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Zhou YL, Deng LS, Yang SD, Liu CF, Fan YG, Yu WJ. Phylogenetic analysis, morphological studies, element profiling, and muscarine detection reveal a new toxic Inosperma (Inocybaceae, Agaricales) species from tropical China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1326253. [PMID: 38143868 PMCID: PMC10740167 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1326253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropical Asian collections of Inosperma are usually poisonous mushrooms that have caused many poisoning incidents. However, the species diversity and the toxic mechanisms of these Inosperma species are still unclear. In this study, we describe the discovery of Inosperma wuzhishanense sp. nov. from Wuzhishan City, Hainan Province, tropical China. The new species was identified based on morphological and multi-locus (ITS, nrLSU, and RPB2) phylogenetic analyses. The new species is characterized by its reddish-brown pileus, fibrillose stipes with finely protruding fibrils, rather crowded lamellae, smooth and ellipsoid basidiospores, and mostly clavate, thin-walled cheilocystidia. The new species is phylogenetically nested in the Old World tropical clade 2 and is sister to the tropical Indian taxa I. akirnum. Detailed descriptions, color photos of the new species, and comparisons with its closely related species are provided. Additionally, the muscarine content of the new species was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The muscarine contents ranged from 4,359.79 ± 83.87 mg/kg to 7,114.03 ± 76.55 mg/kg, 2,748.37 ± 106.85 mg/kg to 4,491.35 ± 467.21 mg/kg, and 2,301.36 ± 83.52 mg/kg to 2,775.90 ± 205.624 mg/kg in the stipe, pileus, and lamellae, respectively. The elemental composition and concentration were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A total of 24 elements were detected. Among the heavy metals detected, arsenic showed the highest level of toxicity with a concentration of 36.76 ± 0.43 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Zhou
- Hainan Institute for Food Control, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou, China
| | - Lun-Sha Deng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for R & D of Tropical Herbs, Tropical Environment and Health Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shu-Dong Yang
- Changchun Food and Drug Inspection Center, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chao-Feng Liu
- Hainan Institute for Food Control, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou, China
| | - Yu-Guang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for R & D of Tropical Herbs, Tropical Environment and Health Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wen-Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for R & D of Tropical Herbs, Tropical Environment and Health Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Arai T, Kimura S. Spatiotemporal Variability of Trace Elements Fingerprints in Otoliths of Japanese Eel ( Anguilla japonica) and Its Use in Tracing Geographic Origin. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:biology11121733. [PMID: 36552242 PMCID: PMC9774976 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
To secure traceability along supply chains of foodstuffs, the spatiotemporal variability of trace elements' fingerprints (TEF) in fish otoliths provides a powerful tool to determine and discriminate the origin. Spatiotemporal variability of TEF was examined in a commercially important seafood, Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica), by means of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). Six elemental ratios (Na:Ca, Mg:Ca, P:Ca, K:Ca, Sr:Ca, and Ba:Ca) were determined in the otoliths of specimens originating from four aquaculture farms to examine the spatial variability and from one wild habitat over three years to examine the temporal variation. Significant temporal variation was found in Mg:Ca and Sr:Ca ratios; however, discriminant function analysis showed a lower temporal variation (50%) for the three years. Spatial variations were significant in Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca ratios, and discriminant function analysis showed high (80%) spatial variation among the four farms. Otolith TEF in the Japanese eel showed specific spatial variation among aquaculture farms but intangible temporal variation, suggesting the otolith TEF reflect each aquaculture environment. The present study shows that otolith TEF can be a reliable tool to discriminate the geographic origin of the Japanese eel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaomi Arai
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +673-2463001
| | - Shogo Kimura
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8564, Japan
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Fang J, Gao Y, Zhang M, Jiang Q, Chen C, Gao X, Liu Y, Dong H, Tang S, Li T, Shi X. Personal PM 2.5 Elemental Components, Decline of Lung Function, and the Role of DNA Methylation on Inflammation-Related Genes in Older Adults: Results and Implications of the BAPE Study. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:15990-16000. [PMID: 36214782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence of the effects of PM2.5 elements on lung function and DNA methylation is limited. We conducted a longitudinal panel study of 76 healthy older adults aged 60-69 years in Jinan, China, from September 2018 to January 2019. We periodically measured individual 72 h PM2.5 and element concentrations, lung function, and DNA methylation levels of eight inflammation-related genes. We used linear mixed-effect models to investigate the effects of exposure to personal PM2.5 elements on the lung function and DNA methylation. Mediation analysis was used to investigate the underlying effect mechanism. Negative changes in the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity, ranging from -1.23% [95% confidence interval (CI): -2.11%, -0.35%] to -0.77% (95% CI: -1.49%, -0.04%), were significantly associated with interquartile range (IQR) increases in personal PM2.5 at different lag periods (7-12, 13-24, 25-48, 0-24, 0-48, and 0-72 h). Arsenic (As), nickel, rubidium (Rb), selenium, and vanadium were significantly associated with at least three lung function parameters, and IQR increases in these elements led to 0.12-5.66% reductions in these parameters. PM2.5 elements were significantly associated with DNA methylation levels. DNA methylation mediated 7.28-13.02% of the As- and Rb-related reduced lung function. The findings indicate that exposure to elements in personal PM2.5 contributes to reduced lung function through DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Fang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ying Gao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Meiyun Zhang
- Chaoyang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Qizheng Jiang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Chen Chen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xu Gao
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Haoran Dong
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Song Tang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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Yao X, Chen S, Zhang Y, Gao W, Zhou T, Liu Y, Liu L. [Distribution characteristics of 46 elements in drinking water in Ankang area in 2020]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2022; 51:437-462. [PMID: 35718908 DOI: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the distribution characteristics of 46 elements in drinking water in Ankang area of Shanxi Province. METHODS A total of 46 elements in drinking water samples collected in Ankang area during dry and wet seasons in 2020 were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). According to the "drinking water hygiene standards"(GB 5749-2022) and "food safety national standards". the 46 elements were classified As general chemical indexes(Al, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn), toxicological indexes(Cr, As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Ba, B, Mo, Ni, Sb, Be, Ag, Tl), new reference indexes(U, V), and major elements(K, Ca, N) A, Mg), trace elements(Li, Co, Se, Sr, Sn) and rare earth elements(Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Th) were analyzed and described. RESULTS The maximum values of Al and Fe in drinking water in Ankang area were 1.21 and 0.98 mg/L, exceeding the limits of 0.2 and 0.3 mg/L. In dry season, the median content of Fe in drinking water of different water sources was higher in groundwater than in surface water. The Al and Fe of surface water were higher than that of groundwater in wet season. The toxicological indexes all met the standard requirements, and there was no significant difference among districts and counties. The median content of Na in drinking water of different water sources was higher in groundwater than in surface water, while Mg, K and Ca were higher in surface water than in groundwater. The maximum value of the newly added reference index U was 0.015 mg/L lower than the limit standard 0.03 mg/L, and the maximum value of V was 0.019 mg/L higher than the limit standard 0.01 mg/L, but the median of both indexes were low. The median content of Li in drinking water of different water sources was that surface water was higher than groundwater, while Se and Sr were higher in groundwater than surface water. The maximum content of Se was 0.016 mg/L in Ziyang County, and Sr content was generally higher. The content of rare earth elements was low, mostly below the detection. CONCLUSION The drinking water quality in Ankang area is excellent and rich in strontium. However, the general chemical indexes Al, Fe and the newly added appendix index V in some sampling points exceed the limit standard, so supervision and monitoring should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yao
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Shaozhan Chen
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Wenrui Gao
- Ankang Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Ankang 725003, China
| | - Tianhui Zhou
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Alatawi A, Wang X, Maqbool A, Saleem MH, Usman K, Rizwan M, Yasmeen T, Arif MS, Noreen S, Hussain A, Ali S. S-Fertilizer ( Elemental Sulfur) Improves the Phytoextraction of Cadmium through Solanum nigrum L. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19031655. [PMID: 35162678 PMCID: PMC8835520 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with toxic heavy metals [such as cadmium (Cd)] is becoming a serious global problem due to the rapid development of the social economy. This study was carried out to assess the beneficial role of two different kinds of (S)-fertilizer in the phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soil through Solanum nigrum L. Gypsum (Gyp) and Elemental sulfur (ES) was applied alone and in combination with different ratios (0, 100:0, 0:100, 50:50 mg kg-1) accompanied by different Cd levels (0, 25, 50 mg kg-1). After seventy days of sowing, plants were harvested for determination of growth, physiological characteristics, oxidants and antioxidants, along with Cd uptake from different parts of the plant. Cd toxicity significantly inhibited growth, physiology and plant defence systems, and also increased Cd uptake in the roots and shoots of Solanum nigrum L. The application of Gyp 100 mg kg-1 boosted plant growth and physiology along with oxidants and antioxidants activity as compared to ES 100 mg kg-1 alone, and combine application of GYP+ES 50 + 50 mg kg-1. The application of ES 100 mg kg-1 showed an effective approach to decreasing Cd uptake as compared to Gyp 100 mg kg-1. Overall results showed that the combined application of GYP+ES 50 + 50 mg kg-1 significantly enhanced the phytoremediation potential of S. nigrum in Cd contaminated soil. Thus, it is highly recommended to apply the combined application of GYP+ES for phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishah Alatawi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Xiukang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (S.A.)
| | - Arosha Maqbool
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.M.); (M.R.); (T.Y.); (M.S.A.); (S.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Kamal Usman
- Agricultural Research Station, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.M.); (M.R.); (T.Y.); (M.S.A.); (S.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Tahira Yasmeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.M.); (M.R.); (T.Y.); (M.S.A.); (S.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Muhammad Saleem Arif
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.M.); (M.R.); (T.Y.); (M.S.A.); (S.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Shamaila Noreen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.M.); (M.R.); (T.Y.); (M.S.A.); (S.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.M.); (M.R.); (T.Y.); (M.S.A.); (S.N.); (A.H.)
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.M.); (M.R.); (T.Y.); (M.S.A.); (S.N.); (A.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (S.A.)
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Dong T, Sha Y, Liu H, Sun L. Altitudinal Variation of Metabolites, Mineral Elements and Antioxidant Activities of Rhodiola crenulata (Hook.f. & Thomson) H.Ohba. Molecules 2021; 26:7383. [PMID: 34885966 PMCID: PMC8658832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodiolacrenulata (Hook.f. & Thomson) H.Ohba is an alpine medicinal plant that can survive in extreme high altitude environments. However, its changes to extreme high altitude are not yet clear. In this study, the response of Rhodiola crenulata to differences in altitude gradients was investigated through chemical, ICP-MS and metabolomic methods. A targeted study of Rhodiola crenulata growing at three vertical altitudes revealed that the contents of seven elements Ca, Sr, B, Mn, Ni, Cu, and Cd, the phenolic components, the ascorbic acid, the ascorbic acid/dehydroascorbate ratio, and the antioxidant capacity were positively correlated with altitude, while the opposite was true for total ascorbic acid content. Furthermore, 1165 metabolites were identified: flavonoids (200), gallic acids (30), phenylpropanoids (237), amino acids (100), free fatty acids and glycerides (56), nucleotides (60), as well as other metabolites (482). The differential metabolite and biomarker analyses suggested that, with an increasing altitude: (1) the shikimic acid-phenylalanine-phenylpropanoids-flavonoids pathway was enhanced, with phenylpropanoids upregulating biomarkers much more than flavonoids; phenylpropanes and phenylmethanes upregulated, and phenylethanes downregulated; the upregulation of quercetin was especially significant in flavonoids; upregulation of condensed tannins and downregulation of hydrolyzed tannins; upregulation of shikimic acids and amino acids including phenylalanine. (2) significant upregulation of free fatty acids and downregulation of glycerides; and (3) upregulation of adenosine phosphates. Our findings provide new insights on the responses of Rhodiola crenulata to extreme high altitude adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liwei Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.D.); (Y.S.); (H.L.)
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Guo H, Yao Y, Li Y, Wang P, Hu C, Yuan M, Mei H, Zhu J. A case study in forensic soil comparison. J Forensic Sci 2021; 67:766-774. [PMID: 34837401 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Soil examination can provide useful forensic information about the spatial location and suspect's activities. Many techniques have been applied for soil comparison and provenance determination in criminal investigations. Pollen and diatom identification, which has the potential to provide an independent ecological assessment of soil evidence, is currently underused in forensic soil analysis. This work presents a case study of application of these methods to help criminal investigation in a murder case, which happened in an irrigation ditch in Hunan Province, southern China. Soils from the suspect's clothes, the exact crime scene spot in the irrigation ditch, along the ditch and the reference ditches were collected and analyzed. In addition to the element and mineral analysis, pollen and diatom assemblages were analyzed for further comparison. The statistical methods of hierarchical cluster and cosine similarity analysis were carried out to assist in soil comparison and provenance determination. The results showed that soil on the suspect's clothes had a high probability to share the same source with the soil from the crime scene in the irrigation ditch. The suspect confessed to murder based largely on the soil examination result even without other evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Guo
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yifeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yameng Li
- Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security of China, Beijing, China.,Chinese People's Public Security University, Beijing, China
| | - Can Hu
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security of China, Beijing, China
| | - Meiqing Yuan
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security of China, Beijing, China
| | - Hongcheng Mei
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security of China, Beijing, China
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Dzombak DA, Gorman MR. Expanding Perspectives of Element Cycling from 1970 to 2020: The Influence of Stumm and Morgan. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:14342-14346. [PMID: 34235931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There has been significant advancement in understanding of element cycles over the past 50 years, and the contributions of the three editions of Aquatic Chemistry by Stumm and Morgan on the critical role of reactions in the aqueous phase on the global cycles of elements have been substantial. The primary focus of investigation of biogeochemical element cycles has been on the "grand nutrients" carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. The basic chemistry and chemical systems perspective of Aquatic Chemistry helped elucidate the cycles of these elements. Most of the element cycling research beyond the grand nutrients has occurred in the past 20 years and has focused on commodity metals in widespread use, that is, the "technological nutrients". Focus in Aquatic Chemistry on metal chemistry has contributed to understanding of metal cycles. Development of integrated anthropogenic-biogeochemical cycles of metals, led by Graedel and collaborators, has revealed that anthropogenic mobilization of metals dominates the cycles. Integrated "anthrobiogeochemical" element cycles provide for more detailed understanding of sources and their cascading impacts, and enable identification of priorities for source control and/or element recovery. The fundamentals of water chemistry and their application in engineered and natural systems, as presented so effectively in Aquatic Chemistry, have contributed to advancement of anthrobiogeochemical cycle development and analysis and, directly or indirectly, to the scholars who will continue to evolve the understanding and use of element cycles in the years ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Dzombak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Miranda R Gorman
- Project Drawdown, 3450 Sacramento St., Suite 506, San Francisco, California 94118, United States
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Hanari N, Otake T, Itoh N, Wada A, Ohata M, Bao X, Shimizu Y, Falandysz J. Evaluation of flame retardancy and flexural property on prepared plastic disks containing known concentrations of flame retardants through simulated weathering tests. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2021; 56:1287-1295. [PMID: 34590549 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1982332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The standardized acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) or polycarbonate (PC) resin disk with added flame retardants (FRs) has a potential to be a suitable tool for predictions of both aging of the plastic materials and release rate of a flame retardants exposed under different outdoor and indoor conditions. The experiments examined the dynamics and kinetics of the release of dechlorane plus, tetrabromobisphenol A, triphenyl phosphate and antimony trioxide as FRs from a standardized plastic disk before and after exposure to artificial sunlight. Assessments were carried out independently to measure changes in the content of flame retardants and monitor the flame retardancy and flexural properties after exposure (60 W/m2) over a period of 200 h and 500 h, which are reasonable to predict a short-time tendency and to receive any advice for a safe re-use. The releases of three organic flame retardants and four elements (Cl, Br, P and Sb) from weathered ABS and PC disks were very limited, except for surface delamination and resin microparticles. Triphenyl phosphate was stable without hydrolysis, while the degradation of tetrabromobisphenol A was observed (approximately 20% decrease for ABS disk and approximately 50% decrease for PC disk). During the study, no significant differences in the flame retardancy and flexural properties of the disks could be detected. In practice, the results obtained from disks of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene or polycarbonate resin with selected flame retardants used in specific conditions may provide technical expertise regarding weathering processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyasu Hanari
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (NMIJ/AIST) 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Otake
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (NMIJ/AIST) 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobuyasu Itoh
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (NMIJ/AIST) 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ayaka Wada
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (NMIJ/AIST) 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohata
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (NMIJ/AIST) 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Xinnu Bao
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (NMIJ/AIST) 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Shimizu
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (NMIJ/AIST) 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lódź, Lódź, Poland
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Damastuti E, Kurniawati S, Syahfitri WYN, Adventini N, Lestiani DD, Santoso M. Determinations of Minerals Composition of Rices in Java Island, Indonesia. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 66:S479-S485. [PMID: 33612646 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.s479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the staple foods widely consumed by Indonesian people. They usually have rice as the biggest portion on their diet, therefore rice becomes the main source of nutrients of Indonesian people mainly for those whom live in Java Islands. Although rice is known to contain various minerals, but the minerals level are varied based on differences in geographic region associated with soil quality. Hence, quantity and quality of minerals content of rice from different regions of the world are particularly important to be characterized. The present aim of the study was to assess the composition of mineral of rice from different geographical regions in Java Islands, Indonesia using nuclear analytical techniques i.e. Neutron Activation Analysis method... Quality control of data analysis was assessed using SRM NIST Rice Flour 1568a and gave good results with accuracy (% bias) ≤5% and precision (%CV) less than 10%. The essential elements contents such as Fe, Zn, and Se were quantified and found in the range of 2.8-60.9, 2.48-28.8, and 0.01-2.17 mg/kg respectively, while for the toxic elements, Cr and Co in rice are also quantified and found in the range of 0.03-1.24 and 0.003-0.59 mg/kg, respectivelyThe elemental concentrations in rices from Java Island followed the order Zn>Fe>Se>Cr>Co. It also found that rices from East Java Province have higher concentrations of Fe and Se, while the highest mean of Zn concentration was found in the rices from Jakarta province. The daily intake of those elements in rices give significant contribution to their RDA values. These results of mineral contents in rice hopefully can be used as one of references for estimating daily nutritional intake status of especially Javanese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endah Damastuti
- Center for Applied Nuclear Science and Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency
| | - Syukria Kurniawati
- Center for Applied Nuclear Science and Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency
| | | | - Natalia Adventini
- Center for Applied Nuclear Science and Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency
| | - Diah Dwiana Lestiani
- Center for Applied Nuclear Science and Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency
| | - Muhayatun Santoso
- Center for Applied Nuclear Science and Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency
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Russo MV, Notardonato I, Rosada A, Ianiri G, Avino P. Halogenated Volatile Organic Compounds in Water Samples and Inorganic Elements Levels in Ores for Characterizing a High Anthropogenic Polluted Area in the Northern Latium Region (Italy). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:1628. [PMID: 33567749 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper shows a characterization of the organic and inorganic fraction of river waters (Tiber and Marta) and ores/soil samples collected in the Northern Latium region of Italy for evaluating the anthropogenic/natural source contribution to the environmental pollution of this area. For organic compounds, organochloride volatile compounds in Tiber and Marta rivers were analyzed by two different clean-up methods (i.e., liquid–liquid extraction and static headspace) followed by gas chromatography–electron capture detector (GC-ECD) analysis. The results show very high concentrations of bromoform (up to 1.82 and 3.2 µg L−1 in Tiber and Marta rivers, respectively), due to the presence of greenhouse crops, and of chloroform and tetrachloroethene, due to the presence of handicrafts installations. For the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the inorganic fraction, it is highlighted the use of a nuclear analytical method, instrumental neutron activation analysis, which allows having more information as possible from the sample without performing any chemical-physical pretreatment. The results have evidenced high levels of mercury (mean value 88.6 µg g−1), antimony (77.7 µg g−1), strontium (12,039 µg g−1) and zinc (103 µg g−1), whereas rare earth elements show levels similar to the literature data. Particular consideration is drawn for arsenic (414 µg g−1): the levels found in this paper (ranging between 1 and 5100 µg g−1) explain the high content of such element (as arsenates) in the aquifer, a big issue in this area.
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Saugo M, Franzoi M, Niero G, De Marchi M. Mineral equilibrium in commercial curd and predictive ability of near-infrared spectroscopy. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:3947-3955. [PMID: 33485688 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Curd samples (n = 83) from 3 European dairy companies were analyzed for micellar and soluble mineral fractions content using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry as a gold standard method. The same curd samples were analyzed through 3 different near-infrared (NIR) instruments, and NIR spectra were merged with reference data. Prediction equations were developed using modified partial least squares analysis, and the accuracy of prediction was evaluated through leave-one-out cross validation. Overall, NIR spectroscopy was capable of predicting micellar and soluble mineral fractions in curd, but with differences among instruments. Fitting statistics showed that the visible NIR instrument in reflectance mode outperformed the NIR instrument in transmittance mode as well as the portable NIR instrument in reflectance mode. Prediction accuracies for most of the analyzed mineral fractions can be used for curd quality control in dairy companies and to aid in decision-making during the cheesemaking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saugo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M Franzoi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - G Niero
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - M De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
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Abstract
Background: Head hair analysis has been used for decades to clarify mineral relationships to symptoms of ADHD, but there is little consensus among findings. We sought to explore 33 hair element concentrations and their 528 calculated ratios among two groups of boys, one with ADHD and one without.Method: 107 boys aged 7-12 years were recruited; 55 with ADHD and 52 non-ADHD Controls. Hair minerals were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests, p<0.01 was used for significance. Dietary data were obtained using a 138 item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).Results: There were three group differences on individual elements: bismuth/Bi: 8 fold higher in ADHD, chromium/Cr: 15% lower in ADHD and germanium/Ge: 11% lower in ADHD, Cr level being the strongest predictor of ADHD symptoms. We found thirty significant group differences in element ratios, two thirds involving Bi and eight of these showing that as ADHD severity increased, the ratios with Bi as the denominator decreased (r ranging from -0.263 to -0.433, p<0.01). From the FFQ, tinned fruit was consumed more often in the ADHD group. Hair arsenic levels were somewhat elevated across both ADHD and Control groups.Discussion: While element 'imbalance' appears to be associated with ADHD, we did not replicate any previous study results of group differences on individual elements. We have raised the possibility that the ratios may be far more important than any one individual element in better elucidating the effects that minerals may have on the pathogenesis of ADHD. These are cautionary findings requiring replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nida I Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna Lee
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn A Darling
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Julia J Rucklidge
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Wu Y, Wang C, Tan J, Wei HK, Sun H, Peng J. Logistic Regression Analysis Factors Affecting Sperm Motility and Abnormal Sperm Morphology in Boars. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E1004. [PMID: 31756982 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Reduced sperm motility and morphological abnormalities have significant negative impacts on conception rates in sows and are important indexes of semen. The identification of factors that influence sperm motility and morphology will improve boar fertility in commercial herds. On the basis of analysis of 5042 ejaculates from 385 boars using a logistic regression model, we found that serum Cu excess, serum Fe deficiency, and Pb presence in seminal plasma were risk factors for poor semen quality in boars. More importantly, the presence of seminal plasma Pb had more serious effect on the probability of abnormal sperm morphology than serum Cu excess and serum Fe deficiency. In addition, Yorkshire and Landrace boars had higher sperm motility and lower abnormal sperm morphology than Duroc boars. The difference in serum and seminal plasma elements among boars with different semen qualities may become a guide for regulating these elements used in boar diet. The highly predictive values of serum Cu, Fe, and seminal plasma Pb could be used in the future as an additional tool in semen quality evaluation. Abstract Logistic regression models, including variables of boar breed, age, serum, and seminal plasma elements, were used to identify the influencing factors of sperm motility and morphology in this study. Sperm motility degree was classified as grade 0: ≤85% and grade 1: >85%. Abnormal sperm morphology was classified as grade 0: ≤10%, grade 1: 10–20%, and grade 2: >20%. Element concentration of 385 boars was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results showed that boars with serum Cu ≥ 2.5 mg/L had lower sperm motility (odds ratio (OR): 0.496; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.285–0.864) and higher abnormal sperm morphology (OR: 2.003; 95% CI: 1.189–3.376) than those with serum Cu ≤ 2.0 mg/L. Boars with serum Fe ≥ 1.5 mg/L had lower abnormal sperm morphology than those with serum Fe ≤ 1.0 mg/L (OR: 0.463; 95% CI: 0.255–0.842). The presence of Pb in seminal plasma increased abnormal sperm morphology. The probability of abnormal sperm morphology >20% from boars with seminal plasma Pb increased with a range of 5.78–15.30% than that from boars without seminal plasma Pb among three breeds. In conclusion, serum Cu excess, serum Fe deficiency, and seminal plasma Pb are risk factors for poor semen quality in boars.
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Pan Y, Peng T, Xu P, Zeng X, Tian F, Song J, Shang Q. Transcription Factors AhR/ARNT Regulate the Expression of CYP6CY3 and CYP6CY4 Switch Conferring Nicotine Adaptation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4521. [PMID: 31547315 PMCID: PMC6770377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is one of the most toxic secondary plant metabolites in nature and it is highly toxic to herbivorous insects. The overexpression of CYP6CY3 and its homologous isozyme CYP6CY4 in Myzus persicae nicotianae is correlated with nicotine tolerance. The expanded (AC)n repeat in promoter is the cis element for CYP6CY3 transcription. These repeat sequences are conserved in the CYP6CY3 gene from Aphis gossypii and the homologous P450 genes in Acyrthosiphon pisum. The potential transcriptional factors that may regulate CYP6CY3 were isolated by DNA pulldown and sequenced in order to investigate the underlying transcriptional regulation mechanism of CYP6CY3. These identified transcriptional factors, AhR and ARNT, whose abundance was highly correlated with an abundance of the CYP6CY3 gene, were validated. RNAi and co-transfection results further confirm that AhR and ARNT play a major role in the transcriptional regulation of the CYP6CY3 gene. When the CYP6CY3 transcript is destabilized by AhR/ARNT RNAi, the transcription of the CYP6CY4 is dramatically up-regulated, indicating a compensatory mechanism between the CYP6CY3 and CYP6CY4 genes. Our present study sheds light on the CYP6CY3 and CYP6CY4 mediated nicotine adaption of M. persicae nicotianae to tobacco. The current studies shed light on the molecular mechanisms that underlie the genotypic and phenotypic changes that are involved in insect host shifts and we conclude that AhR/ARNT regulate the expression of CYP6CY3 and CYP6CY4 cooperatively, conferring the nicotine adaption of M. persicae nicotianae to tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiou Pan
- School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Tianfei Peng
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Pengjun Xu
- Institute of Tobacco Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiaochun Zeng
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Fayi Tian
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jiabao Song
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qingli Shang
- School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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16
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Deng JG, Ma ZZ, Li Z, Duan L, Jiang JK. [Effect of a Wet Flue Gas Desulphurization System on the Emission of PM 2.5 from Coal-Fired Power Plants]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2019; 40:3457-3462. [PMID: 31854750 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201901020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wet flue gas desulphurization (WFGD) is wildly used to control SO2 emission from coal-fired power plants. The influence of WFGD on particulate matter (PM) emission has recently drawn significant public attentions in China. In this study, PM2.5 was collected at both the inlet and outlet from three WFGD units, including a single scrubber lime-stone-gypsum FGD unit, a cascade scrubber lime-stone-gypsum FGD unit, and a seawater FGD unit. PM2.5 mass concentrations and their chemical compositions were analyzed. A method to calculate the addition and removal ratios is proposed according to the concertation of PM2.5 components, such as Ti, Pb, Cr, and V. The results indicate that the removal ratio was similar between the three WFGD units (77.1% on average). However, the addition ratio varied significantly. The performance of the cascade scrubber lime-stone-gypsum FGD unit was best, with a lower addition ratio of 8.6%, which is attributed to the weaker evaporation of desulphurization slurry droplets in their second tower under the low temperature of the flue gas. The addition ratio of the seawater FGD unit was also low (23.9%) because of its low concentration of solids in the seawater. The addition ratio of the single scrubber lime-stone-gypsum FGD system was highest, with a value of 162.3%, which was probably due to the low efficiency of the de-mister.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Deng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zi-Zhen Ma
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Duan
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing-Kun Jiang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
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Yalçın SS, Fırat MÇ, Tosun E, Yalçın S. A possible etiological factor in obesity: element status in blood and tooth of overweight versus normal-weight children. Int J Environ Health Res 2018; 29:1-13. [PMID: 30318909 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2018.1531115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to assess element status in whole blood and tooth dentin and identify their correlations in overweight or obese children without additional metabolic risk factors. In a case-control study, 40 overweight and 80 normal weight children aged 6-10 years were enrolled. Samples of blood and tooth were collected. While all studied elements were similar in groups in univariate analysis, after adjustment for confounding factors, tooth Mn levels were lower and blood Zn levels were higher in the overweight/obese group (p = 0.049 and p = 0.032, respectively). A significant correlation in blood and tooth dentin levels of Sr and Zn was detected in both groups. In both biological substances, the concentrations of elements did not differ significantly in overweight children without metabolic comorbidities compared to healthy children of normal weight. Presence of low Mn levels in tooth dentin and high Zn levels in blood samples should be explored in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sıddıka Songül Yalçın
- a Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Merve Çiçek Fırat
- a Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Emre Tosun
- b Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Suzan Yalçın
- c Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Selçuk University , Konya , Turkey
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18
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Qin K, Struewing I, Domingo JS, Lytle D, Lu J. Opportunistic Pathogens and Microbial Communities and Their Associations with Sediment Physical Parameters in Drinking Water Storage Tank Sediments. Pathogens 2017; 6:pathogens6040054. [PMID: 29072631 PMCID: PMC5715195 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens6040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and densities of opportunistic pathogens (OPs), the microbial community structure, and their associations with sediment elements from eight water storage tanks in Ohio, West Virginia, and Texas were investigated. The elemental composition of sediments was measured through X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectra. The occurrence and densities of OPs and amoeba hosts (i.e., Legionella spp. and L. pneumophila, Mycobacterium spp., P. aeruginosa, V. vermiformis, Acanthamoeba spp.) were determined using genus- or species-specific qPCR assays. Microbial community analysis was performed using next generation sequencing on the Illumina Miseq platform. Mycobacterium spp. were most frequently detected in the sediments and water samples (88% and 88%), followed by Legionella spp. (50% and 50%), Acanthamoeba spp. (63% and 13%), V. vermiformis (50% and 25%), and P. aeruginosa (0 and 50%) by qPCR method. Comamonadaceae (22.8%), Sphingomonadaceae (10.3%), and Oxalobacteraceae (10.1%) were the most dominant families by sequencing method. Microbial communities in water samples were mostly separated with those in sediment samples, suggesting differences of communities between two matrices even in the same location. There were associations of OPs with microbial communities. Both OPs and microbial community structures were positively associated with some elements (Al and K) in sediments mainly from pipe material corrosions. Opportunistic pathogens presented in both water and sediments, and the latter could act as a reservoir of microbial contamination. There appears to be an association between potential opportunistic pathogens and microbial community structures. These microbial communities may be influenced by constituents within storage tank sediments. The results imply that compositions of microbial community and elements may influence and indicate microbial water quality and pipeline corrosion, and that these constituents may be important for optimal storage tank management within a distribution system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Qin
- ORISE, Office of Research and Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
| | | | - Jorge Santo Domingo
- Office of Research and Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
| | - Darren Lytle
- Office of Research and Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
| | - Jingrang Lu
- Office of Research and Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
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Peng T, Chen X, Pan Y, Zheng Z, Wei X, Xi J, Zhang J, Gao X, Shang Q. Transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor/aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator is involved in regulation of the xenobiotic tolerance-related cytochrome P450 CYP6DA2 in Aphis gossypii Glover. Insect Mol Biol 2017; 26:485-495. [PMID: 28463435 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, is one of the most economically important agricultural pests worldwide as it is polyphagous and resistant to many classes of insecticides. Overexpression of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) CYP6DA2 has previously been found to be associated with gossypol and spirotetramat tolerance in the cotton aphid. In the present study, the elements located in the promoter region (-357:-343; -250:-241; -113:-104) of CYP6DA2 were shown to control promoter activity, and gossypol induction was observed. We hypothesized that the expression of CYP6DA2 is subject to transcriptional regulation. To investigate the underlying mechanism, we assessed two transcription factors, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT), and found that the abundance of AhR was highly correlated with CYP6DA2 abundance. RNA interference of AhR or ARNT significantly decreased the levels of the target gene as well as those of its counterpart, and both dramatically repressed CYP6DA2 expression. Cotransfection of the ARNT, AhR, or AhR plus ARNT and CYP6DA2 promoter constructs elevated CYP6DA2 promoter activity, with the AhR plus ARNT cotransfection being the most effective. Thus, these elements located in the promoter were responsible for CYP6DA2 transcription, and CYP6DA2 expression was regulated by the transcription factors AhR and ARNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Peng
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - X Chen
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Pan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Z Zheng
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - X Wei
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - J Xi
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - J Zhang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - X Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Q Shang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Wang Q, Li M, Yuan Y, Li Y, Liu Z, Zhou D, Zou X. [Direct determination for 22 kinds of elements in umbilical cord serum by ICP-MS]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2017; 46:772-776. [PMID: 29903306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A method for analysis of 22 kinds of elements in umbilical cord serum by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry( ICP-MS) was developed. METHODS The serum samples were taken out and diluted 15 times with 2% HNO3. After centrifugation for 5 min at 5000 r/min, the supernatant was injected into ICP-MS for analysis. Ge was used as internal standard element for correcting analysis of octopole collision model( Fe, As, Se, I) and Sc, Ge, In, Bi were for standard model. ICP-MS analysis was performed on 1550 W of RF power, 15. 00 L/min of plasma gas flow rate, 0. 30 mL/min of sample injection volume and 90 ms of residence time. Octopole collision was carried out with He as reaction gas at 1. 0 L/min, 150 V of octopole RF power and5. 0 V of energy discrimination. RESULTS Internal standard curves were plotted for quantitative analysis and good linearity was obtained in their linear range( r > 0. 9993)and the limits of detection were 0. 00158-1. 21 μg/L. Control serum was analyzed withthe proposedmethod and theresult were in accordance with the standard values. The proposed method was applied to analysis of umbilical cord serum and the spiked recoveries were 86. 4%-116% with RSD of 0. 164%-18. 79%( n = 6). CONCLUSION ICP-MS is rapid, sensitive, accurate and simple. It can effectively determine the concentration of the elements in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Sanitary Technology, West China School of Public Health, University of Sichuan, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingxin Li
- Department of Sanitary Technology, West China School of Public Health, University of Sichuan, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Sanitary Technology, West China School of Public Health, University of Sichuan, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Sanitary Technology, West China School of Public Health, University of Sichuan, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Sanitary Technology, West China School of Public Health, University of Sichuan, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dingyou Zhou
- Department of Sanitary Technology, West China School of Public Health, University of Sichuan, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoli Zou
- Department of Sanitary Technology, West China School of Public Health, University of Sichuan, Chengdu 610041, China
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Kurt A, Torun H, Colak N, Seiler G, Hayirlioglu-Ayaz S, Ayaz FA. Nutrient profiles of the hybrid grape cultivar 'Isabel' during berry maturation and ripening. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:2468-2479. [PMID: 27696425 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hybrid grape cultivar 'Isabel' (Vitis labrusca × V. vinifera) is widely grown in the Black Sea region of Turkey and constitutes an important part of the diet of its inhabitants. Phenological and ampelographic studies of the grape have previously been performed, but there are no data concerning nutrient composition. Its nutrient content needs to be investigated to ascertain its potential economic and nutritional uses in the region. RESULTS The concentrations (range, g kg-1 fresh weight) of major soluble sugars (fructose 2.08-79.70; glucose 3.71-66.74) increased and those of organic acids (tartaric acid 0.05-6.60; malic acid 2.38-9.92) decreased in the skin and pulp during ripening. The major fatty acid was linoleic acid in the skin (50.13), pulp (18.11) and seed (704), while the main minerals (dry weight) were potassium (2.70-19.70), followed by phosphorus (0.53-3.40) and calcium (0.42-5.90) in the parts. CONCLUSION Berry maturation and ripening significantly influenced the concentrations of sugars and organic acids the most in the skin and pulp, but did not significantly affect the concentrations of fatty acids and minerals in the 'Isabel' grape. Our findings also suggest an optimal harvest time in terms of levels of the nutrients. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Kurt
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Hülya Torun
- Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Düzce University, 81620, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Colak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Gerald Seiler
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Sema Hayirlioglu-Ayaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Faik Ahmet Ayaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
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Abstract
The odorant receptor genes, seven transmembrane receptor genes constituting the vastest mammalian gene multifamily, are expressed monogenically and monoallelicaly in each sensory neuron in the olfactory epithelium. This characteristic, often referred to as the one neuron-one receptor rule, is driven by mostly uncharacterized molecular dynamics, generally named odorant receptor gene choice. Much attention has been paid by the scientific community to the identification of sequences regulating the expression of odorant receptor genes within their loci, where related genes are usually arranged in genomic clusters. A number of studies identified transcription factor binding sites on odorant receptor promoter sequences. Similar binding sites were also found on a number of enhancers that regulate in cis their transcription, but have been proposed to form interchromosomal networks. Odorant receptor gene choice seems to occur via the local removal of strongly repressive epigenetic markings, put in place during the maturation of the sensory neuron on each odorant receptor locus. Here we review the fast-changing state of art for the study of regulatory features for odorant receptor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Degl'Innocenti
- Max Planck Institute of BiophysicsFrankfurt am Main, Germany; Cell and Developmental Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of PisaPisa, Italy; Center for Micro-BioRobotics, Italian Institute of Technology, Sant'Anna School of Advanced StudiesPisa, Italy
| | - Anna D'Errico
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Yang HJ, Yang DR, Ye ZX, Zhang HD, Ma XK, Tang ZY, Mao DY. [Characteristics of Elements and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in PM 2.5 at the Southwest Suburb of Chengdu in Spring]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2016; 37:4490-4503. [PMID: 29965287 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201604212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 samples were collected at the southwest suburb of Chengdu in spring (in May 2012 and 2014). The mass concentrations of PM2.5 were determined by the weight method, and 24 chemical elements in PM2.5 were analyzed by XRF. To study the pollution characteristics and sources of chemical elements, and the potential ecological risk of heavy metals in PM2.5, the Geo-accumulation Index, Enrichment Factor, and Potential Ecological Risk Index methods were applied, respectively. The results indicated that the mass concentrations of PM2.5 in spring at the southwest suburb of Chengdu were very high, compared with American EPA's Standard and National Standard level-Ⅱ. The detection of chemical element composition in PM2.5 showed that K and S were the main elements, whereas the contents of Ga, Cs, Co, Cd, and V were the lowest. The differences of elemental concentrations in PM2.5 showed relatively large differences, when compared with domestic and foreign representative cities. Se, Cd, As, Br, S, Pb, Cl and Zn were present at an extremely high level of geo-accumulation degree, which revealed that the pollution coming from human activities was serious. The analysis results of enrichment factor showed that Se, Cd, As, Br, Cl, Pb, Zn and S elements were highly enriched or hyper accumulated, Cu, Cs, Ni, Ga and Co elements were moderately enriched, and they were mainly from human activities rather than soil dust. Cr, Mn, Ca and V elements were mildly enriched, and they were from both natural sources and human activities. Na, Ti, Al, Si and Mg elements were scarcely enriched, and they were mainly from natural sources. The ecological risk assessment of heavy metals showed that the order of potential ecological risk inedx of heavy metals in PM2.5 was Cd > As > Pb > Cu > Zn > Ni > Co > Cr > Mn > V > Ti, while the ecological harm degree of Cd was extremely strong, and the whole potential ecological risk degree was very strong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Jin Yang
- College of Resource and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
- Air Environmental Modeling and Pollution Controlling Key Laboratory of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes, Chengdu 610225, China
- National Environmental Meteorological Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
| | - De-Rong Yang
- College of Resource and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
- Air Environmental Modeling and Pollution Controlling Key Laboratory of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Ye
- College of Resource and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
- Air Environmental Modeling and Pollution Controlling Key Laboratory of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Heng-de Zhang
- National Environmental Meteorological Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xue-Kuan Ma
- National Environmental Meteorological Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhi-Ya Tang
- Department of Science and Technology, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Dong-Yan Mao
- National Meteorological Centre, Beijing 100081, China
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24
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Cai D, Zhao S, Li D, Chang F, Tian X, Huang G, Zhu Z, Liu D, Dou X, Li S, Zhao M, Li Q. Nutrient Intake Is Associated with Longevity Characterization by Metabolites and Element Profiles of Healthy Centenarians. Nutrients 2016; 8:E564. [PMID: 27657115 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationships between diet and metabolites as well as element profiles in healthy centenarians are important but remain inconclusive. Therefore, to test the interesting hypothesis that there would be distinctive features of metabolites and element profiles in healthy centenarians, and that these would be associated with nutrient intake; the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), total bile acids and ammonia in feces, phenol, p-cresol, uric acid, urea, creatinine and ammonia in urine, and element profiles in fingernails were determined in 90 healthy elderly people, including centenarians from Bama county (China)—a famous longevous region—and elderly people aged 80–99 from the longevous region and a non-longevous region. The partial least squares-discriminant analysis was used for pattern recognition. As a result, the centenarians showed a distinct metabolic pattern. Seven characteristic components closely related to the centenarians were identified, including acetic acid, total SCFA, Mn, Co, propionic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid. Their concentrations were significantly higher in the centenarians group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the dietary fiber intake was positively associated with butyric acid contents in feces (r = 0.896, p < 0.01), and negatively associated with phenol in urine (r = −0.326, p < 0.01). The results suggest that the specific metabolic pattern of centenarians may have an important and positive influence on the formation of the longevity phenomenon. Elevated dietary fiber intake should be a path toward health and longevity.
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Van Hemert C, Handel CM. Elements in Whole Blood of Northwestern Crows ( Corvus caurinus ) in Alaska, USA: No Evidence for an Association with Beak Deformities. J Wildl Dis 2016; 52:713-8. [PMID: 27285416 DOI: 10.7589/2015-10-287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A recent outbreak of beak deformities among resident birds in Alaska, US, has raised concern about environmental contamination as a possible underlying factor. We measured whole blood concentrations of 30 essential and nonessential elements to determine whether any were associated with beak deformities in Northwestern Crows ( Corvus caurinus ). We tested for differences between 1) adults with versus those without beak deformities and 2) unaffected adults versus juveniles. Crows with beak deformities had slightly higher levels of barium, molybdenum, and vanadium (all P<0.05), but concentrations were generally low and within the range of values reported from other apparently healthy wild birds. Concentrations of several elements, including selenium, were higher in birds without versus birds with beak deformities (all P<0.05), a difference that may be explained in part by compromised foraging ability associated with the deformities. Adult crows had higher concentrations of cadmium, silicon, and zinc than juveniles (all P<0.05), although differences were relatively small and values were similar to those from other wild birds. Our results suggest that neither selenium nor other tested elements are likely to be causing beak deformities in Alaskan crows. We also provide the first data on elemental concentrations in Northwestern Crows. Levels of selenium far exceeded those typically found in passerine birds and were similar to those in marine-associated waterfowl, suggesting that background levels should be interpreted relative to a species' environment.
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Wang L, Yu H, Yang G, Zhang Y, Wang W, Su T, Ma W, Yang F, Chen L, He L, Ma Y, Zhang Y. Correlation between bone mineral density and serum trace element contents of elderly males in Beijing urban area. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:19250-19257. [PMID: 26770561 PMCID: PMC4694461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Trace element levels are associated with the incidence of osteoporotic fractures, but related mechanisms remain unknown. Trace elements may interfere with growth, development and maintenance of bones. Therefore, we investigated whether plasma trace element levels are associated with bone mineral density in elderly males in Beijing. After epidemiologically investigating 91 elderly males with age ranging from 50 years to 80 years, we obtained a total of 30 healthy (group 1), 31 osteopoenic (group 2) and 30 osteoporotic (group 3) subjects. Blood was collected, and serum concentrations of trace elements were detected. Elderly males in the three groups were carefully matched in terms of body mass index. Iron, manganese, zinc, copper, selenium, cadmium and lead were analysed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by QDR-2000 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Correlation between BMD and serum element contents was analysed using SPSS16.0. The plasma levels of manganese, zinc, copper, selenium and lead were similar in all of the groups (P>0.05). Cadmium was significantly and negatively correlated with BMD of the lumbar vertebrae (P<0.05). Moreover, cadmium and iron contents significantly differed in osteoporotic and healthy groups. These elements may directly and correlatively affect BMD in elderly males. Many trace elements may directly and correlatively influence BMD. Future studies should be conducted to evaluate serum and bone levels of these trace elements to determine the relationship of these trace elements with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Center of Orthopedics, 309 Hospital of PLABeijing 100091, China
| | - Haotian Yu
- Center of Orthopedics, 309 Hospital of PLABeijing 100091, China
| | - Guohua Yang
- Center of Orthopedics, 309 Hospital of PLABeijing 100091, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center of Orthopedics, 309 Hospital of PLABeijing 100091, China
| | - Wenjiao Wang
- Center of Orthopedics, 309 Hospital of PLABeijing 100091, China
| | - Tianjiao Su
- Center of Orthopedics, 309 Hospital of PLABeijing 100091, China
| | - Weifeng Ma
- Center of Orthopedics, 309 Hospital of PLABeijing 100091, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Center of Orthopedics, 309 Hospital of PLABeijing 100091, China
| | - Liying Chen
- Center of Orthopedics, 309 Hospital of PLABeijing 100091, China
| | - Li He
- Division of Science and Technology, National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050, China
| | - Yuanzheng Ma
- Center of Orthopedics, 309 Hospital of PLABeijing 100091, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Systems Biomedical Sciences, University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093, China
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27
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Beck ML, Hopkins WA, Hallagan JJ, Jackson BP, Hawley DM. Exposure to residual concentrations of elements from a remediated coal fly ash spill does not adversely influence stress and immune responses of nestling tree swallows. Conserv Physiol 2014; 2:cou018. [PMID: 27293639 PMCID: PMC4732501 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cou018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities often produce pollutants that can affect the physiology, growth and reproductive success of wildlife. Many metals and trace elements play important roles in physiological processes, and exposure to even moderately elevated concentrations of essential and non-essential elements could have subtle effects on physiology, particularly during development. We examined the effects of exposure to a number of elements from a coal fly ash spill that occurred in December 2008 and has since been remediated on the stress and immune responses of nestling tree swallows. We found that nestlings at the site of the spill had significantly greater blood concentrations of Cu, Hg, Se and Zn in 2011, but greater concentrations only of Se in 2012, in comparison to reference colonies. The concentrations of elements were below levels of significant toxicological concern in both years. In 2011, we found no relationship between exposure to elements associated with the spill and basal or stress-induced corticosterone concentrations in nestlings. In 2012, we found that Se exposure was not associated with cell-mediated immunity based on the response to phytohaemagglutinin injection. However, the bactericidal capacity of nestling plasma had a positive but weak association with blood Se concentrations, and this association was stronger at the spill site. Our results indicate that exposure to these low concentrations of elements had few effects on nestling endocrine and immune physiology. The long-term health consequences of low-level exposure to elements and of exposure to greater element concentrations in avian species require additional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Beck
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, 106 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0321, USA
- Corresponding author: 106 Cheatham Hall, Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0321, USA. Tel: +1 509 339 3235.
| | - William A. Hopkins
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, 106 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0321, USA
| | - John J. Hallagan
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, 106 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0321, USA
| | - Brian P. Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, 6105 Fairchild Hall, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Dana M. Hawley
- Department of Biology, Virginia Tech, 2125 Derring Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0406, USA
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Conn S, Gilliham M. Comparative physiology of elemental distributions in plants. Ann Bot 2010; 105:1081-102. [PMID: 20410048 PMCID: PMC2887064 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants contain relatively few cell types, each contributing a specialized role in shaping plant function. With respect to plant nutrition, different cell types accumulate certain elements in varying amounts within their storage vacuole. The role and mechanisms underlying cell-specific distribution of elements in plants is poorly understood. SCOPE The phenomenon of cell-specific elemental accumulation has been briefly reviewed previously, but recent technological advances with the potential to probe mechanisms underlying elemental compartmentation have warranted an updated evaluation. We have taken this opportunity to catalogue many of the studies, and techniques used for, recording cell-specific compartmentation of particular elements. More importantly, we use three case-study elements (Ca, Cd and Na) to highlight the basis of such phenomena in terms of their physiological implications and underpinning mechanisms; we also link such distributions to the expression of known ion or solute transporters. CONCLUSIONS Element accumulation patterns are clearly defined by expression of key ion or solute transporters. Although the location of element accumulation is fairly robust, alterations in expression of certain solute transporters, through genetic modifications or by growth under stress, result in perturbations to these patterns. However, redundancy or induced pleiotropic expression effects may complicate attempts to characterize the pathways that lead to cell-specific elemental distribution. Accumulation of one element often has consequences on the accumulation of others, which seems to be driven largely to maintain vacuolar and cytoplasmic osmolarity and charge balance, and also serves as a detoxification mechanism. Altered cell-specific transcriptomics can be shown, in part, to explain some of this compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Conn
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
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