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Suzuki T, Chéret J, Scala FD, Rajabi-Estarabadi A, Akhundlu A, Demetrius DL, Gherardini J, Keren A, Harries M, Rodriguez-Feliz J, Epstein G, Lee W, Purba T, Gilhar A, Paus R. Interleukin-15 is a hair follicle immune privilege guardian. J Autoimmun 2024; 145:103217. [PMID: 38581915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The autoimmunity-promoting cytokine, Interleukin-15 (IL-15), is often claimed to be a key pathogenic cytokine in alopecia areata (AA). Yet, rhIL-15 promotes human hair follicle (HF) growth ex vivo. We have asked whether the expression of IL-15 and its receptor (IL-15R) isoforms is altered in human AA and how IL-15 impacts on human HF immune privilege (HF-IP) in the presence/absence of interferon-γ (IFNγ), the well-documented key AA-pathogenic cytokine, as well as on hair regrowth after experimental AA induction in vivo. Quantitative immunohistomorphometry showed the number of perifollicular IL-15+ T cells in AA skin biopsies to be significantly increased compared to healthy control skin, while IL-15, IL-15Rα, and IL-15Rγ protein expression within the hair bulb were significantly down-regulated in AA HFs. In organ-cultured human scalp HFs, rhIL-15 significantly reduced hair bulb expression of MICA, the key "danger" signal in AA pathogenesis, and increased production of the HF-IP guardian, α-MSH. Crucially, ex vivo, rhIL-15 prevented IFNγ-induced HF-IP collapse, restored a collapsed HF-IP by IL-15Rα-dependent signaling (as documented by IL-15Rα-silencing), and protected AA-preventive immunoinhibitory iNKT10 cells from IFNγ-induced apoptosis. rhIL-15 even promoted hair regrowth after experimental AA induction in human scalp skin xenotransplants on SCID/beige mice in vivo. Our data introduce IL-15 as a novel, functionally important HF-IP guardian whose signaling is constitutively defective in scalp HFs of AA patients. Our data suggest that selective stimulation of intrafollicular IL-15Rα signaling could become a novel therapeutic approach in AA management, while blocking it pharmacologically may hinder both HF-IP restoration and hair re-growth and may thus make HFs more vulnerable to AA relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Suzuki
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jérémy Chéret
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Fernanda D Scala
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ali Rajabi-Estarabadi
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Dermatology, Broward Health, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Aysun Akhundlu
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dana-Lee Demetrius
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer Gherardini
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aviad Keren
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Matthew Harries
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK
| | | | - Gorana Epstein
- Foundation for Hair Restoration, 33143, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Wendy Lee
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Talveen Purba
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Amos Gilhar
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; CUTANEON - Skin & Hair Innovations, Hamburg, Germany.
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2
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Thi VAD, Jeon HM, Park SM, Lee H, Kim YS. Cell-Based IL-15:IL-15Rα Secreting Vaccine as an Effective Therapy for CT26 Colon Cancer in Mice. Mol Cells 2019; 42:869-883. [PMID: 31760731 PMCID: PMC6939657 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-15 is an essential immune-modulator with high potential for use in cancer treatment. Natural IL-15 has a low biological potency because of its short half-life and difficulties in mass-production. IL-15Rα, a member of the IL-15 receptor complex, is famous for its high affinity to IL-15 and its ability to lengthen the half-life of IL-15. We have double-transfected IL-15 and its truncated receptor IL-15Rα into CT26 colon cancer cells to target them for intracellular assembly. The secreted IL-15:IL-15Rα complexes were confirmed in ELISA and Co-IP experiments. IL-15:IL15Rα secreting clones showed a higher anti-tumor effect than IL-15 secreting clones. Furthermore, we also evaluated the vaccine and therapeutic efficacy of the whole cancercell vaccine using mitomycin C (MMC)-treated IL-15:IL15Rα secreting CT26 clones. Three sets of experiments were evaluated; (1) therapeutics, (2) vaccination, and (3) longterm protection. Wild-type CT26-bearing mice treated with a single dose of MMC-inactivated secreted IL-15:IL-15Rα clones prolonged survival compared to the control group. Survival of MMC-inactivated IL-15:IL-15Rα clone-vaccinated mice (without any further adjuvant) exceeded up to 100%. This protection effect even lasted for at least three months after the immunization. Secreted IL-15:IL-15Rα clones challenging trigger anti-tumor response via CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and natural killer (NK) cell-dependent cytotoxicity. Our result suggested that cell-based vaccine secreting IL-15:IL-15Rα, may offer the new tools for immunotherapy to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Anh Do Thi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Hyung Min Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Hayyoung Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Young Sang Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
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3
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Finch DK, Stolberg VR, Ferguson J, Alikaj H, Kady MR, Richmond BW, Polosukhin VV, Blackwell TS, McCloskey L, Curtis JL, Freeman CM. Lung Dendritic Cells Drive Natural Killer Cytotoxicity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease via IL-15Rα. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 198:1140-1150. [PMID: 29676596 PMCID: PMC6221577 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201712-2513oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Lung natural killer cells (NKs) kill a greater percentage of autologous lung parenchymal cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) than in nonobstructed smokers. To become cytotoxic, NKs require priming, typically by dendritic cells (DCs), but whether priming occurs in the lungs in COPD is unknown. METHODS We used lung tissue and in some cases peripheral blood from patients undergoing clinically indicated resections to determine in vitro killing of CD326+ lung epithelial cells by isolated lung CD56+ NKs. We also measured the cytotoxicity of unprimed blood NKs after preincubation with lung DCs. To investigate mechanisms of DC-mediated priming, we used murine models of COPD induced by cigarette smoke (CS) exposure or by polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) deficiency, and blocked IL-15Rα (IL-15 receptor α subunit) trans-presentation by genetic and antibody approaches. RESULTS Human lung NKs killed isolated autologous lung epithelial cells; cytotoxicity was increased (P = 0.0001) in COPD, relative to smokers without obstruction. Similarly, increased lung NK cytotoxicity compared with control subjects was observed in CS-exposed mice and pIgR-/- mice. Blood NKs both from smokers without obstruction and subjects with COPD showed minimal epithelial cell killing, but in COPD, preincubation with lung DCs increased cytotoxicity. NKs were primed by CS-exposed murine DCs in vitro and in vivo. Inhibiting IL-15Rα trans-presentation eliminated NK priming both by murine CS-exposed DCs and by lung DCs from subjects with COPD. CONCLUSIONS Heightened NK cytotoxicity against lung epithelial cells in COPD results primarily from lung DC-mediated priming via IL-15 trans-presentation on IL-15Rα. Future studies are required to test whether increased NK cytotoxicity contributes to COPD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna K. Finch
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie R. Stolberg
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - John Ferguson
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Henrih Alikaj
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mohamed R. Kady
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bradley W. Richmond
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lisa McCloskey
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jeffrey L. Curtis
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Section, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christine M. Freeman
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
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4
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Van den Bergh JMJ, Smits ELJM, Versteven M, De Reu H, Berneman ZN, Van Tendeloo VFI, Lion E. Characterization of Interleukin-15-Transpresenting Dendritic Cells for Clinical Use. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:1975902. [PMID: 28785596 PMCID: PMC5530419 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1975902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized dendritic cell- (DC-) based vaccination has proven to be safe and effective as second-line therapy against various cancer types. In terms of overall survival, there is still room for improvement of DC-based therapies, including the development of more immunostimulatory DC vaccines. In this context, we redesigned our currently clinically used DC vaccine generation protocol to enable transpresentation of interleukin- (IL-) 15 to IL-15Rβγ-expressing cells aiming at boosting the antitumor immune response. In this study, we demonstrate that upon electroporation with both IL-15 and IL-15Rα-encoding messenger RNA, mature DC become highly positive for surface IL-15, without influencing the expression of prototypic mature DC markers and with preservation of their cytokine-producing capacity and their migratory profile. Functionally, we show that IL-15-transpresenting DC are equal if not better inducers of T-cell proliferation and are superior in tumor antigen-specific T-cell activation compared with DC without IL-15 conditioning. In view of the clinical use of DC vaccines, we evidence with a time- and cost-effective manner that clinical grade DC can be safely engineered to transpresent IL-15, hereby gaining the ability to transfer the immune-stimulating IL-15 signal towards antitumor immune effector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. J. Van den Bergh
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - E. L. J. M. Smits
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - M. Versteven
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - H. De Reu
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Z. N. Berneman
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - V. F. I. Van Tendeloo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - E. Lion
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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5
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Choi J, Lee ES, Choi B, Sohn S. Therapeutic potency of Poly I:C in HSV-induced inflammation through up-regulation of IL-15 receptor alpha. Immunobiology 2013; 218:1119-30. [PMID: 23618691 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-15 receptor alpha (IL-15Rα) forms stable complex with IL-15 on the cell surface of activated monocytes and mediates the proliferation of memory CD8+ T cells. Recent studies informed that polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) is an immunostimulant which boosts the generation of memory T cells through induction of IL-15Rα. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relevance of IL-15Rα in Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-induced Behçet's disease (BD) mouse model and BD patients. The frequencies of IL-15Rα expression in PBMCs of BD patients and BD-like symptomatic mice were analyzed by flow cytometry. In addition, Poly I:C supplementation could reduce inflammation through the up-regulation of memory T cells and IL-15Rα+ cells accompany with down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-17A in BD mice. In BD patients, the frequencies of IL-15Rα expression in PBMCs were also significantly different between the inactive and active disease states. These results suggest that IL-15Rα is a relevant factor in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Choi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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6
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Van Belle TL, Dooms H, Boonefaes T, Wei XQ, Leclercq G, Grooten J. IL-15 augments TCR-induced CD4+ T cell expansion in vitro by inhibiting the suppressive function of CD25 High CD4+ T cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45299. [PMID: 23028916 PMCID: PMC3447928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its critical role in NK cell differentiation and CD8+ T cell homeostasis, the importance of IL-15 is more firmly established for cytolytic effectors of the immune system than for CD4+ T cells. The increased levels of IL-15 found in several CD4+ T cell-driven (auto-) immune diseases prompted us to examine how IL-15 influences murine CD4+ T cell responses to low dose TCR-stimulation in vitro. We show that IL-15 exerts growth factor activity on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in a TCR-dependent and Cyclosporin A-sensitive manner. In CD4+ T cells, IL-15 augmented initial IL-2-dependent expansion and once IL-15Rα was upregulated, IL-15 sustained the TCR-induced expression of IL-2/15Rβ, supporting proliferation independently of secreted IL-2. Moreover, IL-15 counteracts CD4+ T cell suppression by a gradually expanding CD25HighCD4+ T cell subset that expresses Foxp3 and originates from CD4+CD25+ Tregs. These in vitro data suggest that IL-15 may dramatically strengthen the T cell response to suboptimal TCR-triggering by overcoming an activation threshold set by Treg that might create a risk for autoimmune pathology.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclosporine/pharmacology
- Flow Cytometry
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance
- Interleukin-15/immunology
- Interleukin-15/pharmacology
- Interleukin-15 Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-15 Receptor alpha Subunit/immunology
- Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-2/metabolism
- Interleukin-2 Receptor beta Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-2 Receptor beta Subunit/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Mice
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom L. Van Belle
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail: (JG); (TVB)
| | - Hans Dooms
- Arthritis Center/Rheumatology Section, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tom Boonefaes
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiao-Qing Wei
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, Dental School, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Georges Leclercq
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johan Grooten
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail: (JG); (TVB)
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7
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Pan W, Wu X, Kastin AJ, Zhang Y, Hsuchou H, Halberg F, Chatu F, Khan RS, Robert B, Cornelissen-Guillaume GG. Potential protective role of IL15Rα during inflammation. J Mol Neurosci 2010; 43:412-23. [PMID: 20981579 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-010-9459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that TNFα specifically activates the interleukin-15 (IL15) system in cerebral endothelial cells composing the blood-brain barrier. To determine the functions of cerebral IL15 signaling in inflammation, we first treated mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and determined the expression of the three receptor subtypes of IL15. Robust time-dependent upregulation occurred in all subunits. We then tested whether IL15Rα knockout (KO) affected the maintenance of body temperature and activity level after a single dose of LPS. Circadian telemetry data were analyzed by the cosinor method. Both wild-type and KO mice had clear 24-h rhythms of basal temperature and activity. KO mice had a significantly higher midline estimating statistic of rhythm (MESOR; approximating 24 h mean) of temperature and delayed 24-h acrophase (peak) of activity than the wild-type mice. LPS disrupted the circadian rhythm of activity more severely in the KO group. Besides a decrease in MESOR and 24-h amplitude of activity after LPS, the KO mice showed a significant reduction of MESOR, amplitude, and changed acrophase for temperature on the second of 2 days. The disrupted circadian rhythm of temperature and activity in the KO mice after LPS suggests that upregulated IL15 receptors may serve a beneficial role to counteract the consequences of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Pan
- Blood-Brain Barrier Group, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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8
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Kraynyak KA, Kutzler MA, Cisper NJ, Laddy DJ, Morrow MP, Waldmann TA, Weiner DB. Plasmid-encoded interleukin-15 receptor alpha enhances specific immune responses induced by a DNA vaccine in vivo. Hum Gene Ther 2009; 20:1143-56. [PMID: 19530914 PMCID: PMC2829284 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2009.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmid-encoded DNA vaccines appear to be a safe and effective method for delivering antigen; however, the immunogenicity of such vaccines is often suboptimal. Cytokine adjuvants including interleukin (IL)-12, RANTES, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-15, and others have been used to augment the immune response against DNA vaccines. In particular, IL-15 binds to a unique high-affinity receptor, IL-15R alpha; is trans-presented to CD8(+) T cells expressing the common betagamma chain; and has been shown to play a role in the generation, maintenance, and proliferation of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells. In this study, we took the unique approach of using both a cytokine and its receptor as an adjuvant in an HIV-1 vaccine strategy. To study IL-15R alpha expression, a unique monoclonal antibody (KK1.23) was generated to confirm receptor expression in vitro. Coimmunization of IL-15 and IL-15R alpha plasmids with HIV-1 antigenic plasmids in mice enhanced the antigen-specific immune response 2-fold over IL-15 immunoadjuvant alone. Furthermore, plasmid-encoded IL-15R alpha augments immune responses in the absence of IL-15, suggesting its role as a novel adjuvant. Moreover, pIL-15R alpha enhanced the cellular, but not the humoral, immune response as measured by antigen-specific IgG antibody. This is the first report describing that IL-15R alpha itself can act as an adjuvant by enhancing an antigen-specific T cell response. Uniquely, pIL-15 and pIL-15R alpha adjuvants combined, but not the receptor alpha chain alone, may be useful as a strategy for generating and maintaining memory CD8(+) T cells in a DNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A. Kraynyak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Michele A. Kutzler
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | - Neil J. Cisper
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Dominick J. Laddy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Matthew P. Morrow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Thomas A. Waldmann
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - David B. Weiner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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9
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Mian MF, Pek EA, Mossman KL, Stämpfli MR, Ashkar AA. Exposure to cigarette smoke suppresses IL-15 generation and its regulatory NK cell functions in poly I:C-augmented human PBMCs. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:3108-16. [PMID: 19592095 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Both NK cells and IL-15 play crucial roles in innate immunity against viral infections and cancer. Cigarette smoke is known to increase susceptibility to infections and certain cancers. Interleukin (IL)-15 plays an important role in immune responses by regulating proliferation, survival and functions of NK cells. Here, we examined the impact of cigarette smoke on IL-15 production and IL-15 mediated NK cell functions in human PBMCs. We report that cigarette smoke significantly suppresses the induction of IL-15 by poly I:C in human PBMCs. Serum IL-15 levels among smokers was significantly lower than non-smokers. In contrast to a profound increases in intracellular IL-15/IL-15Ralpha in poly I:C-treated PBMCs, exposure of PBMCs to smoke-conditioned media (SCM) diminished the IL-15/IL-15Ralpha production. We examined if inhibition of IL-15 production could lead to less NK cell activation. Interestingly, SCM-treated PBMCs had diminished up-regulation of NK cell activation marker, CD69, but not NKG2D compared with controls after poly I:C stimulation. We then confirmed by using IL-15 neutralizing antibody as well as exogenous IL-15 that the ploy I:C-induced NK cells activation was IL-15 mediated. More importantly, cigarette smoke significantly impaired NK cell cytolytic potential to kill K562 cancer cells which was found to be IL-15 mediated. The inhibition of IL-15 and its regulatory NK cell activities were linked to attenuated STAT3 and STAT5, but not ERK1/2 phosphorylations. We demonstrate, for the first time, that cigarette smoke compromises IL-15 production and as a result NK cell function which could link to the higher incidence of cancers or viral infections observed among smokers.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/drug effects
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/drug effects
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/immunology
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Humans
- Interferon Inducers/pharmacology
- Interleukin-15/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-15/blood
- Interleukin-15 Receptor alpha Subunit/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-15 Receptor alpha Subunit/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/drug effects
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/immunology
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Phosphorylation/immunology
- Poly I-C/pharmacology
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/immunology
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/immunology
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Smoke/adverse effects
- Smoking/adverse effects
- Smoking/blood
- Smoking/immunology
- Nicotiana/adverse effects
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Affiliation(s)
- M Firoz Mian
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Gene Therapeutics, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
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10
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Viaud S, Terme M, Flament C, Taieb J, André F, Novault S, Escudier B, Robert C, Caillat-Zucman S, Tursz T, Zitvogel L, Chaput N. Dendritic cell-derived exosomes promote natural killer cell activation and proliferation: a role for NKG2D ligands and IL-15Ralpha. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4942. [PMID: 19319200 PMCID: PMC2657211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) derived-exosomes (Dex) are nanomeric vesicles harboring functional MHC/peptide complexes promoting T cell-dependent tumor rejection. In the first Phase I trial using peptide-pulsed Dex, the observation of clinical regressions in the absence of T cell responses prompted the search for alternate effector mechanisms. Mouse studies unraveled the bioactivity of Dex on NK cells. Indeed, Dex promoted an IL-15Rα- and NKG2D-dependent NK cell proliferation and activation respectively, resulting in anti-metastatic effects mediated by NK1.1+ cells. In humans, Dex express functional IL-15Rα which allow proliferation and IFNγ secretion by NK cells. In contrast to immature DC, human Dex harbor NKG2D ligands on their surface leading to a direct engagement of NKG2D and NK cell activation ex vivo. In our phase I clinical trial, we highlight the capacity of Dex based-vaccines to restore the number and NKG2D-dependent function of NK cells in 7/14 patients. Altogether, these data provide a mechanistic explanation on how Dex may stimulate non MHC restricted-anti-tumor effectors and induce tumor regression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Viaud
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 805, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Magali Terme
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 805, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Caroline Flament
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 805, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies CICBT507, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Julien Taieb
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 805, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice André
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 805, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Novault
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 805, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Bernard Escudier
- Department of Immunotherapy, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Caroline Robert
- Department of Dermatology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Caillat-Zucman
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 561, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Paris, France
| | | | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 805, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies CICBT507, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine de l'université Paris-Sud XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Nathalie Chaput
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 805, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies CICBT507, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- * E-mail:
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11
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Gu YH, Wang RS, Shu YQ, Xu Q. [Immunomodulatory effects of spleenic cells added by sIL-15Ralpha on the regulation of melanoma cell growth]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2008; 24:847-849. [PMID: 18782512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the immunomodulatory effects of spleenic cells added by souble IL-15Ralpha on the regulation of melanoma cell growth. METHODS The spleenic cells of mice were prepared for culture for 48 hours by adding or not adding soluble IL-15Ralpha (sIL-15Ralpha). Then the adherent cells and non- adherent cells were separated. FACS was used to detect the expression of CD4, CD8, B220, CD11c and CD1a; as mentioned above, the four groups (non-adherent cells of spleenic cells, adherent cells of spleenic cells, non-adherent cells of spleenic cells added by sIL-15Ralpha, adherent cells of spleenic cells added by sIL-15Ralpha) were mixed with melanoma cells separately, then injected intraperitoneally into the cells to mice to observe the tumor volume of the mice, control group was only injected intraperitoneally into melanoma cells. RESULTS The melanoma growth rate of mice with adherent cells added by sIL-15Ralpha was significantly less than that of the other groups. FACS showed the molecules of this group were possibly dendritic cells. CONCLUSION sIL-15Ralpha added by spleenic cells can make an immunomodulatory effets possibly mainly by the effects of dendritic cells and inhibit the growth of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-hong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093
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