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Xie Y, Tao S, Pan B, Yang W, Shao W, Fang X, Han D, Li J, Zhang Y, Chen R, Li W, Xu Y, Kan H. Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway mediates diesel exhaust PM 2.5-induced pulmonary and systemic inflammation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131951. [PMID: 37392642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has indicated that the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) can regulate the duration and intensity of inflammatory responses. A wide range of research has demonstrated that PM2.5 exposure may induce various negative health effects via pulmonary and systemic inflammations. To study the potential role of the CAP in mediating PM2.5-induced effects, mice were treated with vagus nerve electrical stimulation (VNS) to activate the CAP before diesel exhaust PM2.5 (DEP) instillation. Analysis of pulmonary and systemic inflammations in mice demonstrated that VNS significantly reduced the inflammatory responses triggered by DEP. Meanwhile, inhibition of the CAP by vagotomy aggravated DEP-induced pulmonary inflammation. The flow cytometry results showed that DEP influenced the CAP by altering the Th cell balance and macrophage polarization in spleen, and in vitro cell co-culture experiments indicated that this DEP-induced change on macrophage polarization may act via the splenic CD4+ T cells. To further confirm the effect of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) in this pathway, mice were then treated with α7nAChR inhibitor (α-BGT) or agonist (PNU282987). Our results demonstrated that specific activation of α7nAChR with PNU282987 effectively alleviated DEP-induced pulmonary inflammation, while specific inhibition of α7nAChR with α-BGT exacerbated the inflammatory markers. The present study suggests that PM2.5 have an impact on the CAP, and CAP may play a critical function in mediating PM2.5 exposure-induced inflammatory response. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS: The datasets used and/or analyzed during the present study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanting Xie
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shimin Tao
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bin Pan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenpu Shao
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyi Fang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dongyang Han
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weihua Li
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanyi Xu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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2
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Landwehr KR, Mead-Hunter R, O'Leary RA, Kicic A, Mullins BJ, Larcombe AN. Respiratory Health Effects of In Vivo Sub-Chronic Diesel and Biodiesel Exhaust Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065130. [PMID: 36982203 PMCID: PMC10049281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel, which can be made from a variety of natural oils, is currently promoted as a sustainable, healthier replacement for commercial mineral diesel despite little experimental data supporting this. The aim of our research was to investigate the health impacts of exposure to exhaust generated by the combustion of diesel and two different biodiesels. Male BALB/c mice (n = 24 per group) were exposed for 2 h/day for 8 days to diluted exhaust from a diesel engine running on ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) or Tallow or Canola biodiesel, with room air exposures used as control. A variety of respiratory-related end-point measurements were assessed, including lung function, responsiveness to methacholine, airway inflammation and cytokine response, and airway morphometry. Exposure to Tallow biodiesel exhaust resulted in the most significant health impacts compared to Air controls, including increased airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation. In contrast, exposure to Canola biodiesel exhaust resulted in fewer negative health effects. Exposure to ULSD resulted in health impacts between those of the two biodiesels. The health effects of biodiesel exhaust exposure vary depending on the feedstock used to make the fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Landwehr
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- Respiratory Environmental Health, Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ryan Mead-Hunter
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Rebecca A O'Leary
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- Respiratory Environmental Health, Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Mullins
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Alexander N Larcombe
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- Respiratory Environmental Health, Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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3
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Müller L, Usemann J, Alves MP, Latzin P. Diesel exposure increases susceptibility of primary human nasal epithelial cells to rhinovirus infection. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14994. [PMID: 34542243 PMCID: PMC8451029 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal epithelial cells (NECs) are among the first cells to be exposed to air pollutants and respiratory viruses. Although it is known that air pollution exposure and rhinovirus infections increase the risk for asthma development independently, it is unclear how these risk factors interact on a cellular level. Therefore, we aimed to investigate how exposure to diesel particulate matter (DPM) modifies the response of primary NECs to rhinovirus (RV) infection in vitro. Exposure of re-differentiated, primary NECs (49 healthy children [0-7 years], 12 adults) to DPM modified the mRNA expression of viral cell-surface receptors, pattern recognition receptors, and pro-inflammatory response (also protein levels). After exposure to DPM, we additionally infected the NECs with RV-1b and RV-16. Viral loads (assessed by titration assays) were significantly higher in DPM-exposed compared with non-exposed NECs. Exposure to DPM prior to RV infection resulted in a significant upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (mRNA and protein level) and β-defensins mRNA, and significant downregulation of pattern recognition receptors mRNA and CXCL10 (mRNA and protein levels). There was no difference between all outcomes of NECs from children and adults. We can conclude that exposure to DPM prior to RV infection increases viral loads by downregulation of viral defense receptors and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our findings indicate a strong interaction between air pollution and the antiviral response to RV infection in NECs. We provide mechanistic evidence that exposure to air pollution increases susceptibility to RV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Müller
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and AllergologyDepartment of Paediatrics, InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR)University of BernBernSwitzerland
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB)BaselSwitzerland
| | - Jakob Usemann
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and AllergologyDepartment of Paediatrics, InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR)University of BernBernSwitzerland
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB)BaselSwitzerland
- Division of Respiratory MedicineUniversity Children's Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Marco P. Alves
- Institute of Virology and ImmunologyBernSwitzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and PathobiologyVetsuisse FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Philipp Latzin
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and AllergologyDepartment of Paediatrics, InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR)University of BernBernSwitzerland
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB)BaselSwitzerland
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Chau-Etchepare F, Hoerger JL, Kuhn BT, Zeki AA, Haczku A, Louie S, Kenyon NJ, Davis CE, Schivo M. Viruses and non-allergen environmental triggers in asthma. J Investig Med 2019; 67:1029-1041. [PMID: 31352362 PMCID: PMC7428149 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2019-001000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex inflammatory disease with many triggers. The best understood asthma inflammatory pathways involve signals characterized by peripheral eosinophilia and elevated immunoglobulin E levels (called T2-high or allergic asthma), though other asthma phenotypes exist (eg, T2-low or non-allergic asthma, eosinophilic or neutrophilic-predominant). Common triggers that lead to poor asthma control and exacerbations include respiratory viruses, aeroallergens, house dust, molds, and other organic and inorganic substances. Increasingly recognized non-allergen triggers include tobacco smoke, small particulate matter (eg, PM2.5), and volatile organic compounds. The interaction between respiratory viruses and non-allergen asthma triggers is not well understood, though it is likely a connection exists which may lead to asthma development and/or exacerbations. In this paper we describe common respiratory viruses and non-allergen triggers associated with asthma. In addition, we aim to show the possible interactions, and potential synergy, between viruses and non-allergen triggers. Finally, we introduce a new clinical approach that collects exhaled breath condensates to identify metabolomics associated with viruses and non-allergen triggers that may promote the early management of asthma symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Chau-Etchepare
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Joshua L Hoerger
- Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Brooks T Kuhn
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Amir A Zeki
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Angela Haczku
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Samuel Louie
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Nicholas J Kenyon
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cristina E Davis
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Michael Schivo
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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5
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Noble PB, Kowlessur D, Larcombe AN, Donovan GM, Wang KCW. Mechanical Abnormalities of the Airway Wall in Adult Mice After Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1073. [PMID: 31507442 PMCID: PMC6716216 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental abnormalities of airways may impact susceptibility to asthma in later life. We used a maternal hypoxia-induced mouse model of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) to examine changes in mechanical properties of the airway wall. Pregnant BALB/c mice were housed under hypoxic conditions (10.5% O2) from gestational day (GD) 11 to GD 17.5 (IUGR; term, GD 21). Following hypoxic exposure, mice were returned to a normoxic environment (21% O2). A control group of pregnant mice were housed under normoxic conditions throughout pregnancy. At 8 weeks postnatal age, offspring were euthanized and a tracheasectomy performed. Tracheal segments were studied in organ baths to measure active airway smooth muscle (ASM) stress to carbachol and assess passive mechanical properties (stiffness) from stress-strain curves. In a separate group of anesthetized offspring, the forced oscillation technique was used to examine airway mechanics from relative changes in airway conductance during slow inflation and deflation between 0 and 20 cmH2O transrespiratory pressure. From predicted radius-pressure loops, storage and loss moduli and hysteresivity were calculated. IUGR offspring were lighter at birth (p < 0.05) and remained lighter at 8 weeks of age (p < 0.05) compared with Controls. Maximal stress was reduced in male IUGR offspring compared with Controls (p < 0.05), but not in females. Sensitivity to contractile agonist was not affected by IUGR or sex. Compared with the Control group, airways from IUGR animals were stiffer in vitro (p < 0.05). In vivo, airway hysteresivity (p < 0.05) was increased in the IUGR group, but there was no difference in storage or loss moduli between groups. In summary, the effects of IUGR persist to the mature airway wall, where there are clear abnormalities to ASM contractile properties and passive wall mechanics. We propose that mechanical abnormalities of the airway wall acquired through disrupted fetal growth impact susceptibility to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Noble
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Darshinee Kowlessur
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alexander N Larcombe
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Graham M Donovan
- Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kimberley C W Wang
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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6
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Noble PB, Kowlessur D, Larcombe AN, Donovan GM, Wang KCW. Mechanical Abnormalities of the Airway Wall in Adult Mice After Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Front Physiol 2019. [PMID: 31507442 PMCID: PMC6716216 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01073,+10.3389/fpls.2019.01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental abnormalities of airways may impact susceptibility to asthma in later life. We used a maternal hypoxia-induced mouse model of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) to examine changes in mechanical properties of the airway wall. Pregnant BALB/c mice were housed under hypoxic conditions (10.5% O2) from gestational day (GD) 11 to GD 17.5 (IUGR; term, GD 21). Following hypoxic exposure, mice were returned to a normoxic environment (21% O2). A control group of pregnant mice were housed under normoxic conditions throughout pregnancy. At 8 weeks postnatal age, offspring were euthanized and a tracheasectomy performed. Tracheal segments were studied in organ baths to measure active airway smooth muscle (ASM) stress to carbachol and assess passive mechanical properties (stiffness) from stress-strain curves. In a separate group of anesthetized offspring, the forced oscillation technique was used to examine airway mechanics from relative changes in airway conductance during slow inflation and deflation between 0 and 20 cmH2O transrespiratory pressure. From predicted radius-pressure loops, storage and loss moduli and hysteresivity were calculated. IUGR offspring were lighter at birth (p < 0.05) and remained lighter at 8 weeks of age (p < 0.05) compared with Controls. Maximal stress was reduced in male IUGR offspring compared with Controls (p < 0.05), but not in females. Sensitivity to contractile agonist was not affected by IUGR or sex. Compared with the Control group, airways from IUGR animals were stiffer in vitro (p < 0.05). In vivo, airway hysteresivity (p < 0.05) was increased in the IUGR group, but there was no difference in storage or loss moduli between groups. In summary, the effects of IUGR persist to the mature airway wall, where there are clear abnormalities to ASM contractile properties and passive wall mechanics. We propose that mechanical abnormalities of the airway wall acquired through disrupted fetal growth impact susceptibility to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B. Noble
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Darshinee Kowlessur
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alexander N. Larcombe
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Graham M. Donovan
- Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kimberley C. W. Wang
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia,*Correspondence: Kimberley C. W. Wang,
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7
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Noble PB, Kowlessur D, Larcombe AN, Donovan GM, Wang KCW. Mechanical Abnormalities of the Airway Wall in Adult Mice After Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Front Physiol 2019. [PMID: 31507442 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01073, 10.3389/fpls.2019.01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental abnormalities of airways may impact susceptibility to asthma in later life. We used a maternal hypoxia-induced mouse model of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) to examine changes in mechanical properties of the airway wall. Pregnant BALB/c mice were housed under hypoxic conditions (10.5% O2) from gestational day (GD) 11 to GD 17.5 (IUGR; term, GD 21). Following hypoxic exposure, mice were returned to a normoxic environment (21% O2). A control group of pregnant mice were housed under normoxic conditions throughout pregnancy. At 8 weeks postnatal age, offspring were euthanized and a tracheasectomy performed. Tracheal segments were studied in organ baths to measure active airway smooth muscle (ASM) stress to carbachol and assess passive mechanical properties (stiffness) from stress-strain curves. In a separate group of anesthetized offspring, the forced oscillation technique was used to examine airway mechanics from relative changes in airway conductance during slow inflation and deflation between 0 and 20 cmH2O transrespiratory pressure. From predicted radius-pressure loops, storage and loss moduli and hysteresivity were calculated. IUGR offspring were lighter at birth (p < 0.05) and remained lighter at 8 weeks of age (p < 0.05) compared with Controls. Maximal stress was reduced in male IUGR offspring compared with Controls (p < 0.05), but not in females. Sensitivity to contractile agonist was not affected by IUGR or sex. Compared with the Control group, airways from IUGR animals were stiffer in vitro (p < 0.05). In vivo, airway hysteresivity (p < 0.05) was increased in the IUGR group, but there was no difference in storage or loss moduli between groups. In summary, the effects of IUGR persist to the mature airway wall, where there are clear abnormalities to ASM contractile properties and passive wall mechanics. We propose that mechanical abnormalities of the airway wall acquired through disrupted fetal growth impact susceptibility to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Noble
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Darshinee Kowlessur
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alexander N Larcombe
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Graham M Donovan
- Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kimberley C W Wang
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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8
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Thaver S, Bennett EJ, Foa L, Richards SM, Lyons AB, Zosky GR. Pregnancy protects against the pro-inflammatory respiratory responses induced by particulate matter exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 225:796-802. [PMID: 30904759 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the effect of pregnancy on the response to particulate matter. The aim of this study was to determine if pregnancy increases the susceptibility to PM from different sources using a mouse model. METHODS Pregnant, eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were exposed intranasally to 50 μg of diesel exhaust particles (DEP), iron oxide (Fe2O3) or silica (SiO2) in 50 μL of saline, or saline alone, on gestational day (E)7.5, E12.5 and E17.5. Groups of non-pregnant mice were exposed on day (D)0, D5 and D10. Biological samples were collected 24 h after the last exposure. Serum IL-4 and IL-6 levels were quantified by ELISA. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was collected for inflammatory cells counts and assessment of IFN-ɣ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels by ELISA. The spleen and thymus were also collected and the percentage of B cells and CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+CD25 + T cells were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS Exposure to silica caused an influx of lymphocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils into the lung. The magnitude of this response was suppressed by pregnancy. Pregnancy also enhanced the production of CD4+CD25 + T cells in response to DEP and silica exposure. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data suggest that pregnancy reduces the inflammatory response to silica and alters the immune response to DEP. These responses were accompanied by pregnancy related changes including increased IL-4 production, reduced IL-8 production and an increase in the proportion of CD4+CD25 + T cells in response to PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santon Thaver
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ellen J Bennett
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Lisa Foa
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Stephen M Richards
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - A Bruce Lyons
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Graeme R Zosky
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
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9
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Clifford HD, Perks KL, Zosky GR. Geogenic PM₁₀ exposure exacerbates responses to influenza infection. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 533:275-282. [PMID: 26172594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) exposure has been linked epidemiologically to exacerbations of lung disease, including respiratory infections. We investigated the effects of geogenic (earth-derived) PM10 (PM<10 μm diameter) on the response to a respiratory viral infection. Geogenic dust was sampled from four communities in arid environments in Western Australia. Adult female BALB/c mice were intranasally exposed to chronic doses of PM10 (10 μg/day for 10 days), and/or infected with influenza (A/Mem/1/71) virus. Inflammation (cells, IL-6, IFN-γ) was measured in bronchoalveolar lavage. Lung mechanics were measured using the forced oscillation technique. Geogenic PM10 induced lung inflammation (neutrophils, macrophages) with additive effects in mice also infected with influenza. PM10 also modified the influenza-induced IL-6 and IFN-γ responses. Geogenic PM10 increased airway resistance, and increased hysteresivity in those exposed to both insults. Viral titres were significantly higher after PM10 exposure. Iron concentration was inversely associated with IFN-γ and positively associated with viral titre and hysteresivity. Geogenic PM10 exposure increases inflammation, impairs lung function and increases viral load, exacerbating the response to respiratory viral infection. Iron in the particles may be a driver of these responses. This has important implications for respiratory health in communities exposed to high geogenic PM10, such as those in arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly D Clifford
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Kara L Perks
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Graeme R Zosky
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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10
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Larcombe AN, Phan JA, Kicic A, Perks KL, Mead-Hunter R, Mullins BJ. Route of exposure alters inflammation and lung function responses to diesel exhaust. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 26:409-18. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.909910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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11
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Zosky GR, Iosifidis T, Perks K, Ditcham WGF, Devadason SG, Siah WS, Devine B, Maley F, Cook A. The concentration of iron in real-world geogenic PM₁₀ is associated with increased inflammation and deficits in lung function in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90609. [PMID: 24587402 PMCID: PMC3938778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are many communities around the world that are exposed to high levels of particulate matter <10 µm (PM10) of geogenic (earth derived) origin. Mineral dusts in the occupational setting are associated with poor lung health, however very little is known about the impact of heterogeneous community derived particles. We have preliminary evidence to suggest that the concentration of iron (Fe) may be associated with the lung inflammatory response to geogenic PM10. We aimed to determine which physico-chemical characteristics of community sampled geogenic PM10 are associated with adverse lung responses. Methods We collected geogenic PM10 from four towns in the arid regions of Western Australia. Adult female BALB/c mice were exposed to 100 µg of particles and assessed for inflammatory and lung function responses 6 hours, 24 hours and 7 days post-exposure. We assessed the physico-chemical characteristics of the particles and correlated these with lung outcomes in the mice using principal components analysis and multivariate linear regression. Results Geogenic particles induced an acute inflammatory response that peaked 6 hours post-exposure and a deficit in lung mechanics 7 days post-exposure. This deficit in lung mechanics was positively associated with the concentration of Fe and particle size variability and inversely associated with the concentration of Si. Conclusions The lung response to geogenic PM10 is complex and highly dependent on the physico-chemical characteristics of the particles. In particular, the concentration of Fe in the particles may be a key indicator of the potential population health consequences for inhaling geogenic PM10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme R. Zosky
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Asthma and Airways, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas Iosifidis
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kara Perks
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Will G. F. Ditcham
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sunalene G. Devadason
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - W. Shan Siah
- Cooperative Research Centre for Asthma and Airways, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brian Devine
- Cooperative Research Centre for Asthma and Airways, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fiona Maley
- Cooperative Research Centre for Asthma and Airways, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Angus Cook
- Cooperative Research Centre for Asthma and Airways, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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