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Chen L, Yuan W, Geng M, Xu R, Xing Y, Wen B, Wu Y, Ren X, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Song X, Qin Y, Wang R, Jiang J, Dong Z, Liu J, Guo T, Song Z, Wang L, Ma Y, Dong Y, Song Y, Ma J. Differentiated impacts of short-term exposure to fine particulate constituents on infectious diseases in 507 cities of Chinese children and adolescents: A nationwide time-stratified case-crossover study from 2008 to 2021. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172299. [PMID: 38614340 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
This study assesses the association of short-term exposure to PM2.5 (particles ≤2.5 μm) on infectious diseases among Chinese children and adolescents. Analyzing data from 507 cities (2008-2021) on 42 diseases, it focuses on PM2.5 components (black carbon (BC), ammonium (NH4+), inorganic nitrate (NO3-), organic matter (OM), and sulfate (SO42-)). PM2.5 constituents significantly associated with incidence. Sulfate showed the most substantial effect, increasing all-cause infectious disease risk by 2.72 % per interquartile range (IQR) increase. It was followed by BC (2.04 % increase), OM (1.70 %), NO3- (1.67 %), and NH4+ (0.79 %). Specifically, sulfate and BC had pronounced impacts on respiratory diseases, with sulfate linked to a 10.73 % increase in seasonal influenza risk and NO3- to a 16.39 % rise in tuberculosis. Exposure to PM2.5 also marginally increased risks for gastrointestinal, enterovirus, and vectorborne diseases like dengue (7.46 % increase with SO42-). Sexually transmitted and bloodborne diseases saw an approximate 6.26 % increase in incidence, with specific constituents linked to diseases like hepatitis C and syphilis. The study concludes that managing PM2.5 levels could substantially reduce infectious disease incidence, particularly in China's middle-northern regions. It highlights the necessity of stringent air quality standards and targeted disease prevention, aligning PM2.5 management with international guidelines for public health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China; UNESCO Chair on Global Health and Education of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mengjie Geng
- Division of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Rongbin Xu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Yi Xing
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bo Wen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Yao Wu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Xiang Ren
- Division of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Division of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinli Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Qin
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - RuoLin Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianuo Jiang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ziqi Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tongjun Guo
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiying Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Division of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yinghua Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China; UNESCO Chair on Global Health and Education of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China; UNESCO Chair on Global Health and Education of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yi Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China; UNESCO Chair on Global Health and Education of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China; UNESCO Chair on Global Health and Education of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Zheng T, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Chen S, Jiang J, Chen S. PM2.5 Causes Increased Bacterial Invasion by Affecting HBD1 Expression in the Lung. J Immunol Res 2024; 2024:6622950. [PMID: 38314088 PMCID: PMC10838202 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6622950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Our research addresses the critical environmental issue of a fine particulate matter (PM2.5), focusing on its association with the increased infection risks. We explored the influence of PM2.5 on human beta-defensin 1 (HBD1), an essential peptide in mucosal immunity found in the airway epithelium. Using C57BL/6J mice and human bronchial epithelial cells (HBE), we examined the effects of PM2.5 exposure followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infection on HBD1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. The study revealed that PM2.5's toxicity to epithelial cells and animals varies with time and concentration. Notably, HBE cells exposed to PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa showed increased bacterial invasion and decreased HBD1 expression compared to the cells exposed to P. aeruginosa alone. Similarly, mice studies indicated that combined exposure to PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa significantly reduced survival rates and increased bacterial invasion. These harmful effects, however, were alleviated by administering exogenous HBD1. Furthermore, our findings highlight the activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways following PM2.5 exposure. Inhibiting these pathways effectively increased HBD1 expression and diminished bacterial invasion. In summary, our study establishes that PM2.5 exposure intensifies P. aeruginosa invasion in both HBE cells and mouse models, primarily by suppressing HBD1 expression. This effect can be counteracted with exogenous HBD1, with the downregulation mechanism involving the MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Our study endeavors to elucidate the pathogenesis of lung infections associated with PM2.5 exposure, providing a novel theoretical basis for the development of prevention and treatment strategies, with substantial clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyang Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjun Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujing Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Chen Z, Liu Y, Yue H, Chen J, Hu X, Zhou L, Liang B, Lin G, Qin P, Feng W, Wang D, Wu D. The role of meteorological factors on influenza incidence among children in Guangzhou China, 2019-2022. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1268073. [PMID: 38259781 PMCID: PMC10800649 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1268073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of influenza cases among children aged 0-17 years in Guangzhou from 2019 to 2022. Assessing the relationships between multiple meteorological factors and influenza, improving the early warning systems for influenza, and providing a scientific basis for influenza prevention and control measures. Methods The influenza data were obtained from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Meteorological data were provided by Guangdong Meteorological Service. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relevance between meteorological factors and the number of influenza cases. Distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM) were used to explore the effects of meteorological factors on influenza incidence. Results The relationship between mean temperature, rainfall, sunshine hours, and influenza cases presented a wavy pattern. The correlation between relative humidity and influenza cases was illustrated by a U-shaped curve. When the temperature dropped below 13°C, Relative risk (RR) increased sharply with decreasing temperature, peaking at 5.7°C with an RR of 83.78 (95% CI: 25.52, 275.09). The RR was increased when the relative humidity was below 66% or above 79%, and the highest RR was 7.50 (95% CI: 22.92, 19.25) at 99%. The RR was increased exponentially when the rainfall exceeded 1,625 mm, reaching a maximum value of 2566.29 (95% CI: 21.85, 3558574.07) at the highest rainfall levels. Both low and high sunshine hours were associated with reduced incidence of influenza, and the lowest RR was 0.20 (95% CI: 20.08, 0.49) at 9.4 h. No significant difference of the meteorological factors on influenza was observed between males and females. The impacts of cumulative extreme low temperature and low relative humidity on influenza among children aged 0-3 presented protective effects and the 0-3 years group had the lowest RRs of cumulative extreme high relative humidity and rainfall. The highest RRs of cumulative extreme effect of all meteorological factors (expect sunshine hours) were observed in the 7-12 years group. Conclusion Temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and sunshine hours can be used as important predictors of influenza in children to improve the early warning system of influenza. Extreme weather reduces the risk of influenza in the age group of 0-3 years, but significantly increases the risk for those aged 7-12 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Chen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University and Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Yue
- Guangzhou Meteorological Observatory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinbin Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangzhi Hu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University and Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boheng Liang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University and Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guozhen Lin
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University and Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengzhe Qin
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University and Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenru Feng
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University and Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dedong Wang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University and Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Wu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University and Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
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Yin Y, Lai M, Zhou S, Chen Z, Jiang X, Wang L, Li Z, Peng Z. Effects and interaction of temperature and relative humidity on the trend of influenza prevalence: A multi-central study based on 30 provinces in mainland China from 2013 to 2018. Infect Dis Model 2023; 8:822-831. [PMID: 37496828 PMCID: PMC10366480 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence is inefficient about how meteorological factors influence the trends of influenza transmission in different regions of China. Methods We estimated the time-varying reproduction number (Rt) of influenza and explored the impact of temperature and relative humidity on Rt using generalized additive quasi-Poisson regression models combined with the distribution lag non-linear model (DLNM). The effect of temperature and humidity interaction on Rt of influenza was explored. The multiple random-meta analysis was used to evaluate region-specific association. The excess risk (ER) index was defined to investigate the correlation between Rt and each meteorological factor with the modification of seasonal and regional characteristics. Results Low temperature and low relative humidity contributed to influenza epidemics on the national level, while shapes of merged cumulative effect plots were different across regions. Compared to that of median temperature, the merged RR (95%CI) of low temperature in northern and southern regions were 1.40(1.24,1.45) and 1.20 (1.14,1.27), respectively, while those of high temperature were 1.10(1.03,1.17) and 1.00 (0.95,1.04), respectively. There were negative interactions between temperature and relative humidity on national (SI = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.57-0.61), southern (SI = 0.49, 95%CI: 0.17-0.80), and northern regions (SI = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.56,0.62). In general, with the increase of the change of the two meteorological factors, the ER of Rt also gradually increased. Conclusions Temperature and relative humidity have an effect on the influenza epidemics in China, and there is an interaction between the two meteorological factors, but the effect of each factor is heterogeneous among regions. Meteorological factors may be considered to predict the trend of influenza epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yin
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Miao Lai
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Sijia Zhou
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ziying Chen
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Division of Infectious Disease/Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjie Li
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihang Peng
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
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Yang Y, Lian J, Jia X, Wang T, Fan J, Yang C, Wang Y, Bao J. Spatial distribution and driving factors of the associations between temperature and influenza-like illness in the United States: a time-stratified case-crossover study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1403. [PMID: 37474889 PMCID: PMC10360314 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several previous studies investigated the associations between temperature and influenza in a single city or region without a national picture. The attributable risk of influenza due to temperature and the corresponding driving factors were unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution characteristics of attributable risk of Influenza-like illness (ILI) caused by adverse temperatures and explore the related driving factors in the United States. METHODS ILI, meteorological factors, and PM2.5 of 48 states in the United States were collected during 2011-2019. The time-stratified case-crossover design with a distributed lag non-linear model was carried out to evaluate the association between temperature and ILI at the state level. The multivariate meta-analysis was performed to obtain the combined effects at the national level. The attributable fraction (AF) was calculated to assess the ILI burden ascribed to adverse temperatures. The ordinary least square model (OLS), spatial lag model (SLM), and spatial error model (SEM) were utilized to identify driving factors. RESULTS A total of 7,716,115 ILI cases were included in this study. Overall, the temperature was negatively associated with ILI risk, and lower temperature gave rise to a higher risk of ILI. AF ascribed to adverse temperatures differed across states, from 49.44% (95% eCI: 36.47% ~ 58.68%) in Montana to 6.51% (95% eCI: -6.49% ~ 16.46%) in Wisconsin. At the national level, 29.08% (95% eCI: 27.60% ~ 30.24%) of ILI was attributable to cold. Per 10,000 dollars increase in per-capita income was associated with the increment in AF (OLS: β = -6.110, P = 0.021; SLM: β = -5.496, P = 0.022; SEM: β = -6.150, P = 0.022). CONCLUSION The cold could enhance the risk of ILI and result in a considerable proportion of ILI disease burden. The ILI burden attributed to cold varied across states and was higher in those states with lower economic status. Targeted prevention programs should be considered to lower the burden of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Jiao Lian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiaocan Jia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Tianrun Wang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jingwen Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Chaojun Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Junzhe Bao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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Yuan Q, Zhang H. Identification of differentially expressed genes and pathways in BEAS-2B cells upon long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM 2.5) from biomass combustion using bioinformatics analysis. Environ Health Prev Med 2023; 28:51. [PMID: 37722877 PMCID: PMC10519835 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.22-00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to PM2.5 from burning domestic substances has been linked to an increased risk of lung disease, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study is to explore the hub genes and pathways involved in PM2.5 toxicity in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. METHODS The GSE158954 dataset is downloaded from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using the limma package in RStudio (version 4.2.1). In addition, DEGs analysis was performed by Gene Ontology (GO) functional analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, MCODE plug-in and the cytoHubba plug-in in Cytoscape software was used to identify the hub genes. Finally, CytoHubba and DEGs were used to integrate the hub genes, and preliminary validation was performed by comparing the toxicology genomics database (CTD). Differential immune cell infiltration was investigated using the CIBERSORT algorithm. RESULTS A total of 135 DEGs were identified, of which 57 were up-regulated and 78 were down-regulated. Functional enrichment analyses in the GO and KEGG indicated the potential involvement of DEGs was mainly enriched in the regulation of endopeptidase activity and influenza A. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed that Chemical Carcinogenesis - DNA adducts were remarkably enriched in PM2.5 groups. 53 nodes and 198 edges composed the PPI network. Besides, 5 direct-acting genes were filtered at the intersection of cytohubba plug-in, MCODE plug-in and CTD database. There is a decreasing trend of dendritic cells resting after BEAS-2B cells long-term exposure to PM2.5. CONCLUSIONS The identified DEGs, modules, pathways, and hub genes provide clues and shed light on the potential molecular mechanisms of BEAS-2B cells upon long-term exposure to PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yuan
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dongguan, 523120, China
| | - Haiqiao Zhang
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dongguan, 523120, China
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Lin S, Rui J, Xie F, Zhan M, Chen Q, Zhao B, Zhu Y, Li Z, Deng B, Yu S, Li A, Ke Y, Zeng W, Su Y, Chiang YC, Chen T. Assessing the Impacts of Meteorological Factors on COVID-19 Pandemic Using Generalized Estimating Equations. Front Public Health 2022; 10:920312. [PMID: 35844849 PMCID: PMC9284004 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.920312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meteorological factors have been proven to affect pathogens; both the transmission routes and other intermediate. Many studies have worked on assessing how those meteorological factors would influence the transmissibility of COVID-19. In this study, we used generalized estimating equations to evaluate the impact of meteorological factors on Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by using three outcome variables, which are transmissibility, incidence rate, and the number of reported cases. Methods In this study, the data on the daily number of new cases and deaths of COVID-19 in 30 provinces and cities nationwide were obtained from the provincial and municipal health committees, while the data from 682 conventional weather stations in the selected provinces and cities were obtained from the website of the China Meteorological Administration. We built a Susceptible-Exposed-Symptomatic-Asymptomatic-Recovered/Removed (SEIAR) model to fit the data, then we calculated the transmissibility of COVID-19 using an indicator of the effective reproduction number (Reff ). To quantify the different impacts of meteorological factors on several outcome variables including transmissibility, incidence rate, and the number of reported cases of COVID-19, we collected panel data and used generalized estimating equations. We also explored whether there is a lag effect and the different times of meteorological factors on the three outcome variables. Results Precipitation and wind speed had a negative effect on transmissibility, incidence rate, and the number of reported cases, while humidity had a positive effect on them. The higher the temperature, the lower the transmissibility. The temperature had a lag effect on the incidence rate, while the remaining five meteorological factors had immediate and lag effects on the incidence rate and the number of reported cases. Conclusion Meteorological factors had similar effects on incidence rate and number of reported cases, but different effects on transmissibility. Temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, sunshine hours, and wind speed had immediate and lag effects on transmissibility, but with different lag times. An increase in temperature may first cause a decrease in virus transmissibility and then lead to a decrease in incidence rate. Also, the mechanism of the role of meteorological factors in the process of transmissibility to incidence rate needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Lin
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jia Rui
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Cirad, UMR 17, Intertryp, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Fang Xie
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meirong Zhan
- Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiuping Chen
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Cirad, UMR 17, Intertryp, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bin Zhao
- Clinical Medical Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuanzhao Zhu
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhuoyang Li
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bin Deng
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - An Li
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanshu Ke
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenwen Zeng
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanhua Su
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi-Chen Chiang
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tianmu Chen
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Pei C, Wang F, Huang D, Shi S, Wang X, Wang Y, Li S, Wu Y, Wang Z. Astragaloside IV Protects from PM2.5-Induced Lung Injury by Regulating Autophagy via Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling in vivo and in vitro. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:4707-4721. [PMID: 34557015 PMCID: PMC8453246 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s312167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prolonged exposure to air polluted with airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can increase respiratory disease risk. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is one of the main bioactive substances in the traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Astragalus membranaceus Bunge. AS-IV has numerous pharmacological properties; whereas there are few reports on the prevention of PM2.5-induced lung injury by AS-IV through modulation of the autophagic pathway. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and the underlying mechanisms of AS-IV in PM2.5-induced lung injury rats and rat alveolar macrophages (NR8383 cells). Methods The pneumotoxicity model was established by intratracheal injection of PM2.5 in rats, and PM2.5 challenge in NR8383 cells. The severity of lung injury was evaluated by wet weight to dry weight ratio and McGuigan pathology scoring. Inflammatory factors and oxidative stress were detected through ELISA. The expressions of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR proteins were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect autophagosomes. The expressions of autophagy marker protein (LC3B and p62), PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and NF-κB translocation were detected by Western blot in lung tissue and NR8383 cells. Results After PM2.5 stimulation, rats showed severe inflammation and oxidative stress, along with inhibition of autophagy in lung tissue. AS-IV not only decreased pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B translocation, but also regulated autophagy by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. After treatment with 3-methyladenine (a classic PI3K inhibitor, blocking the formation of autophagosomes), the protective effect of AS-IV on PM2.5-induced lung injury was further strengthened. In parallel, using Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrated that AS-IV restore autophagic flux mainly through regulating the degradation of autophagosomes rather than suppressing the formation in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion Our data indicated that AS-IV protects from PM2.5-induced lung injury in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to regulate autophagy and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Pei
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Demei Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihua Shi
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilan Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuiqin Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongcan Wu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
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9
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Mohammad KN, Chan EYY, Lau SYF, Lam HCY, Goggins WB, Chong KC. Relationship between acute kidney injury, seasonal influenza, and environmental factors: A 14-year retrospective analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 153:106521. [PMID: 33819723 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite high incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) among patients hospitalised for influenza, no previous work has attempted to analyse and quantify the association between the two. Herein, we made use of Hong Kong's surveillance data to evaluate the time-varying relationship between seasonal influenza and risk of AKI with adjustment for potential environmental covariates. Generalized additive model was used in conjunction with distributed-lag non-linear model to estimate the association of interest with daily AKI admissions as outcome and daily influenza admissions as predictor, while controlling for environmental variables (i.e. temperature, relative humidity, total rainfall, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone). Results suggested a positive association between risk of AKI admission and number of influenza hospitalisation cases, with relative risk reaching 1.12 (95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.15) at the 95th percentile. Using median as reference, an almost U-shaped association between risk of AKI admission and temperature was observed; the risk increased significantly when the temperature was low. While ozone was not shown to be a risk factor for AKI, moderate-to-high levels of nitrogen dioxide (50-95th percentile) were significantly associated with increased risk of AKI admission. This study mentioned the possibility that AKI hospitalisations are subject to environmental influences and offered support for a positive association between seasonal influenza and AKI occurrence in Hong Kong. Authorities are urged to extend the influenza vaccination program to individuals with pre-existing renal conditions to safeguard the health of the vulnerable. Given that adverse health effects are evident at current ambient levels of nitrogen dioxide, the government is recommended to adopt clean-air policies at the earliest opportunity to protect the health of the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirran N Mohammad
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Emily Ying Yang Chan
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Steven Yuk-Fai Lau
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Holly Ching Yu Lam
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - William Bernard Goggins
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Chun Chong
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Health System and Policy Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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10
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Lau SY, Cheng W, Yu Z, Mohammad KN, Wang MH, Zee BC, Li X, Chong KC, Chen E. Independent association between meteorological factors, PM2.5, and seasonal influenza activity in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2021; 15:513-520. [PMID: 33342077 PMCID: PMC8189232 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to variations in climatic conditions, the effects of meteorological factors and PM2.5 on influenza activity, particularly in subtropical regions, vary in existing literature. In this study, we examined the relationship between influenza activity, meteorological parameters, and PM2.5 . METHODS A total of 20 165 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, were documented in our dataset and aggregated into weekly counts for downstream analysis. We employed a combination of the quasi-Poisson-generalized additive model and the distributed lag non-linear model to examine the relationship of interest, controlling for long-term trends, seasonal trends, and holidays. RESULTS A hockey-stick association was found between absolute humidity and the risk of influenza infections. The overall cumulative adjusted relative risk (ARR) was statistically significant when weekly mean absolute humidity was low (<10 µg/m3 ) and high (>17.5 µg/m3 ). A slightly higher ARR was observed when weekly mean temperature reached over 30.5°C. A statistically significantly higher ARR was observed when weekly mean relative humidity dropped below 67%. ARR increased statistically significantly with increasing rainfall. For PM2.5 , the ARR was marginally statistically insignificant. In brief, high temperature, wet and dry conditions, and heavy rainfall were the major risk factors associated with a higher risk of influenza infections. CONCLUSIONS The present study contributes additional knowledge to the understanding of the effects of various environmental factors on influenza activities. Our findings shall be useful and important for the development of influenza surveillance and early warning systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Yuk‐Fai Lau
- School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Wei Cheng
- Zhejiang Province Centre for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhouChina
| | - Zhao Yu
- Zhejiang Province Centre for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhouChina
| | - Kirran N. Mohammad
- School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Maggie Haitian Wang
- School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Clinical Trials and Biostatistics LaboratoryShenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Benny Chung‐Ying Zee
- School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Clinical Trials and Biostatistics LaboratoryShenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Xi Li
- School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Ka Chun Chong
- School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Clinical Trials and Biostatistics LaboratoryShenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Centre for Health Systems and Policy ResearchThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Enfu Chen
- Zhejiang Province Centre for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhouChina
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