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Barreto Bellusci H, Gervasoni LF, Peixoto IC, De Oliveira LB, de Oliveira Vieira KC, Toledo ACCG, de Oliveira CBS, Mareco EA, Naga RM, Cataneli VP, Nai GA, Winkelströter LK. Local anesthetics as a tool for Staphylococcus spp. control: a systematic review. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1427-1435. [PMID: 38386261 PMCID: PMC11153409 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to carry out a systematic review on the effectiveness of local anesthetics as antimicrobial agents against Staphylococcus spp. Searches were performed in the PubMed, Web of science, Scopus, Embase and Lilacs databases. As inclusion criteria, complete original articles, with in vitro experimental tests with the application of selected anesthetics and bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus spp. This review followed the methodological checklist for writing papers reporting systematic reviews by the PRISMA statement. The risk of bias was assessed according to the JBI critical appraisal checklist. Analysis was performed using an anesthetic-moderated simple linear regression model. This systematic review was registered by the Open Science Framework-OSF ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/C5JM7 ). Initially, 1141 articles were found, of which, after careful selection, 52 articles were analyzed. Lidocaine was the most commonly used anesthetic, being evaluated in 35 of the articles. S. aureus ATCC 25923 was the standard microorganism in 17 articles. The impact of the anesthetic concentration in relation to the antimicrobial effect was evaluated and the results showed that there was no statistically significant difference. (F [5, 12] = 0.688 p = 0.642), even when taking into account the moderator effect of anesthetics individually. Therefore, although the antimicrobial effect of local anesthetics was demonstrated in 82.7% of the studies evaluated, great heterogeneity of the results was found, which made it impossible to carry out a meta-analysis and make recommendations based on the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Barreto Bellusci
- Mestrado Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Oeste Paulista/UNOESTE, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | - Letícia Franco Gervasoni
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Oeste Paulista/UNOESTE, Rua José Bongiovani, 700, Cidade Universitária, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | - Inaiá Calegari Peixoto
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Oeste Paulista/UNOESTE, Rua José Bongiovani, 700, Cidade Universitária, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | - Lívia Batista De Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Oeste Paulista/UNOESTE, Rua José Bongiovani, 700, Cidade Universitária, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Ana Clara Campagnolo Goncalves Toledo
- Mestrado Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Oeste Paulista/UNOESTE, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Oeste Paulista/UNOESTE, Rua José Bongiovani, 700, Cidade Universitária, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | - Crystian Bitencourt Soares de Oliveira
- Mestrado Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Oeste Paulista/UNOESTE, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Oeste Paulista/UNOESTE, Rua José Bongiovani, 700, Cidade Universitária, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | - Edson Assunção Mareco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Meio Ambiente E Desenvolvimento Regional, Universidade Do Oeste Paulista/UNOESTE, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | - Raju Maddela Naga
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador
| | - Valeria Pereira Cataneli
- Mestrado Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Oeste Paulista/UNOESTE, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Oeste Paulista/UNOESTE, Rua José Bongiovani, 700, Cidade Universitária, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | - Gisele Alborgheti Nai
- Mestrado Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Oeste Paulista/UNOESTE, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Oeste Paulista/UNOESTE, Rua José Bongiovani, 700, Cidade Universitária, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência Animal, Universidade Do Oeste Paulista/UNOESTE, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | - Lizziane Kretli Winkelströter
- Mestrado Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Oeste Paulista/UNOESTE, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil.
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Oeste Paulista/UNOESTE, Rua José Bongiovani, 700, Cidade Universitária, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência Animal, Universidade Do Oeste Paulista/UNOESTE, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil.
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Kesici U, Karatepe YK, Mazlum AF, Bozali K, Genç MS, Ercan LD, Duman MG, Sade AG, Güler EM, Kesici S. Effect of pre-incisional and peritoneal local anesthetics administration on colon anastomosis and wound healing. ULUS TRAVMA ACIL CER 2024; 30:316-322. [PMID: 38738675 PMCID: PMC11154069 DOI: 10.14744/tjtes.2024.39551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has shown that levobupivacaine is as effective as bupivacaine but carries a lower risk of cardiac and central nervous system toxicity. This study explores whether levobupivacaine and bupivacaine are preferable for all patients, includ-ing those with comorbidities, particularly focusing on their effects on colonic anastomosis. The primary objective is to examine the influence of levobupivacaine and bupivacaine on colonic anastomosis. Additionally, the study will assess their impact on wound healing and their anti-adhesive properties. METHODS Conducted between July 28, 2022, to August 4, 2022, at the Hamidiye Animal Experiments Laboratory, this study was approved by the University Science Health, Hamidiye Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee. This study was conducted using 21 male Sprague rats aged 16-20 weeks. The rats were allocated into three equal groups of seven each: Group C: pre-incisional isotonic; Group B: pre-incisional bupivacaine; and Group L: pre-incisional levobupivacaine. Macroscopic adhesion scores (MAS) were recorded during laparotomy and tissue samples were taken for histopathological examination and hydroxyproline levels measurement. Wound tensile strength along the middle incision line and anastomotic burst pressure were also assessed. RESULTS MAS was statistically significantly lower in Groups B and L compared to Group C (p<0.001). The wound histopathology score (WHS) was significantly higher in Group L than in Group B (p=0.021). Colon histopathology scores (CHSs) were also signifi-cantly higher in Group L compared to Group C (p=0.011). CONCLUSION TThe study found that bupivacaine and levobupivacaine did not significantly enhance wound healing, although le-vobupivacaine significantly improved WHS relative to bupivacaine. According to the findings of this study, levobupivacaine can enhance clinical practice by being used in patients undergoing colon anastomosis. It contributes significantly to the durability of colon anasto-mosis, has a more positive effect on wound healing compared to bupivacaine, and exhibits anti-adhesive properties. Additional clinical trials are necessary to validate these results further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uğur Kesici
- Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu, Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul- Türkiye
| | - Yahya Kaan Karatepe
- Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Sultan II. Abdulhamid Han, Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul- Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Furkan Mazlum
- Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Sultan II. Abdulhamid Han, Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul- Türkiye
| | - Kubra Bozali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Haydarpasa Numune, Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul- Türkiye
| | - Mahmut Salih Genç
- Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Sultan II. Abdulhamid Han, Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul- Türkiye
| | - Leman Damla Ercan
- Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Sultan II. Abdulhamid Han, Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul- Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Güray Duman
- Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu, Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul- Türkiye
| | - Ayşe Gökçen Sade
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Sultan II. Abdulhamid Han, Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul- Türkiye
| | - Eray Metin Güler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Haydarpasa Numune, Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul- Türkiye
| | - Sevgi Kesici
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Etfal, Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul- Türkiye
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Beurel E. Stress in the microbiome-immune crosstalk. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2327409. [PMID: 38488630 PMCID: PMC10950285 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2327409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota exerts a mutualistic interaction with the host in a fragile ecosystem and the host intestinal, neural, and immune cells. Perturbations of the gastrointestinal track composition after stress have profound consequences on the central nervous system and the immune system. Reciprocally, brain signals after stress affect the gut microbiota highlighting the bidirectional communication between the brain and the gut. Here, we focus on the potential role of inflammation in mediating stress-induced gut-brain changes and discuss the impact of several immune cells and inflammatory molecules of the gut-brain dialogue after stress. Understanding the impact of microbial changes on the immune system after stress might provide new avenues for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Beurel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Dehariya P, Agarwal N, Yadav SK, Agarwal P, Sharma D. Impact of Topical Epinephrine with Xylocaine on Drainage After Axillary Lymph Node Dissection: A Randomized Controlled Trial. World J Surg 2023; 47:2761-2766. [PMID: 37581639 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-023-07139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We evaluated the impact of topical epinephrine with xylocaine on drainage after axillary lymph node dissection. METHODS Fifty-two women were randomized into two groups, epinephrine with xylocaine drainage (ED) and conventional drainage group (CD). The amount of drainage, duration of drainage catheter, incidence of seroma formation and wound infection were noted. RESULTS The mean total drainage volume was less in ED group as compared to CD group (195 ml vs. 353 ml; p = .002). Drainage catheter was removed earlier in ED group as compared to CD group (5.07 + / - 0.99 days vs. 6.65 + / - 1.07 days; p = 0.0001). The incidence of seroma and wound infection was similar in two groups. CONCLUSION Topical epinephrine with xylocaine after axillary lymph node dissection results in significantly decreased drainage volume and duration of drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Dehariya
- Department of Surgery, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482003, India
| | - Namrata Agarwal
- Department of Surgery, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482003, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Yadav
- Department of Surgery, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482003, India.
| | - Pawan Agarwal
- Department of Surgery, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482003, India
| | - Dhananjaya Sharma
- Department of Surgery, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482003, India
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Berwick D, Young L, Lee A, Lancaster D, Dheansa B. Local Anaesthesia for Enzymatic Debridement of Cutaneous Burns: A Prospective Analysis of 27 Cases. ANNALS OF BURNS AND FIRE DISASTERS 2023; 36:74-78. [PMID: 38680904 PMCID: PMC11044729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Enzymatic debridement (ED) is increasingly used for cutaneous burns. Compared with surgical debridement, ED has better preservation of viable dermis, less blood loss and autografting, however ED is painful. Current recommendations suggest local anaesthesia (LA) is useful for minor burns, but the evidence base is minimal. In our centre, we routinely use LA with good analgesic effect. This study was a single-centre, prospective analysis conducted at the Queen Victoria Hospital (UK). Patients had at least superficial partial thickness burns and received subcutaneous LA prior to ED during a 1-year period (October 2019-September 2020). Pain was assessed using a numeric scale of 1-10, recorded before, during and after the procedure. In total, 27 patients were included (n=17 males) with a median age of 47 (18-88 years). The mean total burn surface area was 1.5% (0.3-5.0). Treated sites included head and neck (1), trunk (5), upper limb (9) and lower limb (16). The most used LAwas bupivacaine 0.25% (n=25), followed by lidocaine 1% (n=2). Some required additional oral analgesia (n=8) or a regional blockade (n=2). Average pain score during debridement was 1.9 We have found LA effective, with favourable pain scores in comparison to previous studies with oral analgesia or regional blockade. LA is quick and easy to perform, as opposed to nerve blocks, which require trained personnel with ultrasound guidance. LA is a useful analgesic for patients with minor cutaneous burns undergoing ED. In some cases, it is sufficient without additional oral analgesia or regional blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Berwick
- Burns and Plastic Surgery Department, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Trust, East Grinstead, UK
| | - L. Young
- Burns and Plastic Surgery Department, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Trust, East Grinstead, UK
| | - A. Lee
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - D. Lancaster
- Burns and Plastic Surgery Department, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Trust, East Grinstead, UK
| | - B. Dheansa
- Burns and Plastic Surgery Department, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Trust, East Grinstead, UK
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Seretis K, Boptsi A, Boptsi E, Lykoudis EG. The Efficacy of Wide-Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet (WALANT) in Common Plastic Surgery Operations Performed on the Upper Limbs: A Case-Control Study. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020442. [PMID: 36836799 PMCID: PMC9968130 DOI: 10.3390/life13020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) technique is commonly used in elective hand surgery, whereas its application in plastic surgery is still limited. The aim of the study is to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of WALANT in common plastic surgery operations performed on the upper limbs. METHODS Patients who underwent those operations under WALANT were matched and compared with patients who had general or regional anesthesia without infiltration of a local anesthetic solution. All operations were performed by the same surgeon. Data from 98 operations were collected and analyzed for the total operation time, operation theatre time and complication and patient satisfaction rates. RESULTS All operations under WALANT, mainly skin tumor excision and flap repair or skin grafting and burn escharectomy with or without skin grafting, were completed successfully. No statistical difference in total operation time and complication rates was revealed. Statistical significance favoring WALANT was identified regarding the mean operation theatre time and patient satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS WALANT is an effective method for common plastic surgery operations performed on the upper limbs that is associated with better operation theatre occupancy and high patient satisfaction rates.
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Barroso FD, da Silva LJ, Sá LG, da Silva CR, Neto JB, do Nascimento FB, Queiroz HA, Leitão AC, Cabral VP, Rodrigues DS, Barbosa AD, Cavalcanti BC, Morais MO, Júnior HV. Synergistic activity of dobutamine combined with azoles and its mechanism of action against strains of Candida glabrata. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:437-448. [PMID: 35285249 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To evaluate the antifungal effect of dobutamine against Candida glabrata as well as its synergism with azoles and its action on biofilm. Methods: The M27-A3 protocol and flow cytometry were used for elucidation of the possible mechanism of action. Results: The tested isolates presented MICs ranging from 2 to 32 μg/ml for dobutamine, with fungistatic effect. A total of 82% of the strains showed synergism with fluconazole, with 90% showing synergism with itraconazole. The effect on biofilm formation was nonsignificant. Cytometry tests showed that dobutamine induced mitochondrial depolarization. Conclusion: Dobutamine has an antifungal effect on strains of C. glabrata and synergistic activity with azoles. This effect is probably mediated by increased oxidative damage to the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Dd Barroso
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Lisandra J da Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Lívia Gav Sá
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.,Faculty of Biomedicine, Unichristus University Center, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Cecília R da Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - João Ba Neto
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.,Faculty of Biomedicine, Unichristus University Center, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Francisca Ba do Nascimento
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Helaine A Queiroz
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Amanda C Leitão
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Vitória Pf Cabral
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Daniel S Rodrigues
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Amanda D Barbosa
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Bruno C Cavalcanti
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-276, Brazil
| | - Manoel O Morais
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-276, Brazil
| | - Hélio Vn Júnior
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Demirci M, Yigin A, Demir C. Efficacy of antimicrobial peptide LL-37 against biofilm forming Staphylococcus aureus strains obtained from chronic wound infections. Microb Pathog 2021; 162:105368. [PMID: 34942309 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial peptide LL-37 showed inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus strains, which often responsible for wound infections. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of biofilm-containing wound infections is important. Thus, this study aimed to investigate both the antimicrobial and biofilm efficacy of LL-37 against biofilm-positive methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains and biofilm-positive methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains obtained from chronic wound infections and its effect on different quorum sensing and virulence genes at suboptimal concentrations. Fifteen biofilm-forming MRSA and 15 biofilm-forming MSSA strains were included in this study. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and biofilm formation were tested by microdilution methods. Real-time PCR was performed to determine gene expression levels. MIC values for LL-37 were 89.6 mg/L and 132.3 mg/L for MSSA and MRSA strains, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between MRSA and MSSA strains in terms of the effect of LL-37 on biofilm formation. A statistically significant difference was found between MRSA and MSSA strains for atlA, RNAIII, and agrA gene expression levels following exposure to a suboptimal concentration of LL-37. Ultimately, the required LL-37 antimicrobial concentration was quite high; however, LL-37 antibiofilm concentration may be acceptable for use in humans against biofilm-forming MRSA and MSSA strains. This is the first study to investigate to effect of a suboptimal LL-37 concentration on gene expression levels of biofilm-forming MSSA and MRSA strains. LL-37 affected quorum sensing and biofilm producing mechanisms, even at suboptimal MIC concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Demirci
- Kirklareli University, Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Kirklareli, Turkey.
| | - Akin Yigin
- Harran University, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Genetics, Sanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Cemil Demir
- Mardin Artuklu University, Vocational Higher School of Health Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Mardin, Turkey
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Boukerb AM, Cambronel M, Rodrigues S, Mesguida O, Knowlton R, Feuilloley MGJ, Zommiti M, Connil N. Inter-Kingdom Signaling of Stress Hormones: Sensing, Transport and Modulation of Bacterial Physiology. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:690942. [PMID: 34690943 PMCID: PMC8526972 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.690942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes have coexisted for millions of years. The hormonal communication between microorganisms and their hosts, dubbed inter-kingdom signaling, is a recent field of research. Eukaryotic signals such as hormones, neurotransmitters or immune system molecules have been shown to modulate bacterial physiology. Among them, catecholamines hormones epinephrine/norepinephrine, released during stress and physical effort, or used therapeutically as inotropes have been described to affect bacterial behaviors (i.e., motility, biofilm formation, virulence) of various Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio sp.). More recently, these molecules were also shown to influence the physiology of some Gram-positive bacteria like Enterococcus faecalis. In E. coli and S. enterica, the stress-associated mammalian hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine trigger a signaling cascade by interacting with the QseC histidine sensor kinase protein. No catecholamine sensors have been well described yet in other bacteria. This review aims to provide an up to date report on catecholamine sensors in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, their transport, and known effects on bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Mohamed Boukerb
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
| | - Melyssa Cambronel
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
| | - Sophie Rodrigues
- EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM, Université de Bretagne-Sud, Lorient, France
| | - Ouiza Mesguida
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
| | - Rikki Knowlton
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marc G J Feuilloley
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
| | - Mohamed Zommiti
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
| | - Nathalie Connil
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
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Imran E, Moeen F, Abbas B, Yaqoob B, Wajahat M, Khan Q, Khurshid Z. Comparative Analysis of Different Local Anesthetic Solutions Available in Market: An In Vitro and Clinical Study. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:660-668. [PMID: 34041728 PMCID: PMC8630971 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1727553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to evaluate and compare various commercially available local anesthetic solutions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 150 commercially available local anesthetic cartridges of similar composition (2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000) were randomly collected and divided into 3 groups. The designations of groups were selected from their product names such that each group consisted of 60 cartridges. Group S (Septodont, France) Group M (Medicaine, Korea) and Group H (HD-Caine, Pakistan). The samples were divided into five sub-groups, each consisting of 10 cartridges from each group to investigate each parameter. RESULTS The acquired data was statistically analyzed and compared (using SPSS version 12). Compositional analysis revealed a non-significant (P>0.05) difference when the three Groups were compared with standard lidocaine and epinephrine solutions. The mean pH values of samples from group S, M and H respectively fell within the range of pH values of commercially available solutions. Non-significant difference in EPT values of Group S and H was found when efficacy was compared (p = 0.3), however a significant difference (p < 0.01) was observed in contrast to Group M. Anti-bacterial activity was observed in all the group and a non-significant difference in cell viability values of Group S and M was found (p = 0.6), while the difference was significant in comparison to Group H. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of these investigations, it appears that the properties of different manufacturers fall within the recommended ranges as mentioned in literature and do not appear to be statistically different in the variables we have tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisha Imran
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Moeen
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Beenish Abbas
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bakhtawar Yaqoob
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Wajahat
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Avicenna Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Quratulain Khan
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Shifa College of Dentistry, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
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Kesici S, Demirci M, Kesici U. Antibacterial effects of lidocaine and adrenaline. Int Wound J 2019; 16:1190-1194. [PMID: 31407479 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The most commonly used local anaesthetics (LAs) for postoperative analgesia and surgical anaesthesia are lidocaine and bupivacaine. Adrenaline is a vasopressor agent, which is widely used in anaesthesia for many purposes. This study aims to determine the antibacterial efficacy of lidocaine, mupirocin, adrenaline, and lidocaine + adrenaline combination. In our study, the in vitro antimicrobial effect of 1 mL of sterile saline, 20 mg/mL mupirocin, 20 mg/mL lidocaine, 1 mg/mL adrenaline, and 20 mg/mL lidocaine and adrenaline were tested against Staphylococcus aureus American-type culture collection (ATCC) 29213, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, classified as Group C (control), Group M (mupirocin), Group L (lidocaine), Group A (adrenaline), and Group LA (lidocaine+adrenaline), respectively. S. aureus ATCC 29213, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and E. coli ATCC 25922 were cultured on Mueller-Hinton agar (Oxoid, UK) plates for 18 to 24 hours at 37°C. Colonies from these plates were suspended in sterile saline, and a 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard suspension (corresponding to 1.5 × 108 CFU/mL) of each isolate was prepared. In terms of inhibition zone diameters, S. aureus ATCC 29213 values obtained after 12 and 24 hours of incubation were significantly different between groups (P < .001). According to inhibition zone diameters, Group M > Group LA > Group L > Group C = Group A. P. Aeruginosa ATCC 27853 values obtained after 12 and 24 hours of incubation were significantly different between groups (P < .001). According to inhibition zone diameters, Group M > Group LA > Group L = Group C = Group A. E. coli ATCC 25922 values obtained after 12 and 24 hours of incubation were significantly different between groups (P < .001). According to inhibition zone diameters, Group M > Group LA > Group L > Group C = Group A. It is known that LAs have antimicrobial effect potential in addition to their anaesthetic, analgesic, antiarrhythmic, and anti-inflammatory effects. There are also studies showing the antimicrobial effects of vasopressor agents, which are frequently used, particularly in intensive care unit (ICUs). However, it has been observed in the present study that adrenaline alone did not have any antimicrobial effect. Adrenaline, when used in combination with lidocaine, provides a stronger and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, suggesting that its combined use in proper indications will be clinically significant. Because the prevention and treatment of wound infections make a positive contribution to wound healing, the potential of antimicrobial effect of LAs can provide successful results in the prevention and treatment of ICU and wound infections. Thus, an important contribution can be made in terms of reducing the costs of antibacterial treatment and reducing morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Kesici
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Demirci
- Department of Microbiology, University of Beykent, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ugur Kesici
- University of Beykent, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
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