1
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Obino Mastella AM, Rodrigues CE, Kist TBL, Ramos Pereira MJ. Take a good catch at the scat: carboxylic and sulfonic acid profiles as a non-invasive tool for species identification and sex determination in neotropical carnivores. STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01650521.2021.1994786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Obino Mastella
- BiMaLab – Bird and Mammal Evolution, Systematics and Ecology Lab, Ppgban – Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Rodrigues
- Ppgbcm – Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratory of Methods, Department of Biophysics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tarso B. Ledur Kist
- Laboratory of Methods, Department of Biophysics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria João Ramos Pereira
- BiMaLab – Bird and Mammal Evolution, Systematics and Ecology Lab, Ppgban – Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Cesam – Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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2
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Nguyen VT, Uchida R, Warling A, Sloan LJ, Saviano MS, Wicinski B, Hård T, Bertelsen MF, Stimpson CD, Bitterman K, Schall M, Hof PR, Sherwood CC, Manger PR, Spocter MA, Jacobs B. Comparative neocortical neuromorphology in felids: African lion, African leopard, and cheetah. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:1392-1422. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian T. Nguyen
- Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology, Neuroscience Program, Department of PsychologyColorado College Colorado Springs Colorado
| | - Riri Uchida
- Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology, Neuroscience Program, Department of PsychologyColorado College Colorado Springs Colorado
| | - Allysa Warling
- Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology, Neuroscience Program, Department of PsychologyColorado College Colorado Springs Colorado
| | - Lucy J. Sloan
- Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology, Neuroscience Program, Department of PsychologyColorado College Colorado Springs Colorado
| | - Mark S. Saviano
- Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology, Neuroscience Program, Department of PsychologyColorado College Colorado Springs Colorado
| | - Bridget Wicinski
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York
| | | | - Mads F. Bertelsen
- Center for Zoo and Wild Animal HealthCopenhagen Zoo Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Cheryl D. Stimpson
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human PaleobiologyThe George Washington University Washington District of Columbia
| | - Kathleen Bitterman
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Matthew Schall
- Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology, Neuroscience Program, Department of PsychologyColorado College Colorado Springs Colorado
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York
| | - Chet C. Sherwood
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human PaleobiologyThe George Washington University Washington District of Columbia
| | - Paul R. Manger
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Muhammad A. Spocter
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
- Department of AnatomyDes Moines University Des Moines Iowa
| | - Bob Jacobs
- Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology, Neuroscience Program, Department of PsychologyColorado College Colorado Springs Colorado
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3
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Van Moorleghem C, Van Damme R. The Asian grass lizard (
Takydromus sexlineatus
) does not respond to the scent of a native mammalian predator. Ethology 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Van Moorleghem
- Laboratory for Functional Morphology Department of Biology University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Raoul Van Damme
- Laboratory for Functional Morphology Department of Biology University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
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4
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Pallandre JP, Cornette R, Placide MA, Pelle E, Lavenne F, Abad V, Ribaud M, Bels VL. Iliac auricular surface morphofunctional study in felidae. ZOOLOGY 2019; 138:125714. [PMID: 31756647 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2019.125714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Felids show remarkable phenotypic similarities and are conservative in behavioral and ecological traits. In contrast, they display a large range in body mass from around 1kg to more than 300kg. Body size and locomotory specializations correlate to skull, limb and vertebral skeleton morphology. With an increase in body mass, felids prey selection switches from small to large, from using a rapid skull or spine lethal bite for small prey, to sustained suffocating bite for large prey. Dietary specialization correlates to skull and front limbs morphology but no correlation was found on the spine or on the hind limb. The morphology of the sacroiliac junction in relation to ecological factors remained to be described. We are presenting a study of the overall shape of the iliac auricular surface with qualitative and quantitative analyses of its morphology. Our results demonstrate that body mass, prey selection, and bite type, crucially influence the auricular surface, where no significant effect of locomotor specialization was found. The outline of the surface is significantly more elevated dorso-caudally and the joint surface shows an irregular W-shape topography in big cats whereas the surface in small cats is smoother with a C-shape topography and less of an elevated ridge. Biomechanically, we suggest that a complex auricular surface increases joint stiffness and provides more support in heavier cats, an advantage for subduing big prey successfully during a sustained bite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Pallandre
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Institut de Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (UMR 7205 MNHN/CNRNS/UPMC/EPHE), 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Raphaël Cornette
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Institut de Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (UMR 7205 MNHN/CNRNS/UPMC/EPHE), 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Ange Placide
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Institut de Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (UMR 7205 MNHN/CNRNS/UPMC/EPHE), 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Eric Pelle
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Direction Générale des collections, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Franck Lavenne
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Multimodale Et Pluridisciplinaire en imagerie du vivant (CNRS, INSB), 16-18 avenue Doyen Lépine, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Vincent Abad
- R & D, Manufacture des pneumatiques Michelin, 23 place des Carmes Dechaux, 63040, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mélina Ribaud
- Université Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Institut Camille Jordan, 36 avenue Guy de Collonge, 69134, Ecully, France
| | - Vincent L Bels
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Institut de Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (UMR 7205 MNHN/CNRNS/UPMC/EPHE), 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
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5
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Yamaguchi MS, Ganz HH, Cho AW, Zaw TH, Jospin G, McCartney MM, Davis CE, Eisen JA, Coil DA. Bacteria isolated from Bengal cat (Felis catus × Prionailurus bengalensis) anal sac secretions produce volatile compounds potentially associated with animal signaling. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216846. [PMID: 31518350 PMCID: PMC6743771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In social animals, scent secretions and marking behaviors play critical roles in communication, including intraspecific signals, such as identifying individuals and group membership, as well as interspecific signaling. Anal sacs are an important odor producing organ found across the carnivorans (species in the mammalian Order Carnivora). Secretions from the anal sac may be used as chemical signals by animals for behaviors ranging from defense to species recognition to signaling reproductive status. In addition, a recent study suggests that domestic cats utilize short-chain free fatty acids in anal sac secretions for individual recognition. The fermentation hypothesis is the idea that symbiotic microorganisms living in association with animals contribute to odor profiles used in chemical communication and that variation in these chemical signals reflects variation in the microbial community. Here we examine the fermentation hypothesis by characterizing volatile organic compounds (VOC) and bacteria isolated from anal sac secretions collected from a male Bengal cat (Felis catus × Prionailurus bengalensis), a cross between the domestic cat and the leopard cat. Both left and right anal sacs of a male Bengal cat were manually expressed (emptied) and collected. Half of the material was used to culture bacteria or to extract bacterial DNA and the other half was used for VOC analysis. DNA was extracted from the anal sac secretions and used for a 16S rRNA gene PCR amplification and sequencing based characterization of the microbial community. Additionally, some of the material was plated out in order to isolate bacterial colonies. Three taxa (Bacteroides fragilis, Tessaracoccus, and Finegoldia magna) were relatively abundant in the 16S rRNA gene sequence data and also isolated by culturing. Using Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we tentatively identified 52 compounds from the Bengal cat anal sac secretions and 67 compounds from cultures of the three bacterial isolates chosen for further analysis. Among 67 compounds tentatively identified from bacterial isolates, 51 were also found in the anal sac secretion. We show that the bacterial community in the anal sac consists primarily of only a few abundant taxa and that isolates of these taxa produce numerous volatiles that are found in the combined anal sac volatile profile. Several of these volatiles are found in anal sac secretions from other carnivorans, and are also associated with known bacterial biosynthesis pathways. This is consistent with the fermentation hypothesis and the possibility that the anal sac is maintained at least in part to house bacteria that produce volatiles for the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei S. Yamaguchi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Holly H. Ganz
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Adrienne W. Cho
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Thant H. Zaw
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Guillaume Jospin
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Mitchell M. McCartney
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Cristina E. Davis
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A. Eisen
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - David A. Coil
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
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6
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Ruiz-García M, Pinedo-Castro M, Shostell JM. Mitogenomics of the jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi, Felidae, Carnivora): Disagreement between morphological subspecies and molecular data. Mamm Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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7
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Carthey AJR, Bucknall MP, Wierucka K, Banks PB. Novel predators emit novel cues: a mechanism for prey naivety towards alien predators. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16377. [PMID: 29180825 PMCID: PMC5703908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16656-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting enemies is crucial for survival and a trait that develops over an evolutionary timeframe. Introduced species disrupt coevolved systems of communication and detection in their new ranges, often leading to devastating impacts. The classic example is prey naivety towards alien predators, whereby prey fail to recognise a new predator. Yet exactly why native prey fail to recognise alien predators remains puzzling. Naivety theory predicts that it is because novel predators emit novel cues. Distantly related animals have distinct evolutionary histories, physiologies and ecologies, predicting they will emit different cues. Yet it also possible that all predators emit similar cues because they are carnivorous. We investigate whether odour cues differ between placental and marsupial carnivores in Australia, where native prey experienced only marsupial mammal predation until ~4000 years ago. We compared volatile chemical profiles of urine, scats and bedding from four placental and three marsupial predators. Chemical profiles showed little overlap between placental and marsupial carnivores across all odour types, suggesting that cue novelty is a plausible mechanism for prey naivety towards alien predators. Our results also suggest a role for olfactory cues to complement visual appearance and vocalisations as biologically meaningful ways to differentiate species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin P Bucknall
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Kaja Wierucka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia.,Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS (UMR 9197), Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Peter B Banks
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
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8
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Segura V, Cassini GH, Prevosti FJ. Three-dimensional cranial ontogeny in pantherines ( Panthera leo, P. onca, P. pardus, P. tigris; Carnivora:, Felidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Segura
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET); San Miguel de Tucumán Argentina
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (UEL); Fundación Miguel Lillo-CONICET; San Miguel de Tucumán Argentina
| | - Guillermo H. Cassini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET); San Miguel de Tucumán Argentina
- División Mastozoología; Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia (MACN)”; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas; Universidad Nacional de Luján (UNLu); Luján Argentina
| | - Francisco J. Prevosti
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET); San Miguel de Tucumán Argentina
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR); Provincia de La Rioja, UNLaR, SEGEMAR, UNCa, CONICET; Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n, 5301 - Anillaco La Rioja Argentina
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9
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Carthey AJR, Banks PB. Naiveté is not forever: responses of a vulnerable native rodent to its long term alien predators. OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J. R. Carthey
- Dept of Environmental Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde NSW 2109 Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Sydney; Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Peter B. Banks
- School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Sydney; Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
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10
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No longer naïve? Generalized responses of rabbits to marsupial predators in Australia. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-015-1976-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Soso SB, Koziel JA, Johnson A, Lee YJ, Fairbanks WS. Analytical methods for chemical and sensory characterization of scent-markings in large wild mammals: a review. SENSORS 2014; 14:4428-65. [PMID: 24603639 PMCID: PMC4003951 DOI: 10.3390/s140304428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In conjoining the disciplines of "ethology" and "chemistry" the field of "Ethochemistry" has been instituted. Ethochemistry is an effective tool in conservation efforts of endangered species and the understanding of behavioral patterns across all species. Chemical constituents of scent-markings have an important, yet poorly understood function in territoriality, reproduction, dominance, and impact on evolutionary biology, especially in large mammals. Particular attention has recently been focused on scent-marking analysis of great cats (Kalahari leopards (Panthera pardus), puma (Puma concolor) snow leopard (Panthera uncia), African lions (Panthera leo), cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), and tigers (Panthera tigris)) for the purpose of conservation. Sensory analyses of scent-markings could address knowledge gaps in ethochemistry. The objective of this review is to summarize the current state-of-the art of both the chemical and sensory analyses of scent-markings in wild mammals. Specific focus is placed on sampling and sample preparation, chemical analysis, sensory analysis, and simultaneous chemical and sensory analyses. Constituents of exocrine and endocrine secretions have been most commonly studied with chromatography-based analytical separations. Odor analysis of scent-markings provides an insight into the animal's sensory perception. A limited number of articles have been published in the area of sensory characterization of scent marks. Simultaneous chemical and sensory analyses with chromatography-olfactometry hyphenation could potentially aid conservation efforts by linking perceived odor, compounds responsible for odor, and resulting behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone B Soso
- Environmental Science Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Jacek A Koziel
- Environmental Science Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Anna Johnson
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Young Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - W Sue Fairbanks
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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12
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Carthey AJR, Banks PB. Naïveté in novel ecological interactions: lessons from theory and experimental evidence. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 89:932-49. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter B. Banks
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
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13
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Competitive naïveté between a highly successful invader and a functionally similar native species. Oecologia 2014; 175:73-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-013-2874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Wang JF, Zhang YP, Yu L. [Summary of phylogeny in family Felidae of Carnivora]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2012. [PMID: 23208134 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2012.01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Felidae (cats) is one of the strict carnivorous groups in the order Carnivora, many of which are most familiar and spectacular to us. They are the top predators in the world. Thirty-six of 37 living cat species are considered as either "endangered" or "threatened". The relationships among species of the family Felidae, which evolved recently and rapidly, are difficult to resolve, and have been the subject of debate. Construction of a reliable Felidae phylogeny will be of evolutionarily significance and conservation value. In this paper, we summarized phylogeny of Felidae, including cytological, morphological and molecular evidence, and pointed out the existing phylogenetic problems. This review is expected to guide future researches of Felidae phylogeny, and to lay a theoretic foundation for the protection of this animal group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Feng Wang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
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15
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delBarco-Trillo J, Sacha CR, Dubay GR, Drea CM. Eulemur, me lemur: the evolution of scent-signal complexity in a primate clade. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012; 367:1909-22. [PMID: 22641829 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal complexity has been linked to social complexity in vocal, but not chemical, communication. To address this gap, we examined the chemical complexity of male and female glandular secretions in eight species of Eulemur. In this diverse clade of macrosmatic primates, species differ by social or mating system and dominance structure. We applied principal component and linear discriminate analyses to data obtained by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Beyond the significant effects on chemical signals of gland type, sex, season and species, we found effects of social variables and phylogeny. Notably, female odours were more chemically complex in multimale-multifemale species than pair-bonded species, whereas male odours were more chemically complex in codominant species than female-dominant species. Also, the traditional sexual dimorphism, whereby male signal complexity exceeds that of females, was present in codominant species, but reversed in female-dominant species. Lastly, a positive relationship between the species' pairwise chemical distances and their pairwise phylogenetic distances supported a gradual, but relatively fast mode of signal evolution. We suggest that the comparative method can be a powerful tool in olfactory research, revealing species differences relevant to the understanding of current signal utility and evolutionary processes. In particular, social complexity in lemurs may have selected for olfactory complexity.
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16
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Wei L, Wu X, Zhu L, Jiang Z. Mitogenomic analysis of the genus Panthera. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2011; 54:917-30. [PMID: 22038004 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-011-4219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The complete sequences of the mitochondrial DNA genomes of Panthera tigris, Panthera pardus, and Panthera uncia were determined using the polymerase chain reaction method. The lengths of the complete mitochondrial DNA sequences of the three species were 16990, 16964, and 16773 bp, respectively. Each of the three mitochondrial DNA genomes included 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA, two rRNA, one O(L)R, and one control region. The structures of the genomes were highly similar to those of Felis catus, Acinonyx jubatus, and Neofelis nebulosa. The phylogenies of the genus Panthera were inferred from two combined mitochondrial sequence data sets and the complete mitochondrial genome sequences, by MP (maximum parsimony), ML (maximum likelihood), and Bayesian analysis. The results showed that Panthera was composed of Panthera leo, P. uncia, P. pardus, Panthera onca, P. tigris, and N. nebulosa, which was included as the most basal member. The phylogeny within Panthera genus was N. nebulosa (P. tigris (P. onca (P. pardus, (P. leo, P. uncia)))). The divergence times for Panthera genus were estimated based on the ML branch lengths and four well-established calibration points. The results showed that at about 11.3 MYA, the Panthera genus separated from other felid species and then evolved into the several species of the genus. In detail, N. nebulosa was estimated to be founded about 8.66 MYA, P. tigris about 6.55 MYA, P. uncia about 4.63 MYA, and P. pardus about 4.35 MYA. All these estimated times were older than those estimated from the fossil records. The divergence event, evolutionary process, speciation, and distribution pattern of P. uncia, a species endemic to the central Asia with core habitats on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and surrounding highlands, mostly correlated with the geological tectonic events and intensive climate shifts that happened at 8, 3.6, 2.5, and 1.7 MYA on the plateau during the late Cenozoic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wei
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
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17
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Sul SJ, Williams TL. Big cat phylogenies, consensus trees, and computational thinking. J Comput Biol 2011; 18:895-906. [PMID: 21563975 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2010.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetics seeks to deduce the pattern of relatedness between organisms by using a phylogeny or evolutionary tree. For a given set of organisms or taxa, there may be many evolutionary trees depicting how these organisms evolved from a common ancestor. As a result, consensus trees are a popular approach for summarizing the shared evolutionary relationships in a group of trees. We examine these consensus techniques by studying how the pantherine lineage of cats (clouded leopard, jaguar, leopard, lion, snow leopard, and tiger) evolved, which is hotly debated. While there are many phylogenetic resources that describe consensus trees, there is very little information, written for biologists, regarding the underlying computational techniques for building them. The pantherine cats provide us with a small, relevant example to explore the computational techniques (such as sorting numbers, hashing functions, and traversing trees) for constructing consensus trees. Our hope is that life scientists enjoy peeking under the computational hood of consensus tree construction and share their positive experiences with others in their community.
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18
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Davis BW, Li G, Murphy WJ. Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, Panthera (Carnivora: Felidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 56:64-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Barrio IC, Bueno CG, Banks PB, Tortosa FS. Prey naiveté in an introduced prey species: the wild rabbit in Australia. Behav Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arq103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Agnarsson I, Kuntner M, May-Collado LJ. Dogs, cats, and kin: a molecular species-level phylogeny of Carnivora. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2009; 54:726-45. [PMID: 19900567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 10/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Phylogenies underpin comparative biology as high-utility tools to test evolutionary and biogeographic hypotheses, inform on conservation strategies, and reveal the age and evolutionary histories of traits and lineages. As tools, most powerful are those phylogenies that contain all, or nearly all, of the taxa of a given group. Despite their obvious utility, such phylogenies, other than summary 'supertrees', are currently lacking for most mammalian orders, including the order Carnivora. Carnivora consists of about 270 extant species including most of the world's large terrestrial predators (e.g., the big cats, wolves, bears), as well as many of man's favorite wild (panda, cheetah, tiger) and domesticated animals (dog, cat). Distributed globally, carnivores are highly diverse ecologically, having occupied all major habitat types on the planet and being diverse in traits such as sociality, communication, body/brain size, and foraging ecology. Thus, numerous studies continue to address comparative questions within the order, highlighting the need for a detailed species-level phylogeny. Here we present a phylogeny of Carnivora that increases taxon sampling density from 28% in the most detailed primary-data study to date, to 82% containing 243 taxa (222 extant species, 17 subspecies). In addition to extant species, we sampled four extinct species: American cheetah, saber-toothed cat, cave bear and the giant short-faced bear. Bayesian analysis of cytochrome b sequences data-mined from GenBank results in a phylogenetic hypothesis that is largely congruent with prior studies based on fewer taxa but more characters. We find support for the monophyly of Carnivora, its major division into Caniformia and Feliformia, and for all but one family within the order. The only exception is the placement of the kinkajou outside Procyonidae, however, prior studies have already cast doubt on its family placement. In contrast, at the subfamily and genus level, our results indicate numerous problems with current classification. Our results also propose new, controversial hypotheses, such as the possible placement of the red panda (Ailuridae) sister to canids (Canidae). Our results confirm previous findings suggesting that the dog was domesticated from the Eurasian wolf (Canis lupus lupus) and are congruent with the Near East domestication of the cat. In sum, this study presents the most detailed species-level phylogeny of Carnivora to date and a much needed tool for comparative studies of carnivoran species. To demonstrate one such use, we perform a phylogenetic analysis of evolutionary distinctiveness (EDGE), which can be used to help establish conservation priorities. According with those criteria, and under one of the many possible sets of parameters, the highest priority Carnivora species for conservation of evolutionary diversity include: monk seals, giant and red panda, giant otter, otter civet, Owston's palm civet, sea otter, Liberian mongoose, spectacled bear, walrus, binturong, and the fossa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingi Agnarsson
- Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan, PR 00931, Puerto Rico.
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The complete mitochondrial genome structure of snow leopard Panthera uncia. Mol Biol Rep 2008; 36:871-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-008-9257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Barbosa D, Font E, Desfilis E, Carretero MA. Chemically Mediated Species Recognition in Closely Related Podarcis Wall Lizards. J Chem Ecol 2006; 32:1587-98. [PMID: 16718555 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-006-9072-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2005] [Revised: 01/30/2006] [Accepted: 02/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In many animals, chemical signals play an important role in species recognition and may contribute to reproductive isolation and speciation. The Iberian lizards of the genus Podarcis, with up to nine currently recognized lineages that are often sympatric, are highly chemosensory and provide an excellent model for the study of chemically mediated species recognition in closely related taxa. In this study, we tested the ability of male and female lizards of two sister species with widely overlapping distribution ranges (Podarcis bocagei and P. hispanica type 1) to discriminate between conspecific and heterospecific mates by using only substrate-borne chemical cues. We scored the number of tongue flicks directed at the paper substrate by each individual in a terrarium previously occupied by a conspecific or a heterospecific lizard of the opposite sex. Results show that males of P. bocagei and P. hispanica type 1 are capable of discriminating chemically between conspecifics and heterospecifics of the opposite sex, but females are not. These results suggest that differences in female, but not male, chemical cues may underlie species recognition and contribute to reproductive isolation in these species. The apparent inability of females to discriminate conspecific from heterospecific males, which is not because of reduced baseline exploration rates, is discussed in the context of sexual selection theory and species discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Barbosa
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universidad de Valencia, Spain.
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Yu L, Zhang YP. Phylogenetic studies of pantherine cats (Felidae) based on multiple genes, with novel application of nuclear beta-fibrinogen intron 7 to carnivores. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2005; 35:483-95. [PMID: 15804417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2004] [Revised: 01/16/2005] [Accepted: 01/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The pantherine lineage of the cat family Felidae (order: Carnivora) includes five big cats of genus Panthera and a great many midsized cats known worldwide. Presumably because of their recent and rapid radiation, the evolutionary relationship among pantherines remains ambiguous. We provide an independent assessment of the evolutionary history of pantherine lineage using two complete mitochondrial (mt) genes (ND2 and ND4) and the nuclear beta-fibrinogen intron 7 gene, whose utility in carnivoran phylogeny was first explored. The available four mt (ND5, cytb, 12S, and 16SrRNA) and two nuclear (IRBP and TTR) sequence loci were also combined to reconstruct phylogeny of 14 closely related cat species. Our analyses of combined mt data (six genes; approximately 3750 bp) and combined mt and nuclear data (nine genes; approximately 6500 bp) obtained identical tree topologies, which were well-resolved and strongly supported for almost all nodes. Monophyly of Panthera genus in pantherine lineage was confirmed and interspecific affinities within this genus revealed a novel branching pattern, with P. tigris diverging first in Panthera genus, followed by P. onca, P. leo, and last two sister species P. pardus and P. uncia. In addition, close association of Neofelis nebulosa to Panthera, the phylogenetic redefinition of Otocolobus manul within the domestic cat group, and the relatedness of Acinonyx jubatus and Puma concolor were all important findings in the resulting phylogenies. The potential utilities of nine different genes for phylogenetic resolution of closely related pantherine species were also evaluated, with special interest in that of the novel nuclear beta-fibrinogen intron 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution, and Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
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PETRAKIS PANOSV, TSOUKATOU MARIA, VAGIAS CONSTANTINOS, ROUSSIS VASSILIOS, CHENG LANNA. Evolution probing for semiochemicals based on secondary metabolites in the cuticles of three species of Halobates (Heteroptera: Gerridae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2003.00267.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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