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Holstein J, Fehrenbacher B, Brück J, Müller-Hermelink E, Schäfer I, Carevic M, Schittek B, Schaller M, Ghoreschi K, Eberle FC. Anthralin modulates the expression pattern of cytokeratins and antimicrobial peptides by psoriatic keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 87:236-245. [PMID: 28673488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease with aberrant keratinocyte proliferation, presumably as a result of immune cell activation. Th17 cytokines like IL-17A and IL-22 are critically implicated in epidermal thickening, altered keratinocyte differentiation and production of innate factors such as antimicrobial peptides. Psoriasis treatment options include modern targeted therapies using anti-cytokine antibodies and traditional non-targeted treatments like anthralin (dithranol). While the mode of action of anti-cytokine antibodies is defined, the effects of topical anthralin on psoriatic skin are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE This study aims to unravel the direct effects of anthralin on keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation and production of psoriasis-associated factors. METHODS We tested the effects of anthralin on cell proliferation, cytokeratin expression and changes in the expression of antimicrobial peptides using primary keratinocytes and 3D psoriasis tissue models with and without stimulation of the psoriasis-promoting cytokines IL-17A and IL-22. Moreover, we compared the findings derived from monolayer and multilayer cultures to data derived from lesional skin of patients with psoriasis before and under treatment with anthralin. RESULTS Our study shows that anthralin directly induces cell apoptosis in vitro in monolayer cultures but not in 3D psoriasis tissue models treated with IL-17A and IL-22. Yet, keratinocyte proliferation as determined by Ki-67 staining is impaired by anthralin in vivo. In lesional skin but not in 3D psoriasis tissue models anthralin rapidly normalizes cytokeratin (CK)16 expression. Furthermore, anthralin directly inhibits DEFB4 expression in vitro and in vivo, while other antimicrobial peptides and cytokines studied like IL-6 and IL-8 are regulated differently in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that anthralin directly regulates DEFB4A expression. However, its beneficial effects on psoriasis cannot be explained by direct effects on keratinocyte differentiation or cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Holstein
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, Liebermeisterstr. 25, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Fehrenbacher
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, Liebermeisterstr. 25, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Brück
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, Liebermeisterstr. 25, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eva Müller-Hermelink
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, Liebermeisterstr. 25, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Iris Schäfer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, Liebermeisterstr. 25, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Carevic
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, Liebermeisterstr. 25, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Schittek
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, Liebermeisterstr. 25, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, Liebermeisterstr. 25, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, Liebermeisterstr. 25, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Franziska C Eberle
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, Liebermeisterstr. 25, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Szterling-Jaworowska M, Baran A, Myśliwiec H, Flisiak I. Effect of psoriasis activity and topical treatment on plasma epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its soluble receptor (sEGFR). J DERMATOL TREAT 2017. [PMID: 28621164 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2017.1343933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenesis of psoriasis involves epidermal growth factor (EGF) that participates in keratinocyte proliferation, angiogenesis and cell differentiation through binding to soluble epidermal growth factor receptor (sEGFR). It is synthesised by, among others, keratinocytes, especially within psoriatic skin. OBJECTIVE To evaluate EGF and sEGFR plasma concentrations during topical psoriatic treatment. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 51 patients with plaque psoriasis. EGF and sEGFR plasma concentrations were examined with immunoenzymatic method prior and 14 days after topical treatment. The outcomes were analyzed with respect to PASI. RESULTS Mean EGF concentration was higher in the plasma of psoriatic patients compared to the control group (p = .401) while mean sEGFR concentration was over twofold lower compared to the control group (p < .001). After the therapy, an insignificant decrease in EGF plasma concentration (p = .835) and a significant increase in sEGFR concentration (p = .017) compared to initial values were observed. The coefficient of EGF/sEGFR concentration calculated for each individual had similar values before and after the treatment (p = .009), both of which were significantly higher compared to control group (respectively p < .001, p < .008). CONCLUSION Epidermal growth factor and its soluble receptor may be a useful markers in monitoring clinical course of psoriasis and the effectiveness of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Baran
- a Department of Dermatology and Venereology , Medical University of Bialystok , Poland
| | - H Myśliwiec
- a Department of Dermatology and Venereology , Medical University of Bialystok , Poland
| | - I Flisiak
- a Department of Dermatology and Venereology , Medical University of Bialystok , Poland
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Scarponi C, Butturini E, Sestito R, Madonna S, Cavani A, Mariotto S, Albanesi C. Inhibition of inflammatory and proliferative responses of human keratinocytes exposed to the sesquiterpene lactones dehydrocostuslactone and costunolide. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107904. [PMID: 25226283 PMCID: PMC4166670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The imbalance of the intracellular redox state and, in particular, of the glutathione (GSH)/GSH disulfide couple homeostasis, is involved in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases. In many skin diseases, including psoriasis, oxidative stress plays an important role, as demonstrated by the observation that treatments leading to increase of the local levels of oxidant species ameliorate the disease. Recently, dehydrocostuslactone (DCE) and costunolide (CS), two terpenes naturally occurring in many plants, have been found to exert various anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic effects on different human cell types. These compounds decrease the level of the intracellular GSH by direct interaction with it, and, therefore, can alter cellular redox state. DCE and CS can trigger S-glutathionylation of various substrates, including the transcription factor STAT3 and JAK1/2 proteins. In the present study, we investigated on the potential role of DCE and CS in regulating inflammatory and proliferative responses of human keratinocytes to cytokines. We demonstrated that DCE and CS decreased intracellular GSH levels in human keratinocytes, as well as inhibited STAT3 and STAT1 phosphorylation and activation triggered by IL-22 or IFN-γ, respectively. Consequently, DCE and CS decreased the IL-22- and IFN-γ-induced expression of inflammatory and regulatory genes in keratinocytes, including CCL2, CXCL10, ICAM-1 and SOCS3. DCE and CS also inhibited proliferation and cell-cycle progression-related gene expression, as well as they promoted cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In parallel, DCE and CS activated the anti-inflammatory EGFR and ERK1/2 molecules in keratinocytes, and, thus, wound healing in an in vitro injury model. In light of our findings, we can hypothesize that the employment of DCE and CS in psoriasis could efficiently counteract the pro-inflammatory effects of IFN-γ and IL-22 on keratinocytes, revert the apoptosis-resistant phenotype, as well as inhibit hyperproliferation in the psoriatic epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Butturini
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Cavani
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sofia Mariotto
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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4
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Lau WM, Heard CM, White AW. Design, synthesis and in vitro degradation of a novel co-drug for the treatment of psoriasis. Pharmaceutics 2013; 5:232-45. [PMID: 24300448 PMCID: PMC3834954 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics5020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common, chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disease. It affects approximately 2% of the western population and has no cure. Combination therapy for psoriasis often proves more efficacious and better tolerated than monotherapy with a single drug. Combination therapy could be administered in the form of a co-drug, where two or more therapeutic compounds active against the same condition are linked by a cleavable covalent bond. Similar to the pro-drug approach, the liberation of parent moieties post-administration, by enzymatic and/or chemical mechanisms, is a pre-requisite for effective treatment. In this study, a series of co-drugs incorporating dithranol in combination with one of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, both useful for the treatment of psoriasis, were designed, synthesized and evaluated. An ester co-drug comprising dithranol and naproxen in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio was determined to possess the optimal physicochemical properties for topical delivery. The co-drug was fully hydrolyzed in vitro by porcine liver esterase within four hours. When incubated with homogenized porcine skin, 9.5% of the parent compounds were liberated after 24 h, suggesting in situ esterase-mediated cleavage of the co-drug would occur within the skin. The kinetics of the reaction revealed first order kinetics, Vmax = 10.3 μM·min-1 and Km = 65.1 μM. The co-drug contains a modified dithranol chromophore that was just 37% of the absorbance of dithranol at 375 nm and suggests reduced skin/clothes staining. Overall, these findings suggest that the dithranol-naproxen co-drug offers an attractive, novel approach for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Man Lau
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK; E-Mails: (C.M.H.); (A.W.W.)
| | - Charles M. Heard
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK; E-Mails: (C.M.H.); (A.W.W.)
| | - Alex W. White
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK; E-Mails: (C.M.H.); (A.W.W.)
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5
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Wollina U, Koch A, Scheibe A, Seme B, Streit I, Schmidt WD. Targeted 307 nm UVB-phototherapy in psoriasis. A pilot study comparing a 307 nm excimer light with topical dithranol. Skin Res Technol 2011; 18:212-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2011.00556.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt; Academic Teaching Hospital of the Technical University of Dresden; Dresden; Germany
| | - André Koch
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt; Academic Teaching Hospital of the Technical University of Dresden; Dresden; Germany
| | - Armin Scheibe
- Gesellschaft zur Förderung von Medizin-, Bio- und Umwelttechnologien (GMBU) e.V.; Jena; Germany
| | - Bernd Seme
- Gesellschaft zur Förderung von Medizin-, Bio- und Umwelttechnologien (GMBU) e.V.; Jena; Germany
| | | | - Wolf-Dieter Schmidt
- Gesellschaft zur Förderung von Medizin-, Bio- und Umwelttechnologien (GMBU) e.V.; Jena; Germany
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6
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Lau WM, White AW, Heard CM. Topical delivery of a naproxen-dithranol co-drug: in vitro skin penetration, permeation, and staining. Pharm Res 2010; 27:2734-42. [PMID: 20872052 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This work probed the topical delivery and skin-staining properties of a novel co-drug, naproxyl-dithranol (Nap-DTH), which comprises anti-inflammatory (naproxen) and anti-proliferative (dithranol) moieties. METHOD Freshly excised, full-thickness porcine ear skin was dosed with saturated solutions of the compounds. After 24 h, the skin was recovered and used to prepare comparative depth profiles by the tape-stripping technique and to examine the extent of skin staining. RESULTS Depth profiles showed that Nap-DTH led to a 5-fold increase in drug retention in the skin compared to dithranol. The application of Nap-DTH also demonstrated improved stability, resulting in lower levels of dithranol degradation products in the skin. Furthermore, significantly less naproxen from hydrolysed Nap-DTH permeated into the receptor phase compared to naproxen when applied alone (0.08 ± 0.03 nmol cm(-)² and 180 ± 60 nmol cm(-)², respectively). Moreover, the reduced staining of the skin was very apparent for Nap-DTH compared to dithranol. CONCLUSIONS Topical delivery of Nap-DTH not only improves the delivery of naproxen and dithranol, but also reduces unwanted effects of the parent moieties, in particular the skin staining, which is a major issue concerning the use of dithranol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Man Lau
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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7
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Redox imbalance in T cell-mediated skin diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2010:861949. [PMID: 20847812 PMCID: PMC2929514 DOI: 10.1155/2010/861949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is permanently exposed to physical, chemical, and biological aggression by the environment. In addition, acute and chronic inflammatory events taking place in the skin are accompanied by abnormal release of pro-oxidative mediators. In this paper, we will briefly overview the homeostatic systems active in the skin to maintain the redox balance and also to counteract abnormal oxidative stress. We will concentrate on the evidence that a local and/or systemic redox dysregulation accompanies the chronic inflammatory disorder events associated to psoriasis, contact dermatitis, and atopic dermatitis. We will also discuss the fact that several well-established treatments for the therapy of chronic inflammatory skin disorders are based on the application of strong physical or chemical oxidants onto the skin, indicating that, in selected conditions, a further increase of the oxidative imbalance may lead to a beneficial outcome.
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8
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Bondareva AA, Capecchi MR, Iverson SV, Li Y, Lopez NI, Lucas O, Merrill GF, Prigge JR, Siders AM, Wakamiya M, Wallin SL, Schmidt EE. Effects of thioredoxin reductase-1 deletion on embryogenesis and transcriptome. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 43:911-23. [PMID: 17697936 PMCID: PMC2099259 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 05/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin reductases (Txnrd) maintain intracellular redox homeostasis in most organisms. Metazoan Txnrds also participate in signal transduction. Mouse embryos homozygous for a targeted null mutation of the txnrd1 gene, encoding the cytosolic thioredoxin reductase, were viable at embryonic day 8.5 (E8.5) but not at E9.5. Histology revealed that txnrd1-/- cells were capable of proliferation and differentiation; however, mutant embryos were smaller than wild-type littermates and failed to gastrulate. In situ marker gene analyses indicated that primitive streak mesoderm did not form. Microarray analyses on E7.5 txnrd-/- and txnrd+/+ littermates showed similar mRNA levels for peroxiredoxins, glutathione reductases, mitochondrial Txnrd2, and most markers of cell proliferation. Conversely, mRNAs encoding sulfiredoxin, IGF-binding protein 1, carbonyl reductase 3, glutamate cysteine ligase, glutathione S-transferases, and metallothioneins were more abundant in mutants. Many gene expression responses mirrored those in thioredoxin reductase 1-null yeast; however, mice exhibited a novel response within the peroxiredoxin catalytic cycle. Thus, whereas yeast induce peroxiredoxin mRNAs in response to thioredoxin reductase disruption, mice induced sulfiredoxin mRNA. In summary, Txnrd1 was required for correct patterning of the early embryo and progression to later development. Conserved responses to Txnrd1 disruption likely allowed proliferation and limited differentiation of the mutant embryo cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla A Bondareva
- VMB, Molecular Biosciences, 960 Technology Blvd., Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA
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Wojas-Pelc A, Marcinkiewicz J. What is a role of haeme oxygenase-1 in psoriasis? Current concepts of pathogenesis. Int J Exp Pathol 2007; 88:95-102. [PMID: 17408452 PMCID: PMC2517294 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2006.00505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is constantly exposed to endogenous and environmental pro-oxidant agents, which lead to harmful generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Healthy skin, being a potential target for oxidative stress, is equipped with a large number of defence mechanisms including antioxidant systems. This protection can be corrupted by an imbalance between ROS and antioxidants with pathological level of oxidants prevailing. There is a great body of evidence indicating that some inflammatory skin diseases, such as psoriasis, are mediated by oxidative stress. Keratinocytes of normal skin, the primary target for pro-oxidant agents, show strong expression of ROS-detoxifying enzymes. In addition, normal keratinocytes express haeme oxygenase (HO), an enzyme which might be involved in the protection of cells against oxidative stress. HO (inducible HO-1, constitutive HO-2 and HO-3) is the rate-limiting enzyme in haeme catabolism, which leads to the generation of biliverdin, iron, and carbon monoxide. HO-1 is a stress-responsive protein whose expression is induced by various oxidative agents. HO-1 is known for its cytoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Interestingly, a strong overexpression of HO-1 was observed in psoriatic skin. However, the role of HO-1 in psoriasis remains unclear. In this review, we will discuss some current concepts concerning pathogenesis of psoriasis and the contribution of HO-1 in skin inflammation to show the relationships between HO-1, ROS and cytokine network in psoriatic skin. We will try to answer a question whether enhanced HO-1 expression in keratinocytes results in beneficial or detrimental effect on the development and severity of psoriatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wojas-Pelc
- Department of Dermatology, Jagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracow, Poland
| | - Janusz Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Chair of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracow, Poland
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Popadic S, Popadic D, Ramic Z, Mostarica Stojkovic M, Trajkovic V, Milinkovic M, Medenica L. Chloramphenicol induces in vitro growth arrest and apoptosis of human keratinocytes. Cell Biol Toxicol 2006; 22:371-9. [PMID: 16897441 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-006-0058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2005] [Accepted: 05/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Chloramphenicol (CAP) is a broad-spectrum antibacterial drug that is widely used for topical application in ophthalmology and dermatology. In the present study we investigated the influence of CAP on human keratinocyte proliferation and apoptosis in vitro. CAP significantly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of cultivated human keratinocytes, as revealed by incorporation of radioactive thymidine and flow cytometry analysis of intracellular esterase activity in fluorescein diacetate-stained cells, respectively. CAP-induced keratinocyte apoptosis was associated with activation of caspases and increased production of reactive oxygen species. The pro-apoptotic action of CAP was antagonized by the antioxidant agent N-acetylcysteine, the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, and PD98059, a selective inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. Taken together, these data indicate that CAP inhibits keratinocyte proliferation through induction of oxidative stress and ERK-mediated caspase-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Popadic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro
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11
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Joachim J, François N, Piccerelle P, Kister J, Reynier JP, Humbert P, Aubin F. [Mechanisms and treatment of psoriasis]. Presse Med 2005; 34:1727-36. [PMID: 16374397 DOI: 10.1016/s0755-4982(05)84261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common dermatosis that affects 3-5% of the European population. Current treatments offer considerable clinical benefits, but their use is limited due to tolerance problems. Recent years have seen the development of new treatments, used separately or in combination to improve the chronic lesions caused by this disease. T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Various techniques target the T cells and the immunological mechanisms involved in their activation. In 2005, treatment of psoriasis is directed essentially towards immunological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Joachim
- Service central de la pharmacie et du médicament, Laboratoire de contrôle de la qualité, Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille (13).
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12
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DeYulia GJ, Cárcamo JM, Bórquez-Ojeda O, Shelton CC, Golde DW. Hydrogen peroxide generated extracellularly by receptor-ligand interaction facilitates cell signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:5044-9. [PMID: 15795385 PMCID: PMC556007 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0501154102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key components of postreceptor intracellular signaling pathways; however, the role of ROS in signal initiation is uncertain. We discovered that receptor-ligand interaction caused the generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Using members of the hematopoietin receptor superfamily, as well as EGF receptor, we show that H2O2 is generated by specific receptor-ligand interaction in cells and in cell-free systems. With cognate ligand, the extracellular domain of the receptor was sufficient for H2O2 generation. We also found that production of H2O2 was diminished in a granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor mutant unable to bind ligand. Exogenously added H2O2 induced signaling in the absence of ligand, whereas catalase and a membrane-bound peroxiredoxin inhibited ligand-dependent signaling. Our results suggest that H2O2 produced by receptor-ligand interaction is involved as a chemical mediator that facilitates cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett J DeYulia
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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13
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Wang J, Gines S, MacDonald ME, Gusella JF. Reversal of a full-length mutant huntingtin neuronal cell phenotype by chemical inhibitors of polyglutamine-mediated aggregation. BMC Neurosci 2005; 6:1. [PMID: 15649316 PMCID: PMC548150 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-6-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2004] [Accepted: 01/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder triggered by an expanded polyglutamine tract in huntingtin that is thought to confer a new conformational property on this large protein. The propensity of small amino-terminal fragments with mutant, but not wild-type, glutamine tracts to self-aggregate is consistent with an altered conformation but such fragments occur relatively late in the disease process in human patients and mouse models expressing full-length mutant protein. This suggests that the altered conformational property may act within the full-length mutant huntingtin to initially trigger pathogenesis. Indeed, genotype-phenotype studies in HD have defined genetic criteria for the disease initiating mechanism, and these are all fulfilled by phenotypes associated with expression of full-length mutant huntingtin, but not amino-terminal fragment, in mouse models. As the in vitro aggregation of amino-terminal mutant huntingtin fragment offers a ready assay to identify small compounds that interfere with the conformation of the polyglutamine tract, we have identified a number of aggregation inhibitors, and tested whether these are also capable of reversing a phenotype caused by endogenous expression of mutant huntingtin in a striatal cell line from the HdhQ111/Q111 knock-in mouse. RESULTS We screened the NINDS Custom Collection of 1,040 FDA approved drugs and bioactive compounds for their ability to prevent in vitro aggregation of Q58-htn 1-171 amino terminal fragment. Ten compounds were identified that inhibited aggregation with IC50 < 15 microM, including gossypol, gambogic acid, juglone, celastrol, sanguinarine and anthralin. Of these, both juglone and celastrol were effective in reversing the abnormal cellular localization of full-length mutant huntingtin observed in mutant HdhQ111/Q111 striatal cells. CONCLUSIONS At least some compounds identified as aggregation inhibitors also prevent a neuronal cellular phenotype caused by full-length mutant huntingtin, suggesting that in vitro fragment aggregation can act as a proxy for monitoring the disease-producing conformational property in HD. Thus, identification and testing of compounds that alter in vitro aggregation is a viable approach for defining potential therapeutic compounds that may act on the deleterious conformational property of full-length mutant huntingtin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA 02129, USA
| | - Silvia Gines
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA 02129, USA
- Departament de Biologia Cellular i Anatomia Patològica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Marcy E MacDonald
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA 02129, USA
| | - James F Gusella
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA 02129, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA
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