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Suzuki T, Chéret J, Scala FD, Rajabi-Estarabadi A, Akhundlu A, Demetrius DL, Gherardini J, Keren A, Harries M, Rodriguez-Feliz J, Epstein G, Lee W, Purba T, Gilhar A, Paus R. Interleukin-15 is a hair follicle immune privilege guardian. J Autoimmun 2024; 145:103217. [PMID: 38581915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The autoimmunity-promoting cytokine, Interleukin-15 (IL-15), is often claimed to be a key pathogenic cytokine in alopecia areata (AA). Yet, rhIL-15 promotes human hair follicle (HF) growth ex vivo. We have asked whether the expression of IL-15 and its receptor (IL-15R) isoforms is altered in human AA and how IL-15 impacts on human HF immune privilege (HF-IP) in the presence/absence of interferon-γ (IFNγ), the well-documented key AA-pathogenic cytokine, as well as on hair regrowth after experimental AA induction in vivo. Quantitative immunohistomorphometry showed the number of perifollicular IL-15+ T cells in AA skin biopsies to be significantly increased compared to healthy control skin, while IL-15, IL-15Rα, and IL-15Rγ protein expression within the hair bulb were significantly down-regulated in AA HFs. In organ-cultured human scalp HFs, rhIL-15 significantly reduced hair bulb expression of MICA, the key "danger" signal in AA pathogenesis, and increased production of the HF-IP guardian, α-MSH. Crucially, ex vivo, rhIL-15 prevented IFNγ-induced HF-IP collapse, restored a collapsed HF-IP by IL-15Rα-dependent signaling (as documented by IL-15Rα-silencing), and protected AA-preventive immunoinhibitory iNKT10 cells from IFNγ-induced apoptosis. rhIL-15 even promoted hair regrowth after experimental AA induction in human scalp skin xenotransplants on SCID/beige mice in vivo. Our data introduce IL-15 as a novel, functionally important HF-IP guardian whose signaling is constitutively defective in scalp HFs of AA patients. Our data suggest that selective stimulation of intrafollicular IL-15Rα signaling could become a novel therapeutic approach in AA management, while blocking it pharmacologically may hinder both HF-IP restoration and hair re-growth and may thus make HFs more vulnerable to AA relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Suzuki
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jérémy Chéret
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Fernanda D Scala
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ali Rajabi-Estarabadi
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Dermatology, Broward Health, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Aysun Akhundlu
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dana-Lee Demetrius
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer Gherardini
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aviad Keren
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Matthew Harries
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK
| | | | - Gorana Epstein
- Foundation for Hair Restoration, 33143, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Wendy Lee
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Talveen Purba
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Amos Gilhar
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; CUTANEON - Skin & Hair Innovations, Hamburg, Germany.
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2
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Goggans KR, Belyaeva OV, Klyuyeva AV, Studdard J, Slay A, Newman RB, VanBuren CA, Everts HB, Kedishvili NY. Epidermal retinol dehydrogenases cyclically regulate stem cell markers and clock genes and influence hair composition. Commun Biol 2024; 7:453. [PMID: 38609439 PMCID: PMC11014975 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The hair follicle (HF) is a self-renewing adult miniorgan that undergoes drastic metabolic and morphological changes during precisely timed cyclic organogenesis. The HF cycle is known to be regulated by steroid hormones, growth factors and circadian clock genes. Recent data also suggest a role for a vitamin A derivative, all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), the activating ligand of transcription factors, retinoic acid receptors, in the regulation of the HF cycle. Here we demonstrate that ATRA signaling cycles during HF regeneration and this pattern is disrupted by genetic deletion of epidermal retinol dehydrogenases 2 (RDHE2, SDR16C5) and RDHE2-similar (RDHE2S, SDR16C6) that catalyze the rate-limiting step in ATRA biosynthesis. Deletion of RDHEs results in accelerated anagen to catagen and telogen to anagen transitions, altered HF composition, reduced levels of HF stem cell markers, and dysregulated circadian clock gene expression, suggesting a broad role of RDHEs in coordinating multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli R Goggans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Olga V Belyaeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alla V Klyuyeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jacob Studdard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Aja Slay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Regina B Newman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Christine A VanBuren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Helen B Everts
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Natalia Y Kedishvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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3
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Lee S, Ohn J, Kang BM, Hwang ST, Kwon O. Activation of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 promotes hair growth in human hair follicles. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00351-X. [PMID: 37972887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hair loss is a common phenomenon associated with various environmental and genetic factors. Mitochondrial dysfunction-induced oxidative stress has been recognized as a crucial determinant of hair follicle (HF) biology. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) mitigates oxidative stress by detoxifying acetaldehyde. This study investigated the potential role of ALDH2 modulation in HF function and hair growth promotion. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of ALDH2 activation on oxidative stress in HFs and hair growth promotion. METHODS The modulatory role of ALDH2 on HFs was investigated using an ALDH2 activator. ALDH2 expression in human HFs was evaluated through in vitro immunofluorescence staining. Ex vivo HF organ culture was employed to assess hair shaft elongation, while the fluorescence probe 2',7'- dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate was utilized to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS). An in vivo mouse model was used to determine whether ALDH2 activation induces anagen. RESULTS During the anagen phase, ALDH2 showed significantly higher intensity than that in the telogen phase, and its expression was primarily localized along the outer layer of HFs. ALDH2 activation promoted anagen phase induction by reducing ROS levels and enhancing reactive aldehyde clearance, which indicated that ALDH2 functions as a ROS scavenger within HFs. Moreover, ALDH2 activation upregulated Akt/GSK 3β/β-catenin signaling in HFs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the hair growth promotion effects of ALDH2 activation in HFs and its potential as a promising therapeutic approach for promoting anagen induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Jungyoon Ohn
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Bo Mi Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | | | - Ohsang Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
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Sharma A, Mohapatra H, Arora K, Babbar R, Arora R, Arora P, Kumar P, Algın Yapar E, Rani K, Meenu M, Babu MA, Kaur M, Sindhu RK. Bioactive Compound-Loaded Nanocarriers for Hair Growth Promotion: Current Status and Future Perspectives. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3739. [PMID: 37960095 PMCID: PMC10649697 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Hair loss (alopecia) has a multitude of causes, and the problem is still poorly defined. For curing alopecia, therapies are available in both natural and synthetic forms; however, natural remedies are gaining popularity due to the multiple effects of complex phytoconstituents on the scalp with fewer side effects. Evidence-based hair growth promotion by some plants has been reported for both traditional and advanced treatment approaches. Nanoarchitectonics may have the ability to evolve in the field of hair- and scalp-altering products and treatments, giving new qualities to hair that can be an effective protective layer or a technique to recover lost hair. This review will provide insights into several plant and herbal formulations that have been reported for the prevention of hair loss and stimulation of new hair growth. This review also focuses on the molecular mechanisms of hair growth/loss, several isolated phytoconstituents with hair growth-promoting properties, patents, in vivo evaluation of hair growth-promoting activity, and recent nanoarchitectonic technologies that have been explored for hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Bhoranj (Tikker–Kharwarian), Hamirpur 176041, India;
| | - Harapriya Mohapatra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (H.M.); (K.A.); (R.B.); (R.A.); (P.A.); (K.R.)
| | - Kanika Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (H.M.); (K.A.); (R.B.); (R.A.); (P.A.); (K.R.)
| | - Ritchu Babbar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (H.M.); (K.A.); (R.B.); (R.A.); (P.A.); (K.R.)
| | - Rashmi Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (H.M.); (K.A.); (R.B.); (R.A.); (P.A.); (K.R.)
| | - Poonam Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (H.M.); (K.A.); (R.B.); (R.A.); (P.A.); (K.R.)
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa;
| | - Evren Algın Yapar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Türkiye;
| | - Kailash Rani
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (H.M.); (K.A.); (R.B.); (R.A.); (P.A.); (K.R.)
| | - Maninder Meenu
- Department of Agri-Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali 143005, India;
| | | | - Maninderjit Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India;
| | - Rakesh K. Sindhu
- School of Pharmacy, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, India
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Määttä A, Nixon R, Robinson N, Ambler CA, Goncalves K, Maltman V, Przyborski S. Regulation of epidermal proliferation and hair follicle cycling by synthetic photostable retinoid EC23. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:1658-1669. [PMID: 36718827 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoid signaling is an important regulator of the epidermis and skin appendages. Therefore, synthetic retinoids have been developed for therapeutic use for skin disorders such as psoriasis and acne. AIMS In previous studies, we showed how the photostable retinoid EC23 induces neuronal differentiation in stem cell-like cell populations, and here, we aim to investigate its ability to influence epidermal and hair follicle growth. METHODS EC23 influence on skin biology was investigated initially in cultures of monolayer keratinocytes and three-dimentional in vitro models of skin, and finally in in vivo studies of mice back skin. RESULTS EC23 induces keratinocyte hyperproliferation in vitro and in vivo, and when applied to mouse skin increases the number of involucrin-positive suprabasal cell layers. These phenotypic changes are similar in skin treated with the natural retinoid all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA); however, EC23 is more potent; a tenfold lower dose of EC23 is sufficient to induce epidermal thickening, and resulting hyperproliferation is sustained for a longer time period after first dose. EC23 treatment resulted in a disorganized stratum corneum, reduced cell surface lipids and compromised barrier, similar to ATRA treatment. However, EC23 induces a rapid telogen to anagen transition and hair re-growth in 6-week-old mice with synchronously resting back skin follicles. The impact of EC23 on the hair cycle was surprising as similar results have not been seen with ATRA. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that synthetic retinoid EC23 is a useful tool in exploring the turnover and differentiation of cells and has a potent effect on skin physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arto Määttä
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Rebecca Nixon
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Neil Robinson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK.,Reprocell Europe Ltd, West of Scotland Science Park, Glasgow, UK
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6
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Vitamin A in Skin and Hair: An Update. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142952. [PMID: 35889909 PMCID: PMC9324272 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble micronutrient necessary for the growth of healthy skin and hair. However, both too little and too much vitamin A has deleterious effects. Retinoic acid and retinal are the main active metabolites of vitamin A. Retinoic acid dose-dependently regulates hair follicle stem cells, influencing the functioning of the hair cycle, wound healing, and melanocyte stem cells. Retinoic acid also influences melanocyte differentiation and proliferation in a dose-dependent and temporal manner. Levels of retinoids decline when exposed to ultraviolet irradiation in the skin. Retinal is necessary for the phototransduction cascade that initiates melanogenesis but the source of that retinal is currently unknown. This review discusses new research on retinoids and their effects on the skin and hair.
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7
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Togo S, Imanishi H, Hayashi M, Koyama M, Kira Y, Sugawara K, Tsuruta D. Exploring the impact of ovariectomy on hair growth: can ovariectomized mouse serve as a model for investigating female pattern hair loss in humans? Med Mol Morphol 2022; 55:210-226. [PMID: 35486188 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-022-00320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Female pattern hair loss (FPHL), a type of hair disease common in pre- and postmenopausal women, is characterized by thinning of hair to O-type, mainly at the crown. Although a mouse model of this disease has recently been established, its details are still unknown, and thus, warrants further analysis. In this study, 3 week-old and 7- to 8 week-old C57BL/6 female mice were divided into two groups: one group underwent ovariectomy (OVX), while the other underwent sham surgery. In the 3 week-old mice, the dorsal skin was collected at seven weeks of age, while in the 7- to 8 week-old mice, it was collected at 12 and 24 weeks of age. In the former group, both the pore size of the hair follicles (HFs) and diameter of the hair shaft of telogen HFs decreased upon OVX; while in the latter group, these factors increased significantly. Notably, the thickness of the dermis and subcutis increased significantly in the OVX group. It needs to be further elucidated whether OVX mouse could serve as an ideal mouse model for FPHL, but our results upon evaluation of skin thickness indicate that it could be used to establish a novel treatment for non-hair-related diseases, such as post-menopause-related skin condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Togo
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Imanishi
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Masami Hayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayasu Koyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukimi Kira
- Department of Research Support Platform, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Sugawara
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuruta
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
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8
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Lytvyn Y, McDonald K, Mufti A, Beecker J. Comparing the frequency of isotretinoin-induced hair loss at <0.5-mg/kg/d versus ≥0.5-mg/kg/d dosing in acne patients: A systematic review. JAAD Int 2022; 6:125-142. [PMID: 35199047 PMCID: PMC8841364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 1 million isotretinoin prescriptions are authorized in the United States per year. An insight into the frequency, dose dependency, timing, and reversibility of hair loss associated with isotretinoin treatment for acne vulgaris could help guide dosing regimens and patient counseling. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the frequency of hair loss in patients with acne vulgaris on <0.5 mg/kg/d daily doses of isotretinoin versus the frequency of hair loss in patients with acne vulgaris on ≥0.5 mg/kg/d daily doses of isotretinoin. An Embase and MEDLINE search was conducted on July 15, 2020, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The review focused on acne vulgaris patients. The treatment of acne vulgaris is the most common use of isotretinoin, and the population is typically younger and with fewer comorbidities. Twenty-two studies reported hair loss with oral isotretinoin treatment. A frequency analysis suggested that patients with acne vulgaris on <0.5 mg/kg/d of isotretinoin experienced hair loss at a frequency of 3.2% (n = 18/565) compared with those on ≥0.5 mg/kg/d, who experienced hair loss at a frequency of 5.7% (n = 192/3375). Inferential statistics were not possible. Physicians should consider counseling patients about the risk of telogen effluvium prior to drug initiation, as is commonly done for other side effects. The potential trend of increased hair loss frequency at a higher daily dosing warrants further investigation using higher-quality research.
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9
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Sadgrove NJ. The ‘bald’ phenotype (androgenetic alopecia) is caused by the high glycaemic, high cholesterol and low mineral ‘western diet’. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Suzuki T, Ito T, Gilhar A, Tokura Y, Reich K, Paus R. The hair follicle-psoriasis axis: Shared regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:266-279. [PMID: 34587317 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It has long been known that there is a special affinity of psoriasis for the scalp: Here, it occurs most frequently, lesions terminate sharply in frontal skin beyond the hair line and are difficult to treat. Yet, surprisingly, scalp psoriasis only rarely causes alopecia, even though the pilosebaceous unit clearly is affected. Here, we systematically explore the peculiar, insufficiently investigated connection between psoriasis and growing (anagen) terminal scalp hair follicles (HFs), with emphasis on shared regulatory mechanism and therapeutic targets. Interestingly, several drugs and stressors that can trigger/aggravate psoriasis can inhibit hair growth (e.g. beta-blockers, chloroquine, carbamazepine, interferon-alpha, perceived stress). Instead, several anti-psoriatic agents can stimulate hair growth (e.g. cyclosporine, glucocorticoids, dithranol, UV irradiation), while skin/HF trauma (Köbner phenomenon/depilation) favours the development of psoriatic lesions and induces anagen in "quiescent" (telogen) HFs. On this basis, we propose two interconnected working models: (a) the existence of a bidirectional "hair follicle-psoriasis axis," along which keratinocytes of anagen scalp HFs secrete signals that favour the development and maintenance of psoriatic scalp lesions and respond to signals from these lesions, and (b) that anagen induction and psoriatic lesions share molecular "switch-on" mechanisms, which invite pharmacological targeting, once identified. Therefore, we advocate a novel, cross-fertilizing and integrative approach to psoriasis and hair research that systematically characterizes the "HF-psoriasis axis," focused on identification and therapeutic targeting of selected, shared signalling pathways in the future management of both, psoriasis and hair growth disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Suzuki
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Taisuke Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Amos Gilhar
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yoshiki Tokura
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Allergic Disease Research Center, Chutoen General Medical Center, Kakegawa, Japan
| | - Kristian Reich
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany.,Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Center, Manchester, UK
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11
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Kim H, Choi N, Kim DY, Kim SY, Song SY, Sung JH. TGF-β2 and collagen play pivotal roles in the spheroid formation and anti-aging of human dermal papilla cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:19978-19995. [PMID: 34404755 PMCID: PMC8436940 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) tend to aggregate both in vitro and in vivo, which increases the hair inductivity of DPCs. However, the underlying mechanism of spheroid formation is unknown. We investigated whether collagen expression in human DPCs (hDPCs) is involved in the spheroid formation and hair inductivity of hDPCs and further examined the underlying molecular mechanism of collagen upregulation. The expression of diverse collagens, such as COL13A1 and COL15A1, was upregulated in three dimensional (3D)-cultured or intact DPCs, compared to 2D-cultured hDPCs. This collagen expression was a downregulated in aged hair follicle, and aged DPCs were difficult to aggregate. Blocking of COL13A1 and COL15A1 by small interfering RNA reduced aggregation, while induced senescence of hDPCs in vitro. Further, transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) expression decreases with aging, and is involved in regulating the expression of COL13A1 and COL15A1. Addition of recombinant TGF-β2 delayed cellular senescence, and recovered spheroid formation in aged hDPCs by upregulating collagen levels. On the contrary, knock-out of TGF-β2 induced the aging of DPCs, and inhibited spheroid formation. These results suggested that COL13A1 and COL15A1 expression is downregulated with aging in DPCs, and upregulation of collagen by TGF-β2 induces the spheroid formation of DPCs. Therefore, TGF-β2 supplement in DPC culture medium could enhance the maintenance and hair inductivity of DPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kim
- Epi Biotech Co., Ltd., Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21984, South Korea
| | - Nahyun Choi
- Epi Biotech Co., Ltd., Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21984, South Korea
| | - Doo Yeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, South Korea
| | - So Yoon Kim
- Epi Biotech Co., Ltd., Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21984, South Korea
| | - Seung Yong Song
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- Epi Biotech Co., Ltd., Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21984, South Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, South Korea
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12
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Sadgrove NJ, Simmonds MSJ. Topical and nutricosmetic products for healthy hair and dermal antiaging using "dual-acting" (2 for 1) plant-based peptides, hormones, and cannabinoids. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:601-610. [PMID: 34377956 PMCID: PMC8332470 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the side effects of oral antiaging retinoids is increased hair shedding. Retinoids promote the expression of TGF-β2 from fibroblasts, which stimulate collagen expression but silences keratinocytes. Since keratinocytes normally influence differentiation of dermal papilla cells at the base of the hair follicle, retinoids feasibly inhibit hair growth via the increased expression of TGF-β2, which inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Fortunately, the plant kingdom provides an array of alternatives as dual-acting nutricosmetics and topicals that work independently of TGF-β2 to confer dermal antiaging and hair health effects. These alternatives include "plant hormones" such as cytokinins and phytoestrogens. Many cytokinins are agonists of the G-coupled adenosine receptors. Partial agonism of adenosine receptors promotes collagen synthesis independently of TGF-β2 signaling. Adenosine expression is potentially also the mechanism of minoxidil in promotion of scalp hair growth. Because of crosstalk between adenosine and cannabinoid receptors it makes sense to try combinations of specific CB2 agonists and cytokinins (or phytoestrogens). However, dual-acting cosmetics including peptides with high numbers of positively charged amino acids, such as lysine or arginine, offer real potential as they can be processed from multiple botanical candidates, including almond, fenugreek, pea sprouts, soy, and seaweeds. The current review summarizes much of what is known about retinoid alternatives in the plant kingdom and identifies potentially fruitful new areas of research.
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13
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Detecting the Mechanism behind the Transition from Fixed Two-Dimensional Patterned Sika Deer ( Cervus nippon) Dermal Papilla Cells to Three-Dimensional Pattern. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094715. [PMID: 33946876 PMCID: PMC8124381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hair follicle dermal papilla is critical for hair generation and de novo regeneration. When cultured in vitro, dermal papilla cells from different species demonstrate two distinguishable growth patterns under the conventional culture condition: a self-aggregative three dimensional spheroidal (3D) cell pattern and a two dimensional (2D) monolayer cell pattern, correlating with different hair inducing properties. Whether the loss of self-aggregative behavior relates to species-specific differences or the improper culture condition remains unclear. Can the fixed 2D patterned dermal papilla cells recover the self-aggregative behavior and 3D pattern also remains undetected. Here, we successfully constructed the two growth patterns using sika deer (Cervus nippon) dermal papilla cells and proved it was the culture condition that determined the dermal papilla growth pattern. The two growth patterns could transit mutually as the culture condition was exchanged. The fixed 2D patterned sika deer dermal papilla cells could recover the self-aggregative behavior and transit back to 3D pattern, accompanied by the restoration of hair inducing capability when the culture condition was changed. In addition, the global gene expressions during the transition from 2D pattern to 3D pattern were compared to detect the potential regulating genes and pathways involved in the recovery of 3D pattern and hair inducing capability.
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14
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Suo L, VanBuren C, Hovland ED, Kedishvili NY, Sundberg JP, Everts HB. Dietary Vitamin A Impacts Refractory Telogen. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:571474. [PMID: 33614636 PMCID: PMC7892905 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.571474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicles cycle through periods of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), rest (telogen), and release (exogen). Telogen is further divided into refractory and competent telogen based on expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and wingless-related MMTV integration site 7A (WNT7A). During refractory telogen hair follicle stem cells (HFSC) are inhibited. Retinoic acid synthesis proteins localized to the hair follicle and this localization pattern changed throughout the hair cycle. In addition, excess retinyl esters arrested hair follicles in telogen. The purpose of this study was to further define these hair cycle changes. BMP4 and WNT7A expression was also used to distinguish refractory from competent telogen in C57BL/6J mice fed different levels of retinyl esters from two previous studies. These two studies produced opposite results; and differed in the amount of retinyl esters the dams consumed and the age of the mice when the different diet began. There were a greater percentage of hair follicles in refractory telogen both when mice were bred on an unpurified diet containing copious levels of retinyl esters (study 1) and consumed excess levels of retinyl esters starting at 12 weeks of age, as well as when mice were bred on a purified diet containing adequate levels of retinyl esters (study 2) and remained on this diet at 6 weeks of age. WNT7A expression was consistent with these results. Next, the localization of vitamin A metabolism proteins in the two stages of telogen was examined. Keratin 6 (KRT6) and cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2 (CRABP2) localized almost exclusively to refractory telogen hair follicles in study 1. However, KRT6 and CRABP2 localized to both competent and refractory telogen hair follicles in mice fed adequate and high levels of retinyl esters in study 2. In mice bred and fed an unpurified diet retinol dehydrogenase SDR16C5, retinal dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH1A2), and cytochrome p450 26B1 (CYP26B1), enzymes and proteins involved in RA metabolism, localized to BMP4 positive refractory telogen hair follicles. This suggests that vitamin A may contribute to the inhibition of HFSC during refractory telogen in a dose dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Suo
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Christine VanBuren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Eylul Damla Hovland
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Natalia Y Kedishvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | - Helen B Everts
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, United States
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15
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Contribution of GATA6 to homeostasis of the human upper pilosebaceous unit and acne pathogenesis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5067. [PMID: 33082341 PMCID: PMC7575575 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although acne is the most common human inflammatory skin disease, its pathogenic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we show that GATA6, which is expressed in the upper pilosebaceous unit of normal human skin, is down-regulated in acne. GATA6 controls keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation to prevent hyperkeratinisation of the infundibulum, which is the primary pathological event in acne. When overexpressed in immortalised human sebocytes, GATA6 triggers a junctional zone and sebaceous differentiation program whilst limiting lipid production and cell proliferation. It modulates the immunological repertoire of sebocytes, notably by upregulating PD-L1 and IL10. GATA6 expression contributes to the therapeutic effect of retinoic acid, the main treatment for acne. In a human sebaceous organoid model GATA6-mediated down-regulation of the infundibular differentiation program is mediated by induction of TGFβ signalling. We conclude that GATA6 is involved in regulation of the upper pilosebaceous unit and may be an actionable target in the treatment of acne.
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16
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Nan W, Li G, Si H, Lou Y, Wang D, Guo R, Zhang H. All-trans-retinoic acid inhibits mink hair follicle growth via inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of dermal papilla cells through TGF-β2/Smad2/3 pathway. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151603. [PMID: 33066831 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dermal papilla cells (DPCs), an important component of hair follicles, its proliferation and apoptosis directly regulate and maintain the growth of hair follicles. All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) plays a critical role in hair growth. In this study, the effects of ATRA on cultured mink hair follicle growth were studied by administration of different concentrations of ATRA for 12 days in vitro. In addition, the proliferation and apoptosis of DPCs were measured after treating with ATRA. The mRNA and protein levels of hair follicle growth associated factor transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) and the phosphorylation levels of Smad2/3 were determined. Moreover, TGF-β type I and type II receptor inhibitor LY2109761 and specific inhibitor of Smad3 (SIS3) were administered to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. The results showed that ATRA inhibited hair follicle growth, promoted TGF-β2 expression and activated phosphorylation of Smad2/3. In addition, ATRA inhibited cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle at G1 phase and induced apoptosis of DPCs by enhancing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and promoted the cleavage of caspase-3. Furthermore, LY2109761 or SIS3 partially reversed the decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis that were induced by ATRA. In conclusion, ATRA could inhibit hair follicle growth via inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of DPCs partially through the TGF-β2/Smad2/3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiao Nan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130112, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130112, People's Republic of China
| | - Huazhe Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130112, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Lou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dianyong Wang
- Changli Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Changli, Hebei, 066600, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- Changli Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Changli, Hebei, 066600, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066004, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130112, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Paus R, Ramot Y, Kirsner RS, Tomic-Canic M. Topical L-thyroxine: The Cinderella among hormones waiting to dance on the floor of dermatological therapy? Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:910-923. [PMID: 32682336 PMCID: PMC7722149 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Topical hormone therapy with natural or synthetic ligands of nuclear hormone receptors such as glucocorticoids, vitamin D analogues and retinoids has a long and highly successful tradition in dermatology. Yet the dermatological potential of thyroid hormone receptor (TR) agonists has been widely ignored, despite abundant clinical, cell and molecular biology, mouse in vivo, and human skin and hair follicle organ culture data documenting a role of TR-mediated signalling in skin physiology and pathology. Here, we review this evidence, with emphasis on wound healing and hair growth, and specifically highlight the therapeutic potential of repurposing topical L-thyroxine (T4) for selected applications in future dermatological therapy. We underscore the known systemic safety and efficacy profile of T4 in clinical medicine, and the well-documented impact of thyroid hormones on, for example, human epidermal and hair follicle physiology, hair follicle epithelial stem cells and pigmentation, keratin expression, mitochondrial energy metabolism and wound healing. On this background, we argue that short-term topical T4 treatment deserves careful further preclinical and clinical exploration for repurposing as a low-cost, effective and widely available dermatotherapeutic, namely in the management of skin ulcers and telogen effluvium, and that its predictable adverse effects are well-manageable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester & NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
| | - Yuval Ramot
- Department of Dermatology, Hadassah Medical Center, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Robert S. Kirsner
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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18
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Cultivation of Hair Matrix Cells from Cashmere Goat Skins and Exemplified Applications. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081400. [PMID: 32806500 PMCID: PMC7460477 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A large scale of sequencing data pertaining to cashmere growth on cashmere goats have not been cost-effectively used due to the lack of in vitro cellular models, especially for hair matrix cells (HMCs)—the precursors of hair-forming keratinocytes, causing an enormous waste of data resources. Herein, we successfully isolated and cultivated previously unreported HMCs from cashmere goat skins and identified them morphologically and molecularly via their distinct appearance and signature genes’ expression from spatially adjacent dermal papilla cells. Through monitoring the effects of calcium and all-trans retinoic acid on HMCs using various biological techniques, we displayed that the cells are useful models to explore unsolved issues in hair fiber growth on goats. Therefore, our present success paves the road for further utilizing currently deposited data to unveil the secrets of cashmere growth and, ultimately, improve the quantity and quality of animal fibers. Abstract A functional interpretation of filtered candidates and predicted regulatory pathways related to cashmere growth from sequencing trials needs available cell models, especially for hair matrix cells (HMCs), whose continual proliferation and differentiation result in rapid hair growth. To fulfill such goals, we herein obtained primary goat HMCs via a microdissection-based method; optimized the selection of the culture medium and coating substances for better cell maintenance; and exemplified their usefulness through examining the effects of calcium and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on cells using immunoblotting, flow cytometry, and other techniques. As a result, we successfully acquired primary and passaged goat HMCs with typical keratinocyte morphology. Calcium-free RPMI (Roswell Park Memorial Institute) 1640 and MEM (minimum Eagle’s medium) outperformed normal DMEM/F12 (Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12) on long-term cell maintenance, whereas serum-free media K-SFM and EpiLife failed to support cell growth. HMCs differed molecularly and morphologically from their neighbor dermal papilla cells on expressions of feature genes, such as HOXC13, and on characteristic keratinocyte-like appearances versus fibroblast shapes, respectively. Higher calcium concentrations significantly stimulated the expression of the genes (e.g., KRT1 and IVL) involved in keratinocyte differentiation and, promoted cell proliferation. Moreover, 10−5 M ATRA obviously boosted goat HMC expansions and changed their cell cycle distributions compared to the controls. Our study shines a light on researches exploring the mechanisms underlying the growth of cashmere.
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19
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Tkachenko E, Singer SB, Sharma P, Barbieri J, Mostaghimi A. FDA Reports of Alopecia as an Adverse Event to Isotretinoin. J Cutan Med Surg 2020; 23:451-452. [PMID: 31337236 DOI: 10.1177/1203475419838553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Priyank Sharma
- 3 Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Barbieri
- 4 Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Arash Mostaghimi
- 3 Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Houschyar KS, Borrelli MR, Tapking C, Popp D, Puladi B, Ooms M, Chelliah MP, Rein S, Pförringer D, Thor D, Reumuth G, Wallner C, Branski LK, Siemers F, Grieb G, Lehnhardt M, Yazdi AS, Maan ZN, Duscher D. Molecular Mechanisms of Hair Growth and Regeneration: Current Understanding and Novel Paradigms. Dermatology 2020; 236:271-280. [PMID: 32163945 DOI: 10.1159/000506155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair is a defining feature of mammals and has critical functions, including protection, production of sebum, apocrine sweat and pheromones, social and sexual interactions, thermoregulation, and provision of stem cells for skin homeostasis, regeneration, and repair. The hair follicle (HF) is considered a "mini-organ," consisting of intricate and well-organized structures which originate from HF stem and progenitor cells. Dermal papilla cells are the main components of the mesenchymal compartments in the hair bulb and are instrumental in generating signals to regulate the behavior of neighboring epithelial cells during the hair cycle. Mesenchymal-epithelial interactions within the dermal papilla niche drive HF embryonic development as well as the postnatal hair growth and regeneration cycle. This review summarizes the current understanding of HF development, repair, and regeneration, with special focus on cell signaling pathways governing these processes. In particular, we discuss emerging paradigms of molecular signaling governing the dermal papilla-epithelial cellular interactions during hair growth and maintenance and the recent progress made towards tissue engineering of human hair follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow Siamak Houschyar
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mimi R Borrelli
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Christian Tapking
- Department of Surgery, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Galveston, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Popp
- Department of Surgery, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Galveston, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Behrus Puladi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Ooms
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Malcolm P Chelliah
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Susanne Rein
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, Clinic St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dominik Pförringer
- Clinic and Policlinic of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Thor
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida Gainesville, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Georg Reumuth
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Unit, Trauma Center Bergmannstrost Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Christoph Wallner
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ludwik K Branski
- Department of Surgery, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Galveston, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Frank Siemers
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Unit, Trauma Center Bergmannstrost Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Gerrit Grieb
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Havelhoehe, Teaching Hospital of the Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Lehnhardt
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Amir S Yazdi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zeshaan N Maan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Dominik Duscher
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany,
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21
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Wang ECE, Higgins CA. Immune cell regulation of the hair cycle. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:322-333. [PMID: 31903650 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate the mammalian hair cycle will lead to novel therapies and strategies to combat all forms of alopecia. Thus, in addition to the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the hair follicle, niche and microenvironmental signals that accompany the phases of growth, regression and rest need to be scrutinized. Immune cells are well described in skin homeostasis and wound healing and have recently been shown to play an important role in the mammalian hair cycle. In this review, we will summarize our current knowledge of the role of immune cells in hair cycle control and discuss their relevance to human hair cycling disorders. Increased attention to this aspect of the hair cycle will provide new avenues to manipulate hair regeneration in humans and provide better insight into developing better ex vivo models of hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne C E Wang
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claire A Higgins
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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22
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Ferreira MS, Alves PC, Callahan CM, Giska I, Farelo L, Jenny H, Mills LS, Hackländer K, Good JM, Melo‐Ferreira J. Transcriptomic regulation of seasonal coat color change in hares. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:1180-1192. [PMID: 32076506 PMCID: PMC7029059 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Color molts from summer brown to winter white coats have evolved in several species to maintain camouflage year-round in environments with seasonal snow. Despite the eco-evolutionary relevance of this key phenological adaptation, its molecular regulation has only recently begun to be addressed. Here, we analyze skin transcription changes during the autumn molt of the mountain hare (Lepus timidus) and integrate the results with an established model of gene regulation across the spring molt of the closely related snowshoe hare (L. americanus). We quantified differences in gene expression among three stages of molt progression-"brown" (early molt), "intermediate," and "white" (late molt). We found 632 differentially expressed genes, with a major pulse of expression early in the molt, followed by a milder one in late molt. The functional makeup of differentially expressed genes anchored the sampled molt stages to the developmental timeline of the hair growth cycle, associating anagen to early molt and the transition to catagen to late molt. The progression of color change was characterized by differential expression of genes involved in pigmentation, circadian, and behavioral regulation. We found significant overlap between differentially expressed genes across the seasonal molts of mountain and snowshoe hares, particularly at molt onset, suggesting conservatism of gene regulation across species and seasons. However, some discrepancies suggest seasonal differences in melanocyte differentiation and the integration of nutritional cues. Our established regulatory model of seasonal coat color molt provides an important mechanistic context to study the functional architecture and evolution of this crucial seasonal adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda S. Ferreira
- CIBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosInBIO Laboratório AssociadoUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- Departamento de BiologiaFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Paulo C. Alves
- CIBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosInBIO Laboratório AssociadoUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- Departamento de BiologiaFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Wildlife Biology ProgramUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMTUSA
| | | | - Iwona Giska
- CIBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosInBIO Laboratório AssociadoUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
| | - Liliana Farelo
- CIBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosInBIO Laboratório AssociadoUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
| | - Hannes Jenny
- Amt für Jagd und Fischerei GraubündenChurSwitzerland
| | - L. Scott Mills
- Wildlife Biology ProgramUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMTUSA
- Office of Research and Creative ScholarshipUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMTUSA
| | - Klaus Hackländer
- Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game ManagementBOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Jeffrey M. Good
- Wildlife Biology ProgramUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMTUSA
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMTUSA
| | - José Melo‐Ferreira
- CIBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosInBIO Laboratório AssociadoUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- Departamento de BiologiaFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
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23
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Huerta-Ángeles G, Brandejsová M, Štěpán P, Pavlík V, Starigazdová J, Orzol P, Kopecká K, Halamková P, Kulhánek J, Velebný V. Retinoic acid grafted to hyaluronan for skin delivery: Synthesis, stability studies, and biological evaluation. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 231:115733. [PMID: 31888823 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was grafted to hyaluronan (HA) via esterification. The reaction was mediated by mixed anhydrides. A perfect control of the degree of substitution (0.5-7.5%) was obtained by varying the molar ratio of retinoic acid in the feed. The degree of substitution plays a significant role in the long-term stability. The photodegradation of HA-ATRA upon UVA irradiation resulted in β-ionone, β-cyclocitral and 5,6-epoxy-(E)-retinoic acid. The photostability of the conjugate had increased with the combination with morin. The chemical structure of HA-ATRA and its degradation products was elucidated using NMR spectroscopy, SEC-MALLS, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). ATRA did not loss its biological activity after conjugation, as demonstrated by gene expression. The derivative was able to penetrate across the stratum corneum. Besides, HA-ATRA downregulated the expression of anti-inflammatory interleukins 6 and 8. HA-ATRA would be expected to be used for transdermal drug delivery or cosmetics.
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Key Words
- (±)-6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (trolox, PubChem CID: 40634)
- 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate (PubChem CID: 22571)
- 2-Ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate (PubChem CID: 21630)
- Antioxidants
- Avobenzone (1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3-propanedione, CID: 51040)
- Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA, PubChem CID: 517036)
- Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, PubChem CID: 31404)
- Hyaluronic acid (PubChem CID: 24728612)
- Morin hydrate (2′,3,4′,5,7-Pentahydroxyflavone, PubChem CID: 16219651)
- Retinoic acid (PubChem CID: 444795)
- Retinoids
- Retinyl palmitate (PubChem CID: 5280531)
- Skin
- hyaluronan
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Petr Štěpán
- Contipro a.s., Dolni Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolni Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Pavlík
- Contipro a.s., Dolni Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolni Dobrouč, Czech Republic; Department of Dermato-venereology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Starigazdová
- Contipro a.s., Dolni Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolni Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Paulina Orzol
- Contipro a.s., Dolni Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolni Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kopecká
- Contipro a.s., Dolni Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolni Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Halamková
- Contipro a.s., Dolni Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolni Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Kulhánek
- Contipro a.s., Dolni Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolni Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Velebný
- Contipro a.s., Dolni Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolni Dobrouč, Czech Republic
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Ho BSY, Vaz C, Ramasamy S, Chew EGY, Mohamed JS, Jaffar H, Hillmer A, Tanavde V, Bigliardi-Qi M, Bigliardi PL. Progressive expression of PPARGC1α is associated with hair miniaturization in androgenetic alopecia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8771. [PMID: 31217429 PMCID: PMC6584672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43998-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current opinion views androgens as the pathogenic driver in the miniaturization of hair follicles of androgenetic alopecia by interfering with the dermal papilla. This cannot be the sole cause and therefore it is important for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes to identify additional pathways. Comparative full transcriptome profile analysis of the hair bulb region of normal and miniaturized hair follicles from vertex and occipital region in males with and without androgenetic alopecia revealed that next to the androgen receptor as well the retinoid receptor and particularly the PPAR pathway is involved in progressive hair miniaturization. We demonstrate the concurrent up-regulation of PPARGC1a in the epithelial compartment and androgen receptor in the dermal papilla of miniaturized hair. Dynamic Ppargc1a expression in the mouse hair cycle suggests a possible role in regulating hair growth and differentiation. This is supported by reduced proliferation of human dermal papilla and predominantly epithelial keratinocytes after incubation with AICAR, the agonist for AMPK signaling which activates PPARGC1a and serves as co-activator of PPARγ. In addition, miRNA profiling shows enrichment of miRNA-targeted genes in retinoid receptors and PPARGC1α/PPARγ signaling, and antigen presentation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Siu-Yin Ho
- Experimental Dermatology Group, Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Candida Vaz
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Srinivas Ramasamy
- Experimental Dermatology Group, Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Elaine Guo Yan Chew
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Jameelah Sheik Mohamed
- Experimental Dermatology Group, Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Huma Jaffar
- National University of Singapore, YLL School of Medicine, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Axel Hillmer
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, 138672, Singapore.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany
| | - Vivek Tanavde
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, 138671, Singapore.,Division of Biological & Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Mei Bigliardi-Qi
- Experimental Dermatology Group, Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, 138648, Singapore.,Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware Street S.E., Mail Code 98 Phillips-Wangensteen Bldg., Suite 4-240, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Paul Lorenz Bigliardi
- Experimental Dermatology Group, Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, 138648, Singapore. .,Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware Street S.E., Mail Code 98 Phillips-Wangensteen Bldg., Suite 4-240, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA.
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25
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Woo YM, Kim OJ, Jo ES, Jo MY, Ahn MY, Lee YH, Li CR, Lee SH, Choi JS, Ha JM, Kim A. The effect of Lactobacillus plantarum hydrolysates promoting VEGF production on vascular growth and hair growth of C57BL/6 mice. J Anal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-019-0178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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26
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Philpott MP. Culture of the human pilosebaceous unit, hair follicle and sebaceous gland. Exp Dermatol 2019; 27:571-577. [PMID: 29693730 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Terence Kealey first pioneered the isolation and organ maintenance of human eccrine and sebaceous glands in the early to mid-1980. This led to subsequent methods describing the isolation and culture of human hair follicles, the human pilosebaceous unit as well as the sebaceous duct. The importance of these models in the study of the biology of human skin glands and appendages has been demonstrated in numerous publications and their importance as models for animal replacement, refinement and reduction (3Rs) is increasingly important. In particular, in vitro (ex vivo) hair follicle culture has played a significant part in helping elucidate the role of signalling molecules in regulating hair growth and hair fibre formation and has been especially useful in understanding metabolic aspects of hair growth. However, obtaining sufficient numbers of hair follicles is becoming increasingly difficult as plastic surgery becomes less invasive and smaller skin samples provided. There is therefore an urgent requirement for the next generation of in vitro models using cell lines and tissue engineering, and this has led to the development of immortalised cell lines as well as attempts to model hair follicle embryogenesis in vitro and development of skin on a chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Philpott
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
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Muhammad SA, Fatima N, Paracha RZ, Ali A, Chen JY. A systematic simulation-based meta-analytical framework for prediction of physiological biomarkers in alopecia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:2. [PMID: 30993080 PMCID: PMC6449998 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-019-0094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Alopecia or hair loss is a complex polygenetic and psychologically devastating disease affecting millions of men and women globally. Since the gene annotation and environmental knowledge is limited for alopecia, a systematic analysis for the identification of candidate biomarkers is required that could provide potential therapeutic targets for hair loss therapy. Results We designed an interactive framework to perform a meta-analytical study based on differential expression analysis, systems biology, and functional proteomic investigations. We analyzed eight publicly available microarray datasets and found 12 potential candidate biomarkers including three extracellular proteins from the list of differentially expressed genes with a p-value < 0.05. After expression profiling and functional analysis, we studied protein–protein interactions and observed functional associations of source proteins including WIF1, SPON1, LYZ, GPRC5B, PTPRE, ZFP36L2, HBB, PHF15, LMCD1, KRT35 and VAV3 with target proteins including APCDD1, WNT1, WNT3A, SHH, ESRI, TGFB1, and APP. Pathway analysis of these molecules revealed their role in major physiological reactions including protein metabolism, signal transduction, WNT, BMP, EDA, NOTCH and SHH pathways. These pathways regulate hair growth, hair follicle differentiation, pigmentation, and morphogenesis. We studied the regulatory role of β-catenin, Nf-kappa B, cytokines and retinoic acid in the development of hair growth. Therefore, the differential expression of these significant proteins would affect the normal level and could cause aberrations in hair growth. Conclusion Our integrative approach helps to prioritize the biomarkers that ultimately lessen the economic burden of experimental studies. It will also be valuable to discover mutants in genomic data in order to increase the identification of new biomarkers for similar problems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40709-019-0094-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Aun Muhammad
- 1Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800 Pakistan
| | - Nighat Fatima
- 2Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, 22060 Pakistan
| | - Rehan Zafar Paracha
- 3Research Center of Modeling and Simulation (RCMS), Department of Computational Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- 4Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
| | - Jake Y Chen
- 5Informatics Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama (UAB), Birmingham, USA
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Examination of Fluconazole-Induced Alopecia in an Animal Model and Human Cohort. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.01384-18. [PMID: 30455235 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01384-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluconazole-induced alopecia is a significant problem for patients receiving long-term therapy. We evaluated the hair cycle changes of fluconazole in a rat model and investigated potential molecular mechanisms. Plasma and tissue levels of retinoic acid were not found to be causal. Human patients with alopecia attributed to fluconazole also underwent detailed assessment and in both our murine model and human cohort fluconazole induced telogen effluvium. Future work further examining the mechanism of fluconazole-induced alopecia should be undertaken.
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29
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Elmaadawy E, Elgarhy LH, Shareef M. Cellular retinol-binding protein-1 expression increases with increasing clinical severity of alopecia areata. J Cosmet Dermatol 2018; 18:659-664. [PMID: 30556317 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata (AA) is multifactorial disease mostly autoimmune affecting anagen hair follicles. Many researchers hypothesize that adequate retinoic acid (RA) levels are important for proper hair follicle behavior. Previous animal studies revealed increase in RA synthesis proteins and decrease in RA degradation proteins in AA patients when compared with controls. OBJECTIVE To evaluate cellular retinol-binding protein-1 expression in lesional skin of alopecia areata in comparison with controls, in an attempt to know its role in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata . METHODS Immunohistochemical expression of cellular retinol-binding protein-1 CRBP1 was evaluated in skin biopsies taken from lesions of alopecia areata in 30 patients and 10 normal biopsy specimens taken from skin of healthy controls (HC) who were within the same age and sex. RESULTS CRBP1 expression was significantly increased in lesional alopecia areata skin in comparison with normal skin of controls (P < 0.001*). Significant positive correlation was found between expression of CRBP-1 and percentage of hair loss in the scalp (SALT score; r = 0.840, P = <0.001). CONCLUSION These results may enhance the idea of the possible role of CRBP1 in the pathogenesis of AA, and ensuring the importance of its level in AA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Elmaadawy
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Lamia H Elgarhy
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Shareef
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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30
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Effects of all-trans retinoic acid on goat dermal papilla cells cultured in vitro. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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31
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Guo H, Gao WV, Endo H, McElwee KJ. Experimental and early investigational drugs for androgenetic alopecia. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:917-932. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1353598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Guo
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wendi Victor Gao
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hiromi Endo
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Dermatology, Ohashi Hospital, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kevin John McElwee
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
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32
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Haslam IS, Jadkauskaite L, Szabó IL, Staege S, Hesebeck-Brinckmann J, Jenkins G, Bhogal RK, Lim FL, Farjo N, Farjo B, Bíró T, Schäfer M, Paus R. Oxidative Damage Control in a Human (Mini-) Organ: Nrf2 Activation Protects against Oxidative Stress-Induced Hair Growth Inhibition. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:295-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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33
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Bochner R, Samuelov L, Sarig O, Li Q, Adase CA, Isakov O, Malchin N, Vodo D, Shayevitch R, Peled A, Yu BD, Fainberg G, Warshauer E, Adir N, Erez N, Gat A, Gottlieb Y, Rogers T, Pavlovsky M, Goldberg I, Shomron N, Sandilands A, Campbell LE, MacCallum S, McLean WHI, Ast G, Gallo RL, Uitto J, Sprecher E. Calpain 12 Function Revealed through the Study of an Atypical Case of Autosomal Recessive Congenital Ichthyosis. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:385-393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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34
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Roe MM, Swain S, Sebrell TA, Sewell MA, Collins MM, Perrino BA, Smith PD, Smythies LE, Bimczok D. Differential regulation of CD103 (αE integrin) expression in human dendritic cells by retinoic acid and Toll-like receptor ligands. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 101:1169-1180. [PMID: 28087652 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1ma0316-131r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD103 (αE integrin) is an important dendritic cell (DC) marker that characterizes functionally distinct DC subsets in mice and humans. However, the mechanism by which CD103 expression is regulated in human DCs and the role of CD103 for DC function are not very well understood. Here, we show that retinoic acid (RA) treatment of human monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) increased the ability of the DCs to synthesize RA and induced MoDC expression of CD103 and β7 at the mRNA and protein level. In contrast, RA was unable to induce the expression of CD103 in primary human DCs isolated from the gastric mucosa. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling in MoDCs down-regulated RA-induced CD103 expression, indicating that TGF-β-dependent pathways contribute to the induction of CD103. Conversely, when RA-treated MoDCs were stimulated with live Helicobacter pylori, commensal bacteria, LPS, or a TLR2 agonist, the RA-induced up-regulation of CD103 and β7 integrin expression was completely abrogated. To determine whether CD103 expression impacts DC priming of CD4+ T cells, we next investigated the ability of CD103+ and CD103─ DCs to induce mucosal homing and T cell proliferation. Surprisingly, RA treatment of DCs enhanced both α4β7 expression and proliferation in cocultured T cells, but no difference was seen between RA-treated CD103+ and CD103─ DCs. In summary, our data demonstrate that RA, bacterial products, and the tissue environment all contribute to the regulation of CD103 on human DCs and that DC induction of mucosal homing in T cells is RA dependent but not CD103 dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandi M Roe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Steve Swain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - T Andrew Sebrell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Marisa A Sewell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Madison M Collins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Brian A Perrino
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Phillip D Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; and.,VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lesley E Smythies
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; and
| | - Diane Bimczok
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA;
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35
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Park YM, Han JS. A Study on the Utilization of Dendropanax morbifera Lev. Leaf Extract for Material of Functional Cosmetics and Hair Growth Products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.20402/ajbc.2016.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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36
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Jumper N, Hodgkinson T, Arscott G, Har-Shai Y, Paus R, Bayat A. The Aldo-Keto Reductase AKR1B10 Is Up-Regulated in Keloid Epidermis, Implicating Retinoic Acid Pathway Dysregulation in the Pathogenesis of Keloid Disease. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1500-1512. [PMID: 27025872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Keloid disease is a recurrent fibroproliferative cutaneous tumor of unknown pathogenesis for which clinical management remains unsatisfactory. To obtain new insights into hitherto underappreciated aspects of keloid pathobiology, we took a laser capture microdissection-based, whole-genome microarray analysis approach to identify distinct keloid disease-associated gene expression patterns within defined keloid regions. Identification of the aldo-keto reductase enzyme AKR1B10 as highly up-regulated in keloid epidermis suggested that an imbalance of retinoic acid metabolism is likely associated with keloid disease. Here, we show that AKR1B10 transfection into normal human keratinocytes reproduced the abnormal retinoic acid pathway expression pattern we had identified in keloid epidermis. Cotransfection of AKR1B10 with a luciferase reporter plasmid showed reduced retinoic acid response element activity, supporting the hypothesis of retinoic acid synthesis deficiency in keloid epidermis. Paracrine signals released by AKR1B10-overexpressing keratinocytes into conditioned medium resulted in up-regulation of transforming growth factor-β1, transforming growth factor-β2, and collagens I and III in both keloid and normal skin fibroblasts, mimicking the typical profibrotic keloid profile. Our study results suggest that insufficient retinoic acid synthesis by keloid epidermal keratinocytes may contribute to the pathogenesis of keloid disease. We refocus attention on the role of injured epithelium in keloid disease and identify AKR1B10 as a potential new target in future management of keloid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Jumper
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tom Hodgkinson
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Guyan Arscott
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Yaron Har-Shai
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ardeshir Bayat
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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37
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Let-7b promotes alpaca hair growth via transcriptional repression of TGFβR I. Gene 2015; 577:32-6. [PMID: 26611528 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The young male alpaca ear and the back skins were used to investigate the effect of transforming growth factor receptor-β I (TGFβR I) on alpaca hair follicles and hair growth. The expression level and location of TGFβR I in alpaca ear and dorsal skin were detected through real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) and paraffin section immunohistochemical technique (ICC-P). The results shown TGFβR I was lower expression in back skin compared to ear skin and the mean density of the positive reaction in ear skin was significantly higher than back skin. The targeted relationship with let-7b was detected using the dual-luciferase reporter vector of TGFβR I, which showed a significant target relationship between let-7b and TGFβR I. After transfection with let-7b eukaryotic expression vector, the relative mRNA expression of TGFβR I in alpaca skin fibroblasts did not differ, while the relative protein level was significantly decreased. In summary, a higher TGFβR I expression level in the ear skin suggests that TGFβR I may inhibit coat hair elongation. Further studies showed TGFβR I protein was downregulated by let-7b through transcriptional repression.
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38
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Langan EA, Philpott MP, Kloepper JE, Paus R. Human hair follicle organ culture: theory, application and perspectives. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:903-11. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewan A. Langan
- Department of Dermatology; University of Luebeck; Luebeck Germany
- Centre for Cutaneous Research; Blizard Institute; Queen Mary University; London UK
| | - Michael P. Philpott
- Centre for Cutaneous Research; Blizard Institute; Queen Mary University; London UK
| | | | - Ralf Paus
- Dermatology Research Centre; Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- Department of Dermatology; University of Muenster; Muenster Germany
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All-Trans Retinoic Acid Induces TGF-β2 in Intestinal Epithelial Cells via RhoA- and p38α MAPK-Mediated Activation of the Transcription Factor ATF2. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26225425 PMCID: PMC4520553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We have shown previously that preterm infants are at risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), an inflammatory bowel necrosis typically seen in infants born prior to 32 weeks’ gestation, because of the developmental deficiency of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 in the intestine. The present study was designed to investigate all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) as an inducer of TGF-β2 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and to elucidate the involved signaling mechanisms. Methods AtRA effects on intestinal epithelium were investigated using IEC6 cells. TGF-β2 expression was measured using reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blots. Signaling pathways were investigated using Western blots, transiently-transfected/transduced cells, kinase arrays, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and selective small molecule inhibitors. Results AtRA-treatment of IEC6 cells selectively increased TGF-β2 mRNA and protein expression in a time- and dose-dependent fashion, and increased the activity of the TGF-β2 promoter. AtRA effects were mediated via RhoA GTPase, Rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), p38α MAPK, and activating transcription factor (ATF)-2. AtRA increased phospho-ATF2 binding to the TGF-β2 promoter and increased histone H2B acetylation in the TGF-β2 nucleosome, which is typically associated with transcriptional activation. Conclusions AtRA induces TGF-β2 expression in IECs via RhoA- and p38α MAPK-mediated activation of the transcription factor ATF2. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of atRA as a protective/therapeutic agent in gut mucosal inflammation.
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40
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Mouse hair cycle expression dynamics modeled as coupled mesenchymal and epithelial oscillators. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003914. [PMID: 25375120 PMCID: PMC4222602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The hair cycle is a dynamic process where follicles repeatedly move through phases of growth, retraction, and relative quiescence. This process is an example of temporal and spatial biological complexity. Understanding of the hair cycle and its regulation would shed light on many other complex systems relevant to biological and medical research. Currently, a systematic characterization of gene expression and summarization within the context of a mathematical model is not yet available. Given the cyclic nature of the hair cycle, we felt it was important to consider a subset of genes with periodic expression. To this end, we combined several mathematical approaches with high-throughput, whole mouse skin, mRNA expression data to characterize aspects of the dynamics and the possible cell populations corresponding to potentially periodic patterns. In particular two gene clusters, demonstrating properties of out-of-phase synchronized expression, were identified. A mean field, phase coupled oscillator model was shown to quantitatively recapitulate the synchronization observed in the data. Furthermore, we found only one configuration of positive-negative coupling to be dynamically stable, which provided insight on general features of the regulation. Subsequent bifurcation analysis was able to identify and describe alternate states based on perturbation of system parameters. A 2-population mixture model and cell type enrichment was used to associate the two gene clusters to features of background mesenchymal populations and rapidly expanding follicular epithelial cells. Distinct timing and localization of expression was also shown by RNA and protein imaging for representative genes. Taken together, the evidence suggests that synchronization between expanding epithelial and background mesenchymal cells may be maintained, in part, by inhibitory regulation, and potential mediators of this regulation were identified. Furthermore, the model suggests that impairing this negative regulation will drive a bifurcation which may represent transition into a pathological state such as hair miniaturization. The hair cycle represents a complex process of particular interest in the study of regulated proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. While various modeling strategies are presented in the literature, none attempt to link extensive molecular details, provided by high-throughput experiments, with high-level, system properties. Thus, we re-analyzed a previously published mRNA expression time course study and found that we could readily identify a sizeable subset of genes that was expressed in synchrony with the hair cycle itself. The data is summarized in a dynamic, mathematical model of coupled oscillators. We demonstrate that a particular coupling scheme is sufficient to explain the observed synchronization. Further analysis associated specific expression patterns to general yet distinct cell populations, background mesenchymal and rapidly expanding follicular epithelial cells. Experimental imaging results are presented to show the localization of candidate genes from each population. Taken together, the results describe a possible mechanism for regulation between epithelial and mesenchymal populations. We also described an alternate state similar to hair miniaturization, which is predicted by the oscillator model. This study exemplifies the strengths of combining systems-level analysis with high-throughput experimental data to obtain a novel view of a complex system such as the hair cycle.
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Singh M, Jadhav HR. Melatonin: functions and ligands. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:1410-8. [PMID: 24792719 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a chronobiotic substance that acts as synchronizer by stabilizing bodily rhythms. Its synthesis occurs in various locations throughout the body, including the pineal gland, skin, lymphocytes and gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Its synthesis and secretion is controlled by light and dark conditions, whereby light decreases and darkness increases its production. Thus, melatonin is also known as the 'hormone of darkness'. Melatonin and analogs that bind to the melatonin receptors are important because of their role in the management of depression, insomnia, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease (AD), diabetes, obesity, alopecia, migraine, cancer, and immune and cardiac disorders. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of action of melatonin in these disorders, which could aid in the design of novel melatonin receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahaveer Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Hemant R Jadhav
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
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Zito G, Saotome I, Liu Z, Ferro EG, Sun TY, Nguyen DX, Bilguvar K, Ko CJ, Greco V. Spontaneous tumour regression in keratoacanthomas is driven by Wnt/retinoic acid signalling cross-talk. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3543. [PMID: 24667544 PMCID: PMC3974217 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A fundamental goal in cancer biology is to identify the cells and signalling pathways that are keys to induce tumour regression. Here we use a spontaneously self-regressing tumour, cutaneous keratoacanthoma (KAs), to identify physiological mechanisms that drive tumour regression. By using a mouse model system that recapitulates the behaviour of human KAs, we show that self-regressing tumours shift their balance to a differentiation programme during regression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that developmental programs utilized for skin hair follicle regeneration, such as Wnt, are hijacked to sustain tumour growth and that the retinoic acid (RA) signalling pathway promotes tumour regression by inhibiting Wnt signalling. Finally, we find that RA signalling can induce regression of malignant tumours that do not normally spontaneously regress, such as squamous cell carcinomas. These findings provide new insights into the physiological mechanisms of tumour regression and suggest therapeutic strategies to induce tumour regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Zito
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Ichiko Saotome
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Zongzhi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Enrico G. Ferro
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Thomas Y. Sun
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Don X. Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Kaya Bilguvar
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Christine J. Ko
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Valentina Greco
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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Semalty A, Semalty M, Joshi GP, Rawat MSM. Techniques for the discovery and evaluation of drugs against alopecia. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2012; 6:309-21. [PMID: 22647205 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2011.553831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hair care, color and style play an important role in physical appearance and self-perception. Hair loss or alopecia is a common dermatological and affective disorder. Factors contributing to alopecia include genetic predisposition, hormonal factors, disease status, side effects of chemotherapeutic agents and stress. To keep pace with the demand for drugs for alopecia, attempts are being made to explore drugs with hair-growth-promotion activity. To explore and evaluate these, it is necessary to be familiar with the basics and the availability and suitability of techniques and experimental models of hair growth activity assessment. AREAS COVERED Basic and advanced techniques and models for assessing hair growth activity. A variety of pharmacological models of hair growth are reviewed. This review will help in selecting a suitable, relevant, inexpensive, easy and reliable model for hair growth assessment. EXPERT OPINION There is a need to identify the genes involved in hair follicle growth for the production of more effective animal models of the disorder. Standardization of pharmacological models will also be essential for better comparison and validation of results. Recently developed hair follicle organ culture models are a suitable, relevant and inexpensive alternative to traditional whole-animal pharmacological models and will, largely, replace whole-animal systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Semalty
- H.NB Garhwal (Central) University Srinagar, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PB No.-106, Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India +91 1346 211502 ; +91 1346 252174 ;
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Okano J, Levy C, Lichti U, Sun HW, Yuspa SH, Sakai Y, Morasso MI. Cutaneous retinoic acid levels determine hair follicle development and downgrowth. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:39304-15. [PMID: 23007396 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.397273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is essential during embryogenesis and for tissue homeostasis, whereas excess RA is well known as a teratogen. In humans, excess RA is associated with hair loss. In the present study, we demonstrate that specific levels of RA, regulated by Cyp26b1, one of the RA-degrading enzymes, are required for hair follicle (hf) morphogenesis. Mice with embryonic ablation of Cyp26b1 (Cyp26b1(-/-)) have excessive endogenous RA, resulting in arrest of hf growth at the hair germ stage. The altered hf development is rescued by grafting the mutant skin on immunodeficient mice. Our results show that normalization of RA levels is associated with reinitiation of hf development. Conditional deficiency of Cyp26b1 in the dermis (En1Cre;Cyp26b1f/-) results in decreased hair follicle density and specific effect on hair type, indicating that RA levels also influence regulators of hair bending. Our results support the model of RA-dependent dermal signals regulating hf downgrowth and bending. To elucidate target gene pathways of RA, we performed microarray and RNA-Seq profiling of genes differentially expressed in Cyp26b1(-/-) skin and En1Cre;Cyp26b1f/- tissues. We show specific effects on the Wnt-catenin pathway and on members of the Runx, Fox, and Sox transcription factor families, indicating that RA modulates pathways and factors implicated in hf downgrowth and bending. Our results establish that proper RA distribution is essential for morphogenesis, development, and differentiation of hfs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Okano
- Developmental Skin Biology Section, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Obinata A, Akimoto Y. Effects of retinoic acid and Gbx1 on feather-bud formation and epidermal transdifferentiation in chick embryonic cultured dorsal skin. Dev Dyn 2012; 241:1405-12. [PMID: 22826214 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoic acid, an active metabolite of retinol, is known to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis during normal development of many tissues. Using chick embryonic tarsometatarsal skin, we showed previously that the expression of Gbx1, a divergent homeobox gene, is increased in the epidermis through interaction with retinol-pretreated dermal fibroblasts followed by epidermal transdifferentiation to mucous epithelium. This present study was performed to elucidate the effects of retinoic acid and Gbx1 on feather-bud formation and epidermal transdifferentiation. RESULTS We showed that Gbx1 was expressed in the chick embryonic dorsal epidermis as early as at placode stage (Hamburger and Hamilton stage 31) and increased in amount during feather-bud formation. Treatment with 1 μM retinoic acid for 24 hr inhibited feather-bud formation and induced the transdifferentiation of the epidermis to a mucosal epithelium with a concomitant increase in Gbx1 mRNA expression in the epithelium. Furthermore, transient transfection of the epidermis with Gbx1 cDNA by electroporation induced elongation of the feather bud, but did not result in transdifferentiation. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that Gbx1 was involved in the feather-bud formation and was one of target genes of retinoic acid and that other signals in addition to Gbx1 were required for epidermal mucous transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Obinata
- Department of Physiological Chemistry II, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Hu HM, Zhang SB, Lei XH, Deng ZL, Guo WX, Qiu ZF, Liu S, Wang XY, Zhang H, Duan EK. Estrogen leads to reversible hair cycle retardation through inducing premature catagen and maintaining telogen. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40124. [PMID: 22792225 PMCID: PMC3390338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen dysregulation causes hair disorder. Clinical observations have demonstrated that estrogen raises the telogen/anagen ratio and inhibits hair shaft elongation of female scalp hair follicles. In spite of these clinical insights, the properties of estrogen on hair follicles are poorly dissected. In the present study, we show that estrogen induced apoptosis of precortex cells and caused premature catagen by up-regulation of TGF β2. Immediately after the premature catagen, the expression of anagen chalone BMP4 increased. The up-regulation of BMP4 may further function to prevent anagen transition and maintain telogen. Interestingly, the hair follicle stem cell niche was not destructed during these drastic structural changes caused by estrogen. Additionally, dermal papilla cells, the estrogen target cells in hair follicles, kept their signature gene expressions as well as their hair inductive potential after estrogen treatment. Retention of the characteristics of both hair follicle stem cells and dermal papilla cells determined the reversibility of the hair cycle suppression. These results indicated that estrogen causes reversible hair cycle retardation by inducing premature catagen and maintaining telogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-hua Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-li Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-xiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-fang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhang
- West North Agri-forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - En-kui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Flori L, Gonzatti MI, Thevenon S, Chantal I, Pinto J, Berthier D, Aso PM, Gautier M. A quasi-exclusive European ancestry in the Senepol tropical cattle breed highlights the importance of the slick locus in tropical adaptation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36133. [PMID: 22675421 PMCID: PMC3366548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Senepol cattle breed (SEN) was created in the early XXth century from a presumed cross between a European (EUT) breed (Red Poll) and a West African taurine (AFT) breed (N’Dama). Well adapted to tropical conditions, it is also believed trypanotolerant according to its putative AFT ancestry. However, such origins needed to be verified to define relevant husbandry practices and the genetic background underlying such adaptation needed to be characterized. Methodology/Principal Findings We genotyped 153 SEN individuals on 47,365 SNPs and combined the resulting data with those available on 18 other populations representative of EUT, AFT and Zebu (ZEB) cattle. We found on average 89% EUT, 10.4% ZEB and 0.6% AFT ancestries in the SEN genome. We further looked for footprints of recent selection using standard tests based on the extent of haplotype homozygosity. We underlined i) three footprints on chromosome (BTA) 01, two of which are within or close to the polled locus underlying the absence of horns and ii) one footprint on BTA20 within the slick hair coat locus, involved in thermotolerance. Annotation of these regions allowed us to propose three candidate genes to explain the observed signals (TIAM1, GRIK1 and RAI14). Conclusions/Significance Our results do not support the accepted concept about the AFT origin of SEN breed. Initial AFT ancestry (if any) might have been counter-selected in early generations due to breeding objectives oriented in particular toward meat production and hornless phenotype. Therefore, SEN animals are likely susceptible to African trypanosomes which questions the importation of SEN within the West African tsetse belt, as promoted by some breeding societies. Besides, our results revealed that SEN breed is predominantly a EUT breed well adapted to tropical conditions and confirmed the importance in thermotolerance of the slick locus.
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Holub B, Kloepper J, Tóth B, Bíro T, Kofler B, Paus R. The neuropeptide galanin is a novel inhibitor of human hair growth. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167:10-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10890.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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