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Zheng C, Shi H, Wei J, Cui M, Lin Z, Gao Y, Yuan L, Wen Z. Evidence that spatial scale and environment factors explain grassland community assembly in woodland-grassland ecotones. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11644. [PMID: 38962022 PMCID: PMC11221066 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
How communities of living organisms assemble has long been a central question in ecology. The impact of habitat filtering and limiting similarity on plant community structures is well known, as both processes are influenced by individual responses to environmental fluctuations. Yet, the precise identifications and quantifications of the potential abiotic and biotic factors that shape community structures at a fine scale remains a challenge. Here, we applied null model approaches to assess the importance of habitat filtering and limiting similarity at two spatial scales. We used 63 natural vegetation plots, each measuring 5 × 5 m, with three nested subplots measuring 1 × 1 m, from the 2021 field survey, to examine the alpha diversity as well as beta diversity of plots and subplots. Linear mixed-effects models were employed to determine the impact of environmental variables on assembly rules. Our results demonstrate that habitat filtering is the dominant assembly rules at both the plot and subplot levels, although limiting similarity assumes stronger at the subplot level. Plot-level limiting similarity exhibited a positive association with fine-scale partitioning, suggesting that trait divergence originated from a combination of limiting similarity and spatial partitioning. Our findings also reveal that the community assembly varies more strongly with the mean annual temperature gradient than the mean annual precipitation. This investigation provides a pertinent illustration of non-random assembly rules from spatial scale and environmental factors in plant communities in the loess hilly region. It underscores the critical influence of spatial and environmental constraints in understanding the assembly of plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zheng
- College of Grassland AgricultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Haijing Shi
- Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYanglingShaanxiPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Wei
- College of Grassland AgricultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Mengying Cui
- College of Grassland AgricultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Lin
- College of Grassland AgricultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYanglingShaanxiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Liuhuan Yuan
- College of Grassland AgricultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhongming Wen
- College of Grassland AgricultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYanglingShaanxiPeople's Republic of China
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2
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Couso LL, Soler-Bistué A, Aptekmann AA, Sánchez IE. Ecology theory disentangles microbial dichotomies. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:3052-3063. [PMID: 37658654 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Microbes are often discussed in terms of dichotomies such as copiotrophic/oligotrophic and fast/slow-growing microbes, defined using the characterisation of microbial growth in isolated cultures. The dichotomies are usually qualitative and/or study-specific, sometimes precluding clear-cut results interpretation. We can unravel microbial dichotomies as life history strategies by combining ecology theory with Monod curves, a laboratory mathematical tool of bacterial physiology that relates the specific growth rate of a microbe with the concentration of a limiting nutrient. Fitting of Monod curves provides quantities that directly correspond to key parameters in ecological theories addressing species coexistence and diversity, such as r/K selection theory, resource competition and community structure theory and the CSR triangle of life strategies. The resulting model allows us to reconcile the copiotrophic/oligotrophic and fast/slow-growing dichotomies as different subsamples of a life history strategy triangle that also includes r/K strategists. We also used the number of known carbon sources together with community structure theory to partially explain the diversity of heterotrophic microbes observed in metagenomics experiments. In sum, we propose a theoretical framework for the study of natural microbial communities that unifies several existing proposals. Its application would require the integration of metagenomics, metametabolomics, Monod curves and carbon source data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana L Couso
- Facultad de Agronomía. Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alfonso Soler-Bistué
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Rodolfo A. Ugalde", IIB-IIBIO, Universidad Nacional de San Martín-CONICET, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel A Aptekmann
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratorio de Fisiología de Proteínas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio E Sánchez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratorio de Fisiología de Proteínas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Malik N, Edwards D, Freckleton RP. Distance and density dependence in two native Bornean dipterocarp species. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10004. [PMID: 37091565 PMCID: PMC10115900 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janzen-Connell hypothesis proposes that density and distance-dependent mortality generated by specialist natural enemies prevent competitive dominance. Much literature on Janzen-Connell mechanisms comes from the neotropics, and evidence of the role of distance and density-dependence is still relatively sparse. We tested the predictions of the Janzen-Connell hypothesis in a South-East Asian system dominated by mast fruiting species. We hypothesized that seedling survival would decrease with distance and density, seedling growth would increase, and herbivory would decrease, according to the predictions of the Janzen-Connell hypothesis. Experiments were conducted to determine the strength of the Janzen-Connell mechanism by manipulating the density and identity of tree species as a function of the distance from parent trees. Survival of conspecific seedlings was reduced near adult trees of one species, but not another. High densities of seedlings decreased the growth of conspecific seedlings of both species. In both species, herbivory rates decreased with distance in low-density areas. This study indicates that dipterocarp species experienced weak Janzen-Connell effects of distance and density dependence at the growth stage studied. Future studies in this system might focus on earlier life-history stages such as seeds and small seedlings, as well as studying mortality during mast-seeding events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazrin Malik
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | - David Edwards
- Department of Forestry Science & Biodiversity, Faculty of ForestryUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdangSelangor43400Malaysia
| | - Robert P. Freckleton
- Department of Forestry Science & Biodiversity, Faculty of ForestryUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdangSelangor43400Malaysia
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4
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Detto M, Levine JM, Pacala SW. Maintenance of high diversity in mechanistic forest dynamics models of competition for light. ECOL MONOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Detto
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - Jonathan M. Levine
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - Stephen W. Pacala
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton New Jersey USA
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5
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Klimešová J, Ottaviani G, Charles-Dominique T, Campetella G, Canullo R, Chelli S, Janovský Z, Lubbe FC, Martínková J, Herben T. Incorporating clonality into the plant ecology research agenda. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:1236-1247. [PMID: 34419339 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A longstanding research divide exists in plant ecology: either focusing on plant clonality, with no ambition to address nonclonal plants, or focusing on all plants, ignoring that many ecological processes can be affected by the fact that some plants are clonal while others are not. This gap cascades into a lack of distinction and knowledge about the similarities and differences between clonal and nonclonal plants. Here we aim to bridge this gap by identifying areas that would benefit from the incorporation of clonal growth into one integrated research platform: namely, response to productivity and disturbance, biotic interactions, and population dynamics. We are convinced that this will provide a roadmap to gain valuable insights into the ecoevolutionary dynamics relevant to all plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Klimešová
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12800 Praha, Czech Republic.
| | - Gianluigi Ottaviani
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Tristan Charles-Dominique
- CNRS UMR7618, Sorbonne University, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Paris, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Giandiego Campetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, Camerino University, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Roberto Canullo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, Camerino University, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Stefano Chelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, Camerino University, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Zdeněk Janovský
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12800 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - F Curtis Lubbe
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Martínková
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Herben
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12800 Praha, Czech Republic; Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic
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6
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Spaak JW, Godoy O, De Laender F. Mapping species niche and fitness differences for communities with multiple interaction types. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jürg W. Spaak
- Univ. of Namur, Inst. of Life‐Earth‐Environment, Namur Center for Complex Systems Namur Rue de Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Oscar Godoy
- Depto de Biología, Inst. Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Univ. de Cádiz Puerto Real Spain
| | - Frederik De Laender
- Univ. of Namur, Inst. of Life‐Earth‐Environment, Namur Center for Complex Systems Namur Rue de Bruxelles Belgium
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Srikanthasamy T, Barot S, Koffi FK, Tambosco K, Marcangeli Y, Carmignac D, N'Dri AB, Gervaix J, Le Roux X, Lata J. Short-term impact of fire on the total soil microbial and nitrifier communities in a wet savanna. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:9958-9969. [PMID: 34367552 PMCID: PMC8328428 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Savannas are characterized by the coexistence of grasses and trees. Fires are critical for their coexistence, because they decrease the survival of tree seedlings and saplings and their recruitment to the adult stage. In some humid savannas, perennial grasses inhibit nitrification and trees stimulate nitrification, which likely favors coexistence between trees and grasses. However, fires may influence plant capacity to control nitrogen cycling, which could subsequently influence tree-grass coexistence and savanna nitrogen budget. Therefore, we sampled soil in a humid savanna of Ivory Coast under the dominant nitrification-inhibiting grass species and the dominant nitrification-stimulating tree species and under bare soil before and after (i.e., 5 days) fire during the long dry season. We quantified the total microbial and nitrifier abundances and transcriptional activities and the nitrification enzyme activity. Fire decreased soil water content, probably by increasing evaporation and, maybe, by triggering the growth of grasses, and increased soil ammonium availability likely due to ash deposition and increased mineralization. Fire did not impact the total archaeal, bacterial, or fungal abundances, or that of the nitrifiers. Fire did not impact archaeal transcriptional activity and increased bacterial and fungal total transcriptional activities. In contrast, fire decreased the archaeal nitrifier transcriptional activities and the nitrification enzymatic activity, likely due to the often reported resumption of the growth of nitrification-inhibiting grasses quickly after the fire (and the subsequent increase in root exudation). These results pave the way for a better understanding of the short-term effects of fire on nitrogen cycling and tree-grass competition for nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharaniya Srikanthasamy
- Sorbonne Université, Université de ParisUPECCNRSINRAEIRDUMR 7618Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences – Paris, iEES ParisParisFrance
| | - Sébastien Barot
- IRDSorbonne UniversitéCNRSINRAEUniversité de ParisUPECUMR 7618Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences – Paris, iEES‐ParisParisFrance
| | - Fulgence K. Koffi
- UFR‐SN / Research Station of Lamto (CRE)Research Pole Environment and Sustainable Development, Nangui Abrogoua University (ex University of Abobo‐Adjamé), Abidjan, Côte d'IvoireAbidjanIvory Coast
| | - Kevin Tambosco
- Sorbonne Université, Université de ParisUPECCNRSINRAEIRDUMR 7618Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences – Paris, iEES ParisParisFrance
| | - Yoan Marcangeli
- Sorbonne Université, Université de ParisUPECCNRSINRAEIRDUMR 7618Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences – Paris, iEES ParisParisFrance
| | - David Carmignac
- Sorbonne Université, Université de ParisUPECCNRSINRAEIRDUMR 7618Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences – Paris, iEES ParisParisFrance
| | - Aya Brigitte N'Dri
- UFR‐SN / Research Station of Lamto (CRE)Research Pole Environment and Sustainable Development, Nangui Abrogoua University (ex University of Abobo‐Adjamé), Abidjan, Côte d'IvoireAbidjanIvory Coast
| | - Jonathan Gervaix
- INRACNRSUniversité de LyonUniversité Lyon 1Laboratoire d'Ecologie MicrobienneUMR INRA 1418UMR CNRS 5557VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Xavier Le Roux
- INRACNRSUniversité de LyonUniversité Lyon 1Laboratoire d'Ecologie MicrobienneUMR INRA 1418UMR CNRS 5557VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Jean‐Christophe Lata
- Sorbonne Université, Université de ParisUPECCNRSINRAEIRDUMR 7618Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences – Paris, iEES ParisParisFrance
- Department of Geoecology and GeochemistryInstitute of Natural ResourcesTomsk Polytechnic UniversityTomskRussia
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8
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Xiang M, Wu J, Wu J, Guo Y, Lha D, Pan Y, Zhang X. Heavy Grazing Altered the Biodiversity–Productivity Relationship of Alpine Grasslands in Lhasa River Valley, Tibet. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.698707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Grazing is a crucial anthropogenic disturbance on grasslands. However, it is unknown how livestock grazing affects the relationship between biodiversity and productivity of alpine grasslands in Tibet. We carried out a grazing-manipulated experiment from 2016 to 2019 with grazing intensity levels of null (control, grazing exclusion, C.K.), moderate grazing [1.65 standardized sheep unit (SSU) per hectare, M.G.], and heavy grazing (2.47 SSU per hectare, H.G.) on a typical alpine grassland in the Lhasa River Basin, central Tibet. We measured aboveground biomass (AGB), species assembly (alpha and beta diversity indices), and soil nutrients’ availability. The results showed that grazing differently affected plant community in different treatments. Notably, the total dissimilarity value between C.K. and H.G. is 0.334. Grazing decreased the Shannon–Wiener index, increased the Berger–Parker index from 2016 to 2018 significantly, and decreased AGB and total soil nitrogen (STN) significantly. Our results also showed that the grazing affected the relationship between AGB and diversity indices and soil nutrients, including soil organic carbon (SOC) and total soil phosphorus (STP). Specifically, AGB decreased with increasing SOC and STP in all treatments, and heavy grazing changed the positive relationships between AGB, STP, and Shannon–Wiener index to negative correlations significantly compared with grazing exclusion. There was a significant negative correlation between Berger–Parker and Shannon–Wiener indices under each treatment. The general linear models showed that H.G. altered the relationship between diversity and productivity of grassland in central Tibet, and AGB and Shannon–Wiener index positively correlated in C.K. but negatively correlated in H.G. Our study suggests that H.G. caused a negative relationship between plant diversity and productivity. Therefore, sustainable grazing management calls for a need of better understanding the relationship between biodiversity and productivity of alpine grassland in central Tibet.
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9
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Shi W, Wang Y, Xiang W, Li X, Cao K. Environmental filtering and dispersal limitation jointly shaped the taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity of natural forests in southern China. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:8783-8794. [PMID: 34257928 PMCID: PMC8258218 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The mechanisms underlying the maintenance of biodiversity remain to be elucidated. Taxonomic diversity alone remains an unresolved issue, especially in terms of the mechanisms of species co-existence. We hypothesized that phylogenetic information could help to elucidate the mechanism of community assembly and the services and functions of ecosystems. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms driving floral diversity in subtropical forests and evaluate the relative effects of these mechanisms on diversity variation, by combining taxonomic and phylogenetic information. LOCATION We examined 35 1-ha tree stem-mapped plots across eight national nature reserves in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. TAXON Trees. METHODS We quantified the taxonomic and phylogenetic β-diversity between each pair of plots using the (abundance-based) Rao's quadratic entropy and the (incidence-based) Sørensen dissimilarity indices. Using a null model approach, we compared the observed β-diversity with the expected diversity at random and calculated the standard effect size of the observed β-diversity deviation. Furthermore, we used distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) to partition the variations in taxonomic and phylogenetic observed β-diversity and β-deviation into four parts to assess the environmental and spatial effects. RESULTS The taxonomic β-deviation was related to and higher than the phylogenetic β-deviation (r = .74). This indicated that the species turnover between pairwise plots was mainly the turnover of closely related species. Higher taxonomic and phylogenetic β-deviation were mainly concentrated in the pairwise karst and nonkarst forest plots, indicating that the species in karst forests and nonkarst forests were predominantly from distantly related clades. A large proportions of the variation in taxonomic and phylogenetic β-deviation were explained by the joint effect of environmental and spatial variables, while the contribution of environmental variables was greater than that of spatial variables, probably owing to the influence of the sampling scale dependence, integrality of sampling size and species pool, and the unique climatic and geomorphic characteristics. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the importance of phylogeny in biodiversity research. The incorporation of taxonomic and phylogenetic information provides a perspective to explore potential underlying mechanisms that have shaped species assemblages and phylogenetic patterns in biodiversity hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and ConservationCollege of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Yong‐Qiang Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and ConservationCollege of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Wu‐Sheng Xiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst TerrainGuangxi Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesGuilinChina
| | - Xian‐Kun Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst TerrainGuangxi Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesGuilinChina
| | - Kun‐Fang Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and ConservationCollege of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
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10
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Zou C, Martini F, Xia SW, Castillo-Diaz D, Goodale UM. Elevation and micro environmental conditions directly and indirectly influence forests’ soil seed bank communities. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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11
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Pękalski A, Wang H. Plant coexistence without asymmetry in competitor–colonizer abilities or spatial heterogeneity in resource distribution. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Pękalski
- Institute of Theoretical Physics University of Wrocław pl. M. Borna 9 Wrocław50‐204Poland
| | - Hsiao‐Hsuan Wang
- Ecological Systems Laboratory Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology Texas A&M University College Station Texas77843USA
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12
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Yang Y, Hui C. How competitive intransitivity and niche overlap affect spatial coexistence. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Yang
- School of Mathematics, Southwest Jiaotong Univ. Chengdu China
| | - Cang Hui
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Dept of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch Univ. Matieland South Africa
- Biodiversity Informatics Unit, African Inst. for Mathematical Sciences Cape Town South Africa
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13
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Zhang L, Mi X, Harrison RD, Yang B, Man X, Ren H, Ma K. Resource Heterogeneity, Not Resource Quantity, Plays an Important Role in Determining Tree Species Diversity in Two Species-Rich Forests. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14
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López‐Goldar X, Zas R, Sampedro L. Resource availability drives microevolutionary patterns of plant defences. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xosé López‐Goldar
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- Misión Biológica de Galicia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Pontevedra Spain
| | - Rafael Zas
- Misión Biológica de Galicia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Pontevedra Spain
| | - Luis Sampedro
- Misión Biológica de Galicia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Pontevedra Spain
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15
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Droz M, Pękalski A. Tolerance-fecundity trade-off on a homogeneous habitat. Ecol Modell 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Schouten OS, Houseman GR. Effect of soil heterogeneity and endogenous processes on plant spatial structure. Ecology 2019; 100:e02837. [PMID: 31330044 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Within communities, organisms potentially self-organize through endogenous processes that create nonrandom spatial structure as they interact with one another or modify the abiotic environment. In contrast, exogenous processes such as environmental heterogeneity or variable immigration are thought to be dominant processes controlling these spatial patterns. Although both endogenous and exogenous processes likely occur, their relative importance is still largely unknown because of limited analytical tools and the lack of experimental evidence, particularly those that address exogenous sources of environmental heterogeneity. Here, we used a soil heterogeneity experiment to examine the relative effect of endogenous and exogenous processes on plant spatial structure after five years of community assembly. Soil heterogeneity was manipulated by splitting the vertical soil profile into three soil-types that were randomly assigned to 40 × 40 cm patches within 2.4 × 2.4 m plots. Homogeneous plots were created by mixing all soils before filling each patch. Thirty-four grassland species were then sown into all plots and allowed to grow for five years after which the location of all plants was mapped using a 5 × 5 cm grid. Results from point-pattern spatial analysis indicated that, even in the absence of soil heterogeneity and with initial seed arrival, spatial structure was primarily generated by endogenous processes. Although soil heterogeneity increased species aggregation at certain scales, most of the spatial structure was created by endogenous processes. These results suggest that endogenous processes may be more important than expected for generating spatial structure and can develop much faster than anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia S Schouten
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, 537 Hubbard Hall, Campus Box 26, 1845 Fairmount Street, Wichita, Kansas, 67260, USA
| | - Gregory R Houseman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, 537 Hubbard Hall, Campus Box 26, 1845 Fairmount Street, Wichita, Kansas, 67260, USA
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17
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Logofet DO, Maslov AA. Bilberry vs. cowberry in a Scots pine boreal forest: Exclusion or coexistence in a post-fire succession? Ecol Modell 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Effect of fire regime on the grass community of the humid savanna of Lamto, Ivory Coast. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467418000391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study assesses the impact of four fire treatments applied yearly over 3 y, i.e. early fire, mid-season fire, late fire and no fire treatments, on the grass communities of Lamto savanna, Ivory Coast. We describe communities of perennial tussock grasses on three replicated 5 × 5-m or 10 × 5-m plots of each fire treatment. Tussock density did not vary with fire treatment. The relative abundance of grass species, the circumference of grass tussocks and the probability of having a tussock with a central die-back, varied with fire treatment. Mid-season fire had the highest proportion of tussocks with a central die-back while the late fire had the smallest tussocks. Tussock density, circumference, relative abundance and probability of having a central die-back varied with species. Andropogon canaliculatus and Hyparrhenia diplandra were the most abundant of the nine grass species. They had the largest tussocks and the highest proportion of tussock with a central die-back. Loudetia simplex was the third most abundant species but was very rare in no fire plots. The distribution of tussock circumferences was right skewed and dominated by small tussocks. The proportion of the tussocks with a central die-back strongly increased with circumference, which could lead to tussock fragmentation. Taken together, this study suggests that fire regimes impact grass demography and that this impact depends on grass species and tussock size.
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Dubinina YY. The spatial scaling of impact in edaphic and plant factors on the structuring of the soil macrofauna community. ACTA BIOLOGICA SIBIRICA 2018. [DOI: 10.14258/abs.v4i3.4366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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21
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Elias F, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Budke JC, Esquivel-Muelbert A, Morandi PS, Reis SM, Phillips OL. Idiosyncratic soil-tree species associations and their relationships with drought in a monodominant Amazon forest. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Morán‐López T, Carlo TA, Amico G, Morales JM. Diet complementation as a frequency‐dependent mechanism conferring advantages to rare plants via dispersal. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Morán‐López
- Laboratorio Ecotono INIBIOMA, CRUB Univ. Nacional del Comahue Bariloche, Rıo Negro Argentina
| | - Tomás A. Carlo
- Biology Department 208 Mueller Laboratory The Pennsylvania State University State College Pennsylvania
| | - Guillermo Amico
- Laboratorio Ecotono INIBIOMA, CRUB Univ. Nacional del Comahue Bariloche, Rıo Negro Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Morales
- Laboratorio Ecotono INIBIOMA, CRUB Univ. Nacional del Comahue Bariloche, Rıo Negro Argentina
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Hovanes KA, Harms KE, Gagnon PR, Myers JA, Elderd BD. Overdispersed Spatial Patterning of Dominant Bunchgrasses in Southeastern Pine Savannas. Am Nat 2018; 191:658-667. [PMID: 29693438 DOI: 10.1086/696834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Spatial patterning is a key natural history attribute of sessile organisms that frequently emerges from and dictates potential for interactions among organisms. We tested whether bunchgrasses, the dominant plant functional group in longleaf pine savanna groundcover communities, are nonrandomly patterned by characterizing the spatial dispersion of three bunchgrass species across six sites in Louisiana and Florida. We mapped bunchgrass tussocks of >5.0 cm basal diameter in three [Formula: see text] plots at each site. We modeled tussocks as two-dimensional objects to analyze their spatial relationships while preserving sizes and shapes of individual tussocks. Tussocks were overdispersed (more regularly spaced than random) for all species and sites at the local interaction scale (<0.3 m). This general pattern likely arises from a tussock-centered, distance-dependent mechanism, for example, intertussock competition. Nonrandom spatial patterns of dominant species have implications for community assembly and ecosystem function in tussock-dominated grasslands and savannas, including those characterized by extreme biodiversity.
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Dijkstra FA, Carrillo Y, Blumenthal DM, Mueller KE, LeCain DR, Morgan JA, Zelikova TJ, Williams DG, Follett RF, Pendall E. Elevated CO 2 and water addition enhance nitrogen turnover in grassland plants with implications for temporal stability. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:674-682. [PMID: 29508508 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Temporal variation in soil nitrogen (N) availability affects growth of grassland communities that differ in their use and reuse of N. In a 7-year-long climate change experiment in a semi-arid grassland, the temporal stability of plant biomass production varied with plant N turnover (reliance on externally acquired N relative to internally recycled N). Species with high N turnover were less stable in time compared to species with low N turnover. In contrast, N turnover at the community level was positively associated with asynchrony in biomass production, which in turn increased community temporal stability. Elevated CO2 and summer irrigation, but not warming, enhanced community N turnover and stability, possibly because treatments promoted greater abundance of species with high N turnover. Our study highlights the importance of plant N turnover for determining the temporal stability of individual species and plant communities affected by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feike A Dijkstra
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Camden, 2570, NSW, Australia
| | - Yolima Carrillo
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, 2570, NSW, Australia
| | - Dana M Blumenthal
- Rangeland Resources & Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Kevin E Mueller
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Dan R LeCain
- Rangeland Resources & Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Jack A Morgan
- Rangeland Resources & Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Tamara J Zelikova
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - David G Williams
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Ronald F Follett
- Agricultural Research Service, Soil Plant and Nutrient Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, 2570, NSW, Australia
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Abu-Elsaoud AM, Nafady NA, Abdel-Azeem AM. Arbuscular mycorrhizal strategy for zinc mycoremediation and diminished translocation to shoots and grains in wheat. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188220. [PMID: 29145471 PMCID: PMC5690681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoremediation is an on-site remediation strategy, which employs fungi to degrade or sequester contaminants from the environment. The present work focused on the bioremediation of soils contaminated with zinc by the use of a native mycorrhizal fungi (AM) called Funneliformis geosporum (Nicol. & Gerd.) Walker & Schüßler. Experiments were performed using Triticum aestivum L. cv. Gemmeza-10 at different concentrations of Zn (50, 100, 200 mg kg-1) and inoculated with or without F. geosporum. The results showed that the dry weight of mycorrhizal wheat increased at Zn stressed plants as compared to the non-Zn-stressed control plants. The concentrations of Zn also had an inhibitory effect on the yield of dry root and shoot of non-mycorrhizal wheat. The photosynthetic pigment fractions were significantly affected by Zn treatments and mycorrhizal inoculation, where in all treatments, the content of the photosynthetic pigment fractions decreased as the Zn concentration increased in the soil. However, the level of minerals of shoots, roots, and grains was greatly influenced by Zn-treatment and by inoculation with F. geosporum. Treatment with Zn in the soil increased Cu and Zn concentrations in the root, shoot and grains, however, other minerals (P, S, K, Ca and Fe) concentration was decreased. Inoculation of wheat with AM fungi significantly reduced the accumulation of Zn and depressed its translocation in shoots and grains of wheat. In conclusion, inoculation with a native F. geosporum-improves yields of wheat under higher levels of Zn and is possible to be applied for the improvement of zinc contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nivien A. Nafady
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Hines J, Pabst S, Mueller KE, Blumenthal DM, Cesarz S, Eisenhauer N. Soil‐mediated effects of global change on plant communities depend on plant growth form. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jes Hines
- Institute of Ecology Friedrich Schiller University Jena Dornburger Strasse 159 07743 JenaGermany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 LeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biology Leipzig University Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 LeipzigGermany
| | - Susann Pabst
- Institute of Ecology Friedrich Schiller University Jena Dornburger Strasse 159 07743 JenaGermany
| | - Kevin E. Mueller
- Rangeland Resources and Systems Research Unit USDA Agricultural Research Service Fort Collins Colorado 80526 USA
| | - Dana M. Blumenthal
- Rangeland Resources and Systems Research Unit USDA Agricultural Research Service Fort Collins Colorado 80526 USA
| | - Simone Cesarz
- Institute of Ecology Friedrich Schiller University Jena Dornburger Strasse 159 07743 JenaGermany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 LeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biology Leipzig University Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 LeipzigGermany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- Institute of Ecology Friedrich Schiller University Jena Dornburger Strasse 159 07743 JenaGermany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 LeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biology Leipzig University Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 LeipzigGermany
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Pos E, Guevara Andino JE, Sabatier D, Molino J, Pitman N, Mogollón H, Neill D, Cerón C, Rivas‐Torres G, Di Fiore A, Thomas R, Tirado M, Young KR, Wang O, Sierra R, García‐Villacorta R, Zagt R, Palacios Cuenca W, Aulestia M, ter Steege H. Estimating and interpreting migration of Amazonian forests using spatially implicit and semi-explicit neutral models. Ecol Evol 2017. [PMID: 28649338 PMCID: PMC5478059 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With many sophisticated methods available for estimating migration, ecologists face the difficult decision of choosing for their specific line of work. Here we test and compare several methods, performing sanity and robustness tests, applying to large‐scale data and discussing the results and interpretation. Five methods were selected to compare for their ability to estimate migration from spatially implicit and semi‐explicit simulations based on three large‐scale field datasets from South America (Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and Ecuador). Space was incorporated semi‐explicitly by a discrete probability mass function for local recruitment, migration from adjacent plots or from a metacommunity. Most methods were able to accurately estimate migration from spatially implicit simulations. For spatially semi‐explicit simulations, estimation was shown to be the additive effect of migration from adjacent plots and the metacommunity. It was only accurate when migration from the metacommunity outweighed that of adjacent plots, discrimination, however, proved to be impossible. We show that migration should be considered more an approximation of the resemblance between communities and the summed regional species pool. Application of migration estimates to simulate field datasets did show reasonably good fits and indicated consistent differences between sets in comparison with earlier studies. We conclude that estimates of migration using these methods are more an approximation of the homogenization among local communities over time rather than a direct measurement of migration and hence have a direct relationship with beta diversity. As betadiversity is the result of many (non)‐neutral processes, we have to admit that migration as estimated in a spatial explicit world encompasses not only direct migration but is an ecological aggregate of these processes. The parameter m of neutral models then appears more as an emerging property revealed by neutral theory instead of being an effective mechanistic parameter and spatially implicit models should be rejected as an approximation of forest dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Pos
- Ecology and Biodiversity GroupUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Group of Dynamic BiodiversityNaturalis Biodiversity CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Nigel Pitman
- The Field MuseumChicagoILUSA
- Center for Tropical ConservationNicholas School of the EnvironmentDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA
| | | | | | - Carlos Cerón
- Escuela de Biología Herbario Alfredo ParedesUniversidad Central Herbario Alfredo ParedesQuitoEcuador
| | - Gonzalo Rivas‐Torres
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales and GalápagosAcademic Institute for the Arts and SciencesUniversidad San Francisco de QuitoQuitoEcuador
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation110 Newins‐Ziegler HallUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611
| | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
| | - Raquel Thomas
- Iwokrama International Programme for Rainforest ConservationGeorgetownGuyana
| | | | - Kenneth R. Young
- Geography and the EnvironmentUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
| | | | | | - Roosevelt García‐Villacorta
- Institute of Molecular Plant SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Royal Botanic Garden of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | | | | | - Hans ter Steege
- Group of Dynamic BiodiversityNaturalis Biodiversity CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Systems EcologyFree University AmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Chen Y, Niu S, Li P, Jia H, Wang H, Ye Y, Yuan Z. Stand Structure and Substrate Diversity as Two Major Drivers for Bryophyte Distribution in a Temperate Montane Ecosystem. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:874. [PMID: 28603535 PMCID: PMC5445162 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the major drivers of bryophyte distribution is the first step to protecting bryophyte diversity. Topography, forest, substrates (ground, tree trunks, roots, rocks, and rotten wood), and spatial factor, which factors are the major drivers of bryophyte distribution? In this study, 53 plots were set in 400 m2 along the elevation gradient in Xiaoqinling, China. All bryophytes in the plots were collected and identified. Regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between bryophyte and substrate diversity. We compared the patterns of overall bryophyte diversity and diversity of bryophytes found on the ground, tree, and rock along elevational gradients. Canonical correspondence analysis was applied to relate species composition to selected environmental variables. The importance of topography, forest, substrates, and spatial factors was determined by variance partitioning. A total of 1378 bryophyte specimens were collected, and 240 species were identified. Bryophyte diversity was closely related to substrate diversity. The overall bryophyte diversity significantly increased with elevation; however, the response varied among ground, tree, and rock bryophytes. Tree diversity and herb layer were considered important environmental factors in determining bryophyte distribution. Species abundance was best explained by stand structure (17%), and species diversity was best explained by stand structure (35%) and substrate (40%). Results directly indicated that substrate diversity can improve bryophyte species diversity. The effects of micro-habitat formed by stand structure and substrate diversity were higher than those of spatial processes and topography factors on bryophyte distribution. This study proved that the determinant factors influencing bryophyte diversity reflect the trends in recent forest management, providing a real opportunity to improve forest biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Shuai Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Peikun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Hongru Jia
- Educational Administration Department, Henan Finance and Taxation CollegeZhengzhou, China
| | | | - Yongzhong Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiliang Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
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Zhang H, Zhu S, John R, Li R, Liu H, Ye Q. Habitat filtering and exclusion of weak competitors jointly explain fern species assemblage along a light and water gradient. Sci Rep 2017; 7:298. [PMID: 28331178 PMCID: PMC5428552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00429-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fern species are an important component of the diversity of forest plant communities, but very little is known about how fern communities assemble in different environments. In this study, we use multiple trait-based tests to examine the relationships between several key eco-physiological traits which are direct indicators of shade and drought tolerance, and the abundance of fern species in pine forest (PF), pine and mixed broad leaf forest (PMBF) and matured broad leaf forest (MBF) in southern China. These forests are characterized by decreasing light but increasing water availability during succession, and the fern communities correspondingly differ in species composition. We tested community assembly using functional trait distributions and found that habitat filtering and exclusion of weak competitive traits among coexisting species jointly explain fern shade tolerance as measured by photosynthetic capacity (PR), photosynthetic nutrient efficiency (PNUE and PPUE) and water use efficiency as measured by carbon isotope ratio (CIR), and constitute important determinants of fern community assembly in all three forests. These observed fern plant strategies are consistent with known responses of other plant taxa such as flowering plants in similar successional environments and illustrate the value of functional trait based analyses to study community assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510650, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Shidan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510650, P.R. China
| | - Robert John
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Ronghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510650, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510650, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510650, P.R. China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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Ragusa-Netto J. Seed removal of Dipteryx alata Vog. (Leguminosae: Faboidae) in the edge and interior of Cerrado. BRAZ J BIOL 2017; 77:752-761. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.20715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Post-dispersal seed agents of mortality include pathogens, invertebrates, and vertebrates, which may shape tropical tree populations and communities. In this study I experimentally evaluated Dipteryx alata endocarp removal both in the interior and edge of Cerrado vegetation. Specifically, I simulated primary dispersion of endocarps by bats and evaluated secondary removal intensity according to habitat, season, and endocarp number. This study was developed in the Pombo Natural Municipal Park, a large Cerrado remnant with an area of 9,000 ha, located in the Western Brazil. In each of the two habitat types, I set down 45 points in which D. alata piles of 1, 3, 7, 15, and 40 endocarps were positioned. On average, endocarp removal in the interior was higher than in the edge, so that the intensity of removal varied from positive density-dependent (interior: rains), to negative density-dependent (edge: both seasons). Also, at both habitat types and seasons non removed endocarps were intensely attacked by fungus. Indeed, seed mortality by fungus infestation was positive density-dependent. The results indicate high propensity of endocarps to escape from removal in the edge, in principle, a defaunated area. As Dipteryx species strongly rely on caviomorph rodents for their dispersal, the scarcity of these vectors might reduce recruitment chances of D. alata in remnants of Cerrado. This imply in future changes in the vegetation structure from the edge to the interior towards low tree diversity.
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Barabás G, J Michalska-Smith M, Allesina S. The Effect of Intra- and Interspecific Competition on Coexistence in Multispecies Communities. Am Nat 2016; 188:E1-E12. [PMID: 27322128 DOI: 10.1086/686901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
For two competing species, intraspecific competition must exceed interspecific competition for coexistence. To generalize this well-known criterion to multiple competing species, one must take into account both the distribution of interaction strengths and community structure. Here we derive a multispecies generalization of the two-species rule in the context of symmetric Lotka-Volterra competition and obtain explicit stability conditions for random competitive communities. We then explore the influence of community structure on coexistence. Results show that both the most and least stabilized cases have striking global structures, with a nested pattern emerging in both cases. The distribution of intraspecific coefficients leading to the most and least stabilized communities also follows a predictable pattern that can be justified analytically. In addition, we show that the size of the parameter space allowing for feasible communities always increases with the strength of intraspecific effects in a characteristic way that is independent of the interspecific interaction structure. We conclude by discussing possible extensions of our results to nonsymmetric competition.
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Valladares F, Bastias CC, Godoy O, Granda E, Escudero A. Species coexistence in a changing world. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:866. [PMID: 26528323 PMCID: PMC4604266 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The consequences of global change for the maintenance of species diversity will depend on the sum of each species responses to the environment and on the interactions among them. A wide ecological literature supports that these species-specific responses can arise from factors related to life strategies, evolutionary history and intraspecific variation, and also from environmental variation in space and time. In the light of recent advances from coexistence theory combined with mechanistic explanations of diversity maintenance, we discuss how global change drivers can influence species coexistence. We revise the importance of both competition and facilitation for understanding coexistence in different ecosystems, address the influence of phylogenetic relatedness, functional traits, phenotypic plasticity and intraspecific variability, and discuss lessons learnt from invasion ecology. While most previous studies have focused their efforts on disentangling the mechanisms that maintain the biological diversity in species-rich ecosystems such as tropical forests, grasslands and coral reefs, we argue that much can be learnt from pauci-specific communities where functional variability within each species, together with demographic and stochastic processes becomes key to understand species interactions and eventually community responses to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Valladares
- Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina C. Bastias
- Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Godoy
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Elena Granda
- Laboratoire Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris Sud/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Adrián Escudero
- Departamento de Ciencias, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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Jia HR, Chen Y, Yuan ZL, Ye YZ, Huang QC. Effects of Environmental and Spatial Heterogeneity on Tree Community Assembly in Baotianman National Nature Reserve, Henan, China. POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.3161/15052249pje2015.63.2.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Comita LS, Queenborough SA, Murphy SJ, Eck JL, Xu K, Krishnadas M, Beckman N, Zhu Y, Gómez-Aparicio L. Testing predictions of the Janzen-Connell hypothesis: a meta-analysis of experimental evidence for distance- and density-dependent seed and seedling survival. THE JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2014; 102:845-856. [PMID: 25253908 PMCID: PMC4140603 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Janzen-Connell hypothesis proposes that specialist natural enemies, such as herbivores and pathogens, maintain diversity in plant communities by reducing survival rates of conspecific seeds and seedlings located close to reproductive adults or in areas of high conspecific density. Variation in the strength of distance- and density-dependent effects is hypothesized to explain variation in plant species richness along climatic gradients, with effects predicted to be stronger in the tropics than the temperate zone and in wetter habitats compared to drier habitats.We conducted a comprehensive literature search to identify peer-reviewed experimental studies published in the 40+ years since the hypothesis was first proposed. Using data from these studies, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the current weight of evidence for the distance and density predictions of the Janzen-Connell hypothesis.Overall, we found significant support for both the distance- and density-dependent predictions. For all studies combined, survival rates were significantly reduced near conspecifics compared to far from conspecifics, and in areas with high densities of conspecifics compared to areas with low conspecific densities. There was no indication that these results were due to publication bias.The strength of distance and density effects varied widely among studies. Contrary to expectations, this variation was unrelated to latitude, and there was no significant effect of study region. However, we did find a trend for stronger distance and density dependence in wetter sites compared to sites with lower annual precipitation. In addition, effects were significantly stronger at the seedling stage compared to the seed stage.Synthesis. Our study provides support for the idea that distance- and density-dependent mortality occurs in plant communities world-wide. Available evidence suggests that natural enemies are frequently the cause of such patterns, consistent with the Janzen-Connell hypothesis, but additional studies are needed to rule out other mechanisms (e.g. intraspecific competition). With the widespread existence of density and distance dependence clearly established, future research should focus on assessing the degree to which these effects permit species coexistence and contribute to the maintenance of diversity in plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza S Comita
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBox 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Simon A Queenborough
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Stephen J Murphy
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jenalle L Eck
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kaiyang Xu
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Meghna Krishnadas
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Noelle Beckman
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Lorena Gómez-Aparicio
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBox 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, 43210, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
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Environmental filters and patterns of tree regeneration in high altitude sub-tropical Quercus-dominated forests. Ecol Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-014-1163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Nathan J, von Hardenberg J, Meron E. Spatial instabilities untie the exclusion-principle constraint on species coexistence. J Theor Biol 2013; 335:198-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Guo H, Więski K, Lan Z, Pennings SC. Relative influence of deterministic processes on structuring marsh plant communities varies across an abiotic gradient. OIKOS 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00425.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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39
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Wu TG, Yu MK, Geoff Wang G, Dong Y, Cheng XR. Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry across forty-two woody species in Southeast China. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Li M, Du Z, Pan H, Yan C, Xiao W, Lei J. Effects of neighboring woody plants on target trees with emphasis on effects of understorey shrubs on overstorey physiology in forest communities: a mini-review. COMMUNITY ECOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/comec.13.2012.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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Grazing-induced effects on soil properties modify plant competitive interactions in semi-natural mountain grasslands. Oecologia 2012; 170:159-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Weiher E, Freund D, Bunton T, Stefanski A, Lee T, Bentivenga S. Advances, challenges and a developing synthesis of ecological community assembly theory. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2011; 366:2403-13. [PMID: 21768155 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological approaches to community assembly have emphasized the interplay between neutral processes, niche-based environmental filtering and niche-based species sorting in an interactive milieu. Recently, progress has been made in terms of aligning our vocabulary with conceptual advances, assessing how trait-based community functional parameters differ from neutral expectation and assessing how traits vary along environmental gradients. Experiments have confirmed the influence of these processes on assembly and have addressed the role of dispersal in shaping local assemblages. Community phylogenetics has forged common ground between ecologists and biogeographers, but it is not a proxy for trait-based approaches. Community assembly theory is in need of a comparative synthesis that addresses how the relative importance of niche and neutral processes varies among taxa, along environmental gradients, and across scales. Towards that goal, we suggest a set of traits that probably confer increasing community neutrality and regionality and review the influences of stress, disturbance and scale on the importance of niche assembly. We advocate increasing the complexity of experiments in order to assess the relative importance of multiple processes. As an example, we provide evidence that dispersal, niche processes and trait interdependencies have about equal influence on trait-based assembly in an experimental grassland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Weiher
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, PO Box 4004, Eau Claire, WI, USA.
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43
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Myers JA, Harms KE. Seed arrival and ecological filters interact to assemble high-diversity plant communities. Ecology 2011; 92:676-86. [PMID: 21608476 DOI: 10.1890/10-1001.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two prominent mechanisms proposed to structure biodiversity are niche-based ecological filtering and chance arrival of propagules from the species pool. Seed arrival is hypothesized to play a particularly strong role in high-diversity plant communities with large potential species pools and many rare species, but few studies have explored how seed arrival and local ecological filters interactively assemble species-rich communities in space and time. We experimentally manipulated seed arrival and multiple ecological filters in high-diversity, herbaceous-dominated groundcover communities in longleaf pine savannas, which contain the highest small-scale species richness in North America (up to > 40 species/m2). We tested three hypotheses: (1) local communities constitute relatively open-membership assemblages, in which increased seed arrival from the species pool strongly increases species richness; (2) ecological filters imposed by local fire intensity and soil moisture influence recruitment and richness of immigrating species; and (3) ecological filters increase similarity in the composition of immigrating species. In a two-year factorial field experiment, we manipulated local fire intensity by increasing pre-fire fuel loads, soil moisture using rain shelters and irrigation, and seed arrival by adding seeds from the local species pool. Seed arrival increased species richness regardless of fire intensity and soil moisture but interacted with both ecological filters to influence community assembly. High-intensity fire decreased richness of resident species, suggesting an important abiotic filter. In contrast, high-intensity fire increased recruitment and richness of immigrating species, presumably by decreasing effects of other ecological filters (competition and resource limitation) in postfire environments. Drought decreased recruitment and richness of immigrating species, whereas wet soil conditions increased recruitment but decreased or had little effect on richness. Moreover, some ecological filters (wet soil conditions and, to a lesser extent, high-intensity fire) increased similarity in the composition of immigrating species, illustrating conditions that influence deterministic community assembly in species-rich communities. Our experiment provides insights into how dispersal-assembly mechanisms may interact with niche-assembly mechanisms in space (spatial variation in disturbance) and time (temporal variation in resource availability) to structure high-diversity communities and can help guide conservation of threatened longleaf pine ecosystems in the face of habitat fragmentation and environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Myers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Systematics, Ecology, and Evolution, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
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Olano JM, Eugenio M, Escudero A. Site effect is stronger than species identity in driving demographic responses of Helianthemum (Cistaceae) shrubs in gypsum environments. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2011; 98:1016-23. [PMID: 21613066 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Regional climatic patterns result in the synchrony of biological processes along large spatial areas. These patterns may be critical for effective plant recruitment in (semi)arid environments. Nevertheless, recruitment patterns of plant species within their range of distribution are still poorly known. Moreover, this response may be species-dependent, particularly between coexisting congenerics, which are thought to vary in demographic responses to climatic conditions as a coexistence-promoting mechanism. In this context, we investigated whether two congeneric plant species show synchronic age structures at varying spatial scales and whether they display demographic differences. METHODS We sampled 600 Helianthemum squamatum and H. syriacum individuals at six localities in Spain. We used dendrochronological techniques to estimate age and radial growth. We compared the age structure among populations and between species and assessed the effect of site and species on different demographic parameters. Correlations between age structure and climatic factors were also determined. KEY RESULTS We detected a very low intraspecific synchrony across sites but a high interspecific coupling in age structure within localities. Secondary growth, mean age, and flowering showed large intersite differences and small interspecific differences. Summer rainfall was a good predictor of age structure. CONCLUSIONS Fine-scale climatic variability plays a major role in determining age structure of the studied species. Climatic variability is more relevant than interspecific differences. Our results illustrate the relevance of including spatial variation in summer rainfall patterns when modeling the impact of climate change on Mediterranean plant demography.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Olano
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, EU de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, Los Pajaritos s/n, Soria, Spain E-42004.
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Golubski A, Gross K, Mittelbach G. Recycling‐Mediated Facilitation and Coexistence Based on Plant Size. Am Nat 2010; 176:588-600. [DOI: 10.1086/656493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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47
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Murrell DJ. When does local spatial structure hinder competitive coexistence and reverse competitive hierarchies? Ecology 2010; 91:1605-16. [PMID: 20583703 DOI: 10.1890/09-0832.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Classical theory states that if conspecifics have a greater competitive effect on individuals than heterospecifics then coexistence should occur, and ecologists have spent much effort exploring ways to generate coexistence when this condition is not met. One process that has received particular attention in the last two decades is the effect of within-species aggregation and between-species segregation caused by limited dispersal. A number of theories have emerged as to how this common spatial pattern may help maintain biodiversity, and the general conclusion that has emerged is that spatial structure should almost always help competitors to coexist. But does spatial structure really always aid biodiversity? An individual-based model based on a spatial extension to the Lotka-Volterra competition equations and its mathematical approximation are presented to determine how local spatial structure may affect communities in which there is strong niche differentiation. Two main results emerge from analyses of the models. First, intraspecific competition being greater than interspecific competition coexistence may no longer be sufficient to generate coexistence when spatial structure is strong; and the species with the highest intraspecific competition coefficient is likely to be excluded. Second, dominance hierarchies may be reversed so that a competitor may become the subordinate species when dispersal and competitive interactions occur over short spatial scales. Both results emerge because, even though a species may be globally rare, intense clumping means most interactions occur between conspecifics, and if this is very intense it may be sufficient to stop a species from invading. However, long-range dispersal may ameliorate these effects by reducing the frequency of conspecific interactions, and this is especially important when a species is rare since it is very likely to land in an area dominated by heterospecifics. These results are most relevant to sessile organisms that produce relatively few viable offspring that survive to adulthood and that have relatively weak dispersal. The conclusion is that within-species aggregation may hinder coexistence when the toughest competitor an individual is likely to face is a member of its own species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Murrell
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Alfred Denny Building, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom.
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48
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Matthesius A, Chapman H, Kelly D. Testing for Janzen-Connell Effects in a West African Montane Forest. Biotropica 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00664.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Chen L, Mi X, Comita LS, Zhang L, Ren H, Ma K. Community-level consequences of density dependence and habitat association in a subtropical broad-leaved forest. Ecol Lett 2010; 13:695-704. [PMID: 20412278 DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01468.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
How extraordinary numbers of species can coexist in hyper-diverse communities remains unresolved. While numerous hypotheses have been proposed based on observational and theoretical investigations, little is known about which mechanisms are truly active in forest communities and less is known about their relative contributions to community assembly. In this study, generalized linear mixed models with crossed random effects were used to assess the relative contributions of density dependence and habitat association to community-level diversity maintenance. Species habitat associations were classified based on soil nutrients, topography and species composition. Local neighbourhood effects were also addressed with spatially explicit models of seedling survival. The results shown here reveal that local- and community-level seedling dynamics were consistent with density-dependent predictions, although habitat association played a more important role in shaping short-term seedling survival. We conclude that density dependence could promote species coexistence on the premise of habitat partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
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50
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Vogt D, Murrell D, Stoll P. Testing Spatial Theories of Plant Coexistence: No Consistent Differences in Intra‐ and Interspecific Interaction Distances. Am Nat 2010; 175:73-84. [DOI: 10.1086/648556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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