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Jiang MY, Duan YP, Tong XL, Huang QR, Jia MM, Yang WZ, Feng LZ. Clinical manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus infection and the risk of wheezing and recurrent wheezing illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:1030-1040. [PMID: 37531038 PMCID: PMC10533619 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infants is a global health priority. We aimed to investigate the common manifestations of RSV infection by age group and human development index (HDI) level and to assess its association with the development of wheezing and recurrent wheezing illness. METHODS We searched the literature published between January 1, 2010 and June 2, 2022 in seven databases. Outcomes included common manifestations and long-term respiratory outcomes of RSV infection in children. Random- and fixed-effect models were used to estimate the effect size and their 95% confidence intervals. Subgroup analysis was conducted by age and HDI levels. This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022379401). RESULTS The meta-analysis included 47 studies. The top five manifestations were cough (92%), nasal congestion (58%), rhinorrhea (53%), shortness of breath (50%), and dyspnea (47%). The clinical symptoms were most severe in infants. In our analysis, compared to very high and high HDI countries, fewer studies in medium HDI countries reported related manifestations, and no study in low HDI countries reported that. The RSV-infected infants were more likely to develop wheezing than the non-infected infants [odds ratio (OR), 3.12; 95% CI, 2.59-3.76] and had a higher risk of developing wheezing illnesses after recovery (OR, 2.60; 95% CI, 2.51-2.70). CONCLUSIONS Cough and shortness of breath are common manifestations of RSV infection. More attention should be given to infants and areas with low HDI levels. The current findings confirm an association between RSV infection and wheezing or recurrent wheezing illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Jiang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, #9 Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ping Duan
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, #9 Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xun-Liang Tong
- Department of pulmonary and critical care medicine, Beijing Hospital/National Gerontology Center/Institute of Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qiang-Ru Huang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, #9 Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Meng Jia
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, #9 Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Zhong Yang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, #9 Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
| | - Lu-Zhao Feng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, #9 Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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Azar B, Hashavya S, Ohana Sarna Cahan L, Reif S, Gross I. Bronchiolitis Due to RSV and HMPV-Epidemiology, Clinical Course, and Prognosis: Experience of a Single Tertiary Center. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2023; 62:1032-1039. [PMID: 36744682 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231151401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute bronchiolitis is a leading cause of hospitalization in infants. In this retrospective study, 645 patients with acute bronchiolitis diagnosed as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV; n = 538) or human metapneumovirus (HMPV; n = 107) were compared in terms of demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings. The HMPV patients presented later in the winter, were older (20 vs 7.55 months; P < .001)), had higher levels of C-reactive protein (4.55 vs 3.03 mg/dL; P = .007), and a higher prevalence of complications (43.9% vs 32.7%; P = .03). This study highlights the similarities and differences between these 2 common respiratory viral pathogens and shows that HMPV has a slightly more severe disease course than RSV. These findings can help guide approaches to these 2 common viruses that cause bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bar Azar
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Saar Hashavya
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lea Ohana Sarna Cahan
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shimon Reif
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Itai Gross
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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3
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Hacker K, Kuan G, Vydiswaran N, Chowell‐Puente G, Patel M, Sanchez N, Lopez R, Ojeda S, Lopez B, Mousa J, Maier HE, Balmaseda A, Gordon A. Pediatric burden and seasonality of human metapneumovirus over 5 years in Managua, Nicaragua. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2022; 16:1112-1121. [PMID: 35965382 PMCID: PMC9530515 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an important cause of pediatric respiratory infection. We leveraged the Nicaraguan Pediatric Influenza Cohort Study (NPICS) to assess the burden and seasonality of symptomatic hMPV infection in children. METHODS NPICS is an ongoing prospective study of children in Managua, Nicaragua. We assessed children for hMPV infection via real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We used classical additive decomposition analysis to assess the temporal trends, and generalized growth models (GGMs) were used to estimate effective reproduction numbers. RESULTS From 2011 to 2016, there were 564 hMPV symptomatic infections, yielding an incidence rate of 5.74 cases per 100 person-years (95% CI 5.3, 6.2). Children experienced 3509 acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs), of which 160 (4.6%) were associated with hMPV infection. Children under the age of one had 55% of all symptomatic hMPV infections (62/112) develop into hMPV-associated ALRIs and were five times as likely as children over one to have an hMPV-associated ALRI (rate ratio 5.5 95% CI 4.1, 7.4 p < 0.001). Additionally, symptomatic reinfection with hMPV was common. In total, 87 (15%) of all observed symptomatic infections were detected reinfections. The seasonality of symptomatic hMPV outbreaks varied considerably. From 2011 to 2016, four epidemic periods were observed, following a biennial seasonal pattern. The mean ascending phase of the epidemic periods were 7.7 weeks, with an overall mean estimated reproductive number of 1.2 (95% CI 1.1, 1.4). CONCLUSIONS Symptomatic hMPV infection was associated with substantial burden among children in the first year of life. Timing and frequency of symptomatic hMPV incidence followed biennial patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Hacker
- School of Public Health, Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences InstituteManaguaNicaragua
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores VivasMinistry of HealthManaguaNicaragua
| | - Nivea Vydiswaran
- School of Public Health, Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Gerardo Chowell‐Puente
- School of Public Health, Department of Population Health SciencesGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Mayuri Patel
- School of Public Health, Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | | | - Roger Lopez
- Sustainable Sciences InstituteManaguaNicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y ReferenciaMinistry of HealthManaguaNicaragua
| | | | | | - Jarrod Mousa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Vaccines and ImmunologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Hannah E. Maier
- School of Public Health, Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences InstituteManaguaNicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y ReferenciaMinistry of HealthManaguaNicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- School of Public Health, Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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Núñez-Samudio V, Landires I. Epidemiology of viral respiratory infections in a pediatric reference hospital in Central Panama. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:43. [PMID: 33422002 PMCID: PMC7796567 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a worldwide public health problem. It is estimated that up to 80% of cases of ARIs are caused by viruses. In Central America, however, we identified few epidemiologic studies on the main ARI-related viruses in hospitalized children. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical charts of patients ages 29 days to 14 years admitted with diagnoses of ARIs in a pediatric reference hospital in central Panama during 2016. The variables analyzed were age, sex, signs, symptoms, and diagnosis at admission. Samples of patients to whom a viral panel was indicated were analyzed via quantitative polymerase chain reaction, qPCR. Results The most common virus was respiratory syncytial virus (RSV; 25.9%), followed by influenza A virus (10.6%), rhinovirus (10.6%), parainfluenza type 3 (PIV-3; 8.2%) and adenovirus (5.9%). However, virus detection varied with patient age and season. RSV and Influenza virus were respectively identified mainly during July–November and May–July. All cases of viral co-infection occurred in children < 5-years-old. Both influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 and rhinovirus were detected in all pediatric ages analyzed in this study, unlike RSV and PIV-3, which were only present in children < 5-years-old. Conclusions This study analyzed the epidemiological patterns of different respiratory viruses in pediatric patients with ARI from central Panama and found that the prevalence of the specific respiratory viruses identified varied with season and age. The most common viruses were RSV, influenza A, and rhinovirus. There were no reports of human metapneumovirus associated with ARI, which may be explained by the time and geographic location of the study. Knowledge of the local epidemiology of respiratory viruses in tropical countries is helpful in forecasting the peaks of hospitalizations due to ARIs and may help improve prevention efforts aiming at respiratory disease control in these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Núñez-Samudio
- Instituto de Ciencias Médicas, PO Box 0710-00043, Las Tablas, Los Santos, Panama.,Sección de Epidemiología, Departamento de Salud Pública, Región de Salud de Herrera, Ministry of Health, Chitré, Panama
| | - Iván Landires
- Instituto de Ciencias Médicas, PO Box 0710-00043, Las Tablas, Los Santos, Panama. .,Centro Regional Universitario de Azuero (CRUA), Universidad de Panamá, Chitré, Herrera, Panama. .,Hospital Joaquín Pablo Franco Sayas, Región de Salud de Los Santos, Ministry of Health, Las Tablas, Panama.
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5
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Carbonell-Estrany X, Rodgers-Gray BS, Paes B. Challenges in the prevention or treatment of RSV with emerging new agents in children from low- and middle-income countries. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 19:419-441. [PMID: 32972198 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1828866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes approximately 120,000 deaths annually in children <5 years, with 99% of fatalities occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). AREAS COVERED There are numerous RSV interventions in development, including long-acting monoclonal antibodies, vaccines (maternal and child) and treatments which are expected to become available soon. We reviewed the key challenges and issues that need to be addressed to maximize the impact of these interventions in LMICs. The epidemiology of RSV in LMICs was reviewed (PubMed search to 30 June 2020 inclusive) and the need for more and better-quality data, encompassing hospital admissions, community contacts, and longer-term respiratory morbidity, emphasized. The requirement for an agreed clinical definition of RSV lower respiratory tract infection was proposed. The pros and cons of the new RSV interventions are reviewed from the perspective of LMICs. EXPERT OPINION We believe that a vaccine (or combination of vaccines, if practicable) is the only viable solution to the burden of RSV in LMICs. A coordinated program, analogous to that with polio, involving governments, non-governmental organizations, the World Health Organization, the manufacturers and the healthcare community is required to realize the full potential of vaccine(s) and end the devastation of RSV in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Carbonell-Estrany
- Neonatology Service, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Suñer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Bosco Paes
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatal Division), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Cai W, Buda S, Schuler E, Hirve S, Zhang W, Haas W. Risk factors for hospitalized respiratory syncytial virus disease and its severe outcomes. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2020; 14:658-670. [PMID: 32064773 PMCID: PMC7578333 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of hospital admission for acute lower respiratory tract infection in young children. Objectives We aimed to identify risk factors for hospitalized RSV disease and its severe outcomes. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study analyzing data of a ICD‐10‐code‐based hospital surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections (SARI). Using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis, we assessed age‐group, gender, season, and underlying medical conditions as possible risk factors for RSV and its severe outcomes including ICU admission, application of ventilator support, and death, respectively. Results Of the 413 552 patients hospitalized with SARI in the database, 8761 were diagnosed with RSV from week 01/2009 to 20/2018 with 97% (8521) aged <5 years. Among children aged <5 years, age‐groups 0‐5 months (OR: 20.29, 95% CI: 18.37‐22.41) and 6 months‐1 year (OR: 4.59, 95% CI: 4.16‐5.06), and underlying respiratory and cardiovascular disorders specific to the perinatal period (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.11‐1.57) were risk factors for being diagnosed with RSV. Age‐group 0‐5 months (OR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.45‐3.94), low birth weight (OR: 6.77, 95% CI: 1.28‐35.71), preterm newborn (OR: 6.71, 95% CI: 2.19‐20.61), underlying respiratory and cardiovascular disorders specific to the perinatal period (OR: 4.97, 95% CI: 3.36‐7.34), congenital malformation of the heart (OR: 3.65, 95% CI: 1.90‐7.02), congenital malformation of the great vessels (OR: 3.50, 95% CI: 1.10‐11.18), congenital defect originating in perinatal period (OR: 4.07, 95% CI: 1.71‐9.70), cardiovascular disease (OR: 5.19, 95% CI: 2.77‐9.72), neurological disorders (OR: 6.48, 95% CI: 3.76‐11.18), blood disease (OR: 3.67, 95% CI: 1.98‐6.79), and liver disease (OR: 14.99, 95% CI: 1.49‐150.82) contributed to ICU admission in RSV cases. Conclusions Using ICD‐10‐based surveillance data allows to identify risk factors for hospitalized RSV disease and its severe outcomes, and quantify the risk in different age‐groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- Respiratory Infections Unit, Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Buda
- Respiratory Infections Unit, Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Wenqing Zhang
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Walter Haas
- Respiratory Infections Unit, Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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Divarathna MVM, Rafeek RAM, Noordeen F. A review on epidemiology and impact of human metapneumovirus infections in children using TIAB search strategy on PubMed and PubMed Central articles. Rev Med Virol 2019; 30:e2090. [PMID: 31788915 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) contribute to morbidity and mortality in children globally. Viruses including human metapneumovirus (hMPV) account for most ARTIs. The virus causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections mostly in young children and contributes to hospitalization of individuals with asthma,chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and cancer. Moreover, hMPV pauses a considerable socio-economic impact creating a substantial disease burden wherever it has been studied, although hMPV testing is relatively new in many countries. We aimed to comprehensively analyze the epidemiological aspects including prevalence, disease burden and seasonality of hMPV infections in children in the world. We acquired published data extracted from PubMed and PubMed Central articles using the title and abstract (TIAB)search strategy for the major key words on hMPV infections from 9/54 African, 11/35 American, 20/50 Asian, 2/14 Australian/Oceanian and 20/51 European countries. According to the findings of this review, the prevalence of hMPV infection ranges from 1.1 to 86% in children of less than 5 years of age globally. Presence of many hMPV genotypes (A1, A2, B1, B2) and sub-genotypes (A2a, A2b, A2c, B2a, B2b) suggests a rapid evolution of the virus with limited influence by time and geography. hMPV infection mostly affects children between 2 to 5 years of age. The virus is active throughout the year in the tropics and epidemics occur during the winter and spring in temperate climates, contributing to a substantial disease burden globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maduja V M Divarathna
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Rukshan A M Rafeek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Faseeha Noordeen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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8
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Phadke VK, McCracken JP, Kriss JL, Lopez MR, Lindblade KA, Bryan JP, Garcia ME, Funes CE, Omer SB. Clinical Characteristics of Hospitalized Infants With Laboratory-Confirmed Pertussis in Guatemala. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2018; 7:310-316. [PMID: 29045690 PMCID: PMC5899054 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/pix081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pertussis is an important cause of hospitalization and death in infants too young to be vaccinated (aged <2 months). Limited data on infant pertussis have been reported from Central America. The aim of this study was to characterize acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) attributable to Bordetella pertussis among infants enrolled in an ongoing surveillance study in Guatemala. METHODS As part of a population-based surveillance study in Guatemala, infants aged <2 months who presented with ARI and required hospitalization were enrolled, and nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab specimens were obtained. For this study, these specimens were tested for B pertussis using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Among 301 infants hospitalized with ARI, we found 11 with pertussis confirmed by PCR (pertussis-positive infants). Compared to pertussis-negative infants, pertussis-positive infants had a higher mean admission white blood cell count (20900 vs 12579 cells/μl, respectively; P = .024), absolute lymphocyte count (11517 vs 5591 cells/μl, respectively; P < .001), rate of admission to the intensive care unit (64% vs 35%, respectively; P = .054), and case fatality rate (18% vs 3%, respectively; P = .014). Ten of the 11 pertussis-positive infants had cough at presentation; the majority (80%) of them had a cough duration of <7 days, and only 1 had a cough duration of >14 days. Fever (temperature ≥ 38°C) was documented in nearly half (45%) of the pertussis-positive infants (range, 38.0-38.4°C). CONCLUSIONS In this study of infants <2 months of age hospitalized with ARI in Guatemala, pertussis-positive infants had a high rate of intensive care unit admission and a higher case fatality rate than pertussis-negative infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun K Phadke
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine,Correspondence: V. K. Phadke, MD, 49 Jesse Hill Jr. Dr, Atlanta, GA 30303 ()
| | - John P McCracken
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City
| | - Jennifer L Kriss
- Department of Epidemiology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central American Regional Office, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Maria R Lopez
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City
| | - Kim A Lindblade
- Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central American Regional Office, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Joe P Bryan
- Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central American Regional Office, Guatemala City, Guatemala,Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Miguel E Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Nacional de Cuilapa, Santa Rosa, Guatemala
| | - Carlos E Funes
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Regional de Occidente, Quetzaltenango, Guatemala
| | - Saad B Omer
- Department of Epidemiology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central American Regional Office, Guatemala City, Guatemala,Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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9
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Zhang L, Liu W, Liu D, Chen D, Tan W, Qiu S, Xu D, Li X, Liu T, Zhou R. Epidemiological and clinical features of human metapneumovirus in hospitalised paediatric patients with acute respiratory illness: a cross-sectional study in Southern China, from 2013 to 2016. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019308. [PMID: 29437754 PMCID: PMC5829904 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is one of the most important respiratory viral pathogens affecting infants and children worldwide. Our study describes the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HMPV present in patients hospitalised with acute respiratory illness (ARI) in Guangzhou, Southern China. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Two tertiary hospitals in Guangzhou. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Throat swabs were collected over a 3-year period from 5133 paediatric patients (≤14 years) hospitalised with ARI. Patients who are HMPV positive with clinical presentations (101/103) were recorded for further analysis. RESULTS Of the 5133 patients included in the study, 103 (2.0%) were positive for HMPV. HMPV was more prevalent in children ≤5 years (2.2%, 98/4399) compared with older children (>5-14 years) (0.7%, 5/734) (P=0.004). Two seasonal HMPV peaks were observed each year and mainly occurred in spring and early summer. Overall, 18.4% (19/103) of patients who are HMPV positive were codetected with other pathogens, most frequently respiratory syncytial virus (36.8%, 7/19). Patients who are HMPV positive presented with a wide spectrum of clinical features, including cough (100.0%, 101/101), abnormal pulmonary breath sound (91.1%, 92/101), fever (88.1%, 89/101), expectoration (77.2%, 78/101), coryza (50.5%, 51/101) and wheezing (46.5%, 47/101). The main diagnosis of patients who are HMPV positive was bronchopneumonia (66.7%, 56/84). Fever (≥38˚C) (91.6%, 76/83) was detected more often in patients with only HMPV detected than in patients with HMPV plus other pathogen(s) detected (72.2%, 13/18) (P=0.037), whereas diarrhoea was more common in patients with HMPV plus other pathogen(s) detected (22.2%, 4/18), compared with patients with HMPV only (3.6%, 3/83) (P=0.018). CONCLUSIONS HMPV is an important respiratory pathogen in children with ARI in Guangzhou, particularly in children ≤5 years old. HMPV has a seasonal variation. Bronchopneumonia is a major diagnosis in patients who are HMPV positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenkuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Donglan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dehui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiping Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Duo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Ábrego LE, Mirazo S, Delfraro A, Franco D, Castillo M, Gaitán M, Castillo J, Moreno B, Pascale JM, Arbiza J. Genotypes of human metapneumovirus circulating during 2010-2012 in children from Panama. J Med Virol 2017; 90:604-608. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leyda E. Ábrego
- Deparment of Research in Virology and Biotechnology; Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies; Panama City Panama
| | - Santiago Mirazo
- Virology Section, School of Sciences; University of the Republic; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Adriana Delfraro
- Virology Section, School of Sciences; University of the Republic; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Danilo Franco
- Deparment of Research in Virology and Biotechnology; Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies; Panama City Panama
- School of Medicine; University of Panama; Panama City Panama
| | - Marlene Castillo
- Deparment of Research in Virology and Biotechnology; Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies; Panama City Panama
| | - Melissa Gaitán
- Deparment of Research in Virology and Biotechnology; Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies; Panama City Panama
| | - Juan Castillo
- Department of Genomic and Proteomic; Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies; Panama City Panama
| | - Brechla Moreno
- Deparment of Research in Virology and Biotechnology; Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies; Panama City Panama
| | - Juan M. Pascale
- School of Medicine; University of Panama; Panama City Panama
- Department of Genomic and Proteomic; Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies; Panama City Panama
| | - Juan Arbiza
- Virology Section, School of Sciences; University of the Republic; Montevideo Uruguay
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11
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Moe N, Stenseng IH, Krokstad S, Christensen A, Skanke LH, Risnes KR, Nordbø SA, Døllner H. The Burden of Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Hospitalized Norwegian Children. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:110-116. [PMID: 28838133 PMCID: PMC7107394 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The burden of severe human metapneumovirus (HMPV) respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in European children has not been clarified. We assessed HMPV in Norwegian children and compared hospitalization rates for HMPV and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Methods We prospectively enrolled children (<16 years old) hospitalized with RTI and asymptomatic controls (2006-2015). Nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for HMPV, RSV, and 17 other pathogens. We genotyped HMPV-positive samples and assessed shedding time in 32 HMPV-infected children. Results In children with RTI, HMPV was detected in 7.3% (267 of 3650) and RSV in 28.7% (1048 of 3650). Among controls, 2.1% (7 of 339) had low HMPV levels detected by PCR, but all were culture negative. HMPV primarily occurred from January to April and in regular epidemics. At least 2 HMPV subtypes occurred each season. The average annual hospitalization rates in children <5 years old with lower RTI were 1.9/1000 (HMPV) and 10.4/1000 (RSV). Among children with RTI, the median HMPV shedding time by PCR was 13 days (range, 6-28 days), but all were culture negative (noninfectious) after 13 days. Conclusions HMPV appears in epidemics in Norwegian children, with a hospitalization rate 5 times lower than RSV. Low levels of HMPV are rarely detected in healthy children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Moe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.,Department of Pediatrics
| | - Inger Heimdal Stenseng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
| | - Sidsel Krokstad
- Medical Microbiology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andreas Christensen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.,Medical Microbiology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Høsøien Skanke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.,Department of Pediatrics
| | - Kari Ravndal Risnes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.,Department of Pediatrics
| | - Svein Arne Nordbø
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.,Medical Microbiology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Henrik Døllner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.,Department of Pediatrics
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12
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Ramaekers K, Keyaerts E, Rector A, Borremans A, Beuselinck K, Lagrou K, Van Ranst M. Prevalence and seasonality of six respiratory viruses during five consecutive epidemic seasons in Belgium. J Clin Virol 2017; 94:72-78. [PMID: 28772168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) are a major health problem, especially in young children and the elderly. OBJECTIVES Insights into the seasonality of respiratory viruses can help us understand when the burden on society is highest and which age groups are most vulnerable. STUDY DESIGN We monitored six respiratory viruses during five consecutive seasons (2011-2016) in Belgium. Patient specimens (n=22876), tested for one or more of the following respiratory viruses, were included in this analysis: Influenza viruses (IAV & IBV), Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV), Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), Adenovirus (ADV) and Human parainfluenza virus (hPIV). Data were analysed for four age categories: <6y, 6-17y, 18-64y and ≥65y. RESULTS Children <6y had the highest infection rates (39% positive vs. 20% positive adults) and the highest frequency of co-infections. hRSV (28%) and IAV (32%) caused the most common respiratory viral infections and followed, like hMPV, a seasonal pattern with winter peaks. hRSV followed an annual pattern with two peaks: first in young children and ±7 weeks later in elderly. This phenomenon has not been described in literature so far. hPIV and ADV occurred throughout the year with higher rates in winter. CONCLUSIONS Children <6y are most vulnerable for respiratory viral infections and have a higher risk for co-infections. hRSV and IAV are the most common respiratory infections with peaks during the winter season in Belgium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaat Ramaekers
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven. Herestraat 49 box 1040, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Els Keyaerts
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven. Herestraat 49 box 1040, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Annabel Rector
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven. Herestraat 49 box 1040, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Annie Borremans
- University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kurt Beuselinck
- University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Katrien Lagrou
- University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Marc Van Ranst
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven. Herestraat 49 box 1040, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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13
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Human metapnuemovirus infections in hospitalized children and comparison with other respiratory viruses. 2005-2014 prospective study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173504. [PMID: 28301570 PMCID: PMC5354294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) has an important etiological role in acute lower respiratory infections in children under five years. Our objectives were to estimate the relative contribution of HMPV to hospitalization in children with acute respiratory infection, to define the clinical and epidemiological features of HMPV single and multiple infections, and to compare HMPV infections with respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), rhinovirus (HRV), adenovirus and human bocavirus infections in the same population. Methods and findings A prospective study performed on all children less than 14 years of age with a respiratory tract disease admitted to a secondary hospital between September 2005- June 2014. Clinical characteristics of patients were analyzed. Nasopharyngeal aspirate was taken at admission for viral study with polymerase chain reaction for 16 respiratory viruses. A total of 3,906 children were included. At least one respiratory virus was detected in 75.2% of them. The most common identified virus was HRSV, followed by HRV. HMPV was detected in 214 cases (5.5%); 133 (62%) were single infections and the remaining were detected in coinfection with other viruses. 90.7% cases were detected between February and May. Children’s mean age was 13.83 ± 18 months. Fever was frequent (69%), and bronchiolitis (27%), and recurrent wheezing (63%) were the main clinical diagnosis. Hypoxia was present in 65% of the patients and 47% of them had an infiltrate in X-ray. Only 6 (2.8%) children were admitted to the intensive care unit. Only the duration of the hospitalization was different, being longer in the coinfections group (p <0.05). There were many differences in seasonality and clinical characteristics between HMPV and other respiratory viruses being more similar to HRSV. Conclusions HMPV infections accounted for 5.5% of total viral infections in hospitalized children. The clinical characteristics were similar to HRSV infections, but seasonality and clinical data were different from other viral infections.
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14
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Jonnalagadda S, Rodríguez O, Estrella B, Sabin LL, Sempértegui F, Hamer DH. Etiology of severe pneumonia in Ecuadorian children. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171687. [PMID: 28182741 PMCID: PMC5300242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Latin America, community-acquired pneumonia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children. Few studies have examined the etiology of pneumonia in Ecuador. METHODS This observational study was part of a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted among children aged 2-59 months with severe pneumonia in Quito, Ecuador. Nasopharyngeal and blood samples were tested for bacterial and viral etiology by polymerase chain reaction. Risk factors for specific respiratory pathogens were also evaluated. RESULTS Among 406 children tested, 159 (39.2%) had respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), 71 (17.5%) had human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and 62 (15.3%) had adenovirus. Streptococcus pneumoniae was identified in 37 (9.2%) samples and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in three (0.74%) samples. The yearly circulation pattern of RSV (P = 0.0003) overlapped with S. pneumoniae, (P = 0.03) with most cases occurring in the rainy season. In multivariable analysis, risk factors for RSV included younger age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.9, P = 0.01) and being underweight (aOR = 1.8, P = 0.04). Maternal education (aOR = 0.82, P = 0.003), pulse oximetry (aOR = 0.93, P = 0.005), and rales (aOR = 0.25, P = 0.007) were associated with influenza A. Younger age (aOR = 3.5, P = 0.007) and elevated baseline respiratory rate were associated with HPIV-3 infection (aOR = 0.94, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION These results indicate the importance of RSV and influenza, and potentially modifiable risk factors including undernutrition and future use of a RSV vaccine, when an effective vaccine becomes available. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT 00513929.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivani Jonnalagadda
- Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Bertha Estrella
- Corporación Ecuatoriana de Biotecnología, Quito, Ecuador
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Lora L. Sabin
- Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fernando Sempértegui
- Corporación Ecuatoriana de Biotecnología, Quito, Ecuador
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Davidson H. Hamer
- Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Márquez-Escobar VA. Current developments and prospects on human metapneumovirus vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2017; 16:419-431. [PMID: 28116910 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1283223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) has become one of the major pathogens causing acute respiratory infections (ARI) mainly affecting young children, immunocompromised patients, and the elderly. Currently there are no licensed vaccines against this virus. Areas covered: Since the discovery of hMPV in 2001, many groups have focused on developing vaccines against this pathogen. This review presents the outcomes and perspectives derived from preclinical studies performed in cell cultures and animals as well as the only candidate that has reached evaluation in a clinical trial. Limitations of the current vaccine candidates are discussed and perspectives for the development of plant-based vaccines are analyzed. Expert commentary: Several hMPV vaccine candidates are under development with the potential to progress into clinical trials. In parallel, the molecular farming field offers new opportunities to generate innovative vaccines that will offer several advantages in the fight against hMPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Araceli Márquez-Escobar
- a Facultad de Ciencias Químicas , Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí , Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210 , SLP , Mexico
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Paramyxovirus Outbreak in a Long-Term Care Facility: The Challenges of Implementing Infection Control Practices in a Congregate Setting. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017; 38:399-404. [PMID: 28065183 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2016.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We report an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infections in a dementia care ward containing 2 separately locked units (A and B) to heighten awareness of these pathogens in the older adult population and highlight some of the infection prevention challenges faced during a noninfluenza respiratory viral outbreak in a congregate setting. METHODS Cases were defined by the presence of new signs or symptoms that included (1) a single oral temperature ≥ 37.8°C (100.0°F) and (2) the presence of at least 2 of the following symptoms: cough, dyspnea, rhinorrhea, hoarseness, congestion, fatigue, and malaise. Attempted infection-control measures included cohorting patients and staff, empiric isolation precautions, and cessation of group activities. Available nasopharyngeal swab specimens were sent to the Tennessee Department of Health for identification by rT-PCR testing. RESULTS We identified 30 of the 41 (73%) residents as cases over this 16-day outbreak. Due to high numbers of sick personnel, we were unable to cohort staff to 1 unit. Unit B developed its first case 8 days after infection control measures were implemented. Of the 14 cases with available specimens, 6 patients tested positive for RSV-B, 7 for HMPV and 1 patient test positive for influenza A. Overall, 15 cases (50%) required transfer to acute care facilities; 10 of these patients (34%) had chest x-ray confirmed pulmonary infiltrates; and 5 residents (17%) died. CONCLUSIONS This case report highlights the importance of RSV and HMPV in causing substantial disease in the older adult population and highlights the challenges in preventing transmission of these viruses. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:399-404.
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Intensive Care Unit Admission and Death Rates of Infants Admitted With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Mexico. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2016; 35:1199-1203. [PMID: 27276178 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000001262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common etiology for acute respiratory infection hospital admissions in young children. Case fatality rates for hospitalized patients range between 0% and 3.4%. Recent reports indicate that deaths associated with RSV are uncommon in developed countries. However, the role of this virus as a current cause of mortality in other countries requires further examination. METHODS Children with RSV infection admitted between May 2003 and December 2014 to a level 2 specialty hospital in Mexico were included in this analysis. Underlying risk factors, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and condition on discharge were assessed to determine the ICU admission and death rates associated to RSV infection. RESULTS We analyzed data of 1153 patients with RSV infection in whom information regarding underlying illnesses and discharge status was available. Sixty patients (5.2 %) were admitted to the ICU and 12 (1.04 %) died. Relevant underlying conditions were present in 320 (27.7%) patients. Infants with underlying respiratory disorders (excluding asthma) and a history of prematurity had high ICU admission rates (17.1% and 13.8%, respectively). Mortality rates were highest for infants with respiratory disease (excluding asthma) (7.3%), cardiovascular diseases (5.9%) and neurologic disorders (5.3%). The ICU admission and death rates were higher in infants <6 months of age than in other age groups. CONCLUSIONS The ICU admission rate and mortality rate in Mexican infants hospitalized with RSV infection were 5.2% and 1%, respectively. Mortality rates were high in infants with respiratory, cardiovascular and neurologic disorders.
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Lefebvre A, Manoha C, Bour JB, Abbas R, Fournel I, Tiv M, Pothier P, Astruc K, Aho-Glélé LS. Human metapneumovirus in patients hospitalized with acute respiratory infections: A meta-analysis. J Clin Virol 2016; 81:68-77. [PMID: 27337518 PMCID: PMC7106388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infections in patients hospitalized for acute respiratory infection (ARI) and to study factors associated with this prevalence. Medline and ScienceDirect databases were searched for prospective observational studies that screened hospitalized patients with ARI for hMPV by RT-PCR, with data available at December 27, 2014. The risk of bias was assessed regarding participation rate, definition of ARI, description of diagnostic technique, method of inclusion identical for all subjects, standardized and identical sampling method for all subjects, analysis performed according to the relevant subgroups, and presentation of data sources. Random-effect meta-analysis with arcsine transformation and meta-regressions was used. In the 75 articles included, the prevalence of hMPV among hospitalized ARI was 6.24% (95% CI 5.25-7.30). An effect of the duration of the inclusion period was observed (p=0.0114), with a higher prevalence of hMPV in studies conducted during periods of 7-11 months (10.56%, 95% CI 5.97-16.27) or complete years (7.55%, 95% CI 5.90-9.38) than in periods of 6 months or less (5.36%, 95% CI 4.29-6.54). A significant increase in the incidence with increasing distance from the equator was observed (p=0.0384). hMPV should be taken into account as a possible etiology in hospitalized ARI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Lefebvre
- Epidemiology and infection control unit, Dijon University Hospital, France.
| | | | | | - Rachid Abbas
- Epidemiology and infection control unit, Dijon University Hospital, France
| | - Isabelle Fournel
- Epidemiology and infection control unit, Dijon University Hospital, France
| | - Michel Tiv
- Epidemiology and infection control unit, Dijon University Hospital, France
| | | | - Karine Astruc
- Epidemiology and infection control unit, Dijon University Hospital, France
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Parsania M, Poopak B, Pouriayevali MH, Haghighi S, Amirkhani A, Nateghian A. Detection of Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Among Hospitalized Young Children in Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e32974. [PMID: 27226877 PMCID: PMC4877467 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.32974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory infection plays an important role in hospitalization of children in developing countries; detection of viral causes in such infections is very important. The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common etiological agent of viral lower respiratory tract infection in children, and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is associated with both upper and lower respiratory tract infections among infants and children. Objectives This study evaluated the frequency and seasonal prevalence of hMPV and RSV in hospitalized children under the age of five, who were admitted to Aliasghar children’s hospital of Iran University of Medical Sciences from March 2010 until March 2013. Patients and Methods Nasopharyngeal or throat swabs from 158 hospitalized children with fever and respiratory distress were evaluated for RSV and hMPV RNA by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results Among the 158 children evaluated in this study, 49 individuals (31.1%) had RSV infection while nine individuals (5.7%) had hMPV infection. Five (55.5%) of the hMPV-infected children were male while four (44.5%) were female and 27 (55.2%) of the RSV-infected patients were females and 22 (44.8%) were males. The RSV infections were detected in mainly < one year old children and hMPV infections were detected mainly in > one year old children. Both RSV and hMPV infections had occurred mainly during winter and spring seasons. Conclusions Respiratory syncytial virus was the major cause of acute respiratory infection in children under one-year of age while human metapneumovirus had a low prevalence in this group. The seasonal occurrence of both viruses was the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Parsania
- Department of Microbiology, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Behzad Poopak
- Department of Hematology, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Sama Haghighi
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Aref Amirkhani
- Department of Epidemiology, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Alireza Nateghian
- Department of Pediatrics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Alireza Nateghian, Department of Pediatrics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2122220041, Fax: +98-2122220063, E-mail:
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A comparison of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus WHO-defined severe pneumonia in Moroccan children. Epidemiol Infect 2015; 144:516-26. [PMID: 26143933 DOI: 10.1017/s095026881500151x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections remain the principal cause of morbidity and mortality in Moroccan children. Besides bacterial infections, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) are prominent among other viruses due to their high prevalence and association with severe clinical episodes. We aimed to describe and compare RSV- and hMPV-associated cases of WHO-defined severe pneumonia in a paediatric population admitted to Morocco's reference hospital. Children aged 2-59 months admitted to the Hôpital d'Enfants de Rabat, Morocco meeting WHO-defined severe pneumonia criteria were recruited during 14 months and thoroughly investigated to ascertain a definitive diagnosis. Viral prevalence of RSV, hMPV and other viruses causing respiratory symptoms was investigated in nasopharyngeal aspirate samples through the use of molecular methods. Of the 683 children recruited and included in the final analysis, 61/683 (8·9%) and 124/683 (18·2%) were infected with hMPV and RSV, respectively. Besides a borderline significant tendency for higher age in hMPV cases, patients infected with either of the viruses behaved similarly in terms of demographics, patient history, past morbidity and comorbidity, vaccination history, socioeconomic background and family environment. Clinical presentation on arrival was also similar for both viruses, but hMPV cases were associated with more severity than RSV cases, had a higher risk of intensive care need, and received antibiotic treatment more frequently. RSV and hMPV are common and potentially life-threatening causes of WHO-defined pneumonia in Moroccan children. Both viruses show indistinctive clinical symptomatology, but in Moroccan children, hMPV was associated with a more severe evolution.
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