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Clark C, Boquel S, Pelletier Y, Goyer C. Did Myzus persicae (Sulzer) from potato reared on a novel host for 15 years retain its host-related properties? BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:626-635. [PMID: 35229709 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321001218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Myzus persicae (Sulzer) is an important agricultural pest worldwide causing major economic losses due to its ability to transmit over 100 viruses including Potato virus Y (PVY). Myzus persicae shows considerable variation with respect to performance on its host plants. The objective of this study was to use a survival experiment, behavioural observations, including observations of probing and feeding behaviour obtained using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique, and a PVY acquisition experiment to determine whether or not potato was still the more suitable host for M. persicae originating on potato and reared on a novel host, table beet, for over 15 years. In a survival experiment, the pre-reproductive period was significantly longer while adult survival and whole longevity were significantly lower for M. persicae reared on beet fed beet leaves compared to M. persicae reared on potato fed potato leaves. The number of progenies produced and fecundity were both significantly reduced (90 and 85%, respectively) for M. persicae reared on beet fed beet leaves. Ethological observations and EPG assessment of M. persicae behaviour reared on beet placed on beet leaves showed significantly impaired behavioural responses compared to M. persicae reared on potato placed on potato leaves. The rate of PVY acquisition was the same for M. persicae reared on beet and on potato. These results indicate that after 15 years on table beet, M. persicae still performs better on its original host, potato, and appears to be a specialized potato-adapted genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Clark
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton Research and Development Centre, 850 Lincoln Rd., Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada
| | - Sébastien Boquel
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton Research and Development Centre, 850 Lincoln Rd., Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada
- SIPRE - Comité Nord, Rue des champs Potez, 62217 Achicourt, France
| | - Yvan Pelletier
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton Research and Development Centre, 850 Lincoln Rd., Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada
| | - Claudia Goyer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton Research and Development Centre, 850 Lincoln Rd., Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada
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2
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González-González A, Yañez O, Ballesteros GI, Palma-Millanao R, Figueroa CC, Niemeyer HM, Ramírez CC. A mutation increases the specificity to plant compounds in an insect chemosensory protein. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 114:108191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Papadimitriou F, Folia M, Ilias A, Papapetrou P, Roditakis E, Bass C, Vontas J, T Margaritopoulos J. Flupyradifurone resistance in Myzus persicae populations from peach and tobacco in Greece. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:304-312. [PMID: 34498376 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myzus persicae has evolved resistance to various insecticides in Greece. Here we examine the effectiveness of the insecticide flupyradifurone against aphid clones collected from tobacco and peach in Greece during 2017-2020. Furthermore, we monitored the frequency of the neonicotinoid resistance mutation R81T in the sampled clones, and the association between the responses to flupyradifurone and acetamiprid. RESULTS Of 43 clones tested with flupyradifurone, 6.977%, 60.465% and 32.558% showed low (10-14), moderate (19-89) and high (104-1914) resistance factor (RF) values, respectively. Resistance was higher in clones from peach than from tobacco with 42.308% and 17.647% of clones (respectively) failing into the high RF category (median RF values 67.5 and 36.4 for clones from peach and tobacco, respectively). Acetamiprid resistance was detected in clones collected in 2019-2020, in line with our previous study in Greece. The analysis of the whole dataset (54 clones collected during 2017-2020) revealed that all tobacco clones had RF < 7.5, whereas 55.263%, 18.421% and 26.316% of the peach clones exhibited low (<12), moderate (20-48) and high (100-145) RF values, respectively. A significant but moderate association between flupyradifurone and acetamiprid responses was detected (r = 0.513, P < 0.001). The R81T mutation was detected in aphids from peach (5.6% and 32.6% as homozygotes and heterozygotes, respectively) and in one aphid specimen (heterozygote) from tobacco. R81T was partially associated with the resistance to both insecticides, but many highly resistant clones did not possess the mutation, indicating the possible operation of one or more alternative underlying resistance mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS The use of flupyradifurone and acetamiprid in IPM/IRM should be based on further ongoing susceptibility monitoring. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fillothei Papadimitriou
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - DEMETER, Volos, Greece
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Folia
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - DEMETER, Volos, Greece
| | - Aris Ilias
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Polyxeni Papapetrou
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - DEMETER, Volos, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Roditakis
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Chris Bass
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - John T Margaritopoulos
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - DEMETER, Volos, Greece
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4
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Ali F, Hu X, Wang D, Yang F, Guo H, Wang Y. Plant pathogen-mediated rapid acclimation of a host-specialized aphid to a non-host plant. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:15261-15272. [PMID: 34765176 PMCID: PMC8571567 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphagous aphids often consist of host-specialized lineages, which have greater fitness on their native hosts than on others. The underlying causes are important for understanding of the evolution of diet breadth and host shift of aphids. The cotton-melon aphid Aphis gossypii Glover is extremely polyphagous with many strict host-specialized lineages. Whether and how the lineage specialized on the primary host hibiscus shifts to the secondary host cucumber remains elusive. We found that the hibiscus-specialized lineage suffered high mortality and gave birth to very few nymphs developing into yellow dwarfs on fresh cucumber leaves, and did not inflict any damage symptoms on cucumber plants. The poor performance did not improve with prolonged exposure to cucumber; however, it did significantly improve when the cucumber leaves were pre-infected with a biotrophic phytopathogen Pseudoperonospora cubensis. More importantly, the hibiscus-specialized lineage with two-generation feeding experience on pre-infected cucumber leaves performed as well as the cucumber-specialized lineage did on fresh cucumber leaves, and inflicted typical damage symptoms on intact cucumber plants. Electrical penetration graph (EPG) indicated that the hibiscus-specialized lineage did not ingest phloem sap from fresh cucumber leaves but succeeded in ingesting phloem sap from pre-infected cucumber leaves, which explained the performance improvement of the hibiscus-specialized lineage on pre-infected cucumber leaves. This study revealed a new pathway for the hibiscus-specialized lineage to quickly acclimate to cucumber under the assistance of the phytopathogen. We considered that the short feeding experience on pre-infected cucumber may activate expression of effector genes that are related to specific host utilization. We suggest to identify host-specific effectors by comparing proteomes or/and transcriptomes of the hibiscus-specialized lineage before and after acclimating to cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Ali
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key LaboratoryCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiaoyue Hu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key LaboratoryCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Duoqi Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key LaboratoryCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Fengying Yang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key LaboratoryCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hao Guo
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key LaboratoryCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yongmo Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key LaboratoryCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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5
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Cabrera-Brandt MA, Kati A, Rubio-Meléndez ME, Figueroa CC, Fuentes-Contreras E. Changes in the genetic composition of Myzus persicae nicotianae populations in Chile and frequency of insecticide resistance mutations. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 111:1-9. [PMID: 34617507 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Myzus persicae is a cosmopolitan aphid that is highly polyphagous and an important agricultural pest. The subspecies M. persicae nicotianae has been described for highly specialized phenotypes adapted to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). In Chile, the population of M. persicae nicotianae was originally composed of a single red genotype that did not possess insecticide resistance mutations. However, in the last decade, variation in the colour of tobacco aphids has been observed in the field. To determine whether this variation stems from the presence of new genotypes, sampling was carried out across the entire distribution of tobacco cultivation regions in Chile. The aphids collected were genotyped, and the frequency of kdr (L1014F), super-kdr (M918T), modification of acetylcholinesterase (MACE) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor β subunit (nAChRβ) mutations associated with insecticide resistance was determined. A total of 16 new genotypes of M. persicae nicotianae were detected in Chile: four of them possessed the MACE mutation, and none of them possessed the kdr, super-kdr or nAChRβ mutation. The previously described red genotype was not detected in any of the sampled fields over two seasons. These results raise questions about the mechanisms underlying changes in the genetic structure of M. persicae nicotianae populations in Chile. Future research aimed at addressing these questions could provide new insight into aphid evolution and agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Cabrera-Brandt
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology in Agroecosystems, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Amalia Kati
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - María E Rubio-Meléndez
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Centre for Bioinformatics and Molecular Simulation, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Christian C Figueroa
- Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology in Agroecosystems, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-Contreras
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology in Agroecosystems, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
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6
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Levi-Zada A, Byers JA. Circadian rhythms of insect pheromone titer, calling, emission, and response: a review. Naturwissenschaften 2021; 108:35. [PMID: 34423384 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-021-01746-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many insect species have circadian rhythms of pheromone production/titer, calling, emission, and response that are involved in intraspecific communication and impact pest management practices. Rhythms of pheromone biosynthesis, most studied in moths affecting forestry and agriculture, contribute to a periodicity of pheromone concentration or titer within glands or hemolymph. Calling rhythms by the pheromone-emitting sex are physical movements (pumping, vibrating wings) that aid in release and dispersion of the volatile pheromone components attractive to the opposite conspecific sex or both sexes. Circadian rhythms of emission of pheromone also occur as a result of an interaction between calling and the titer of pheromone available for release. Responding individuals usually show a coincidental rhythm of dispersal flight while seeking pheromone plumes in which, by orienting upwind, the insects find mates or food resources. However, some species begin searching an hour or more before the emitting sex initiates calling and emission, which benefits mass trapping control programs because the baited traps do not compete initially with natural pheromone sources. In our review, data of daily rhythms of moths and other insects were extracted from the literature by screen capture software to calculate mean time of activity and standard deviation and fit to normal curves. These methods are illustrated for various insects and as a basis for discussion of interactions of pheromonal circadian rhythms of the well-studied gypsy moth Lymantria dispar, spruce budworm moth Choristoneura fumiferana, turnip moth Agrotis segetum, and cabbage looper moth Trichoplusia ni. The various circadian rhythms are discussed in relation to application of species-specific sex and aggregation pheromones for benign biological control and management of pest insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Levi-Zada
- Department of Entomology, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
| | - John A Byers
- Semiochemical Solutions, 7030476, Beer Yaakov, Israel
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7
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Villacis-Perez E, Snoeck S, Kurlovs AH, Clark RM, Breeuwer JAJ, Van Leeuwen T. Adaptive divergence and post-zygotic barriers to gene flow between sympatric populations of a herbivorous mite. Commun Biol 2021; 4:853. [PMID: 34244609 PMCID: PMC8270941 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-herbivore interactions promote the generation and maintenance of both plant and herbivore biodiversity. The antagonistic interactions between plants and herbivores lead to host race formation: the evolution of herbivore types specializing on different plant species, with restricted gene flow between them. Understanding how ecological specialization promotes host race formation usually depends on artificial approaches, using laboratory experiments on populations associated with agricultural crops. However, evidence on how host races are formed and maintained in a natural setting remains scarce. Here, we take a multidisciplinary approach to understand whether populations of the generalist spider mite Tetranychus urticae form host races in nature. We demonstrate that a host race co-occurs among generalist conspecifics in the dune ecosystem of The Netherlands. Extensive field sampling and genotyping of individuals over three consecutive years showed a clear pattern of host associations. Genome-wide differences between the host race and generalist conspecifics were found using a dense set of SNPs on field-derived iso-female lines and previously sequenced genomes of T. urticae. Hybridization between lines of the host race and sympatric generalist lines is restricted by post-zygotic breakdown, and selection negatively impacts the survival of generalists on the native host of the host race. Our description of a host race among conspecifics with a larger diet breadth shows how ecological and reproductive isolation aid in maintaining intra-specific variation in sympatry, despite the opportunity for homogenization through gene flow. Our findings highlight the importance of explicitly considering the spatial and temporal scale on which plant-herbivore interactions occur in order to identify herbivore populations associated with different plant species in nature. This system can be used to study the underlying genetic architecture and mechanisms that facilitate the use of a large range of host plant taxa by extreme generalist herbivores. In addition, it offers the chance to investigate the prevalence and mechanisms of ecological specialization in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Villacis-Perez
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Simon Snoeck
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Andre H Kurlovs
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Richard M Clark
- School of Biological Sciences and Henry Eyring Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Johannes A J Breeuwer
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
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8
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Singh KS, Cordeiro EMG, Troczka BJ, Pym A, Mackisack J, Mathers TC, Duarte A, Legeai F, Robin S, Bielza P, Burrack HJ, Charaabi K, Denholm I, Figueroa CC, ffrench-Constant RH, Jander G, Margaritopoulos JT, Mazzoni E, Nauen R, Ramírez CC, Ren G, Stepanyan I, Umina PA, Voronova NV, Vontas J, Williamson MS, Wilson ACC, Xi-Wu G, Youn YN, Zimmer CT, Simon JC, Hayward A, Bass C. Global patterns in genomic diversity underpinning the evolution of insecticide resistance in the aphid crop pest Myzus persicae. Commun Biol 2021; 4:847. [PMID: 34234279 PMCID: PMC8263593 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aphid Myzus persicae is a destructive agricultural pest that displays an exceptional ability to develop resistance to both natural and synthetic insecticides. To investigate the evolution of resistance in this species we generated a chromosome-scale genome assembly and living panel of >110 fully sequenced globally sampled clonal lines. Our analyses reveal a remarkable diversity of resistance mutations segregating in global populations of M. persicae. We show that the emergence and spread of these mechanisms is influenced by host-plant associations, uncovering the widespread co-option of a host-plant adaptation that also offers resistance against synthetic insecticides. We identify both the repeated evolution of independent resistance mutations at the same locus, and multiple instances of the evolution of novel resistance mechanisms against key insecticides. Our findings provide fundamental insights into the genomic responses of global insect populations to strong selective forces, and hold practical relevance for the control of pests and parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Saurabh Singh
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK
| | - Erick M. G. Cordeiro
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz,”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Bartlomiej J. Troczka
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK
| | - Adam Pym
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK
| | - Joanna Mackisack
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK
| | - Thomas C. Mathers
- grid.14830.3e0000 0001 2175 7246Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Ana Duarte
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK
| | | | | | - Pablo Bielza
- grid.218430.c0000 0001 2153 2602Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Hannah J. Burrack
- grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Kamel Charaabi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technologies, National Center of Nuclear Sciences and Technologies, Biotechpole of Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Ariana Tunisia
| | - Ian Denholm
- grid.5846.f0000 0001 2161 9644Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Christian C. Figueroa
- grid.10999.380000 0001 0036 2536Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Richard H. ffrench-Constant
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK
| | - Georg Jander
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XBoyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - John T. Margaritopoulos
- Department of Plant Protection at Volos, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization ‘DEMETER’, Volos, Greece
| | - Emanuele Mazzoni
- grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Section Sustainable Crop and Food Protection, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Ralf Nauen
- grid.420044.60000 0004 0374 4101Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D, Monheim, Germany
| | - Claudio C. Ramírez
- grid.10999.380000 0001 0036 2536Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Guangwei Ren
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ilona Stepanyan
- grid.418094.00000 0001 1146 7878Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology, National Academy of Science, Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Paul A. Umina
- Cesar, Parkville, Victoria Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSchool of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria Australia
| | - Nina V. Voronova
- grid.17678.3f0000 0001 1092 255XThe Department of General Ecology and Methods of Biology Teaching, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - John Vontas
- grid.4834.b0000 0004 0635 685XInstitute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Crete, Greece ,grid.10985.350000 0001 0794 1186Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Martin S. Williamson
- grid.418374.d0000 0001 2227 9389Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Alex C. C. Wilson
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL USA
| | - Gao Xi-Wu
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Young-Nam Youn
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Applied Biology, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Christoph T. Zimmer
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK ,grid.420222.40000 0001 0669 0426Present Address: Syngenta Crop Protection, Werk Stein, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein, Switzerland
| | | | - Alex Hayward
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK
| | - Chris Bass
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK
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9
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Lee Y, Thieme T, Kim H. Complex evolution in Aphis gossypii group (Hemiptera: Aphididae), evidence of primary host shift and hybridization between sympatric species. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245604. [PMID: 33539375 PMCID: PMC7861460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aphids provide a good model system to understand the ecological speciation concept, since the majority of the species are host-specific, and they spend their entire lifecycle on certain groups of host plants. Aphid species that apparently have wide host plant ranges have often turned out to be complexes of host-specialized biotypes. Here we investigated the various host-associated populations of the two recently diverged species, Aphis gossypii and A. rhamnicola, having multiple primary hosts, to understand the complex evolution with host-associated speciation. Using mitochondrial DNA marker and nine microsatellite loci, we reconstructed the haplotype network, and analyzed the genetic structure and relationships. Approximate Bayesian computation was also used to infer the ancestral primary host and host-associated divergence, which resulted in Rhamnus being the most ancestral host for A. gossypii and A. rhamnicola. As a result, Aphis gossypii and A. rhamnicola do not randomly use their primary and secondary host plants; rather, certain biotypes use only some secondary and specific primary hosts. Some biotypes are possibly in a diverging state through specialization to specific primary hosts. Our results also indicate that a new heteroecious race can commonly be derived from the heteroecious ancestor, showing strong evidence of ecological specialization through a primary host shift in both A. gossypii and A. rhamnicola. Interestingly, A. gossypii and A. rhamnicola shared COI haplotypes with each other, thus there is a possibility of introgression by hybridization between them by cross-sharing same primary hosts. Our results contribute to a new perspective in the study of aphid evolution by identifying complex evolutionary trends in the gossypii sensu lato complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerim Lee
- Animal Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas Thieme
- BTL Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide, RG Phyto-Entomology, Gross Lüsewitz, Germany
| | - Hyojoong Kim
- Animal Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Republic of Korea
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10
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Margaritopoulos JT, Kati AN, Voudouris CC, Skouras PJ, Tsitsipis JA. Long-term studies on the evolution of resistance of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) to insecticides in Greece. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 111:1-16. [PMID: 32539892 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485320000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aphid Myzus persicae s.l. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is an important pest of many crops worldwide with a complex life cycle, intensely controlled by chemical pesticides, and has developed resistance to almost all used insecticides. In Greece, the aphid exhibits high genetic variation and adaptability and it is a classic example of evolution in the making. We have been studying M. persicae for over 20 years, on different host plants and varying geographical areas, analyzing its bio-ecology and the ability to develop resistance to insecticides. In this review, we present new and historical data on the effectiveness of insecticides from seven chemical groups used to control the aphid in Greece and the incidence of seven resistance mechanisms, including the new fast-spreading R81T point mutation of the postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Thousands of samples were tested by biological, biochemical and molecular assays. The aphid populations were found to have developed and maintain resistance at medium to high levels to organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids and neonicotinoids for decades. In the latter group, a marked increase is recorded during an ~10-year period. The data analyzed and the extensive bibliography, advocate the difficulty to control the aphid making the design and application of IPM/IRM programs a challenge. We discuss principles and recommendations for the management of resistance, including the use of compounds such as flonicamid, spirotetramat, flupyradifurone and sulfoxaflor. We emphasize that resistance is a dynamic phenomenon, changing in time and space, requiring, therefore, continuous monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Margaritopoulos
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, Volos, Greece
| | - A N Kati
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C Ch Voudouris
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, Volos, Greece
| | - P J Skouras
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Department of Agricultural Technologies, University of Peloponnese, Antikalamos, Greece
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11
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Loxdale HD, Balog A, Biron DG. Aphids in focus: unravelling their complex ecology and evolution using genetic and molecular approaches. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aphids are renowned plant parasites of agriculture, horticulture and forestry, causing direct physical damage by sucking phloem and especially by transmission of plant pathogenic viruses. The huge yield loss they cause amounts to hundreds of millions of dollars globally, and because of this damage and the intense efforts expended on control, some 20 species are now resistant to pesticides worldwide. Aphids represent an ancient, mainly northern temperate group, although some species occur in the tropics, often as obligate asexual lineages or even asexual ‘species’. However, besides their notoriety as enemies of plant growers, aphids are also extremely interesting scientifically, especially at the molecular and genetic levels. They reproduce mainly asexually, one female producing 10–90 offspring in 7–10 days and therefore, theoretically, could produce billions of offspring in one growing season in the absence of mortality factors (i.e. climate/weather and antagonists). In this overview, we provide examples of what molecular and genetic studies of aphids have revealed concerning a range of topics, especially fine-grained ecological processes. Aphids, despite their apparently limited behavioural repertoire, are in fact masters (or, perhaps more accurately, mistresses) of adaptation and evolutionary flexibility and continue to flourish in a variety of ecosystems, including the agro-ecosystem, regardless of our best efforts to combat them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh D Loxdale
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, the Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff, UK
| | - Adalbert Balog
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Technical and Human Science, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Tirgu-Mureș/Corunca, Romania
| | - David G Biron
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR CNRS, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, Aubiere Cedex, France
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12
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Pan Y, Peng T, Xu P, Zeng X, Tian F, Song J, Shang Q. Transcription Factors AhR/ARNT Regulate the Expression of CYP6CY3 and CYP6CY4 Switch Conferring Nicotine Adaptation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4521. [PMID: 31547315 PMCID: PMC6770377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is one of the most toxic secondary plant metabolites in nature and it is highly toxic to herbivorous insects. The overexpression of CYP6CY3 and its homologous isozyme CYP6CY4 in Myzus persicae nicotianae is correlated with nicotine tolerance. The expanded (AC)n repeat in promoter is the cis element for CYP6CY3 transcription. These repeat sequences are conserved in the CYP6CY3 gene from Aphis gossypii and the homologous P450 genes in Acyrthosiphon pisum. The potential transcriptional factors that may regulate CYP6CY3 were isolated by DNA pulldown and sequenced in order to investigate the underlying transcriptional regulation mechanism of CYP6CY3. These identified transcriptional factors, AhR and ARNT, whose abundance was highly correlated with an abundance of the CYP6CY3 gene, were validated. RNAi and co-transfection results further confirm that AhR and ARNT play a major role in the transcriptional regulation of the CYP6CY3 gene. When the CYP6CY3 transcript is destabilized by AhR/ARNT RNAi, the transcription of the CYP6CY4 is dramatically up-regulated, indicating a compensatory mechanism between the CYP6CY3 and CYP6CY4 genes. Our present study sheds light on the CYP6CY3 and CYP6CY4 mediated nicotine adaption of M. persicae nicotianae to tobacco. The current studies shed light on the molecular mechanisms that underlie the genotypic and phenotypic changes that are involved in insect host shifts and we conclude that AhR/ARNT regulate the expression of CYP6CY3 and CYP6CY4 cooperatively, conferring the nicotine adaption of M. persicae nicotianae to tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiou Pan
- School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Tianfei Peng
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Pengjun Xu
- Institute of Tobacco Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiaochun Zeng
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Fayi Tian
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jiabao Song
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qingli Shang
- School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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13
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Pan Y, Xu P, Zeng X, Liu X, Shang Q. Characterization of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases and the Potential Contribution to Nicotine Tolerance in Myzus persicae. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3637. [PMID: 31349586 PMCID: PMC6695686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are major phase II detoxification enzymes involved in glycosylation of lipophilic endobiotics and xenobiotics, including phytoalexins. Nicotine, one of the most abundant secondary plant metabolites in tobacco, is highly toxic to herbivorous insects. Plant-herbivore competition is the major impetus for the evolution of large superfamilies of UGTs and other detoxification enzymes. However, UGT functions in green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) adaptation are unknown. In this study, we show that UGT inhibitors (sulfinpyrazone and 5-nitrouracil) significantly increased nicotine toxicity in M. persicae nicotianae, suggesting that UGTs may be involved in nicotine tolerance. In total, 101 UGT transcripts identified in the M. persicae genome/transcriptome were renamed according to the UGT Nomenclature Committee guidelines and grouped into 11 families, UGT329, UGT330, UGT339, UGT341-UGT345, and UGT348-UGT350, with UGT344 containing the most (57). Ten UGTs (UGT330A3, UGT339A2, UGT341A6, UGT342B3, UGT343C3, UGT344D5, UGT344D8, UGT348A3, UGT349A3, and UGT350A3) were highly expressed in M. persicae nicotianae compared to M. persicae sensu stricto. Knockdown of four UGTs (UGT330A3, UGT344D5, UGT348A3, and UGT349A3) significantly increased M. persicae nicotianae sensitivity to nicotine, suggesting that UGT expression in this subspecies may be associated with nicotine tolerance and thus host adaptation. This study reveals possible UGTs relevant to nicotine adaptation in tobacco-consuming M. persicae nicotianae, and the findings will facilitate further validation of the roles of these UGTs in nicotine tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiou Pan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pengjun Xu
- Institute of Tobacco Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiaochun Zeng
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qingli Shang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
- School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Loxdale HD. Aspects, Including Pitfalls, of Temporal Sampling of Flying Insects, with Special Reference to Aphids. INSECTS 2018; 9:E153. [PMID: 30388726 PMCID: PMC6316496 DOI: 10.3390/insects9040153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Since the advent and widespread use of high-resolution molecular markers in the late 1970s, it is now well established that natural populations of insects are not necessarily homogeneous genetically and show variations at different spatial scales due to a variety of reasons, including hybridization/introgression events. In a similar vein, populations of insects are not necessarily homogenous in time, either over the course of seasons or even within a single season. This of course has profound consequences for surveys examining, for whatever reason/s, the temporal population patterns of insects, especially flying insects as mostly discussed here. In the present article, the topics covered include climate and climate change; changes in ecological niches due to changes in available hosts, i.e., essentially, adaptation events; hybridization influencing behaviour⁻host shifts; infection by pathogens and parasites/parasitoids; habituation to light, sound and pheromone lures; chromosomal/genetic changes affecting physiology and behaviour; and insecticide resistance. If such phenomena-i.e., aspects and pitfalls-are not considered during spatio-temporal study programmes, which is even more true in the light of the recent discovery of morphologically similar/identical cryptic species, then the conclusions drawn in terms of the efforts to combat pest insects or conserve rare and endangered species may be in error and hence end in failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh D Loxdale
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK.
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15
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Malka O, Santos-Garcia D, Feldmesser E, Sharon E, Krause-Sakate R, Delatte H, van Brunschot S, Patel M, Visendi P, Mugerwa H, Seal S, Colvin J, Morin S. Species-complex diversification and host-plant associations in Bemisia tabaci: A plant-defence, detoxification perspective revealed by RNA-Seq analyses. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:4241-4256. [PMID: 30222226 PMCID: PMC6334513 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Insect–plant associations and their role in diversification are mostly studied in specialists. Here, we aimed to identify macroevolution patterns in the relationships between generalists and their host plants that have the potential to promote diversification. We focused on the Bemisia tabaci species complex containing more than 35 cryptic species. Mechanisms for explaining this impressive diversification have focused so far on allopatric forces that assume a common, broad, host range. We conducted a literature survey which indicated that species in the complex differ in their host range, with only few showing a truly broad one. We then selected six species, representing different phylogenetic groups and documented host ranges. We tested whether differences in the species expression profiles of detoxification genes are shaped more by their phylogenetic relationships or by their ability to successfully utilize multiple hosts, including novel ones. Performance assays divided the six species into two groups of three, one showing higher performance on various hosts than the other (the lower performance group). The same grouping pattern appeared when the species were clustered according to their expression profiles. Only species placed in the lower performance group showed a tendency to lower the expression of multiple genes. Taken together, these findings bring evidence for the existence of a common detoxification “machinery,” shared between species that can perform well on multiple hosts. We raise the possibility that this “machinery” might have played a passive role in the diversification of the complex, by allowing successful migration to new/novel environments, leading, in some cases, to fragmentation and speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osnat Malka
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Diego Santos-Garcia
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ester Feldmesser
- Department of Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elad Sharon
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Renate Krause-Sakate
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Sharon van Brunschot
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Paul Visendi
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK
| | - Habibu Mugerwa
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK
| | - Susan Seal
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK
| | - John Colvin
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK
| | - Shai Morin
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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16
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Voudouris CC, Williamson MS, Skouras PJ, Kati AN, Sahinoglou AJ, Margaritopoulos JT. Evolution of imidacloprid resistance in Myzus persicae in Greece and susceptibility data for spirotetramat. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:1804-1812. [PMID: 28139069 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myzus persicae s.l. is a major crop pest globally and has evolved resistance to a range of insecticide classes making it increasingly difficult to control in some areas. Here we compare bioassay monitoring data for two important compounds, imidacloprid and spirotetramat, on field samples/clones collected in Greece. RESULTS A total of 122 aphid samples/clones from central and northern Greece were examined in dose-response bioassays with imidacloprid. There was an overall increase in the level of resistance (resistance factor = 15-40) within tobacco-collected samples from 78.7% in 2007 to 86.7% in 2015. The corresponding frequencies for peach samples were 13.3% and 6.7%. These results were confounded however by the first identification of the R81T target mutation in Greece during 2015 (4.3% as heterozygotes in peach) and 2016 (21.3% as heterozygotes in peach). No resistance to spirotetramat was found at the 60 clones collected in 2015. CONCLUSION Resistance to imidacloprid is continuing to increase within Greek M. persicae s.l. populations and the situation is likely to deteriorate further with the recent identification of the R81T resistance mutation. Resistance to spirotetramat has not been found and is therefore a good alternative to neonicotinoids for resistance management. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costas Ch Voudouris
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, Volos, Greece
| | - Martin S Williamson
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Panagiotis J Skouras
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Department of Agricultural Technologies, Technological Educational Institute of Peloponnese, Antikalamos, Greece
| | - Amalia N Kati
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia J Sahinoglou
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, Volos, Greece
| | - John T Margaritopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, Volos, Greece
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17
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Charaabi K, Boukhris-Bouhachem S, Makni M, Fenton B, Denholm I. Genetic variation in target-site resistance to pyrethroids and pirimicarb in Tunisian populations of the peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:2313-2320. [PMID: 26990432 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We used molecular assays to diagnose resistance to pyrethroids and pirimicarb in samples of Myzus persicae from field crops or an insect suction trap in Tunisia. Genotypes for resistance loci were related to ones for polymorphic microsatellite loci in order to investigate breeding systems and patterns of genetic diversity, and to inform resistance management tactics. RESULTS The kdr mutation L1014F conferring pyrethroid resistance was found in all samples. The M918T s-kdr mutation also occurred in most samples, but only in conjunction with kdr. We discovered a previously unreported genotype heterozygous for L1014F but homozygous for M918T. Samples with modified acetylcholinesterase (MACE) conferring resistance to pirimicarb were less common but widespread. 16% of samples contained both the kdr and MACE mutations. Many unique microsatellite genotypes were found, suggesting that M. persicae is holocyclic in Tunisia. There were no consistent associations between resistance and microsatellite markers. CONCLUSION This first study of insecticide resistance in M. persicae in North Africa showed genetic variation in insecticide resistance within microsatellite multilocus genotypes (MLGM s) and the same resistance mechanisms to be present in different MLGM s. This contrasts with variation in northern Europe where M. persicae is fully anholocyclic. Implications for selection and control strategies are discussed. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Charaabi
- Medfly Rearing Facility, Research Unit UR04CNSTN01 'Medical Agricultural Application of Nuclear Techniques', National Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technology (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | | | - Mohamed Makni
- UR Génomique des Insectes Ravageurs des Cultures d'Intérêt Agronomique (GIRC), Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El-Manar, El-Manar, Tunisia
| | - Brian Fenton
- Scotland's Rural College, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ian Denholm
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.
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Popkin M, Piffaretti J, Clamens AL, Qiao GX, Chen J, Vitalis R, Vanlerberghe-Masutti F, Gupta RK, Lamaari M, Langella O, Coeur d'acier A, Jousselin E. Large-scale phylogeographic study of the cosmopolitan aphid pestBrachycaudus helichrysireveals host plant associated lineages that evolved in allopatry. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Popkin
- INRA - UMR 1062 CBGP (INRA, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro); 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis CS 30016 F-34 988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France
| | - Josephine Piffaretti
- INRA - UMR 1062 CBGP (INRA, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro); 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis CS 30016 F-34 988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France
| | - Anne-Laure Clamens
- INRA - UMR 1062 CBGP (INRA, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro); 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis CS 30016 F-34 988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France
| | - Ge-Xia Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 1 Beichen West Road Chaoyang District Beijing 100101 China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 1 Beichen West Road Chaoyang District Beijing 100101 China
| | - Renaud Vitalis
- INRA - UMR 1062 CBGP (INRA, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro); 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis CS 30016 F-34 988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France
| | - Flavie Vanlerberghe-Masutti
- INRA - UMR 1062 CBGP (INRA, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro); 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis CS 30016 F-34 988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France
| | - Rakesh K. Gupta
- Division of Entomology; Faculty of Agriculture; Sher-e-Kashmir University Agricultural & Technology of Jammu; Chatha Jammu 180009 India
| | - Malik Lamaari
- Laboratory of LATPPAM; Department of Agronomy; Institute of Veterinary and Agronomic Sciences; University of Batna; Batna Algeria
| | - Olivier Langella
- CNRS, UMR 0320/UMR 8120 Génétique Végétale; F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Armelle Coeur d'acier
- INRA - UMR 1062 CBGP (INRA, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro); 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis CS 30016 F-34 988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France
| | - Emmanuelle Jousselin
- INRA - UMR 1062 CBGP (INRA, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro); 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis CS 30016 F-34 988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France
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Vosteen I, Gershenzon J, Kunert G. Hoverfly preference for high honeydew amounts creates enemy-free space for aphids colonizing novel host plants. J Anim Ecol 2016; 85:1286-97. [PMID: 27328648 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The existence of an enemy-free space can play an important role in aphid host race formation processes, but little is known about the mechanisms that create an area of low predation pressure on particular host plants. In this paper, we identify a mechanism generating lower predation pressure that promotes the maintenance of the different host races of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) complex, a well-studied model for ecological speciation. The pea aphid consists of at least 15 genetically distinct host races which are native to specific host plants of the legume family, but can all develop on the universal host plant Vicia faba. Previous work showed that hoverfly (Episyrphus balteatus) oviposition preferences contribute to the enemy-free space that helps to maintain the different pea aphid host races, and that higher amounts of honeydew are more attractive to ovipositing hoverflies. Here we demonstrated that aphid honeydew is produced in large amounts when aphid reproduction rate was highest, and is an important oviposition cue for hoverflies under field conditions. However, on less suitable host plants, where honeydew production is reduced, pea aphids enjoy lower predation rates. A reduction in enemy pressure can mitigate the performance disadvantages of aphids colonizing a novel host and probably plays an important role in pea aphid host race formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Vosteen
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Grit Kunert
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
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20
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Loxdale HD, Harvey JA. The ‘generalism’ debate: misinterpreting the term in the empirical literature focusing on dietary breadth in insects. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugh D. Loxdale
- School of Biosciences; Cardiff University; The Sir Martin Evans Building Museum Avenue Cardiff CF10 3AX UK
| | - Jeffrey A. Harvey
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Institute of Ecology; Droevendaalsesteeg 10 6708 PB Wageningen the Netherlands
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21
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Voudouris CC, Kati AN, Sadikoglou E, Williamson M, Skouras PJ, Dimotsiou O, Georgiou S, Fenton B, Skavdis G, Margaritopoulos JT. Insecticide resistance status of Myzus persicae in Greece: long-term surveys and new diagnostics for resistance mechanisms. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:671-83. [PMID: 25960200 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myzus persicae nicotianae is an important pest in Greece, controlled mainly by neonicotinoids. Monitoring of the aphid populations for resistance mechanisms is essential for effective control. RESULTS Two new RFLP-based diagnostics for the detection of the M918T (super-kdr pyrethroid resistance) and nAChR R81T (neonicotinoid resistance) mutations were applied, along with other established assays, on 131 nicotianae multilocus genotypes (MLGs) collected from tobacco and peach in Greece in 2012-2013. Furthermore, we present resistance data from aphid clones (>500, mainly nicotianae) collected in 2006-2007. About half of the clones tested with a diagnostic dose of imidacloprid were tolerant. The R81T mutation was not found in the 131 MLGs and 152 clones examined. Over half (58.6%) of a subset of 29 clones showed a 9-36-fold overexpression of CYP6CY3. M918T was found at low to moderate frequencies. The kdr and MACE mechanisms and carboxylesterase-based resistance were found at high frequency in all years. CONCLUSION The aphid retains costly resistance mechanisms even in the absence of pressure from certain insecticides, which could be attributed to factors related to climate and genetic properties of the populations. The indication of build-up of resistance/tolerance to neonicotinoids, related to CYP6CY3 overexpression, is a matter of concern. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costas Ch Voudouris
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Amalia N Kati
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eldem Sadikoglou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Martin Williamson
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, UK
| | - Panagiotis J Skouras
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Department of Agricultural Technologies, Technological Educational Institute of Peloponnese, Antikalamos, Kalamata, Greece
| | - Ourania Dimotsiou
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stella Georgiou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Brian Fenton
- Crop and Soil Systems Research Group, Scottish Rural University College, Aberdeen, UK
| | - George Skavdis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Chatzivassiliou EK, Papapanagiotou AP, Mpenardis PD, Perdikis DC, Menexes G. Transmission of Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus (MWMV) by Aphids in Greece. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:601-606. [PMID: 30688591 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-15-0805-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aphid-transmitted Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus (MWMV; Potyvirus, Potyviridae) is an emerging pathogen in cucurbit crops in the Mediterranean basin but information on its transmitting vector species is limited. This study aimed to record the competence of 22 species of the Greek aphid fauna to vector MWMV. Timed-probe transmission experiments and arena tests were performed using laboratory colonies of aphid species abundant in field surveys; less common species were tested as apterous individuals collected directly from field plants in mass-inoculation (nonpersistent) tests. Depending on the test, aphids were tested in cohorts of 10 or 20 individuals on zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) plants and the frequency of transmission was calculated for a single aphid. Among 12 species tested in timed-probe transmission tests, Myzus persicae nicotianae (74.0%) appeared to be the most efficient vector, followed by M. persicae (48.0%), Aphis gossypii (11.8%), an unidentified Aphis sp. (11.8%), and A. spiraecola (11.0%). Alatae of nine species tested in arena tests transmitted the virus in rates varying from 0.7 to 53.6%; M. persicae was the most efficient species in virus spread. In mass-inoculation tests, the probability that apterae of 12 aphid species collected from field plants transmitted MWMV fluctuated from 0.3 to 5.3%. No transmission was obtained by Brevicoryne brassicae. The following species are reported as new vectors of MWMV: A. fabae, A. nerii, A. spiraephaga, A. umbrella, Capitophorus eleaegni, Dysaphis (Pomaphis) pyri, Macrosiphoniella sanborni, Macrosiphum rosae, Myzocallis castanicola, Myzus persicae nicotianae, M. cerasi, M. varians, Phorodon humuli, Ovatus crataegarius, Takecallis arundicolens (first report in Greece), Uroleucon sonchi, and U. (Uromelan) aeneum. These results contribute to a better understanding of MWMV epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet K Chatzivassiliou
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Aristeidis P Papapanagiotou
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Technological Education Institute of Western Macedonia, Florina, Greece
| | | | - Dionyssios Ch Perdikis
- Agricultural Zoology and Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens
| | - George Menexes
- Laboratory of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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23
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Cocuzza GEM, Silvestro SD, Giordano R, Rapisarda C. Congruence between cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and morphological data in Anuraphis spp. (Hemiptera, Aphididae) with a comparison between the utility of the 5' barcode and 3' COI regions. Zookeys 2015; 529:123-44. [PMID: 26692796 PMCID: PMC4668903 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.529.6081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The discrimination of species in the genus Anuraphis is particularly difficult due to the overlap of morphological characters. In this study, we used the 5' (barcode) and 3' regions of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) to test their utility in the identification of species in this genus as well as closely related species. Both regions were useful to discriminate all the species tested. However the non-barcode 3' region resulted in higher resolution and support for species relationships when the data were analyzed using both Maximum Likelihood and MrBayes. We propose the development of an integrated database that encompasses morphological, molecular, life-cycle, host plant and bibliographic information to facilitate and increase the accuracy of aphid identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe E. Massimino Cocuzza
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università di Catania, via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Silvestro
- Centro di Ricerca per l’Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, Corso Savoia 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Rosanna Giordano
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931, USA
| | - Carmelo Rapisarda
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università di Catania, via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
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24
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Tapia DH, Silva AX, Ballesteros GI, Figueroa CC, Niemeyer HM, Ramírez CC. Differences in learning and memory of host plant features between specialist and generalist phytophagous insects. Anim Behav 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Li D, Zhao H, Gao H, Hu Z, Hu X. Temperature-Mediated Effects of Host Alternation on the Adaptation of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 44:379-91. [PMID: 26313192 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvu021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Local adaptation, an important phenomenon in ecological speciation, occurs in Myzus persicae (Sulzer), with the tobacco-adapted line proposed as a subspecies. Recent studies showed that temperature could alter the selection strength and direction in host-herbivore interactions. To understand the formation of host-adapted speciation and the effects of temperature on host adaptation, the parthenogenetic progeny of an M. persicae egg were conditioned on two hosts for >10 generations. Then, their life table parameters were studied after reciprocal transfer under a temperature gradient. The results showed that aphids habituated on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and rape (Brassica napus L.) had different optimal temperatures, including different upper thresholds of development and reproduction on original and alternative hosts. After habituation for >10 generations, local adaptation of aphids on the host of origin was formed, which was observed as the better performance of the native aphids compared with the foreign ones. The M. persicae that habituated on rape appeared more generalized to the host plants than the aphids that habituated on tobacco. The adaptation patterns of green peach aphids on two hosts varied differentially according to temperature, which verified the temperature-mediated effects of host selection on herbivores, implying the presence of a demographic basis of aphid seasonal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huiyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Huanhuan Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Zuqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiangshun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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26
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Kati AN, Mandrioli M, Skouras PJ, Malloch GL, Voudouris CC, Venturelli M, Manicardi GC, Tsitsipis JA, Fenton B, Margaritopoulos JT. Recent changes in the distribution of carboxylesterase genes and associated chromosomal rearrangements in Greek populations of the tobacco aphidMyzus persicae nicotianae. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amalia N. Kati
- Plant Pathology Laboratory; School of Agriculture; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; 541 24 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Mauro Mandrioli
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Biology Building via Campi 213/D 411 25 Modena Italy
| | - Panagiotis J. Skouras
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology; Department of Agricultural Technologies; Technological Educational Institute of Peloponnese; Kalamata Greece
| | | | - Costas Ch. Voudouris
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; University of Thessaly; 26 Ploutonos Str. 412 21 Larissa Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; Foundation for Research and Technology; 100 Nikolaou Plastira Str. 700 13 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Mattia Venturelli
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Biology Building via Campi 213/D 411 25 Modena Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Manicardi
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Biology Building via Campi 213/D 411 25 Modena Italy
| | - John A. Tsitsipis
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology; University of Thessaly; 384 46 Nea Ionia Greece
| | - Brian Fenton
- The James Hutton Institute; Invergowrie; Dundee DD2 5DA Scotland UK
| | - John T. Margaritopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; University of Thessaly; 26 Ploutonos Str. 412 21 Larissa Greece
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27
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Mandrioli M, Zanasi F, Manicardi GC. Karyotype rearrangements and telomere analysis in Myzuspersicae (Hemiptera, Aphididae) strains collected on Lavandula sp. plants. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2014; 8:259-74. [PMID: 25610541 PMCID: PMC4296714 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v8i4.8568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Karyotype analysis of nine strains of the peach-potato aphid Myzuspersicae (Sulzer, 1776), collected on Lavandula sp. plants, evidenced showed that five of them had a standard 2n = 12 karyotype, one possessed a fragmentation of the X chromosome occurring at the telomere opposite to the NOR-bearing one and three strains had a chromosome number 2n = 11 due to a non-reciprocal translocation of an autosome A3 onto an A1 chromosome. Interestingly, the terminal portion of the autosome A1 involved in the translocation was the same in all the three strains, as evidenced by FISH with the histone cluster as a probe. The study of telomeres in the Myzuspersicae strain with the X fission evidenced that telomerase synthesised de novo telomeres at the breakpoints resulting in the stabilization of the chromosomal fragments. Lastly, despite the presence of a conserved telomerase, aphid genome is devoid of genes coding for shelterin, a complex of proteins involved in telomere functioning frequently reported as conserved in eukaryotes. The absence of this complex, also confirmed in the genome of other arthropods, suggests that the shift in the sequence of the telomeric repeats has been accompanied by other changes in the telomere components in arthropods in respect to other metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Mandrioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/d, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Zanasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/d, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Manicardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/d, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Bass C, Zimmer CT, Riveron JM, Wilding CS, Wondji CS, Kaussmann M, Field LM, Williamson MS, Nauen R. Gene amplification and microsatellite polymorphism underlie a recent insect host shift. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:19460-5. [PMID: 24218582 PMCID: PMC3845143 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1314122110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Host plant shifts of herbivorous insects may be a first step toward sympatric speciation and can create new pests of agriculturally important crops; however, the molecular mechanisms that mediate this process are poorly understood. Certain races of the polyphagous aphid Myzus persicae have recently adapted to feed on tobacco (Myzus persicae nicotianae) and show a reduced sensitivity to the plant alkaloid nicotine and cross-resistance to neonicotinoids a class of synthetic insecticides widely used for control. Here we show constitutive overexpression of a cytochrome P450 (CYP6CY3) allows tobacco-adapted races of M. persicae to efficiently detoxify nicotine and has preadapted them to resist neonicotinoid insecticides. CYP6CY3, is highly overexpressed in M. persicae nicotianae clones from three continents compared with M. persicae s.s. and expression level is significantly correlated with tolerance to nicotine. CYP6CY3 is highly efficient (compared with the primary human nicotine-metabolizing P450) at metabolizing nicotine and neonicotinoids to less toxic metabolites in vitro and generation of transgenic Drosophila expressing CYP6CY3 demonstrate that it confers resistance to both compounds in vivo. Overexpression of CYP6CY3 results from the expansion of a dinucleotide microsatellite in the promoter region and a recent gene amplification, with some aphid clones carrying up to 100 copies. We conclude that the mutations leading to overexpression of CYP6CY3 were a prerequisite for the host shift of M. persicae to tobacco and that gene amplification and microsatellite polymorphism are evolutionary drivers in insect host adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bass
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph T. Zimmer
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
- Pest Control Biology, Bayer CropScience AG, D40789 Monheim, Germany; and
| | - Jacob M. Riveron
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Craig S. Wilding
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Charles S. Wondji
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Kaussmann
- Pest Control Biology, Bayer CropScience AG, D40789 Monheim, Germany; and
| | - Linda M. Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Martin S. Williamson
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Pest Control Biology, Bayer CropScience AG, D40789 Monheim, Germany; and
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Sanchez JA, La-Spina M, Guirao P, Cánovas F. Inferring the population structure of Myzus persicae in diverse agroecosystems using microsatellite markers. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2013; 103:473-484. [PMID: 23448321 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485313000059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Diverse agroecosystems offer phytophagous insects a wide choice of host plants. Myzus persicae is a polyphagous aphid common in moderate climates. During its life cycle it alternates between primary and secondary hosts. A spatial genetic population structure may arise due to environmental factors and reproduction modes. The aim of this work was to determine the spatial and temporal genetic population structure of M. persicae in relation to host plants and climatic conditions. For this, 923 individuals of M. persicae collected from six plant families between 2005 and 2008 in south-eastern Spain were genotyped for eight microsatellite loci. The population structure was inferred by neighbour-joining, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and Bayesian analyses. Moderate polymorphism was observed for the eight loci in almost all the samples. No differences in the number of alleles were observed between primary and secondary hosts or between geographical areas. The proportion of unique genotypes found in the primary host was similar in the north (0.961 ± 0.036) and the south (0.987 ± 0.013), while in the secondary host it was higher in the north (0.801 ± 0.159) than in the south (0.318 ± 0.063). Heterozygosity excess and linkage disequilibrium suggest a high representation of obligate parthenogens in areas with warmer climate and in the secondary hosts. The F ST-values pointed to no genetic differentiation of M. persicae on the different plant families. F ST-values, AMOVA and Bayesian model-based cluster analyses pointed to a significant population structure that was related to primary and secondary hosts. Differences between primary and secondary hosts could be due to the overrepresentation of parthenogens on herbaceous plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Sanchez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Protección de Cultivos, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, C/Mayor, 1, 30150 La Alberca (Murcia), Spain
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Thomas S, Boissot N, Vanlerberghe-Masutti F. What do spring migrants reveal about sex and host selection in the melon aphid? BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:47. [PMID: 22471629 PMCID: PMC3368726 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Host plants exert considerable selective pressure on aphids because the plants constitute their feeding, mating and oviposition sites. Therefore, host specialisation in aphids evolves through selection of the behavioural and chemical mechanisms of host-plant location and recognition, and through metabolic adaptation to the phloem content of the host plant. How these adaptive traits evolve in an aphid species depends on the complexity of the annual life cycle of that species. The purpose of this field study was to determine how winged spring-migrant populations contribute to the evolution and maintenance of host specialisation in Aphis gossypii through host-plant choice and acceptance. We also assessed whether host-specialised genotypes corresponded exclusively to anholocyclic lineages regardless of the environmental conditions. Results The spring populations of cotton-melon aphids visiting newly planted melon crops exhibited an unexpectedly high level of genetic diversity that contrasted with the very low diversity characterising the host-specialised populations of this aphid species. This study illustrated in natura host-plant-selection pressure by showing the great differences in genetic diversity between the spring-migrant populations (alate aphids) and the melon-infesting populations (the apterous offspring of the alate aphids). Moreover, an analysis of the genetic composition of these alate and apterous populations in four geographic regions suggested differences in life-history strategies, such as host choice and reproductive mode, and questioned the common assertion that A. gossypii is an anholocyclic species throughout its distribution area, including Europe. Conclusions Our results clearly demonstrate that the melon plant acts as a selective filter against the reproduction of non-specialised individuals. We showed that olfactory cues are unlikely to be decisive in natura for host recognition by spring-migrant aphid populations that are not specialised on Cucurbitaceae. The agroecosystem structure and history of the four studied regions may have partially shaped the genetic structure of the spring-migrant populations of A. gossypii. Cucurbitaceae-specialised genotypes corresponded exclusively to anholocyclic lineages, regardless of the environmental conditions. However, some genotypes that were genetically close to the host-specialised genotypes and some genotypes that probably originated from wild plants had never been previously sampled; both were holocylic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Thomas
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
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LOXDALE HUGHD, LUSHAI GUGS, HARVEY JEFFREYA. The evolutionary improbability of ‘generalism’ in nature, with special reference to insects. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Zepeda-Paulo FA, Simon JC, Ramírez CC, Fuentes-Contreras E, Margaritopoulos JT, Wilson ACC, Sorenson CE, Briones LM, Azevedo R, Ohashi DV, Lacroix C, Glais L, Figueroa CC. The invasion route for an insect pest species: the tobacco aphid in the New World. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:4738-52. [PMID: 20958814 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biological invasions are rapid evolutionary events in which populations are usually subject to a founder event during introduction followed by rapid adaptation to the new environment. Molecular tools and Bayesian approaches have shown their utility in exploring different evolutionary scenarios regarding the invasion routes of introduced species. We examined the situation for the tobacco aphid, Myzus persicae nicotianae, a recently introduced aphid species in Chile. Using seven microsatellite loci and approximate Bayesian computation, we studied populations of the tobacco aphid sampled from several American and European countries, identifying the most likely source populations and tracking the route of introduction to Chile. Our population genetic data are consistent with available historical information, pointing to an introduction route of the tobacco aphid from Europe and/or from other putative populations (e.g. Asia) with subsequent introduction through North America to South America. Evidence of multiple introductions to North America from different genetic pools, with successive loss of genetic diversity from Europe towards North America and a strong bottleneck during the southward introduction to South America, was also found. Additionally, we examined the special case of a widespread multilocus genotype that was found in all American countries examined. This case provides further evidence for the existence of highly successful genotypes or 'superclones' in asexually reproducing organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Zepeda-Paulo
- Instituto de Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
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Fenton B, Kasprowicz L, Malloch G, Pickup J. Reproductive performance of asexual clones of the peach-potato aphid, ( Myzus persicae, Homoptera: Aphididae), colonising Scotland in relation to host plant and field ecology. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2010; 100:451-60. [PMID: 19941675 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485309990447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The population of peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), in Scotland comprises large numbers of a few superclones with much smaller numbers of other clones, and the reason for their differential success has yet to be elucidated. In the current study, the reproduction of lineages derived from these clones was measured by counting the numbers of offspring produced by a one-day-old nymph after 15 days. This was measured on four plant species, including local agricultural hosts and at two different temperatures (14 and 18 degrees C). There were significant differences in clonal lineage reproduction on different hosts and at different temperatures and amongst clonal lineages on the same hosts at the same temperature. Lineages of local insecticide sensitive clones did not have the best reproductive potential; instead, a recently introduced clonal lineage carrying MACE insecticide resistance was the best reproducer. The clonal lineage with the lowest reproductive potential also carried insecticide resistance, but this was kdr. A lineage from a local insecticide-sensitive clone was the least affected by reduced temperature. There was evidence of host plant specialisation in some of the clonal lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fenton
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
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Kim H, Lee W, Lee S. Morphometric relationship, phylogenetic correlation, and character evolution in the species-rich genus Aphis (Hemiptera: Aphididae). PLoS One 2010; 5:e11608. [PMID: 20657654 PMCID: PMC2904707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The species-rich genus Aphis consists of more than 500 species, many of them host-specific on a wide range of plants, yet very similar in general appearance due to convergence toward particular morphological types. Most species have been historically clustered into four main phenotypic groups (gossypii, craccivora, fabae, and spiraecola groups). To confirm the morphological hypotheses between these groups and to examine the characteristics that determine them, multivariate morphometric analyses were performed using 28 characters measured/counted from 40 species. To infer whether the morphological relationships are correlated with the genetic relationships, we compared the morphometric dataset with a phylogeny reconstructed from the combined dataset of three mtDNA and one nuclear DNA regions. Principal Findings Based on a comparison of morphological and molecular datasets, we confirmed morphological reduction or regression in the gossypii group unlike in related groups. Most morphological characteristics of the gossypii group were less variable than for the other groups. Due to these, the gossypii group could be morphologically well separated from the craccivora, fabae, and spiraecola groups. In addition, the correlation of the rates of evolution between morphological and DNA datasets was highly significant in their diversification. Conclusions The morphological separation between the gossypii group and the other species-groups are congruent with their phylogenetic relationships. Analysis of trait evolution revealed that the morphological traits found to be significant based on the morphometric analyses were confidently correlated with the phylogeny. The dominant patterns of trait evolution resulting in increased rates of short branches and temporally later evolution are likely suitable for the modality of Aphis speciation because they have adapted species-specifically, rapidly, and more recently on many different host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojoong Kim
- Division of EcoScience and Research Institute of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhoon Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Peccoud J, Simon JC, von Dohlen C, Coeur d’acier A, Plantegenest M, Vanlerberghe-Masutti F, Jousselin E. Evolutionary history of aphid-plant associations and their role in aphid diversification. C R Biol 2010; 333:474-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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DICKEY AM, MEDINA RF. Testing host-associated differentiation in a quasi-endophage and a parthenogen on native trees. J Evol Biol 2010; 23:945-56. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.01962.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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WU TL, MA XH, YAO LM, WANG B. Identification of Soybean Resources of Resistance to Aphids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1671-2927(08)60303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Margaritopoulos JT, Kasprowicz L, Malloch GL, Fenton B. Tracking the global dispersal of a cosmopolitan insect pest, the peach potato aphid. BMC Ecol 2009; 9:13. [PMID: 19432979 PMCID: PMC2687420 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6785-9-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Global commerce and human transportation are responsible for the range expansion of various insect pests such as the plant sucking aphids. High resolution DNA markers provide the opportunity to examine the genetic structure of aphid populations, identify aphid genotypes and infer their evolutionary history and routes of expansion which is of value in developing management strategies. One of the most widespread aphid species is the peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae, which is considered as a serious pest on various crops in many parts of the world. The present study examined the genetic variation of this aphid at a world scale and then related this to distribution patterns. In particular, 197 aphid parthenogenetic lineages from around the world were analysed with six microsatellite loci. Results Bayesian clustering and admixture analysis split the aphid genotypes into three genetic clusters: European M. persicae persicae, New Zealand M. persicae persicae and Global M. persicae nicotianae. This partition was supported by FST and genetic distance analyses. The results showed two further points, a possible connection between genotypes found in the UK and New Zealand and globalization of nicotianae associated with colonisation of regions where tobacco is not cultivated. In addition, we report the presence of geographically widespread clones and for the first time the presence of a nicotianae genotype in the Old and New World. Lastly, heterozygote deficiency was detected in some sexual and asexual populations. Conclusion The study revealed important genetic variation among the aphid populations we examined and this was partitioned according to region and host-plant. Clonal selection and gene flow between sexual and asexual lineages are important factors shaping the genetic structure of the aphid populations. In addition, the results reflected the globalization of two subspecies of M. persicae with successful clones being spread at various scales throughout the world. A subspecies appears to result from direct selection on tobacco plants. This information highlights the ultimate ability of a polyphagous aphid species to generate and maintain ecologically successful gene combinations through clonal propagation and the role of human transportation and global commerce for expanding their range.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Margaritopoulos
- 1Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26, 41221 Larissa, Greece.
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Peccoud J, Ollivier A, Plantegenest M, Simon JC. A continuum of genetic divergence from sympatric host races to species in the pea aphid complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:7495-500. [PMID: 19380742 PMCID: PMC2678636 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0811117106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sympatric populations of insects adapted to different host plants, i.e., host races, are good models to investigate how natural selection can promote speciation in the face of ongoing gene flow. However, host races are documented in very few model systems and their gradual evolution into good species, as assumed under a Darwinian view of species formation, lacks strong empirical support. We aim at resolving this uncertainty by investigating host specialization and gene flow among populations of the pea aphid complex, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Genetic markers and tests of host plant specificity indicate the existence of at least 11 well-distinguished sympatric populations associated with different host plants in Western Europe. Population assignment tests show variable migration and hybridization rates among sympatric populations, delineating 8 host races and 3 possible species. Notably, hybridization correlates negatively with genetic differentiation, forming a continuum of population divergence toward virtually complete speciation. The pea aphid complex thus illustrates how ecological divergence can be sustained among many hybridizing populations and how insect host races blend into species by gradual reduction of gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Peccoud
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1099 BiO3P, Domaine de la Motte, 35653 Le Rheu, France; and
| | - Anthony Ollivier
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1099 BiO3P, Domaine de la Motte, 35653 Le Rheu, France; and
| | - Manuel Plantegenest
- Agrocampus Ouest, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1099 BiO3P, 65 rue de St. Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Simon
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1099 BiO3P, Domaine de la Motte, 35653 Le Rheu, France; and
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CARLETTO J, LOMBAERT E, CHAVIGNY P, BRÉVAULT T, LAPCHIN L, VANLERBERGHE-MASUTTI F. Ecological specialization of the aphidAphis gossypiiGlover on cultivated host plants. Mol Ecol 2009; 18:2198-212. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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