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de Araújo WS, Bergamini LL, Almeida-Neto M. Global effects of land-use intensity and exotic plants on the structure and phylogenetic signal of plant-herbivore networks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173949. [PMID: 38876343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between plants and herbivorous insects are often phylogenetically structured, with closely related insect species using similar sets of species or lineages of plants, while phylogenetically closer plants tend to share high proportions of their herbivore insect species. Notably, these phylogenetic constraints in plant-herbivore interactions tend to be more pronounced among internal plant-feeding herbivores (i.e., endophages) than among external feeders (i.e., exophages). In the context of growing human-induced habitat conversion and the global proliferation of exotic species, it is crucial to understand how ecological networks respond to land-use intensification and the increasing presence of exotic plants. In this study, we analyzed plant-herbivore network data from various locations of the World to ascertain the degree to which land-use intensity and the prevalence of exotic plants induce predictable changes in their network topology - measured by levels of nestedness and modularity - and phylogenetic structures. Additionally, we investigated whether the intimacy of plant-herbivore interactions, contrasting endophagous with exophagous networks, modulate changes in network structure. Our findings reveal that most plant-herbivore networks are characterized by significant phylogenetic and topological structures. However, neither these structures did not show consistent changes in response to increased levels of land-use intensify. On the other hand, for the networks composed of endophagous herbivores, the level of nestedness was higher in the presence of a high proportion of exotic plants. Additionally, for networks of exophagous herbivores, we observed an increase in the phylogenetic structure of interactions due to exotic host dominance. These results underscore the differential impacts of exotic species and land-use intensity on the phylogenetic and topological structures of plant-herbivore networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Santos de Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG 39401-089, Brazil..
| | - Leonardo Lima Bergamini
- Centro de Estudos Ambientais do Cerrado, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, Brasília, DF 70312-970, Brazil
| | - Mário Almeida-Neto
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74001-970, Brazil
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2
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Li X, Ye F, Xiang H, Hong Y, Wu J, Deng M, Wang Y. Stochastic processes drive the diversity and composition of methanogenic community in a natural mangrove ecosystem. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 195:106373. [PMID: 38266547 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Methanogens are considered to be crucial components of mangrove ecosystems with ecological significance. However, understanding the assembly processes of methanogenic communities in mangrove ecosystems is relatively insufficient. In the current study, a natural mangrove in a protection zone was employed to investigate the diversity and assembly processes of methanogenic community by using amplicon high-throughput sequencing, a null model as well as a neutral community model. The results showed that methanogenic community in mangrove sediments were highly diverse, with the predominance of methylotrophic Methanolobus, and hydrogenotrophic Methanogenium, Methanospirillum. The diversity, composition, and gene abundance varied obviously across the mangrove sampling sites, whereas the measured environmental variables exhibited a negligible effect. Null model showed that the values of beta nearest-taxon index were mostly between -2 and 2, indicating that stochastic processes contributed more than deterministic processes driving the methanogenic community assembly in mangrove sediments. Neutral community model revealed a high estimated migration rate of methanogenic community, further substantiating the significance of stochastic processes. Among the keystone species identified in network analysis, methanogens affiliated to hydrogenotrophic Methanospirillum may have a crucial role in maintaining the structure and function of methanogenic community. Notably, these keystone species were almost unaffected by measured environmental factors, indicating that the methanogenic community in mangrove sediments is more likely to be affected by stochastic processes. This study deepens the understanding of the diversity and assembly of methanogenic community in mangrove sediments, and provides clues to maintain mangrove ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindi Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Hua Xiang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yiguo Hong
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiapeng Wu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Minshi Deng
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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3
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Pinheiro RBP, Felix GMF, Lewinsohn TM. Hierarchical compound topology uncovers complex structure of species interaction networks. J Anim Ecol 2022; 91:2248-2260. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael B. P. Pinheiro
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Gabriel M. F. Felix
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Thomas M. Lewinsohn
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas SP Brazil
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Cogni R, Quental TB, Guimarães PR. Ehrlich and Raven escape and radiate coevolution hypothesis at different levels of organization: Past and future perspectives. Evolution 2022; 76:1108-1123. [PMID: 35262199 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The classic paper by Ehrlich and Raven on coevolution will soon be 60 years old. Although they were not the first to develop the idea of coevolution, their thought-provoking paper certainly popularized this idea and inspired several generations of scientists interested in coevolution. Here, we describe some of their main contributions, quantitatively measure the impact of their seminal paper on different fields of research, and discuss how ideas related to their original paper might push the study of coevolution forward. To guide our discussion, we explore their original hypothesis into three research fields that are associated with distinct scales/levels of organization: (1) the genetic mechanisms underlying coevolutionary interactions; (2) the potential association between coevolutionary diversification and the organization of ecological networks; and (3) the micro- and macroevolutionary mechanisms and expected patterns under their hypothesis. By doing so, we discuss potentially overlooked aspects and future directions for the study of coevolutionary dynamics and diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Cogni
- Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Tiago B Quental
- Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Guimarães
- Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
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5
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Bizzarri L, Baer CS, García-Robledo C. DNA Barcoding Reveals Generalization and Host Overlap in Hummingbird Flower Mites: Implications for the Mating Rendezvous Hypothesis. Am Nat 2022; 199:576-583. [PMID: 35324380 DOI: 10.1086/718474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
AbstractHummingbird flower mites are assumed to monopolize single host plant species owing to sexual selection for unique mating rendezvous sites. We tested the main assumption of the mating rendezvous hypothesis-extreme host specialization-by reconstructing interactions among tropical hummingbird flower mites and their host plants using DNA barcoding and taxonomic identifications. We collected 10,654 mites from 489 flowers. We extracted DNA from 1,928 mite specimens and amplified the cytochrome c oxidase I (CO1) DNA barcode. We analyzed the network structure to assess the degree of generalization or specialization of mites to their host plants. We recorded 18 species of hummingbird flower mites from three genera (Proctolaelaps, Rhinoseius, and Tropicoseius) interacting with 14 species of plants. We found that generalist mites are common, and congeneric mite species often share host plants. Our results challenge the assumption of strict specialization that supports this system as an example of mating rendezvous evolution.
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Lewinsohn TM, Almeida Neto M, Almeida A, Prado PI, Jorge LR. From insect-plant interactions to ecological networks. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2022-1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Since its inception, biodiversity has largely been understood as species diversity and assessed as such. Interactions among species or functional groups are gradually becoming part of an expanded concept of biodiversity. As a case study of the development of a research program in biodiversity, we summarize our multi-decade studies on interactions of Asteraceae and flowerhead-feeding insects in Brazil. Initially, host species were treated as independent replicates in order to assess the local and turnover components of their herbivore diversity. Research then expanded into sampling entire interactive communities of host plants and their associated herbivores in different localities and regions, enabling new research lines to be pursued. Interaction diversity could be assessed and factored into spatial and among-host components, suggesting a new field of interaction geography. Second, host specialization, a key component of interaction diversity, was reframed considering simultaneously relatedness and local availability of plant hosts. Third, with the influence of complex network theory, community-wide species interactions were probed for topological patterns. Having identified the modular structure of these plant-herbivore systems, later we demonstrated that they fit a compound hierarchical topology, in which interactions are nested within large-scale modules. In a brief survey of research funded by Fapesp, especially within the Biota-Fapesp program, we highlight several lines of internationally recognized research on interaction diversity, notably on plant-frugivore and plant-pollinator interactions, together with new theoretical models. The interplay of field studies with new theoretical and analytical approaches has established interaction diversity as an essential component for monitoring, conserving and restoring biodiversity in its broader sense.
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7
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Friedemann P, Côrtes MC, de Castro ER, Galetti M, Jordano P, Guimarães Jr PR. The individual‐based network structure of palm‐seed dispersers is explained by a rainforest gradient. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela Friedemann
- Depto de Ecologia, Inst. de Biociências, Univ. de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marina Corrêa Côrtes
- Depto de Biodiversidade, Inst. de Biociências, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Mauro Galetti
- Depto de Biodiversidade, Inst. de Biociências, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
- Dept of Biology, Univ. of Miami Coral Gables FL USA
| | - Pedro Jordano
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EBD‐CSIC) Seville Spain
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de Alvarenga AMSB, Borges ME, Jorge LR, Varassin IG, Araújo SBL. Consumers' active choice behaviour promotes coevolutionary units in antagonistic networks. J Evol Biol 2021; 35:134-145. [PMID: 34758181 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Individual behaviour and local context can influence the evolution of ecological interactions and how they structure into networks. In trophic interactions, consumers can increase their fitness by actively choosing resources that they are more likely to explore successfully. Mathematical modelling is often employed in theoretical studies to understand the coevolutionary dynamics between consumers and resources. However, they often disregard the individual consumer behaviour since the complexity of these systems usually requires simplifying assumptions about interaction details. Using an individual-based model, we model a community of several species that interact antagonistically. Each individual has a trait (attack or defence) that is explicitly modelled and the probability of the interaction to occur successfully increases with increased trait-matching. In addition, consumers can actively choose resources that guarantee greater fitness. We show that active consumer choice can generate coevolutionary units over time. It means that the traits of both consumers and resources converge into multiple groups with similar traits and the species interactions stay restricted to these groups over time. We also observed that network structure is more dependent on the parameter that delimits active consumer choice than on the intensity of selective pressure. Thus, our results support the idea that consumer active choice behaviour plays an important role in the ecological and evolutionary processes that structure interacting communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leonardo Ré Jorge
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Isabela Galarda Varassin
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Borges Lino Araújo
- Laboratório de Interações Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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9
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Basset Y, Jorge LR, Butterill PT, Lamarre GPA, Dahl C, Ctvrtecka R, Gripenberg S, Lewis OT, Barrios H, Brown JW, Bunyavejchewin S, Butcher BA, Cognato AI, Davies SJ, Kaman O, Klimes P, Knížek M, Miller SE, Morse GE, Novotny V, Pongpattananurak N, Pramual P, Quicke DLJ, Sakchoowong W, Umari R, Vesterinen EJ, Weiblen G, Wright SJ, Segar ST. Host specificity and interaction networks of insects feeding on seeds and fruits in tropical rainforests. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Basset
- ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Inst., Apartado Balboa Ancon Panamá
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Inst. of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Maestria de Entomologia, Univ. de Panamá Panama City Republic of Panama
| | - Leonardo R. Jorge
- Faculty of Science, Univ. of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Inst. of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Philip T. Butterill
- Faculty of Science, Univ. of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Inst. of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Greg P. A. Lamarre
- ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Inst., Apartado Balboa Ancon Panamá
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Inst. of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Chris Dahl
- Faculty of Science, Univ. of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Inst. of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Richard Ctvrtecka
- Faculty of Science, Univ. of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Inst. of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Sofia Gripenberg
- School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Reading Reading Berkshire UK
| | | | - Héctor Barrios
- Maestria de Entomologia, Univ. de Panamá Panama City Republic of Panama
| | - John W. Brown
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Inst. Washington DC USA
| | | | - Buntika A. Butcher
- Dept of Biology, Faculty of Science, Integrative Ecology Laboratory, Chulalongkorn Univ. Phayathai Road Pathumwan Bangkok Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Entomology: Bee Biology, Diversity of Insects and Mites, Chulalongkorn Univ. Pathumwan Bangkok Thailand
| | - Anthony I. Cognato
- Dept of Entomology, Michigan State Univ., Natural Science Bldg. East Lansing MI USA
| | - Stuart J. Davies
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Inst. and National Museum of Natural History Washington USA
| | - Ondrej Kaman
- Faculty of Science, Univ. of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Inst. of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klimes
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Inst. of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Knížek
- Forestry and Game Management Research Inst. Strnady Jíloviště Czech Republic
| | - Scott E. Miller
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Inst. Washington DC USA
| | | | - Vojtech Novotny
- Faculty of Science, Univ. of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Inst. of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | | | - Pairot Pramual
- Dept of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham Univ., Kantharawichai District Maha Sarakham Thailand
| | - Donald L. J. Quicke
- Dept of Biology, Faculty of Science, Integrative Ecology Laboratory, Chulalongkorn Univ. Phayathai Road Pathumwan Bangkok Thailand
| | - Watana Sakchoowong
- Dept of National Parks, Forest Entomology Group, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Praholyothin Road Chatujak Bangkok Thailand
| | - Ruma Umari
- New Guinea Binatang Center Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - Eero J. Vesterinen
- Dept of Biology and Biodiversity Unit, Univ. of Turku Turku Finland
- Dept of Ecology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - George Weiblen
- Bell Museum and Dept of Plant and Microbial Biology, Univ. of Minnesota, Gortner Avenue St. Paul MN USA
| | - S. Joseph Wright
- ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Inst. Balboa Ancon Panamá
| | - Simon T. Segar
- Agriculture and Environment Dept, Harper Adams Univ. Newport Shropshire UK
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10
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Benítez-Malvido J, Rodríguez-Alvarado G, Álvarez-Añorve M, Ávila-Cabadilla LD, del-Val E, Lira-Noriega A, Gregorio-Cipriano R. Antagonistic Interactions Between Fusaria Species and Their Host Plants Are Influenced by Host Taxonomic Distance: A Case Study From Mexico. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.615857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between cultivated and wild plants with their fungal pathogens have strong ecological, evolutionary and economic implications. Antagonistic interactions, however, have been scantily studied in an applied context by using ecological networks, phylogeny and spatial ecology concurrently. In this study, we describe for the first time, the topological structure of plant-fungi networks involving species of the genus Fusarium and their native and introduced (exotic) cultivated host plants in Mexico. For this, we based our study on a recent database describing the attack on 75 native and introduced plant species, including 35 species of the genus Fusarium. Host plant species varied in their degree of phylogenetical relatedness (Monocots and Dicots) and spatial geographical distribution. Therefore, we also tested whether or not plant-Fusarium networks are phylogenetically structured and highlighted the spatial correlation between pathogens and their host plants across the country. In general, the pathogen-plant network is more specialized and compartmentalized in closely related taxa. Closely related hosts are more likely to share the same pathogenic Fusarium species. Host plants are present in different ecosystems and climates, with regions having more cultivated plant species presenting the highest number of fusaria pathogens. From an economic standpoint, different species of the same taxonomic family may be more susceptible to being attacked by the same species of Fusarium, whereas from an ecological standpoint the movement of pathogens may expose wild and cultivated plants to new diseases. Our study highlights the relevance of interaction intimacy in structuring trophic relationships between plants and fusaria species in native and introduced species. Furthermore, we show that the analytical tools regarding host distribution and phylogeny could permit a rapid assessment of which plant species in a region are most likely to be attacked by a given fusaria.
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11
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Pinto‐Coelho D, Martins M, Guimarães Junior PR. Network analyses reveal the role of large snakes in connecting feeding guilds in a species-rich Amazonian snake community. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:6558-6568. [PMID: 34141240 PMCID: PMC8207408 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In ecological communities, interactions between consumers and resources lead to the emergence of ecological networks and a fundamental problem to solve is to understand which factors shape network structure. Empirical and theoretical studies on ecological networks suggest predator body size is a key factor structuring patterns of interaction. Because larger predators consume a wider resource range, including the prey consumed by smaller predators, we hypothesized that variation in body size favors the rise of nestedness. In contrast, if resource consumption requires specific adaptations, predators are expected to consume distinct sets of resources, thus favoring modularity. We investigate these predictions by characterizing the trophic network of a species-rich Amazonian snake community (62 species). Our results revealed an intricate network pattern resulting from larger species feeding on higher diversity of prey and therefore promoting nestedness, whereas snakes with specific lifestyles and feeding on distinct resources, promoting modularity. Species removal simulations indicated that the nested structure is favored mainly by the presence of five species of the family Boidae, which because of their body size and generalist lifestyles connect modules in the network. Our study highlights the particular ways traits affect the structure of interactions among consumers and resources at the community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pinto‐Coelho
- Departamento de EcologiaInstituto de BiociênciasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Marcio Martins
- Departamento de EcologiaInstituto de BiociênciasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
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12
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Maia KP, Marquitti FMD, Vaughan IP, Memmott J, Raimundo RLG. Interaction generalisation and demographic feedbacks drive the resilience of plant-insect networks to extinctions. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:2109-2121. [PMID: 34048028 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the processes driving ecological resilience, that is the extent to which systems retain their structure while absorbing perturbations, is a central challenge for theoretical and applied ecologists. Plant-insect assemblages are well-suited for the study of ecological resilience as they are species-rich and encompass a variety of ecological interactions that correspond to essential ecosystem functions. Mechanisms affecting community response to perturbations depend on both the natural history and structure of ecological interactions. Natural history attributes of the interspecific interactions, for example whether they are mutualistic or antagonistic, may affect the ecological resilience by controlling the demographic feedbacks driving ecological dynamics at the community level. Interaction generalisation may also affect resilience, by defining opportunities for interaction rewiring, the extent to which species are able to switch interactions in fluctuating environments. These natural history attributes may also interact with network structure to affect ecological resilience. Using adaptive network models, we investigated the resilience of plant-pollinator and plant-herbivore networks to species loss. We specifically investigated how fundamental natural history differences between these systems, namely the demographic consequences of the interaction and their level of generalisation-mediating rewiring opportunities-affect the resilience of dynamic ecological networks to extinctions. We also create a general benchmark for the effect of network structure on resilience simulating extinctions on theoretical networks with controlled structures. When network structure was static, pollination networks were less resilient than herbivory networks; this is related to their high levels of nestedness and the reciprocally positive feedbacks that define mutualisms, which made co-extinction cascades more likely and longer in plant-pollinator assemblages. When considering interaction rewiring, the high generalisation and the structure of pollination networks boosted their resilience to extinctions, which approached those of herbivory networks. Simulation results using theoretical networks suggested that the empirical structure of herbivory networks may protect them from collapse. Elucidating the ecological and evolutionary processes driving interaction rewiring is key to understanding the resilience of plant-insect assemblages. Accounting for rewiring requires ecologists to combine natural history with network models that incorporate feedbacks between species abundances, traits and interactions. This combination will elucidate how perturbations propagate at community level, reshaping biodiversity structure and ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate P Maia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ian P Vaughan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jane Memmott
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rafael L G Raimundo
- Department of Engineering and Environment and Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Environmental Monitoring (PPGEMA), Centre for Applied Sciences and Education, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus IV, Rio Tinto, Brazil.,IRIS Research Group, Innovation for Resilience, Inclusion and Sustainability, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus IV, Rio Tinto, Brazil
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13
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Carvalho RL, Anjos DV, Fagundes R, Luna P, Ribeiro SP. Similar topologies of individual‐based plant‐herbivorous networks in forest interior and anthropogenic edges. AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel L Carvalho
- Departamento de Biodiversidade Evolução e Meio Ambiente Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Ouro Preto Minas GeraisC.P. 35400‐000Brazil
- Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia Minas GeraisC.P. 38400‐902Brazil
| | - Diego V Anjos
- Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia Minas GeraisC.P. 38400‐902Brazil
| | - Roberth Fagundes
- Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro‐Brasileira Redenção CearáC.P. 62790‐000Brazil
| | - Pedro Luna
- Red de Ecoetología Instituto de Ecología AC Xalapa VeracruzC.P. 91070Mexico
| | - Sérvio Pontes Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biodiversidade Evolução e Meio Ambiente Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Ouro Preto Minas GeraisC.P. 35400‐000Brazil
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14
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Heavy-weighting rare species in dissimilarity indices improve recovery of multivariate groups. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2021.100925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Guimarães PR. The Structure of Ecological Networks Across Levels of Organization. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-012220-120819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Interactions connect the units of ecological systems, forming networks. Individual-based networks characterize variation in niches among individuals within populations. These individual-based networks merge with each other, forming species-based networks and food webs that describe the architecture of ecological communities. Networks at broader spatiotemporal scales portray the structure of ecological interactions across landscapes and over macroevolutionary time. Here, I review the patterns observed in ecological networks across multiple levels of biological organization. A fundamental challenge is to understand the amount of interdependence as we move from individual-based networks to species-based networks and beyond. Despite the uneven distribution of studies, regularities in network structure emerge across scales due to the fundamental architectural patterns shared by complex networks and the interplay between traits and numerical effects. I illustrate the integration of these organizational scales by exploring the consequences of the emergence of highly connected species for network structures across scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R. Guimarães
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
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16
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Jacquemin F, Violle C, Munoz F, Mahy G, Rasmont P, Roberts SPM, Vray S, Dufrêne M. Loss of pollinator specialization revealed by historical opportunistic data: Insights from network-based analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235890. [PMID: 32658919 PMCID: PMC7357768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We are currently facing a large decline in bee populations worldwide. Who are the winners and losers? Generalist bee species, notably those able to shift their diet to new or alternative floral resources, are expected to be among the least vulnerable to environmental change. However, studies of interactions between bees and plants over large temporal and geographical scales are limited by a lack of historical records. Here, we used a unique opportunistic century-old countrywide database of bee specimens collected on plants to track changes in the plant-bee interaction network over time. In each historical period considered, and using a network-based modularity analysis, we identified some major groups of species interacting more with each other than with other species (i.e. modules). These modules were related to coherent functional groups thanks to an a posteriory trait-based analysis. We then compared over time the ecological specialization of bees in the network by computing their degree of interaction within and between modules. “True” specialist species (or peripheral species) are involved in few interactions both inside and between modules. We found a global loss of specialist species and specialist strategies. This means that bee species observed in each period tended to use more diverse floral resources from different ecological groups over time, highly specialist species tending to enter/leave the network. Considering the role and functional traits of species in the network, combined with a long-term time series, provides a new perspective for the study of species specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Jacquemin
- Biodiversity and Landscape, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - François Munoz
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Grégory Mahy
- Biodiversity and Landscape, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Pierre Rasmont
- Laboratoire de Zoologie, Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Stuart P. M. Roberts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, England, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Vray
- Laboratoire de Zoologie, Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium
- Département de Géographie, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Marc Dufrêne
- Biodiversity and Landscape, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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17
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Pereira Martins L, Matos Medina A, Lewinsohn TM, Almeida‐Neto M. The effect of species composition dissimilarity on plant–herbivore network structure is not consistent over time. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Pereira Martins
- Departamento de Ecologia Laboratório de Interações Ecológicas e Biodiversidade Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia, Goiás Brazil
| | - Anderson Matos Medina
- Departamento de Ecologia Laboratório de Interações Ecológicas e Biodiversidade Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia, Goiás Brazil
| | - Thomas M. Lewinsohn
- Laboratório de Interações Insetos‐Plantas Departamento de Biologia Animal Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Mário Almeida‐Neto
- Departamento de Ecologia Laboratório de Interações Ecológicas e Biodiversidade Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia, Goiás Brazil
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18
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Carreira DC, Dáttilo W, Bruno DL, Percequillo AR, Ferraz KMPMB, Galetti M. Small vertebrates are key elements in the frugivory networks of a hyperdiverse tropical forest. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10594. [PMID: 32601315 PMCID: PMC7324603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The local, global or functional extinction of species or populations of animals, known as defaunation, can erode important ecological services in tropical forests. Many mutualistic interactions, such as seed dispersal of large seeded plants, can be lost in large continuous forests due to the rarity of large-bodied mammalian frugivores. Most of studies that try to elucidate the effects of defaunation on seed dispersal focused on primates or birds, and we lack a detailed understanding on the interactions between ground-dwelling fauna and fleshy fruits. Using camera traps in forest areas with different degrees of defaunation, we described the organization of frugivory networks involving birds, mammals and plants. We recorded 375 frugivory interactions between 21 frugivores and 150 fruiting trees of 30 species of fleshy fruit plants in six sites in continuous Atlantic forest of Brazil. We found that small frugivores-particularly small rodents and birds-were responsible for 72% of the events of frugivory. Large frugivores, such as tapirs and peccaries, were responsible for less than 21% of frugivory events. Our results indicate that the interactions between flesh fruiting plants and frugivores are dominated by small frugivores, an indication of a functional loss of large frugivores in this endangered biome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane C Carreira
- Programa Interunidades de Pós Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"- Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ-USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, CP 13418-900, Brazil.
- Fundação Hermínio Ometto - FHO|Uniararas, Araras, São Paulo, CP 13607-339, Brazil.
| | - Wesley Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., CP 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Dáfini L Bruno
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais - Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, CP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Reis Percequillo
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" - Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ-USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, CP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Katia M P M B Ferraz
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" - Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ-USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, CP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Mauro Galetti
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, CP 33146, USA
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, CP 13506-900, Brazil
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19
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Kishi S, Kakutani T. Male Visitors May Decrease Modularity in Flower–Visitor Networks. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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20
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Amancio G, Aguirre-Jaimes A, Hernández-Ortiz V, Guevara R, Quesada M. Vertical and Horizontal Trophic Networks in the Aroid-Infesting Insect Community of Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10080252. [PMID: 31443212 PMCID: PMC6722588 DOI: 10.3390/insects10080252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Insect-aroid interaction studies have focused largely on pollination systems; however, few report trophic interactions with other herbivores. This study features the endophagous insect community in reproductive aroid structures of a tropical rainforest of Mexico, and the shifting that occurs along an altitudinal gradient and among different hosts. In three sites of the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve in Mexico, we surveyed eight aroid species over a yearly cycle. The insects found were reared in the laboratory, quantified and identified. Data were analyzed through species interaction networks. We recorded 34 endophagous species from 21 families belonging to four insect orders. The community was highly specialized at both network and species levels. Along the altitudinal gradient, there was a reduction in richness and a high turnover of species, while the assemblage among hosts was also highly specific, with different dominant species. Our findings suggest that intrinsic plant factors could influence their occupation, and that the coexistence of distinct insect species in the assemblage could exert a direct or indirect influence on their ability to colonize such resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Amancio
- Red de Interacciones Multitróficas, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico
| | - Armando Aguirre-Jaimes
- Red de Interacciones Multitróficas, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico
| | - Vicente Hernández-Ortiz
- Red de Interacciones Multitróficas, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico.
| | - Roger Guevara
- Red de Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Quesada
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia 58190 Michoacán, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia 58190 Michoacán, Mexico
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21
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McGarvey DJ, Veech JA. Modular structure in fish co-occurrence networks: A comparison across spatial scales and grouping methodologies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208720. [PMID: 30550572 PMCID: PMC6294383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Network modules are used for diverse purposes, ranging from delineation of biogeographical provinces to the study of biotic interactions. We assess spatial scaling effects on modular structure, using a multi-step process to compare fish co-occurrence networks at three nested scales. We first detect modules with simulated annealing and use spatial clustering tests (interspecific distances among species' range centroids) to determine if modules consist of species with broadly overlapping ranges; strong spatial clustering may reflect environmental filtering, while absence of spatial clustering may reflect positive interspecific relationships (commensalism or mutualism). We then use non-hierarchical, multivariate cluster analysis as an alternative method to identify fish subgroups, we repeat spatial clustering tests for the multivariate clusters, then compare spatial clustering results among modules and clusters. Next, we compare species lists within modules and clusters, and estimate congruence as the proportion of species assigned to the same groups by the two methods. Finally, we use a well-documented nest associate complex (fishes that deposit eggs in the gravel nests of a common host) to assess whether strong within-group associations may, in fact, reflect positive interspecific relationships. At each scale, 2-4 network modules were detected but a consistent relationship between scale and the number of modules was not observed. Significant spatial clustering was detected at all scales for network modules and multivariate clusters but was less prevalent at smaller scales. Congruence between modules and clusters was always < 90% and generally decreased as the number of groups increased. At all scales, the complete nest associate complex was completely preserved within a single network module, but not within a single multivariate cluster. Collectively, our results suggest that network modules are promising tools for studying positive interactions and that smaller scales may be preferable in this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. McGarvey
- Center for Environmental Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Joseph A. Veech
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, United States of America
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22
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Zotarelli HGS, Molina JMP, Ribeiro JELS, Sofia SH. A commensal network of epiphytic orchids and host trees in an Atlantic Forest remnant: A case study revealing the important role of large trees in the network structure. AUSTRAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique G. S. Zotarelli
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecologia Animal; Departamento de Biologia Geral; Centro de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid; km 380, 10011, 86057-
970 Londrina Brazil
| | - José M. P. Molina
- Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal; Centro de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Londrina Brazil
| | - José E. L. S. Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal; Centro de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Londrina Brazil
| | - Silvia H. Sofia
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecologia Animal; Departamento de Biologia Geral; Centro de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid; km 380, 10011, 86057-
970 Londrina Brazil
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23
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Insights into the structure of plant-insect communities: Specialism and generalism in a regional set of non-pollinating fig wasp communities. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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24
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Solé-Ribalta A, Tessone CJ, Mariani MS, Borge-Holthoefer J. Revealing in-block nestedness: Detection and benchmarking. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:062302. [PMID: 30011537 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.062302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As new instances of nested organization-beyond ecological networks-are discovered, scholars are debating the coexistence of two apparently incompatible macroscale architectures: nestedness and modularity. The discussion is far from being solved, mainly for two reasons. First, nestedness and modularity appear to emerge from two contradictory dynamics, cooperation and competition. Second, existing methods to assess the presence of nestedness and modularity are flawed when it comes to the evaluation of concurrently nested and modular structures. In this work, we tackle the latter problem, presenting the concept of in-block nestedness, a structural property determining to what extent a network is composed of blocks whose internal connectivity exhibits nestedness. We then put forward a set of optimization methods that allow us to identify such organization successfully, in synthetic and in a large number of real networks. These findings challenge our understanding of the topology of ecological and social systems, calling for new models to explain how such patterns emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Solé-Ribalta
- Internet Interdisciplinary Institute (IN3), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08860 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Manuel S Mariani
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610051 Chengdu, People's Republic of China; URPP Social Networks, Universität Zürich, CH-8050 Switzerland; and Physics Department, Université de Fribourg, CH-1700 Switzerland
| | - Javier Borge-Holthoefer
- Internet Interdisciplinary Institute (IN3), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08860 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain and Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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25
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Dormann CF, Fründ J, Schaefer HM. Identifying Causes of Patterns in Ecological Networks: Opportunities and Limitations. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316-022928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ecological networks depict the interactions between species, mainly based on observations in the field. The information contained in such interaction matrices depends on the sampling design, and typically, compounds preferences (specialization) and abundances (activity). Null models are the primary vehicles to disentangle the effects of specialization from those of sampling and abundance, but they ignore the feedback of network structure on abundances. Hence, network structure, as exemplified here by modularity, is difficult to link to specific causes. Indeed, various processes lead to modularity and to specific interaction patterns more generally. Inferring (co)evolutionary dynamics is even more challenging, as competition and trait matching yield identical patterns of interactions. A satisfactory resolution of the underlying factors determining network structure will require substantial additional information, not only on independently assessed abundances, but also on traits, and ideally on fitness consequences as measured in experimental setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten F. Dormann
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;,
| | - Jochen Fründ
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;,
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26
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Andreazzi CS, Thompson JN, Guimarães PR. Network Structure and Selection Asymmetry Drive Coevolution in Species-Rich Antagonistic Interactions. Am Nat 2017; 190:99-115. [DOI: 10.1086/692110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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27
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Epps MJ, Arnold AE. Diversity, abundance and community network structure in sporocarp-associated beetle communities of the central Appalachian Mountains. Mycologia 2017; 102:785-802. [DOI: 10.3852/09-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jane Epps
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - A. Elizabeth Arnold
- Division of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
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28
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Trivellini G, Polidori C, Pasquaretta C, Orsenigo S, Bogliani G. Nestedness of habitat specialists within habitat generalists in a butterfly assemblage. INSECT CONSERVATION AND DIVERSITY 2016; 9:495-505. [PMID: 32336986 PMCID: PMC7165506 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The habitat requirements of a species are the resources, conditions and space required for survival and reproduction. The habitat requirements of butterflies have been well studied, but the extent to which individuals within a species and between species utilise and share the habitat is poorly known.In a butterfly assemblage in northern Italy, we found that adults from 30 species avoid deciduous high-density forests and their ecotones, and they were positively related to open areas and their ecotones. Besides these common features, five groups of species can be discriminated in relation to a gradient from open area to forest, and species within groups were not equally specialised, as observed from a bipartite network analysis. In particular, some species appeared to be specialised and others appeared to be generalist, suggesting a nested pattern of resource use, rather than a clustered pattern in which each species uses a different subset of habitat types.The degree of variation in specialisation among species varied with the number of species falling in each group. Thus, an increased number of species, and thus possibly competition, is more likely to promote the co-occurrence of generalist and specialised species (nested patterns) rather than an increased niche segregation among species.Ascertaining how species overlap their habitat use at a local scale can be relevant for conservation purposes, because specialised populations are potentially more susceptible to network distortions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Trivellini
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- ElianteNon‐Profit Organisation for the EnvironmentMilanoItaly
| | - Carlo Polidori
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales (ICAM)Universidad de Castilla‐La ManchaToledoSpain
| | - Cristian Pasquaretta
- Department of Ecology, Physiology and EthologyIPHCCNRS‐UDSStrasbourg CedexFrance
| | - Simone Orsenigo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali – Produzione, Territorio, AgroenergiaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanoItaly
| | - Giuseppe Bogliani
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
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29
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Bergamini LL, Lewinsohn TM, Jorge LR, Almeida-Neto M. Manifold influences of phylogenetic structure on a plant-herbivore network. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lima Bergamini
- Depto de Ecologia; Univ. Federal de Goiás; Goiânia Goiás Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução; Univ. Federal de Goiás; Goiânia Goiás Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo R. Jorge
- Depto de Biologia Animal; Univ. Estadual de Campinas; Campinas SP Brazil
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30
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López-Carretero A, Boege K, Díaz-Castelazo C, Domínguez Z, Rico-Gray V. Influence of plant resistance traits in selectiveness and species strength in a tropical plant-herbivore network. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2016; 103:1436-1448. [PMID: 27539260 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1600045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Plant-herbivore networks are highly specialized in their interactions, yet they are highly variable with regard to the relative importance of specific host species for herbivores. How host species traits determine specialization and species strength in this antagonistic network is still an unanswered question that we addressed in this study. METHODS We assessed plant cover and antiherbivore resistance traits to assess the extent to which they accounted for the variation in specialization and strength of interactions among species in a plant-herbivore network. We studied a tropical antagonistic network including a diverse herbivore-host plant assemblages in different habitat types and climatic seasons, including host plants with different life histories. KEY RESULTS Particular combinations of leaf toughness, trichome density, and phenolic compounds influenced herbivore specialization and host species strength, but with a significant spatiotemporal variation among plant life histories. Conversely, plant-herbivore network parameters were not influenced by plant cover. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the importance of species-specific resistance traits of plants to understand the ecological and evolutionary consequences of plant-herbivore interaction networks. The novelty of our research lies in the use of a trait-based approach to understand the variation observed in diverse plant-herbivore networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Boege
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Zaira Domínguez
- Unidad de Servicios de Apoyo en Resolución Analítica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Víctor Rico-Gray
- Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
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31
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Dalerum F, Hellström P, Miranda M, Nyström J, Ekenstedt J, Angerbjörn A. Network topology of stable isotope interactions in a sub-arctic raptor guild. Oecologia 2016; 182:511-8. [PMID: 27209296 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Predation is an ecologically important process, and intra-guild interactions may substantially influence the ecological effects of predator species. Despite a rapid expansion in the use of mathematical graph theory to describe trophic relations, network approaches have rarely been used to study interactions within predator assemblages. Assemblages of diurnal raptors are subject to substantial intra- and interspecific competition. Here we used the novel approach of applying analyzes based on network topology to species-specific data on the stable isotopes (13)C and (15)N in feathers to evaluate patterns of relative resource utilization within a guild of diurnal raptors in northern Sweden. Our guild consisted of the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), the gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus), the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) and the rough-legged buzzard (Buteo lagopus). We found a modular trophic interaction structure within the guild, but the interactions were less nested than expected by chance. These results suggest low redundancy and hence a strong ecological importance of individual species. Our data also suggested that species were less connected through intra-guild interactions than expected by chance. We interpret our results as a convergence on specific isotope niches, and that body size and different hunting behaviour may mediate competition within these niches. We finally highlight that generalist predators could be ecologically important by linking specialist predator species with disparate dietary niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dalerum
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO-CSIC-PA), University of Oviedo, Mieres Campus, 33600, Mieres, Spain.
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - P Hellström
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Frescativägen 40, 114 18, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Miranda
- Centre for African Ecology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3 Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Economics, University of Oviedo, 33203, Oviedo, Spain
| | - J Nyström
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Ekenstedt
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Angerbjörn
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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Nuwagaba S, Zhang F, Hui C. A hybrid behavioural rule of adaptation and drift explains the emergent architecture of antagonistic networks. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20150320. [PMID: 25925104 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological processes that can realistically account for network architectures are central to our understanding of how species assemble and function in ecosystems. Consumer species are constantly selecting and adjusting which resource species are to be exploited in an antagonistic network. Here we incorporate a hybrid behavioural rule of adaptive interaction switching and random drift into a bipartite network model. Predictions are insensitive to the model parameters and the initial network structures, and agree extremely well with the observed levels of modularity, nestedness and node-degree distributions for 61 real networks. Evolutionary and community assemblage histories only indirectly affect network structure by defining the size and complexity of ecological networks, whereas adaptive interaction switching and random drift carve out the details of network architecture at the faster ecological time scale. The hybrid behavioural rule of both adaptation and drift could well be the key processes for structure emergence in real ecological networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nuwagaba
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - F Zhang
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - C Hui
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa Mathematical and Physical Biosciences, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cape Town 7945, South Africa
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Gonçalves-Souza T, Araújo MS, Barbosa EP, Lopes SM, Kaminski LA, Shimizu GH, Santos AJ, Romero GQ. Fine-scale Beta-diversity Patterns Across Multiple Arthropod Taxa Over a Neotropical Latitudinal Gradient. Biotropica 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Gonçalves-Souza
- Departamento de Biologia, Área de Ecologia; Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE); Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n CEP 52171-900 Recife PE Brazil
| | - Marcel S. Araújo
- Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal; IBILCE; Universidade Estadual Paulista; UNESP; Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265 CEP 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto SP Brazil
| | - Eduardo P. Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); CP 6109 CEP 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Sonia M. Lopes
- Museu Nacional; Setor de Blattaria; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; CEP20940-040 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Lucas A. Kaminski
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra); Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37 08003 Barcelona Spain
| | - Gustavo H. Shimizu
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); CEP 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Adalberto J. Santos
- Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG); Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Gustavo Q. Romero
- Departamento de Biologia Animal; Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); CP 6109 CEP 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
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Corso G, Torres Cruz CP, Pinto MP, de Almeida AM, Lewinsohn TM. Binary versus weighted interaction networks. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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de Araújo WS, Vieira MC, Lewinsohn TM, Almeida-Neto M. Contrasting effects of land use intensity and exotic host plants on the specialization of interactions in plant-herbivore networks. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115606. [PMID: 25565141 PMCID: PMC4286214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human land use tends to decrease the diversity of native plant species and facilitate the invasion and establishment of exotic ones. Such changes in land use and plant community composition usually have negative impacts on the assemblages of native herbivorous insects. Highly specialized herbivores are expected to be especially sensitive to land use intensification and the presence of exotic plant species because they are neither capable of consuming alternative plant species of the native flora nor exotic plant species. Therefore, higher levels of land use intensity might reduce the proportion of highly specialized herbivores, which ultimately would lead to changes in the specialization of interactions in plant-herbivore networks. This study investigates the community-wide effects of land use intensity on the degree of specialization of 72 plant-herbivore networks, including effects mediated by the increase in the proportion of exotic plant species. Contrary to our expectation, the net effect of land use intensity on network specialization was positive. However, this positive effect of land use intensity was partially canceled by an opposite effect of the proportion of exotic plant species on network specialization. When we analyzed networks composed exclusively of endophagous herbivores separately from those composed exclusively of exophagous herbivores, we found that only endophages showed a consistent change in network specialization at higher land use levels. Altogether, these results indicate that land use intensity is an important ecological driver of network specialization, by way of reducing the local host range of herbivore guilds with highly specialized feeding habits. However, because the effect of land use intensity is offset by an opposite effect owing to the proportion of exotic host species, the net effect of land use in a given herbivore assemblage will likely depend on the extent of the replacement of native host species with exotic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Santos de Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Laboratório de Interações Ecológicas e Biodiversidade, Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcos Costa Vieira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Laboratório de Interações Ecológicas e Biodiversidade, Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Thomas M. Lewinsohn
- Laboratório de Interações Insetos-Plantas, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mário Almeida-Neto
- Laboratório de Interações Ecológicas e Biodiversidade, Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Benítez-Malvido J, Martínez-Falcón AP, Dáttilo W, Del Val E. Diversity and network structure of invertebrate communities associated to Heliconia species in natural and human disturbed tropical rain forests. Glob Ecol Conserv 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Miranda M, Dalerum F, Parrini F. Interaction patterns within a multi-herbivore assemblage derived from stable isotopes. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wardhaugh CW, Edwards W, Stork NE. The specialization and structure of antagonistic and mutualistic networks of beetles on rainforest canopy trees. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl W. Wardhaugh
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology; James Cook University; Cairns Campus McGregor Road Smithfield QLD 4870 Australia
| | - Will Edwards
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology; James Cook University; Cairns Campus McGregor Road Smithfield QLD 4870 Australia
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science; James Cook University; Cairns QLD 4870 Australia
| | - Nigel E. Stork
- Environmental Futures Research Institute; Griffith School of Environment; Griffith University; Nathan Campus 170 Kessels Road Nathan QLD 4111 Australia
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López-Carretero A, Díaz-Castelazo C, Boege K, Rico-Gray V. Evaluating the spatio-temporal factors that structure network parameters of plant-herbivore interactions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110430. [PMID: 25340790 PMCID: PMC4207832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the dynamic nature of ecological interactions, most studies on species networks offer static representations of their structure, constraining our understanding of the ecological mechanisms involved in their spatio-temporal stability. This is the first study to evaluate plant-herbivore interaction networks on a small spatio-temporal scale. Specifically, we simultaneously assessed the effect of host plant availability, habitat complexity and seasonality on the structure of plant-herbivore networks in a coastal tropical ecosystem. Our results revealed that changes in the host plant community resulting from seasonality and habitat structure are reflected not only in the herbivore community, but also in the emergent properties (network parameters) of the plant-herbivore interaction network such as connectance, selectiveness and modularity. Habitat conditions and periods that are most stressful favored the presence of less selective and susceptible herbivore species, resulting in increased connectance within networks. In contrast, the high degree of selectivennes (i.e. interaction specialization) and modularity of the networks under less stressful conditions was promoted by the diversification in resource use by herbivores. By analyzing networks at a small spatio-temporal scale we identified the ecological factors structuring this network such as habitat complexity and seasonality. Our research offers new evidence on the role of abiotic and biotic factors in the variation of the properties of species interaction networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karina Boege
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., México
| | - Víctor Rico-Gray
- Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
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40
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Tur C, Olesen JM, Traveset A. Increasing modularity when downscaling networks from species to individuals. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tur
- IMEDEA, Inst. Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC - UIB).; Miquel Marqués, 21 ES-07190 Esporles Illes Balears Spain
| | - Jens M. Olesen
- Dept of Bioscience; Aarhus Univ.; Ny Munkegade 114 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Anna Traveset
- IMEDEA, Inst. Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC - UIB).; Miquel Marqués, 21 ES-07190 Esporles Illes Balears Spain
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41
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Nascimento AR, Almeida-Neto M, Almeida AM, Fonseca CR, Lewinsohn TM, Penteado-Dias AM. Parasitoid Wasps in Flower Heads of Asteraceae in the Brazilian Cerrado: Taxonomical Composition and Determinants of Diversity. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 43:298-306. [PMID: 27193807 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-014-0218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study provides the first survey of the parasitoid fauna reared in flower heads of Asteraceae in the Brazilian cerrado. We investigated the relative importance of herbivore richness and plant species commonness to differences in parasitoid species richness among the plant species. A total of 15,372 specimens from 192 morphospecies belonging to 103 genera of Hymenoptera were reared from the flower heads of 74 Asteraceae species. Chalcidoidea and Ichneumonoidea were the most common superfamilies, with Eulophidae and Braconidae as the main families of parasitoid wasps. Singletons and doubletons accounted for 45% of total parasitoid species richness. The number of parasitoid species per plant species ranged from 1 to 67, and the variation in parasitoid species richness among plants was mainly explained by the number of sites in which the plants were recorded. This study shows that there is a highly diversified fauna of Hymenoptera parasitoids associated with flower heads of Asteraceae in the Brazilian cerrado. Our findings suggest that the accumulation of parasitoid species on plants is mainly determined by the regional commonness of plant species rather than the number of herbivore species associated with the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Nascimento
- Depto de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Univ Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil.
- Lab de Interações Ecológicas e Biodiversidade (LIEB), Depto de Ecologia, Univ Federal de Goiás, CP 131, CEP 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil.
| | - M Almeida-Neto
- Depto de Ecologia, Univ Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - A M Almeida
- Depto de Ecologia, Univ Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - C R Fonseca
- Depto de Ecologia, Univ Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - T M Lewinsohn
- Lab de Interações Insetos-Plantas, Depto Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Univ Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - A M Penteado-Dias
- Depto de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Univ Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
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42
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Dormann CF, Strauss R. A method for detecting modules in quantitative bipartite networks. Methods Ecol Evol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten F. Dormann
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis; University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Rouven Strauss
- Department of Computer Science; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa Israel
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43
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Bohan DA, Raybould A, Mulder C, Woodward G, Tamaddoni-Nezhad A, Bluthgen N, Pocock MJ, Muggleton S, Evans DM, Astegiano J, Massol F, Loeuille N, Petit S, Macfadyen S. Networking Agroecology. ADV ECOL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420002-9.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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44
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Dupont YL, Olesen JM. Stability of modular structure in temporal cumulative plant–flower-visitor networks. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Severe damage often provokes compensatory resprouting of plants, which commonly modify plant morphological and phenological traits. Rapid plant growth often results in poorly defended nutrient-rich foliage, which is more susceptible to foliar-chewing herbivores. It is less known how other guilds of arthropods are affected by plant regrowth. We tested the hypotheses that clipping-induced resprouting and nutrient availability, separately and in combination, would (1) influence plant traits, (2) benefit chewing herbivores, sap-suckers, gallers, and pre-dispersal seed predators, and (3) cascade up to the third trophic level by positively affecting herbivores. Resprouted plants were morphologically and phenologically different from undamaged plants; as a result, seed predation, infestation rate, richness, and diversity of seed predators increased, and species composition was altered. Leaf consumption by chewing herbivores was four times higher on resprouted plants. The number of galls decreased, whereas the abundance of sap-sucking and leaf-chewing insects was not affected. The incidence of predators and parasitoids was also higher on resprouted plants and on plants with nutrients added, but the increase was less pronounced compared to the herbivores they feed on. Thus, the effects of resprouting, contingent on nutrient availability, can propagate simultaneously through two independent tri-trophic level pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica F Kersch-Becker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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Krasnov BR, Fortuna MA, Mouillot D, Khokhlova IS, Shenbrot GI, Poulin R. Phylogenetic Signal in Module Composition and Species Connectivity in Compartmentalized Host-Parasite Networks. Am Nat 2012; 179:501-11. [DOI: 10.1086/664612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Genini J, Côrtes MC, Guimarães Jr PR, Galetti M. Mistletoes Play Different Roles in a Modular Host-Parasite Network. Biotropica 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00794.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Insects on urban plants: contrasting the flower head feeding assemblages on native and exotic hosts. Urban Ecosyst 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-011-0179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Piazzon M, Larrinaga AR, Santamaría L. Are nested networks more robust to disturbance? A test using epiphyte-tree, comensalistic networks. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19637. [PMID: 21589931 PMCID: PMC3092765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research on ecological networks suggests that mutualistic networks are more nested than antagonistic ones and, as a result, they are more robust against chains of extinctions caused by disturbances. We evaluate whether mutualistic networks are more nested than comensalistic and antagonistic networks, and whether highly nested, host-epiphyte comensalistic networks fit the prediction of high robustness against disturbance. A review of 59 networks including mutualistic, antagonistic and comensalistic relationships showed that comensalistic networks are significantly more nested than antagonistic and mutualistic networks, which did not differ between themselves. Epiphyte-host networks from old-growth forests differed from those from disturbed forest in several topological parameters based on both qualitative and quantitative matrices. Network robustness increased with network size, but the slope of this relationship varied with nestedness and connectance. Our results indicate that interaction networks show complex responses to disturbances, which influence their topology and indirectly affect their robustness against species extinctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Piazzon
- Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (IMEDEA, CSIC-UIB), C/Miquel Marquès 21, Esporles, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
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