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Alemu C, Wudu H, Lakew S. Fear of childbirth and its associated factors among pregnant women in Dejen Woreda, East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9319. [PMID: 38654045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58855-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fears of delivery are the uncertainty and worry experienced before, during, and following labor. It hurts women's health and affects 5-40% of all moms globally. If not recognized, it could cause expectant mothers to feel alone and unsupported. Studies on this subject, however, are scarce at the woreda level. Therefore, this study amis to assess the prevalence and associated factors of fear of childbirth among pregnant women in Dejen Woreda, East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 575 pregnant women selected by Cluster Sapling from December 15 to December 25, 2022. Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire that was presented by an interviewer. Data were entered using Epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS Version 23 statistical software. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were done, and ordinary logistic regression was used to examine the associated factor for fear of childbirth. Finally, a P-value < 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. Among the 575 pregnant women supposed to have participated, 560 agreed and participated in the survey, with a response rate of 97.4%. This study showed that 133(23.8%; CI 20.4-26.8) of the study participants had low fear of childbirth, 67(12%; CI (9.3-14.8 moderate, 217 (38.8%; CI 34.6-42.7) high, 143 (25.5%; CI 21.8-29.1) severe fear of childbirth. Having maternal age 18-24 (adjusted odds ratio/AOR = 1.6; 95% CI (1.1-2.3), p-value = -0.08), occupation daily laborer and other (AOR = 0.3,95%; CI 0.3, 0-74; p-value = 0.004),gestational age in third trimester (AOR = 1.9,95%; CI 1.1-3.4), p-value = 0.022) showed significant factor for a fear of childbirth. Maternal age, occupation, and third-trimester pregnancy were found to be significantly associated with fear of childbirth. Women should engage in special attention to keep them healthy by consistent monitoring during pregnancy. Healthcare providers should identify pregnant women with high fear of childbirth early, offer cognitive behavioral therapy, support psychological and physical well-being, provide early age and preventive measures, and use uniform instruments for assessing women's anxiety, promoting systematic reviews and longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chekol Alemu
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Gambella University, Gambella, Ethiopia.
| | - Habitamu Wudu
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Gambella University, Gambella, Ethiopia
| | - Samuel Lakew
- Departments of Midwifery, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kurar Health Center, East Gojjam Zone, Dejen Woreda, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
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Dai J, Shi Y, Guo L, Wang Y, Kong X. Discrepancy in parental fear of childbirth: A scoping review. Midwifery 2023; 126:103830. [PMID: 37769587 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2023.103830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fear of childbirth is a prevalent clinical psychological issue for both mother and father; however, there is a lack of research comparing and summarizing discrepancies in parental fear of childbirth. AIM This study aimed to explore differences in parental fear of childbirth, identify gaps in related research area, and provide directions for future studies. METHODS Original references were searched from six databases by using subject terms associated with fear of childbirth. The guideline of the scoping review framework proposed by Arksey and O' Malley were applied. RESULTS The review covered 203 publications in all. Of them, 181 were maternal studies and 22 were paternal studies. 105 articles examined prevalence and influencing factors ranging from 0.7 % to 89.3 % in mothers and 5 % to 54.3 % in fathers. The current study included 84 influencing factors, 9 of which were common to parents and 75 of which were different, containing fathers' specific influences on fear of childbirth are perceived pregnancy difficulties, perceived birth difficulties, feelings about the upcoming birth, more frequent thoughts of birth in the middle of pregnancy and not attending parent education classes. 12 articles dealt with the experience of fear of childbirth, and the parents' fear of childbirth had 5 common themes, including fear of the birthing process, fear related to the baby, fear of lack of support, fear of postnatal health and life, and adverse psychological problems. But they have different sub-themes. 61 articles on fear of childbirth interventions, including 8 mother-specific approaches and 4 identical approaches for parents, and all of these methods were effective in reducing the prevalence of parental fear of childbirth. CONCLUSION Factors such as marital status, personality, etc., that are specific to mothers can also be applied to paternal fear of childbirth. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and group discussion, which are unique to maternal fear of childbirth, may be attempted for paternal fear of childbirth. In addition, future research should be devoted to developing a specific measurement tool for fathers, studying paternal fear of childbirth in depth from various aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Dai
- School of Nursing and School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Ya Shi
- School of Nursing and School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, China; School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, England
| | - Lu Guo
- School of Nursing and School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Nursing and School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Xiang Kong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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3
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Zeng T, Yuan M, Wu M, Chen Y, Zhang K. Why do pregnant women with fear of birth prefer vaginal birth? A qualitative study in China. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1110116. [PMID: 36910818 PMCID: PMC9996290 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1110116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fear of birth (FOB) is becoming increasingly recognized as a mental health issue that may endanger maternal and infant health and affects women's subsequent fertility desires. It has also been shown to be related to the choice of delivery mode. Given the differences in healthcare systems and policies between countries, and the gaps in the exploration of women's experience of fear of birth and its association with the delivery mode in the Chinese cultural context, this study thus attempt to understand Chinese women's experience with fear of birth and their preferences for delivery mode through a qualitative study. Methods A descriptive qualitative research was performed among twenty pregnant women from the obstetric outpatient of a tertiary hospital in China. Colaizzi's method was used to analyze the participants' data. Results We proposed three themes and nine subthemes on the participants' experience with fear of birth: (1) an invisible dilemma: trapped in lingering fear (fear of all sides, the untold loneliness, and ambivalence with mixed feelings); (2) an unexpected decision: choose to give birth naturally (initiative selection and passive acceptance); and (3) A strength to confront challenges head-on: move forward with fear (awaken of maternal spirit, hope in bloom, Chinese tolerance culture, and obstetric analgesia). Conclusion Fear of birth is a complex emotion, accompanied by feelings of loneliness and ambivalence in addition to fear. We found that women with fear of birth in this study prefer vaginal birth, and it was revealed to be the result of a combined action of intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieying Zeng
- Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengmei Yuan
- Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meiliyang Wu
- Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Hou Y, Zhou X, Yao M, Liu S. Fear of childbirth and its predictors in re-pregnant women after cesarean section: a cross-sectional multicenter study in China. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:393. [PMID: 35525927 PMCID: PMC9080153 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the implementation of China’s two-child policy in 2016, the number of re-pregnant women after cesarean section has increased significantly. These women are more prone to fear of childbirth compared with primiparas due to their history of scarred uterus leading to a more complicated delivery process, which poses a great threat to their physical and mental health. However, there is currently limited research on the problem in China. The aim of this study was to assess fear of childbirth and its predictors in re-pregnant women after cesarean section in China. Methods A cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted in three hospitals from June 7 to December 7, 2020, in Changsha, China. Study hospitals were selected using a random sampling technique. Participants were selected using a convenience sampling technique. Three hundred fifty-eight women during the third trimester of pregnancy who were older than 18 years, having a history of CS(s), and not having major physical or mental health problems were included. Fear of childbirth and its predictors were evaluated using the Childbirth Attitude Questionnaire, the short form of the 32-item Chinese Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory, the Social Support Rating Scale, and the demographic-obstetric data sheet. After checking for completeness, data were exported to statistical software for analysis. Both univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were computed to assess fear of childbirth and its predictors. Statistical significance was declared at a P-value of < 0.05. Results The average score of fear of childbirth was 43.76 (standard deviation = 5.27, range 17–58). Number of cesarean sections, experience with previous cesarean section, childbirth self-efficacy and social support were significantly associated with fear of childbirth (P < 0.05). Conclusions In this study, re-pregnant women after cesarean section in China had moderate fear of childbirth, and the number of cesarean sections, experience with previous cesarean section, childbirth self-efficacy and social support were predictors of fear of childbirth. It is important for healthcare professionals to find re-pregnant women after cesarean section at high risk of fear of childbirth and provide appropriate services during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Hou
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital and Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xihong Zhou
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section and Department of Obstetrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Min Yao
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital and Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sai Liu
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital and Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Aslantekin Özçoban F, Ergün S, Erkal Aksoy Y. Effects of health literacy education on adaptation to pregnancy, self-efficacy, fear of childbirth and health literacy in Turkish pregnant women: A randomized, controlled trial. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e537-e549. [PMID: 34957621 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This research aims to evaluate the effects of health literacy (HL) education on Turkish pregnant women's adaptations to pregnancy, self-efficacy, fear of childbirth and HL levels. This was a randomised, controlled trial. The research was carried out in the Marmara region of Turkey between July 2018 and April 2019. This research was conducted with three groups including one control (n = 73) and two intervention (n = 109) groups. One of the intervention groups was given antenatal education (AE) for improving HL (HL-AE) (n = 53), and the other was provided AE (n = 56) only. A Pregnancy Information Form, Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire, Fear of Childbirth and The Postpartum Period Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale and Turkey Health Literacy Scale-32 were used for data collection. Results show that adaptation to pregnancy, general self-efficacy and HL levels significantly improved while fear of childbirth decreased in the group that was provided HL-AE intervention group. Additional when the pre-education and post-education scale scores were compared in the AE group, it was found that there was a significant difference in other scale scores, but not for fear of childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sibel Ergün
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Erkal Aksoy
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Kikuchi S, Murakami K, Obara T, Ishikuro M, Ueno F, Noda A, Onuma T, Kobayashi N, Sugawara J, Yamamoto M, Yaegashi N, Kuriyama S, Tomita H. One-year trajectories of postpartum depressive symptoms and associated psychosocial factors: findings from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:632-638. [PMID: 34509778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trajectories of postpartum depressive symptoms up to 1 year after childbirth and the related risk factors remain unclear. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the 1-year trajectories of postpartum depressive symptoms and their associated risk factors. METHODS A total of 22,493 pregnant women were recruited between July 2013 and September 2016 in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study in Japan. Among them, 11,668 women with no missing data were included in the analyses. Depressive symptoms were assessed at 1 month and 1 year postpartum using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Multinominal logistic regression analysis was conducted after adjusting for covariates. RESULTS The prevalence of depression was 13.9% at 1 month and 12.9% at 1 year postpartum. We identified four depression trajectories, i.e., "persistent (depressed throughout the 1 year postpartum)" (6.0%), "recovered (depressed at 1 month postpartum and recovered within a year)" (7.9%), "late-onset (became depressed after 1 month postpartum)" (6.8%), and "resilient (not depressed throughout 1 year postpartum)" (79.2%). Psychological distress during pregnancy was significantly associated with all trajectories (persistent: odds ratio [OR]=10.24, 95% confidence interval (CI)=8.40-12.48; recovered: OR=3.78, 95%CI=3.28-4.36; and late-onset: OR=3.96, 95%CI=3.40-4.62). LIMITATIONS Postpartum depression was evaluated only by a self-administered questionnaire and the dropout rate was not neglectable. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted the high prevalence of depressive symptoms at 1 year postpartum and found that half of the depressive symptoms at 1 year were late-onset. The findings suggest the necessity of long-term follow-up (up to 1 year) for perinatal mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saya Kikuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital; Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University.
| | - Keiko Murakami
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University; Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Taku Obara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University; Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Mami Ishikuro
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University; Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Fumihiko Ueno
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University; Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Aoi Noda
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University; Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Tomomi Onuma
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
| | - Natsuko Kobayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital; Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Junichi Sugawara
- Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University; Environment and Genome Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University; Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University; Department of Disaster-related Public Health, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital; Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University; Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University; Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University
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Folch Ayora A, Salas-Medina P, Collado-Boira E, Ropero-Padilla C, Rodriguez-Arrastia M, Bernat-Adell MD. Pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional observational descriptive study. Nurs Open 2021; 8:3016-3023. [PMID: 34405570 PMCID: PMC8441794 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To provide data on the fears of pregnant women during the confinement period and to learn about the factors, which may have exacerbated fear in Spanish pregnant women during the pandemic. Design A cross‐sectional observational and descriptive study. Methods An anonymous survey was carried out using virtual media in a pregnant population (aged ≥18 years) during the confinement period from 1 April to 1 May 2020. Results The total sample comprised of 62 individuals, with a mean age of 33.6 ± 3.6 years and a mean gestation time of 23.6 ± 9.8 weeks. All of the women used preventive measures against SARS‐CoV‐2. The most common preventive measures were social isolation (82.3%, n = 51) and frequent handwashing (69.4%, n = 43). The most common feeling was fear (29%, n = 18). The main fears were related to transplacental infection (27%, n = 16), loneliness during childbirth, and being separated from the newborn (27%, n = 16). In addition, 59.7% (n = 37) considered changing their child‐rearing practices after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Folch Ayora
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Pre-Department of Nursing, Jaume I University, Castellon de la Plana, Spain.,Research Group CYS, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaume I University, Castello de la Plana, Spain
| | - Pablo Salas-Medina
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Pre-Department of Nursing, Jaume I University, Castellon de la Plana, Spain.,Research Group CYS, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaume I University, Castello de la Plana, Spain
| | - Eladio Collado-Boira
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Pre-Department of Nursing, Jaume I University, Castellon de la Plana, Spain.,Research Group CYS, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaume I University, Castello de la Plana, Spain
| | - Carmen Ropero-Padilla
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Pre-Department of Nursing, Jaume I University, Castellon de la Plana, Spain.,Research Group CYS, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaume I University, Castello de la Plana, Spain
| | - Miguel Rodriguez-Arrastia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Pre-Department of Nursing, Jaume I University, Castellon de la Plana, Spain.,Research Group CYS, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaume I University, Castello de la Plana, Spain
| | - María Desamparados Bernat-Adell
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Pre-Department of Nursing, Jaume I University, Castellon de la Plana, Spain.,Research Group CYS, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaume I University, Castello de la Plana, Spain
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Yılmaz M, Değirmenci F, Yılmaz DV. A psychosocial examination of feelings and thoughts about pregnancy: A qualitative study. Midwifery 2021; 103:103106. [PMID: 34352598 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2021.103106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND during pregnancy, which is a developmental period, there are risks that may cause pathological changes when physical, mental and social adaptation is not achieved. During antenatal appointments, it is possible to provide necessary care for pregnant women at the right time by screening for risks that threaten health. In addition to physical risk factors, psychosocial risk factors that can have significant effects on the health of pregnant women should also be included in antenatal appointments. A woman's inability to meet her needs or difficulties encountered in psychosocial areas, such as mental health, family relations, social life and job status during pregnancy, may result in mental and social problems as well as physical problems. Insufficient social support, job loss and family communication problems can leave pregnant women vulnerable to stress and cause many pregnancy complications, such as preterm labor. When problems in these areas cannot be detected at an early stage, they can threaten the life of the woman and the fetus. As such, knowledge of the specific feelings and thoughts of pregnant women from a psychosocial perspective will be useful in the evaluation of psychosocial risk factors. PURPOSE to determine the feelings and thoughts of pregnant women from a psychosocial perspective. METHOD this study used a qualitative descriptive approach to investigate pregnancy-related feelings and thoughts in a sample of 23 healthy pregnant women. Data were collected using a personal information form and a semi-structured interview form. The interviews, which were conducted using the semi-structured interview form and individual in-depth interviews, were recorded on a voice recorder. A thematic approach was used to analyze the data. RESULTS according to the results, the mean age of the pregnant women was 30.39 (standard deviation 4.03) years, 73.9% were university graduates and 78.3% were multiparous. Three main themes ('Pregnancy perception', 'Emotions in pregnancy' and 'Psychosocial dimension of pregnancy') and eight subthemes emerged from the data analysis. For 'Pregnancy perception', the subtheme was 'Meaning of pregnancy'. For 'Emotions in pregnancy', the subthemes were 'Emotional status (mood) in pregnancy' and 'Fear in pregnancy'. For 'Psychosocial dimension of pregnancy', the subthemes were 'Reflections of pregnancy on social life', 'Reflections of pregnancy on body image', 'Reflections of pregnancy on sexual life', 'Reflections of pregnancy on marital relationship' and 'Reflections of pregnancy on working life'. CONCLUSIONS in order to protect and maintain the health of the mother and fetus during pregnancy, it is recommended that women should be provided with the best physical and psychosocial care within the context of social and cultural structure, not only in this period but in every stage of their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mualla Yılmaz
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, Mersin University Faculty of Nursing, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Filiz Değirmenci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nursing, Mersin University Faculty of Nursing, Mersin 33343, Turkey.
| | - Duygu Vefikuluçay Yılmaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nursing, Mersin University Faculty of Nursing, Mersin 33343, Turkey
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Çıtak Bilgin N, Coşkun H, Coşkuner Potur D, İbar Aydın E, Uca E. Psychosocial predictors of the fear of childbirth in Turkish pregnant women. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 42:123-131. [PMID: 32116080 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2020.1734791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fear of childbirth (FOC) affects women's emotional health, preparation for birth, and outcomes of birth. Identifying the predictors of FOC can aid in identifying strategies for reducing women's FOC. OBJECTIVE This descriptive, cross-sectional study was aimed at determining the psychosocial predictors of FOC in pregnant women. METHODS The participants were 624 nulliparous and multiparous pregnant women in their last trimester. Data were collected using a personal information form, Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire A, Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of FOC. RESULTS FOC was high among this study's participants and severe for one fifth of them. The psychosocial variables predicting FOC were self-efficacy and trait anxiety level, and spousal support was found to be a mediator variable in the relationship between self-efficacy and FOC. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that psychosocial variables are key to predicting FOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Çıtak Bilgin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Hamit Coşkun
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Psychology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Dilek Coşkuner Potur
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Obstetrics Gynecology Nursing, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra İbar Aydın
- Woman and Reproductive Health Unit, Bolu Provincial Health Directorate, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Esra Uca
- Mezitli District Health Directorate, Mersin, Turkey
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10
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Mortazavi F, Mehrabadi M. Predictors of fear of childbirth and normal vaginal birth among Iranian postpartum women: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:316. [PMID: 33882872 PMCID: PMC8058756 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03790-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fear of childbirth (FOC) may contribute to postpartum depression, impaired maternal-infant relation, and preference for cesarean in future pregnancies. We aimed to investigate predictors of FOC and normal vaginal birth among postpartum women who had planned for a normal vaginal birth. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 with postpartum women during the first 24 h after the birth. A sample of 662 women, selected using a convenient sampling method, filled out the questionnaire composed of socio-demographic and obstetric questions and the Wijma Delivery-Expectancy Questionnaire (W-DEQ). We used multiple logistic regression analyses to determine predictors of FOC and normal vaginal birth. Results The percentage of women with mild (score ≤ 37), moderate (38–65), high (66–84), severe (85–99), and intense FOC (score ≥ 100) were 7.9, 19.5, 40.9, 21.1, and 10.6% respectively. Predictors of intense FOC were age < 30, primiparity, low maternal satisfaction with pregnancy, and a low level of perceived marital satisfaction. Overall, 21.8% of women gave birth by cesarean. Predictors of normal vaginal birth were birth weight < 4 kg, spontaneous onset of labor pain, mother’s age < 30, term pregnancy, having a doula, multiparity, satisfaction with husband’s support, and overall satisfaction with pregnancy. A high level of perceived marital/sexual satisfaction was a risk factor for cesarean. Mode of birth was not a predictor of postpartum FOC. Conclusions The rate of severe and intense FOC among this group of postpartum women is high. Our findings highlight modifiable factors for reducing FOC and increasing normal vaginal birth. In designing programs to increase the rate of normal vaginal birth, the following factors should be considered: limiting induced labor, encouraging women to recruit a doula to help them at labor, facilitate husband’s attendance throughout antenatal/intrapartum, and postnatal care to support his wife, and pay attention to women’s common misunderstandings about the effect of vaginal birth on marital/sexual relationship. Our findings indicate that seeking novel ways to promote marital/sexual satisfaction and helping women to have a smooth, hassle-free pregnancy may contribute to a reduction in the rate of the FOC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-021-03790-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Mortazavi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Pardis Building, Towhidshahr Blvd, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Maryam Mehrabadi
- Health Chancellery, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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Bilgiç G, Çıtak Bilgin N. Relationship Between Fear of Childbirth and Psychological and Spiritual Well-Being in Pregnant Women. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:295-310. [PMID: 32949330 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-020-01087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between fear of childbirth (FOC) and psychological (PWB) and spiritual well-being (SWB) in pregnant women. Descriptive and relational study was conducted with 338 pregnant women in Turkey. Information form, Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire-A, Spiritual Well-Being Scale and Psychological Well-Being Scale were used for data collection. There was a negative correlation between SWB and PWB and FOC in pregnant women. SWB explained 18% of the variance related to FOC which increased to 24% with PWB. SWB was a partial mediating variable in PWB and FOC relationship. PWB and SWB of pregnant women should be evaluated in order to reduce FOC. PWB and SWB of pregnant women should be evaluated in order to reduce FOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Bilgiç
- Nursing Care Department, Erenköy Psychiatric Hospital, Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nevin Çıtak Bilgin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Golkoy Campus, 14030, Bolu, Turkey.
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ÇITAK BİLGİN N. Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Doğuma İlişkin Algıları: Nitel Bir Çalışma. DÜZCE ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI ENSTITÜSÜ DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.33631/duzcesbed.718115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Bangma M, Kazemier BM, Papatsonis DNM, Van der Zaag-Loonen HJ, Paarlberg KM. The association between depressive symptoms during pregnancy and post-delivery fear of childbirth; a prospective study. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2020; 38:367-377. [PMID: 32393062 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2020.1753031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fear of childbirth is an important reason for a caesarean section on request. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between depressive symptoms during pregnancy and post-delivery fear of childbirth (PFOC). METHODS We prospectively studied pregnant women from two hospitals in the Netherlands. Women completed the Edinburgh Depression Scale (EPDS), the Wijma Delivery Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ B) and questions concerning risk factors. Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and six weeks post-delivery. PFOC was assessed six weeks post-delivery. Baseline characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were compared between women with and without a depression at baseline. The association between depression and PFOC was assessed with multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS 245 women participated in this study. At baseline 11% suffered from depressive symptoms. There were no differences in pregnancy outcomes. Women with depressive symptoms more often suffered from depressive symptoms six weeks post-delivery (adjusted OR 4.9, 95% CI 1.4-17). PFOC six weeks post-delivery was present in 11%. Women with depression were at increased risk of PFOC six weeks post-delivery (adjusted OR 9.2, 95% CI 2.6-32). CONCLUSION This study shows that women with depression at baseline are at increased risk for depression and PFOC six weeks post-delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Bangma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amphia Teaching Hospital Breda , Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda M Kazemier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gelre Hospitals Apeldoorn Location , Apeldoorn, The Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitri N M Papatsonis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amphia Teaching Hospital Breda , Breda, The Netherlands
| | | | - K Marieke Paarlberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gelre Hospitals Apeldoorn Location , Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
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Marques GM, Nascimento DZ, Trevisol DJ, Iser BP. Instruments measuring pregnant women’s expectations of labor and childbirth: A systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 246:90-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Qiu L, Sun N, Shi X, Zhao Y, Feng L, Gong Y, Yin X. Fear of childbirth in nulliparous women: A cross-sectional multicentre study in China. Women Birth 2020; 33:e136-e141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Deliktas A, Kukulu K. Pregnant Women in Turkey Experience Severe Fear of Childbirth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Transcult Nurs 2019; 30:501-511. [DOI: 10.1177/1043659618823905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Culture is an important factor to determine fear of childbirth which is shaped by social learning processes. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of fear of childbirth among Turkish healthy pregnant women. Method: The researchers reviewed the eight databases considering inclusion criteria and 14 studies were included. The data analysis was conducted using meta-analysis. Results: Pregnant women experienced severe levels of fear, 67.26 ± 4.08, 95% confidence interval [59.26, 75.26], and 21 out of every 100 women experienced clinical level of fear. Between study variance was significant for parity (Qb = 6.40, p = .04) and region (Qb = 19.14, p = .00) moderators. Conclusions: The high level of FOC, particularly in the Eastern region, suggests that some of the cultural factors in the Eastern region in Turkey negatively affect the birth expectations. In a country like Turkey with a multicultural population, the health care professional should provide culturally sensitive care.
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Fear of birth in clinical practice: A structured review of current measurement tools. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2018; 16:98-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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