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Amidzadeh Z, Yasami‐Khiabani S, Rahimi H, Bonakdar S, Shams D, Habibi‐Anbouhi M, Golkar M, Shokrgozar MA. Enhancement of keratinocyte growth factor potential in inducing adipose‐derived stem cells differentiation into keratinocytes by collagen‐targeting. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5929-5942. [DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Amidzadeh
- National Cell Bank of Iran Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
- Department of Parasitology Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
| | | | - Hamzeh Rahimi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
| | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank of Iran Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
| | - Davoud Shams
- National Cell Bank of Iran Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
| | | | - Majid Golkar
- Department of Parasitology Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
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Yari A, Heidari F, Veijouye SJ, Nobakht M. Hair follicle stem cells promote cutaneous wound healing through the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis: an animal model. J Wound Care 2021; 29:526-536. [PMID: 32924817 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2020.29.9.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An appropriate source of adult stem cells for therapeutic use is stem cells deriving from the hair follicle bulge. Following injury, ischaemic tissues produce a variety of cytokines and growth factors that are essential for tissue repair. This study sought to investigate the temporal effects of hair follicle bulge stem cells (HFSCs) on cutaneous wound healing in rats using the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis. METHOD HFSCs obtained from rat vibrissa, labeled with DiI and then special markers, were detected using flow cytometry. The animals were divided into five groups: control (non-treated, n=18), sham (PBS, n=18), AMD (treated with AMD3100, n=18), HFSC + AMD (treated with HFSCs + AMD3100, n=18) and HFSC (treated with HFSCs, n=18). A full-thickness excisional wound model was created and DiI-labeled HFSCs were injected around the wound bed. Wound healing was recorded with digital photographs. The animals were sacrificed 3, 7 and 14 days after the surgery and were used for histological (H&E, Masson's trichrome staining) and molecular (ELISA and q-PCR) assays. RESULTS The flow cytometry results demonstrated that HFSCs were CD34-positive, nestin-positive, but Kr15-negative. The morphological analysis of the HFSC-treated wounds showed accelerated wound closure. The histological analysis of the photomicrographs exhibited more re-epithelialisation and dermal structural regeneration in the HFSC-treated wounds compared with the control group. In the HFSC + AMD group, the histological parameters improved on the same days, but showed a significant decrease compared with the HFSC group in all the days assayed. In the AMD group, there was a significant reduction in the noted parameters. qRT-PCR and ELISA showed a high expression level of SDF-1α, CXCR4 and VEGFR-2 in the HFSC-treated wounded skin tissue, but the expression of CXCR4 and VEGFR-2 showed a significant reduction in the HFSC + AMD group compared with the HFSC group. CONCLUSIONS Based on the findings of this study, HFSC transplantation affects wound closure parameters and the expression of SDF-1α and CXCR4. As the SDF-1α expression level increases in the injured area, the HFSCs contribute to wound repair through the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis. This result is extremely valuable because it raises the possibility of wounds healed by isolating autologous HFSCs from the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abazar Yari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Dietary Supplements and Probiotics Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Heidari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Sanaz Joulai Veijouye
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Nobakht
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Infectious Diseases, Iran.,Physiology Research Center, Iran, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kurita M, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Suzuki K, Okazaki M. Development of de novo epithelialization method for treatment of cutaneous ulcers. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 95:8-12. [PMID: 31255469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous ulcers are a common cause of morbidity. We have developed a de novo epithelialization method for treating cutaneous ulcers by means of reprogramming wound-resident mesenchymal cells in vivo into cells able to form a stratified epithelium: induced stratified epithelial progenitors (iSEPs). Administration of 4 transcription factors (DNP63A, GRHL2, TFAP2A, and cMYC) expressed via adeno-associated viral vectors enabled generation of epithelial cells and tissues, thereby acheiving de novo epithelialization from the surfaces of cutaneous ulcers in a mouse model. Generated epithelia, having barrier functions equivalent to the original epidermis, were maintained for more than 6 months. Our findings constitute a proof of concept for future development towards innovative therapies for cutaneous ulcers via de novo epithelialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Kurita
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan.
| | | | - Keiichiro Suzuki
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Okazaki
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Cutaneous Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review of the Background, Role, and Therapeutic Potential. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:6901983. [PMID: 29887893 PMCID: PMC5985130 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6901983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous wound repair is a highly coordinated cascade of cellular responses to injury which restores the epidermal integrity and its barrier functions. Even under optimal healing conditions, normal wound repair of adult human skin is imperfect and delayed healing and scarring are frequent occurrences. Dysregulated wound healing is a major concern for global healthcare, and, given the rise in diabetic and aging populations, this medicoeconomic disease burden will continue to rise. Therapies to reliably improve nonhealing wounds and reduce scarring are currently unavailable. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as a powerful technique to improve skin wound healing. Their differentiation potential, ease of harvest, low immunogenicity, and integral role in native wound healing physiology make MSCs an attractive therapeutic remedy. MSCs promote cell migration, angiogenesis, epithelialization, and granulation tissue formation, which result in accelerated wound closure. MSCs encourage a regenerative, rather than fibrotic, wound healing microenvironment. Recent translational research efforts using modern bioengineering approaches have made progress in creating novel techniques for stromal cell delivery into healing wounds. This paper discusses experimental applications of various stromal cells to promote wound healing and discusses the novel methods used to increase MSC delivery and efficacy.
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Joulai Veijouyeh S, Mashayekhi F, Yari A, Heidari F, Sajedi N, Moghani Ghoroghi F, Nobakht M. In vitro induction effect of 1,25(OH) 2D 3 on differentiation of hair follicle stem cell into keratinocyte. Biomed J 2017; 40:31-38. [PMID: 28411880 PMCID: PMC6138590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cells are characterized by self-renewal and differentiation capabilities. The bulge hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are able to convert to epithelial components. The active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D3, plays important roles in this differentiation process. In the present study has found that 1,25(OH)2D3 induces the HFSCs differentiation into keratinocyte. Methods HFSCs are isolated from rat whiskers and cultivated in DMEM medium. To isolate bulge stem cell population, flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry using K15, CD34 and nestin biomarkers were performed. In order to accelerate the HFSCs differentiation into keratinocyte, HFSCs were treated with 10−12 M, 1,25(OH)2D3 every 48 h for a week. Results Immunocytochemistry results showed that bulge stem cells are nestin and CD34 positive but K15 negative before differentiation. Subsequently flow cytometry results, showed that the expression of nestin, CD34 and K15 were 70.96%, 93.03% and 6.88% respectively. After differentiation, the immunocytochemical and flow cytometry results indicated that differentiated cells have positive reaction to K15 with 68.94% expression level. Conclusion It was concluded that 10−12 M, 1,25(OH)2D3 could induce the HFSCs differentiation into keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Joulai Veijouyeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biology, University Campus 2, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Farhad Mashayekhi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Abazar Yari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Heidari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Science, Qom, Iran
| | - Nayereh Sajedi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Maliheh Nobakht
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Anti-Microbial Resistance Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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Wu Y, Sriram G, Fawzy AS, Fuh JYH, Rosa V, Cao T, Wong YS. Fabrication and evaluation of electrohydrodynamic jet 3D printed polycaprolactone/chitosan cell carriers using human embryonic stem cell-derived fibroblasts. J Biomater Appl 2016; 31:181-92. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328216652537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biological function of adherent cells depends on the cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions in three-dimensional space. To understand the behavior of cells in 3D environment and their interactions with neighboring cells and matrix requires 3D culture systems. Here, we present a novel 3D cell carrier scaffold that provides an environment for routine 3D cell growth in vitro. We have developed thin, mechanically stable electrohydrodynamic jet (E-jet) 3D printed polycaprolactone and polycaprolactone/Chitosan macroporous scaffolds with precise fiber orientation for basic 3D cell culture application. We have evaluated the application of this technology by growing human embryonic stem cell-derived fibroblasts within these 3D scaffolds. Assessment of cell viability and proliferation of cells seeded on polycaprolactone and polycaprolactone/Chitosan 3D-scaffolds show that the human embryonic stem cell-derived fibroblasts could adhere and proliferate on the scaffolds over time. Further, using confocal microscopy we demonstrate the ability to use fluorescence-labelled cells that could be microscopically monitored in real-time. Hence, these 3D printed polycaprolactone and polycaprolactone/Chitosan scaffolds could be used as a cell carrier for in vitro 3D cell culture-, bioreactor- and tissue engineering-related applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amr S Fawzy
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jerry YH Fuh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Vinicius Rosa
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tong Cao
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoke San Wong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Guo R, Pan F, Tian Y, Li H, Li S, Cao C. Down-Regulation of ClC-3 Expression Reduces Epidermal Stem Cell Migration by Inhibiting Volume-Activated Chloride Currents. J Membr Biol 2016; 249:281-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-015-9867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Movahednia MM, Kidwai FK, Jokhun DS, Squier CA, Toh WS, Cao T. Potential applications of keratinocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells. Biotechnol J 2015; 11:58-70. [PMID: 26663861 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although skin grafting is one of the most advanced cell therapy technique, wide application of skin substitutes is hampered by the difficulty in securing sufficient amount of epidermal substitute. Additionally, in understanding the progression of skin aging and disease, and in screening the cosmetic and pharmaceutical products, there is lack of a satisfactory human skin-specific in vitro model. Recently, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have been proposed as an unlimited and reliable cell source to obtain almost all cell types present in the human body. This review focuses on the potential off-the-shelf use of hESC-derived keratinocytes for future clinical applications as well as a powerful in vitro skin model to study skin function and integrity, host-pathogen interactions and disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the industrial applications of hESC-derived keratinized multi-layer epithelium which provides a human-like test platform for understanding disease pathogenesis, evaluation of new therapeutic modalities and assessment of the safety and efficacy of skin cosmetics and therapeutics. Overall, we conclude that the hESC-derived keratinocytes have great potential for clinical, research and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fahad K Kidwai
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Doorgesh S Jokhun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher A Squier
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology & Medicine, and Dows, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Wei Seong Toh
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tong Cao
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS), Singapore, Singapore.
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9
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Xu Y, Hong Y, Xu M, Ma K, Fu X, Zhang M, Wang G. Role of Keratinocyte Growth Factor in the Differentiation of Sweat Gland-Like Cells From Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 5:106-16. [PMID: 26574554 PMCID: PMC4704873 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) in human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) differentiation remains unknown. Building on previous work, the authors found KGF expression in sweat gland-like cells (SGCs) and determined that recombinant human KGF could induce hUC-MSC differentiation into SGCs. These differentiated SGCs were applied to a mouse burn model and sweat glands were regenerated. These cells may have potential therapeutic application for regeneration of destroyed sweat glands and injured skin. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) have higher proliferation potency and lower immune resistance than human bone marrow MSCs and can differentiate into various functional cells. Many regulatory factors, including keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), are involved in the development of skin and cutaneous appendages. Although KGF is important in wound healing, the role of KGF in hUC-MSC differentiation remains unknown. In our previous work, we found the mixing medium (nine parts of basic sweat-gland [SG] medium plus one part of conditioned heat-shock SG medium) could induce hUC-MSC differentiation to sweat gland-like cells (SGCs). In this study, we further improved the inducing medium and determined the effects of KGF in hUC-MSC differentiation. We found KGF expression in the SGCs and that recombinant human KGF could induce hUC-MSC differentiation into SGCs, suggesting KGF plays a pivotal role in promoting hUC-MSC differentiation to SGCs. Furthermore, the SGCs differentiated from hUC-MSCs were applied to severely burned skin of the paw of an in vivo severe combined immunodeficiency mouse burn model. Burned paws treated with SGCs could regenerate functional sparse SGs 21 days after treatment; the untreated control paws could not. Collectively, these results demonstrated that KGF is a critical growth factor for SGC differentiation from hUC-MSCs and the differentiated SGCs from hUC-MSCs may have a potential therapeutic application for regeneration of destroyed SGs and injured skin. Significance There is growing evidence demonstrating a potential therapeutic application of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) in injured skin. In the current study, conditioned media and chemically defined media with recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) could induce hUC-MSC differentiation into sweat gland-like cells (SGCs). Moreover, the differentiated SGCs from hUC-MSCs could regenerate functional sparse sweat glands in a mouse burn model, which provides further insight into the mechanisms of the role of KGF and a potential therapeutic application of differentiated SGCs for regeneration of destroyed sweat glands and injured skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongan Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China Institute of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Burns Institute, First Affiliated Hospital (304th Hospital), General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China Department of Surgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Yucai Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China Institute of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyan Xu
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Ma
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Burns Institute, First Affiliated Hospital (304th Hospital), General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Burns Institute, First Affiliated Hospital (304th Hospital), General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China Institute of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guirong Wang
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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Clinical application of cultured epithelial autografts on acellular dermal matrices in the treatment of extended burn injuries. Ann Plast Surg 2015; 73:509-15. [PMID: 24322642 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0b013e3182840883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Achieving permanent replacement of skin in extensive full-thickness and deep partial-thickness burn injuries and chronic wounds remains one of the fundamental surgical problems. Presently, split-thickness skin grafts are still considered the best material for surgical repair of an excised burn wound. However, in burns that affect greater than 50% of total body surface area, the patient has insufficient areas of unaffected skin from which split-thickness skin grafts can be harvested. The use of cultured epithelial (or epidermal) autografts (CEAs) has achieved satisfactory results. But the take rate of CEAs is poor in full-thickness bed or in chronically infected area. Providing temporary cover with allograft skin, or a more permanent allodermis, may increase clinical take. This review aims to (1) describe the use of CEAs in the regeneration of the epidermis, (2) introduce the application of the acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) in the clinics, and (3) enhance understanding of the CEAs applied with ADM as an appropriate strategy to treat the extended burn injuries. The current evidence regarding the cultured epithelial cell or keratinocyte autograft and dermal grafts applied in the treatment of burn injuries was investigated with an extensive electronic and manual search (MEDLINE and EMBASE). The included literature (N=136 publications) was critically evaluated focusing on the efficacy and safety of this technique in improving the healing of the deep dermal and full-thickness burn injuries. This review concluded that the use of ADM with CEAs is becoming increasingly routine, particularly as a life-saving tool after acute thermal trauma.
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Vatansever HS, Uluer ET, Aydede H, Ozbilgin MK. Analysis of transferred keratinocyte-like cells derived from mouse embryonic stem cells on experimental surgical skin wounds of mouse. Acta Histochem 2013; 115:32-41. [PMID: 22494612 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Autologous/allogenic skin grafts constituted from differentiated adult or embryonic stem cells can be used in treatment of skin disorders. In our study we aimed to differentiate keratinocytes from mouse embryonic stem cells and the transfer of viable keratinocyte-like cells to a model of surgical skin wound of mouse. Embryoid bodies, derived from mouse embryonic stem cells, were cultured on basement membrane matrix with added BMP-4 for 10 days. The identification of differentiated keratinocyte-like cells was done by detection of cytokeratin-8 and cytokeratin-14 localization using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique and transmission electron microscopy evaluation. Distribution of BrdU, cytokeratin-8 and cytokeratin-14 were evaluated using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique from the experimental (dressing including BrdU labelled cells applied after the surgical wound was created on mouse), control (only the surgical wound was created on mouse) and sham (only the dressing applied after the surgical wound was created on mouse) in groups after 3, 5 and 7 days. Immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally, cells derived from mouse embryonic stem cells were similar to differentiated keratinocyte-like cells. Differentiated keratinocyte-like cells were demonstrated by positive BrdU, cytokeratin-8 and cytokeratin-14 staining after transfer to the wound area. In the experimental group wound healing was better after transferring differentiated keratinocytes when compared to the sham and control groups. In vivo continuity and usability of derived cells are very important issues. In wound repair mechanisms, keratinocyte-like cells could provide positive effects during the wound healing and could be used in clinical treatments of wound repair process.
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Kawakita T, Espana EM, Higa K, Kato N, Li W, Tseng SCG. Activation of Smad-mediated TGF-β signaling triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in murine cloned corneal progenitor cells. J Cell Physiol 2012; 228:225-34. [PMID: 22674610 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), via activation of Wnt signaling, is prevailing in embryogenesis, but postnatally it only occurs in pathological processes, such as in tissue fibrosis and tumor metastasis. Our prior studies led us to speculate that EMT might be involved in the loss of limbal epithelial stem cells in explant cultures. To examine this hypothesis, we successfully grew murine corneal/limbal epithelial progenitors by prolonging the culture time and by seeding at a low density in a serum-free medium. Single cell-derived clonal growth was accompanied by a gradient of Wnt signaling activity, from the center to the periphery, marked by a centrifugal loss of E-cadherin and β-catenin from intercellular junctions, coupled with nuclear translocation of β-catenin and LEF-1. Large-colony-forming efficiency at central location of colony was higher than peripheral location. Importantly, there was also progressive centrifugal differentiation, with positive K14 keratin expression and the loss of p63 and PCNA nuclear staining, and irreversible EMT, evidenced by cytoplasmic expression of α-SMA and nuclear localization of S100A4; and by nuclear translocation of Smad4. Furthermore, cytoplasmic expression of α-SMA was promoted by high-density cultures and their conditioned media, which contained cell density-dependent levels of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, GM-CSF, and IL-1α. Exogenous TGF-β1 induced α-SMA positive cells in a low-density culture, while TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody partially inhibited α-SMA expression in a high-density culture. Collectively, these results indicate that irreversible EMT emerges in the periphery of clonal expansion where differentiation and senescence of murine corneal/limbal epithelial progenitors occurs as a result of Smad-mediated TGF-β-signaling.
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Abstract
Chronic wounds continue to be a major challenge for the medical profession, and plastic surgeons are frequently called in to help in the management of such wounds. Apart from the obvious morbidity to the patient, these problem wounds can be a major drain on the already scarce hospital resources. Sometimes, these chronic wounds can be more taxing than the underlying disease itself. Although many newer methods are available to handle such situations, the role of stem cells in the management of such wounds is an exciting area that needs to be explored further. A review of literature has been done regarding the role of stem cells in the management of chronic wounds. The abnormal pathology in such wounds is discussed and the possible role of stem cells for optimal healing in such cases would be detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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14
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Dereure O. [Stem cells in dermatology: concept and medical interest]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2012; 139:568-78. [PMID: 22963970 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Dereure
- Service de dermatologie, Inserm U1058, université Montpellier-I, hôpital St-Éloi, 80, avenue A.-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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15
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Lee H. Outcomes of sprayed cultured epithelial autografts for full-thickness wounds: A single-centre experience. Burns 2012; 38:931-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Luger T, Paus R. Expression of Concern. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:240. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Reproductive Stem Cells of Embryonic Origin: Comparative Properties and Potential Benefits of Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Wharton's Jelly Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3109/9781841847290.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Dieckmann C, Renner R, Milkova L, Simon JC. Regenerative medicine in dermatology: biomaterials, tissue engineering, stem cells, gene transfer and beyond. Exp Dermatol 2010; 19:697-706. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2010.01087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Fujimori Y, Izumi K, Feinberg SE, Marcelo CL. Isolation of small-sized human epidermal progenitor/stem cells by Gravity Assisted Cell Sorting (GACS). J Dermatol Sci 2009; 56:181-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2009] [Revised: 08/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Fong CY, Gauthaman K, Bongso A. Reproductive Stem Cells of Embryonic Origin: Comparative Properties and Potential Benefits of Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Wharton's Jelly Stem Cells. STEM CELLS IN HUMAN REPRODUCTION 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/9780203092910.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Lorenz K, Sicker M, Schmelzer E, Rupf T, Salvetter J, Schulz-Siegmund M, Bader A. Multilineage differentiation potential of human dermal skin-derived fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol 2008; 17:925-32. [PMID: 18557932 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00724.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dermal skin-derived fibroblasts from rodent and human have been found to exhibit mesenchymal surface antigen immunophenotype and differentiation potential along the three main mesenchymal-derived tissues: bone, cartilage and fat. Human dermal skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells constitute a promising cell source in clinical applications. Therefore, we isolated fibroblastic mesenchymal stem-cell-like cells from human dermis derived from juvenile foreskins, which share a mesenchymal stem cell phenotype and multi-lineage differentiation potential. We could show similar expression patterns for CD14(-), CD29(+), CD31(-), CD34(-), CD44(+), CD45(-), CD71(+), CD73/SH3-SH4(+), CD90/Thy-1(+), CD105/SH2(+), CD133(-) and CD166/ALCAM(+) in well-established adipose tissue derived-stem cells and fibroblastic mesenchymal stem-cell-like cells by flow cytometry. Immunostainings showed that fibroblastic mesenchymal stem-cell-like cells expressed vimentin, fibronectin and collagen; they were less positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin and nestin, while they were negative for epithelial cytokeratins. When cultured under appropriate inducible conditions, both cell types could differentiate along the adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. Additionally, fibroblastic mesenchymal stem-cell-like cells demonstrated a high proliferation potential. These findings are of particular importance, because skin or adipose tissues are easily accessible for autologous cell transplantations in regenerative medicine. In summary, these data indicate that dermal fibroblasts with multilineage differentiation potential are present in human dermis and they might play a key role in cutaneous wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Lorenz
- Department of Cell Techniques and Applied Stem Cell Biology, Biotechnological-Biomedical Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Burd A, Ahmed K, Lam S, Ayyappan T, Huang L. Stem cell strategies in burns care. Burns 2007; 33:282-91. [PMID: 17329028 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2006.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 08/15/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prospect of being able to replace damaged tissue by the process of regeneration would dramatically and irrevocably change the impact, management and outcome of burns. The current understanding of stem cell-based modulation and therapy together with their potential developments do bring this prospect ever closer to a clinical reality. This paper gives a background to stem cell strategies in burns care and identifies actual or prospective applications which, collectively, will forever change burns care throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Burd
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
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Cultured epithelial autograft (CEA) in burn treatment: three decades later. Burns 2007; 33:405-13. [PMID: 17400392 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2006] [Accepted: 11/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Methods for handling burn wounds have changed in recent decades and increasingly aggressive surgical approach with early tangential excision and wound closure is being applied. Split-thickness skin (STSG) autografts are the "gold standard" for burn wound closure and remain the mainstay of treatment to provide permanent wound coverage and achieve healing. In some massively burned patients, however, the burns are so extensive that donor site availability is limited. Fortunately, considerable progress has been made in the culture of human keratinocytes and it is now possible to obtain large amounts of cultured epithelium from a small skin biopsy within 3-4 weeks. Questions related to optimal cell type for culture, culture techniques, transplantation of confluent sheets or non-confluent cells, immediate and late final take, carrier and transfer modality, as well as final outcome, ability to generate an epithelium after transplantation, and scar quality are still not fully answered. Progress accomplished since Reinwald and Green first described their keratinocyte culture technique is reviewed.
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Denman PK, McElwain DLS, Harkin DG, Upton Z. Mathematical modelling of aerosolised skin grafts incorporating keratinocyte clonal subtypes. Bull Math Biol 2006; 69:157-79. [PMID: 17054001 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-006-9082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2005] [Accepted: 01/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Severe burns can be very traumatic for the patient, and while burns caused by industrial or domestic accidents are common, there are also increasing numbers of burns associated with terrorism. A novel technique to assist in the healing process is to spray skin cells, keratinocytes, that are cultured from the patient's own tissue, directly onto the burn site. This process involves taking some undamaged skin from the patient, allowing the skin cells to proliferate rapidly in the laboratory over a period of 5-10 days, harvesting and separating the cells and then spraying them onto the burn. This paper deals with keratinocytes that have been cultured in vitro for a short period of time (early passage cultured cells). The spraying process has yet to be optimised with respect to the seeding density required for fastest re-epithelisation and thus there is a need for this process to be modelled. In this paper, we review some of the skin biology and develop a mathematical model of the growth patterns of cell colonies after they have been applied using a aerosolised technique. The model allows us to predict coverage over time and can be used as a decision support tool for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula K Denman
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Australia.
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Ji L, Allen-Hoffmann BL, de Pablo JJ, Palecek SP. Generation and Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Keratinocyte Precursors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 12:665-79. [PMID: 16674282 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.12.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) hold tremendous potential in the future of tissue engineering, offering promise as a source of virtually unlimited quantities of desired cell and tissue types. We have identified soluble chemical and extracellular matrix factors that permit isolation of keratinocyte precursors from hESCs. Culturing embryoid bodies (EB) formed from hESCs in a defined serum-free keratinocyte growth medium on a gelatin matrix generated keratin 14 (K14) expressing cells with an epithelial morphology. These K14 expressing cells could be subcultured in medium supplemented with hydrocortisone and induced to stratify and terminally differentiate by addition of calcium. Optimum times for obtaining K14 expressing cells were found for EB formation and for differentiation and growth of cultures after EB plating. EB formation was not necessary to generate keratinocyte precursors; direct transfer of hESC colonies to keratinocyte growth medium permitted differentiation into the keratinocyte lineage. With further studies to optimize generation and purification of hESC-derived keratinocyte precursors, these cells could provide a source of epidermal cells for skin tissue engineering applications in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ji
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, USA
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