1
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Mischling E, Ladich F. Sex-specific difference in agonistic sounds depends on size of sonic organs in fishes: Testing the hypothesis in the croaking gourami (Labyrinth fishes). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 339:838-852. [PMID: 37522465 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
In most vocal fish species, females possess smaller sound-generating organs and vocalize less than males. In certain cases females lack sonic organs, in others differences between sexes are unknown. This study analyzes in detail the relationship between sexual dimorphism of sonic organs and the characteristics of agonistic behavior and of sounds recorded under the same behavioral conditions in a vocal fish species, the croaking gourami Trichopsis vittata. During agonistic contests both sexes stretch and pluck two enhanced (sonic) tendons when beating pectoral fins alternately, resulting in a series of double-pulsed bursts, termed croaking sound. The following anatomical, behavioral, and acoustic variables were analyzed: diameter of enhanced tendons in each specimen, duration of same-sex dyadic contests, number and duration of lateral display bouts and of sounds, number of single- and double-pulsed bursts, burst period, peak-to-peak amplitudes of pulses, dominant frequency and sound pressure level (SPLrms). Female sonic tendons were approximately one-fifth smaller than male's of the same size. Six out of seven behavioral variables did not differ between sexes. Sound characteristics were similar in both sexes except for SPLs, which were on average 5 dB lower in females. The degree of sexual dimorphisms in sonic organs may explain differences in sound characteristics. Sounds differ only in one sound characteristic (SPLrms) in T. vittata, in contrast with the congeneric Trichopsis pumila which possesses a more pronounced sexual dimorphism in sonic organs and in which agonistic sounds differ in all sound properties between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elean Mischling
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Ladich
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Millot M, Faria AM, Amorim MCP. Mating sounds in the two-spotted goby, Pomatoschistus flavescens: Effects of water temperature on acoustic featuresa). THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 154:2642-2652. [PMID: 37877775 DOI: 10.1121/10.0021888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic signals in teleost fishes play a fundamental role in reproduction. As fish are ectothermic animals, temperature has the potential to change their signal production and detection, with further implications for mating interactions. In this study, we describe the mating sounds made by the two-spotted goby, Pomatoschistus flavescens, for the first time and further investigate the effect of temperature on the acoustic features. Courtship sounds of 15 two-spotted goby males were recorded at three different temperatures: 16 °C, 19 °C, and 21 °C. As seen for other marine gobies, two-spotted goby produced two courtship sounds: drums and thumps. Drums showed similar acoustic features to other Pomatoschistus species already studied. Calling rates for both kinds of sound were not affected by the increases in temperature. However, pulse rate increased from 16 °C to 19 °C and stabilised between 19 °C and 21 °C, suggesting that two-spotted gobies reached their physiological limits at 19 °C. Spectral features were also affected by temperature, presenting higher values at 19 °C. Whether or not the observed changes in acoustic features with temperature lead to changes in mating remains to be addressed. Studies like the present one are fundamental to better comprehend how reproduction will be affected by global warming in soniferous fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Millot
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET, Aquatic Research Network, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana M Faria
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Clara P Amorim
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET, Aquatic Research Network, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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3
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Matsubara N, Katakura S, Takahashi R, Akamatsu T, Yasuma H. Sound properties produced by white-edged rockfish (Sebastes taczanowskii) in relation to body and swim bladder size. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 153:1703. [PMID: 37002103 DOI: 10.1121/10.0017424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The sound properties produced by the white-edged rockfish (Sebastes taczanowskii Steindachner, 1880) were compared with the body size. We conducted a tank experiment to compare the sound properties with body length, which ranged from 12.4 to 19.8 cm. Sound production was composed of pulses with a duration of 0.010-0.022 s and a peak frequency of 400-1000 Hz. Peak frequency decreased with fish and swim bladder size and pulse duration. The relationship between sound properties and body size may be useful for estimating the body length of the target species by using passive acoustic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Matsubara
- Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan
| | - Seiji Katakura
- Mombetsu City, 2-1-18 Mombetsu, Hokkaido 094-0005, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Takahashi
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 7620-7 Hasaki, Kamisu, Ibaraki 314-0408, Japan
| | - Tomonari Akamatsu
- Ocean Policy Research Institute, The Sasagawa Peace Foundation, 1-15 Toranomon, Minato, Tokyo 105-8524, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yasuma
- Faculty of Fisheries Science, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
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Parmentier E, Scalbert R, Raick X, Gache C, Frédérich B, Bertucci F, Lecchini D. First use of acoustic calls to distinguish cryptic members of a fish species complex. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Although molecular methods and bioacoustical analysis have been used to uncover cryptic species, the combination of both methodologies is still rare. The humbug damselfish complex, Dascyllus aruanus, is composed of at least two species with Dascyllus aruanus in the Pacific Ocean and Dascyllus abudafur in the Indian Ocean. However, genetic data suggest that additional species could be found. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether the sounds produced by different populations of fish could help to distinguish cryptic species. Recordings of chase and courtship sounds were made on humbug damselfish populations from Madagascar, Taiwan and French Polynesia. Chase sound features are more variable than courtship sounds, suggesting more constraints on courtship sounds, since they would contribute to premating isolation. Comparison between courtship sounds show the variation in acoustic features between Taiwan and Madagascar align with genetic differences, supporting that sounds could discriminate cryptic species in Teleosts. Moreover, differences in both acoustic features and genetic data are also found between Taiwan and French Polynesia, suggesting two clearly distinct populations. Consequently, the name D. emamo can be resurrected for the Polynesian humbug damselfish. External phenotype traits do not allow the distinction between populations, illustrating that only behaviour has been modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Parmentier
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, AFFISH-RC, UR FOCUS, University of Liège , Belgium
| | - Robin Scalbert
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, AFFISH-RC, UR FOCUS, University of Liège , Belgium
| | - Xavier Raick
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, AFFISH-RC, UR FOCUS, University of Liège , Belgium
| | - Camille Gache
- Laboratoire d’Excellence ‘CORAIL’ , Paris , France
- PSL University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE , Moorea , French Polynesia
| | - Bruno Frédérich
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, AFFISH-RC, UR FOCUS, University of Liège , Belgium
| | - Frédéric Bertucci
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, AFFISH-RC, UR FOCUS, University of Liège , Belgium
- Laboratory of Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems (BOREA), University of French West Indies - MNHN - CNRS 8067 - SU - IRD 207 - UCN, Pointe-à-Pitre , Guadeloupe
| | - David Lecchini
- Laboratoire d’Excellence ‘CORAIL’ , Paris , France
- PSL University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE , Moorea , French Polynesia
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5
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Casas L, Saborido-Rey F. Environmental Cues and Mechanisms Underpinning Sex Change in Fish. Sex Dev 2021; 15:108-121. [PMID: 34111868 DOI: 10.1159/000515274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fishes are the only vertebrates that undergo sex change during their lifetime, but even within this group, a unique reproductive strategy is displayed by only 1.5% of the teleosts. This lability in alternating sexual fate is the result of the simultaneous suppression and activation of opposing male and female networks. Here, we provide a brief review summarizing recent advances in our understanding of the environmental cues that trigger sex change and their perception, integration, and translation into molecular cascades that convert the sex of an individual. We particularly focus on molecular events underpinning the complex behavioral and morphological transformation involved in sex change, dissecting the main molecular players and regulatory networks that shape the transformation of one sex into the opposite. We show that histological changes and molecular pathways governing gonadal reorganization are better described than the neuroendocrine basis of sex change and that, despite important advances, information is lacking for the majority of hermaphrodite species. We highlight significant gaps in our knowledge of how sex change takes place and suggest future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Casas
- Ecology and Marine Resources, Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Fran Saborido-Rey
- Ecology and Marine Resources, Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain
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Raick X, Rountree R, Kurchevski G, Juanes F, Huby A, Godinho AL, Parmentier É. Acoustic homogeneity in the piranha Serrasalmus maculatus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:1303-1307. [PMID: 33373041 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Different studies suggest some social calls could be used in fish identification if their specificity is unambiguously assessed. Sounds of different populations of piranhas Serrasalmus maculatus Kner, 1858 were recorded to determine their homogeneity between rivers inside a single basin (Araguari and Grande River, upper Paraná River basin) and between separated basins (Amazon and Paraná basins). All fish from the different populations produced sounds with similar acoustic features. Consequently, the populations were not discernible based on individual sound characteristics. This high homogeneity between sounds from different populations indicates their usefulness for conservation projects using passive acoustic monitoring in piranhas. Moreover, it supports the use of acoustic features as complementary key characteristics in taxonomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Raick
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, Freshwater and Oceanic Science Unit of Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Rodney Rountree
- The Fish Listener, East Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gregório Kurchevski
- Fish Passage Center, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Francis Juanes
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alessia Huby
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, Freshwater and Oceanic Science Unit of Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexandre L Godinho
- Fish Passage Center, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Éric Parmentier
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, Freshwater and Oceanic Science Unit of Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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7
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Raick X, Huby A, Kurchevski G, Godinho AL, Parmentier É. Use of bioacoustics in species identification: Piranhas from genus Pygocentrus (Teleostei: Serrasalmidae) as a case study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241316. [PMID: 33119694 PMCID: PMC7595327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Pygocentrus contains three valid piranha species (P. cariba, P. nattereri and P. piraya) that are allopatric in tropical and subtropical freshwater environments of South America. This study uses acoustic features to differentiate the three species. Sounds were recorded in P. cariba, two populations of P. nattereri (red- and yellow-bellied) and P. piraya; providing sound description for the first time in P. cariba and P. piraya. Calls of P. cariba were distinct from all the other studied populations. Red- and yellow-bellied P. nattereri calls were different from each other but yellow-bellied P. nattereri calls were similar to those of P. piraya. These observations can be explained by considering that the studied specimens of yellow-bellied P. nattereri have been wrongly identified and are actually a sub-population of P. piraya. Morphological examinations and recent fish field recordings in the Araguari River strongly support our hypothesis. This study shows for the first time that sounds can be used to discover identification errors in the teleost taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Raick
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, Freshwater and Oceanic Science Unit of Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Alessia Huby
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, Freshwater and Oceanic Science Unit of Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gregório Kurchevski
- Fish Passage Center, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Lima Godinho
- Fish Passage Center, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Éric Parmentier
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, Freshwater and Oceanic Science Unit of Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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8
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Desrochers L, Branconi R, Schlatter E, Dent B, Buston P. Sensory cues underlying competitive growth in the clown anemonefish (Amphiprion percula). Behav Processes 2020; 181:104276. [PMID: 33091543 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In some animal societies, access to breeding depends on the individual's position in a hierarchy, which often depends on an individual's size. In such societies, individuals may try to outgrow one another to attain a higher rank by engaging in a form of strategic growth (competitive growth). This suggests that members of the hierarchy can track changes in the growth and size of potential competitors and respond accordingly. The clown anemonefish, Amphiprion percula, is one species known to exhibit competitive growth at the initiation of size hierarchies. Here, we use 5 combinations of sensory cues to determine which cues must be available for individuals to engage in competitive growth. Our results show that mechanosensory (pressure and/or touch) cues or unobstructed interactions are necessary for competitive growth to occur. This study provides an understanding of the relationship between sensory cues and phenotypic responses to different social contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Desrochers
- Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | | | - E Schlatter
- Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Brianne Dent
- Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Peter Buston
- Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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9
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Liesch N, Ladich F. Both sexes produce sounds in vocal fish species: testing the hypothesis in the pygmy gourami (labyrinth fishes). J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb223750. [PMID: 32300049 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.223750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In vocal fish species, males possess larger sound-generating organs and signal acoustically with pronounced sex-specific differences. Sound production is known in two out of three species of croaking gouramis (Trichopsis vittata and T. schalleri). The present study investigates sex-specific differences in sonic organs, vocalizing behaviour and sounds emitted in the third species, the pygmy gourami, T. pumila, in order to test the hypothesis that females are able to vocalize despite their less-developed sonic organs, and despite contradictory reports. Croaking gouramis stretch and pluck two enhanced (sonic) pectoral fin tendons during alternate fin beating, resulting in a series of double-pulsed bursts, termed croaking sound. We measured the diameter of the first and second sonic tendon and showed that male tendons were twice as large as in similar-sized females. We also determined the duration of dyadic contests, visual displays, number of sounds and buttings. Sexes differ in all sound characteristics but in no behavioural variable. Male sounds consisted of twice as many bursts, a higher percentage of double-pulsed bursts and a higher burst period. Additionally, male sounds had a lower dominant frequency and a higher sound level. In summary, female pygmy gouramis possessed sonic organs and vocalized in most dyadic contests. The sexual dimorphism in sonic tendons is clearly reflected in sex-specific differences in sound characteristics, but not in agonistic behaviour, supporting the hypothesis that females are vocal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Liesch
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Ladich
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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10
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Nguyen HT, Tran AT, Ha LTL, Ngo DN, Dang BT, Geffen AJ. Host choice and fitness of anemonefish Amphiprion ocellaris (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) living with host anemones (Anthozoa: Actiniaria) in captive conditions. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 94:937-947. [PMID: 30676646 PMCID: PMC6850181 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the host choice of naïve Amphiprion ocellaris, a specialist, at two different stages of development (newly settling juveniles and post-settlement juveniles). The fish were exposed to their natural and unnatural host species in the laboratory and their fitness was assessed in terms of activity and growth rate. Newly settling juveniles exhibited little host preference, while post-settlement juveniles immediately associated with their most common host in the wild. The analysis of fish activity confirmed that A. ocellaris is diurnal; they are most active in the morning, less at midday and barely move at night. The average travelling distance of juveniles was shorter in the groups living with their natural host, increasing in the groups living with an unnatural host and was highest in groups that did not become associated with any other unnatural host species. Post-settlement juveniles living with the natural host species grew better than those living with unnatural hosts or without anemone contact. These results suggest that the welfare of A. ocellaris in captivity will be optimized by keeping them with their natural anemone host species, although more generalist Amphiprion species may survive in association with other hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Thanh T. Nguyen
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Institute of Biotechnology and EnvironmentNha Trang UniversityNha TrangVietnam
| | - A‐Nga T. Tran
- Institute of Biotechnology and EnvironmentNha Trang UniversityNha TrangVietnam
| | - Le Thi L. Ha
- Aquatechnology DepartmentInstitute of OceanographyNha TrangVietnam
| | - Dang N. Ngo
- Institute of Biotechnology and EnvironmentNha Trang UniversityNha TrangVietnam
| | - Binh T. Dang
- Institute of Biotechnology and EnvironmentNha Trang UniversityNha TrangVietnam
| | - Audrey J. Geffen
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
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11
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Simultaneous production of two kinds of sounds in relation with sonic mechanism in the boxfish Ostracion meleagris and O. cubicus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4962. [PMID: 30899084 PMCID: PMC6428821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In fishes, sonic abilities for communication purpose usually involve a single mechanism. We describe here the sonic mechanism and sounds in two species of boxfish, the spotted trunkfish Ostracion meleagris and the yellow boxfish Ostracion cubicus. The sonic mechanism utilizes a T-shaped swimbladder with a swimbladder fenestra and two separate sonic muscle pairs. Extrinsic vertical muscles attach to the vertebral column and the swimbladder. Perpendicularly and below these muscles, longitudinal intrinsic muscles cover the swimbladder fenestra. Sounds are exceptional since they are made of two distinct types produced in a sequence. In both species, humming sounds consist of long series (up to 45 s) of hundreds of regular low-amplitude pulses. Hums are often interspersed with irregular click sounds with an amplitude that is ten times greater in O. meleagris and forty times greater in O. cubicus. There is no relationship between fish size and many acoustic characteristics because muscle contraction rate dictates the fundamental frequency. We suggest that hums and clicks are produced by either separate muscles or by a combination of the two. The mechanism complexity supports an investment of boxfish in this communication channel and underline sounds as having important functions in their way of life.
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12
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Ladich F, Schleinzer G. Sound production in female Trichopsis schalleri (Labyrinth fishes): comparison to males and evolutionary considerations. BIOACOUSTICS 2018; 29:123-139. [PMID: 32257627 PMCID: PMC7077349 DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2018.1555773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Croaking gouramis (genus Trichopsis, Anabantoidei) generate series of two-pulsed bursts (croaks) during agonistic interactions. Sex-specific differences are minor in T. vittata which raises the question whether sexes differ in the other two species. The current study analyses sounds recorded in female T. schalleri, compares the sound characteristics to those of males investigated earlier and correlates these characteristics to female body size. Sex-specific differences were found in three out of six sound characteristics. In females, sounds were lower in burst number, burst period and SPL. Pulse period, dominant frequency and peak-to-peak amplitude ratios of pulses did not differ between sexes. Burst period and SPL increased significantly with female body weight, whereas dominant frequency decreased. The present acoustic data indicate the sex-specific differences are more pronounced in T. schalleri than T. vittata. The results also demonstrate that both sexes are vocal, which remains to be shown for females of the third species, T. pumila, which have poorly developed sonic organs. The evolution of the pectoral sound-producing mechanism in Trichopsis is most likely based on an exaptation process during which acoustic signals are generated by fin tendons initially related to other functions as is evident in closely related genera lacking this organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Ladich
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Günter Schleinzer
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Salis P, Roux N, Soulat O, Lecchini D, Laudet V, Frédérich B. Ontogenetic and phylogenetic simplification during white stripe evolution in clownfishes. BMC Biol 2018; 16:90. [PMID: 30180844 PMCID: PMC6123960 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biologists have long been fascinated by the striking diversity of complex color patterns in tropical reef fishes. However, the origins and evolution of this diversity are still poorly understood. Disentangling the evolution of simple color patterns offers the opportunity to dissect both ultimate and proximate causes underlying color diversity. Results Here, we study clownfishes, a tribe of 30 species within the Pomacentridae that displays a relatively simple color pattern made of zero to three vertical white stripes on a dark body background. Mapping the number of white stripes on the evolutionary tree of clownfishes reveals that their color pattern diversification results from successive caudal to rostral losses of stripes. Moreover, we demonstrate that stripes always appear with a rostral to caudal stereotyped sequence during larval to juvenile transition. Drug treatments (TAE 684) during this period leads to a dose-dependent loss of stripes, demonstrating that white stripes are made of iridophores and that these cells initiate the stripe formation. Surprisingly, juveniles of several species (e.g., Amphiprion frenatus) have supplementary stripes when compared to their respective adults. These stripes disappear caudo-rostrally during the juvenile phase leading to the definitive color pattern. Remarkably, the reduction of stripe number over ontogeny matches the sequences of stripe losses during evolution, showing that color pattern diversification among clownfish lineages results from changes in developmental processes. Finally, we reveal that the diversity of striped patterns plays a key role for species recognition. Conclusions Overall, our findings illustrate how developmental, ecological, and social processes have shaped the diversification of color patterns during the radiation of an emblematic coral reef fish lineage. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-018-0559-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Salis
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR CNRS 7232 BIOM, Sorbonne Université Paris, 1, Avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Natacha Roux
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR CNRS 7232 BIOM, Sorbonne Université Paris, 1, Avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Olivier Soulat
- Aquarium de Canet-en-Roussillon, 2 Boulevard de la Jetée, 66140, Canet-en-Roussillon, France
| | - David Lecchini
- EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, PSL Research University, BP 1013, 98729, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR CNRS 7232 BIOM, Sorbonne Université Paris, 1, Avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Bruno Frédérich
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, FOCUS, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Lehnen L, Schorcht W, Karst I, Biedermann M, Kerth G, Puechmaille SJ. Using Approximate Bayesian Computation to infer sex ratios from acoustic data. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199428. [PMID: 29928036 PMCID: PMC6013104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Population sex ratios are of high ecological relevance, but are challenging to determine in species lacking conspicuous external cues indicating their sex. Acoustic sexing is an option if vocalizations differ between sexes, but is precluded by overlapping distributions of the values of male and female vocalizations in many species. A method allowing the inference of sex ratios despite such an overlap will therefore greatly increase the information extractable from acoustic data. To meet this demand, we developed a novel approach using Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) to infer the sex ratio of populations from acoustic data. Additionally, parameters characterizing the male and female distribution of acoustic values (mean and standard deviation) are inferred. This information is then used to probabilistically assign a sex to a single acoustic signal. We furthermore develop a simpler means of sex ratio estimation based on the exclusion of calls from the overlap zone. Applying our methods to simulated data demonstrates that sex ratio and acoustic parameter characteristics of males and females are reliably inferred by the ABC approach. Applying both the ABC and the exclusion method to empirical datasets (echolocation calls recorded in colonies of lesser horseshoe bats, Rhinolophus hipposideros) provides similar sex ratios as molecular sexing. Our methods aim to facilitate evidence-based conservation, and to benefit scientists investigating ecological or conservation questions related to sex- or group specific behaviour across a wide range of organisms emitting acoustic signals. The developed methodology is non-invasive, low-cost and time-efficient, thus allowing the study of many sites and individuals. We provide an R-script for the easy application of the method and discuss potential future extensions and fields of applications. The script can be easily adapted to account for numerous biological systems by adjusting the type and number of groups to be distinguished (e.g. age, social rank, cryptic species) and the acoustic parameters investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lehnen
- University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Inken Karst
- NACHTaktiv – Biologists for Bat research GbR, Erfurt, Germany
| | | | - Gerald Kerth
- University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sebastien J. Puechmaille
- University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, Greifswald, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Parmentier E, Frédérich B. Broadening of acoustic repertoire in Pomacentridae: tonal sounds in the Ambon damselfish
Pomacentrus amboinensis. J Zool (1987) 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Parmentier
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, AFFISH‐RC, Institut de Chimie – B6C Université de Liège, Sart Tilman Liège Belgium
| | - B. Frédérich
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, AFFISH‐RC, Institut de Chimie – B6C Université de Liège, Sart Tilman Liège Belgium
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Mélotte G, Vigouroux R, Michel C, Parmentier E. Interspecific variation of warning calls in piranhas: a comparative analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36127. [PMID: 27782184 PMCID: PMC5080574 DOI: 10.1038/srep36127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish sounds are known to be species-specific, possessing unique temporal and spectral features. We have recorded and compared sounds in eight piranha species to evaluate the potential role of acoustic communication as a driving force in clade diversification. All piranha species showed the same kind of sound-producing mechanism: sonic muscles originate on vertebrae and attach to a tendon surrounding the bladder ventrally. Contractions of the sound-producing muscles force swimbladder vibration and dictate the fundamental frequency. It results the calling features of the eight piranha species logically share many common characteristics. In all the species, the calls are harmonic sounds composed of multiple continuous cycles. However, the sounds of Serrasalmus elongatus (higher number of cycles and high fundamental frequency) and S. manueli (long cycle periods and low fundamental frequency) are clearly distinguishable from the other species. The sonic mechanism being largely conserved throughout piranha evolution, acoustic communication can hardly be considered as the main driving force in the diversification process. However, sounds of some species are clearly distinguishable despite the short space for variations supporting the need for specific communication. Behavioural studies are needed to clearly understand the eventual role of the calls during spawning events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Mélotte
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Institut de Chimie, Bât. B6c, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Régis Vigouroux
- HYDRECO Guyane, Laboratoire Environnement de Petit Saut, B.P. 823-97388 Kourou Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Christian Michel
- Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution, AFFISH Research Center, Université de Liège, Institut de Zoologie, 22 quai Van Beneden, B-4020 Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Parmentier
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Institut de Chimie, Bât. B6c, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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18
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Parmentier E, Raick X, Lecchini D, Boyle K, Vanwassenbergh S, Bertucci F, Kéver L. Unusual sound production mechanism in the triggerfish Rhinecanthus aculeatus (Balistidae). J Exp Biol 2016; 220:186-193. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.146514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability to produce sounds has been known for decades in Balistidae. Sounds of many species have been recorded and a variety of sound producing mechanisms have been proposed including teeth stridulation, collision of buccal teeth, and movements of the fins. The best supported hypothesis involves movements of the pectoral fins against the lateral parts of the swimbladder called a drumming membrane. In this study, we describe for the first time the sounds made by the Blackbar triggerfish Rhinecanthus aculeatus that sound like short drum rolls with an average duration of 85 ms, 193 Hz dominant frequency and 136 dB SPL level at 3 cm distance. Sounds are a series of pulses that result from alternate sweeping movements of the right and left pectoral fins, which push a system of three scutes that are forced against the swimbladder wall. Pulses from each fin occur in consecutive pairs. High-speed videos indicate that each pulse consists in two cycles. The first part of each cycle corresponds to the inward buckling of the scutes whereas the second part of the cycle corresponds to an apparent passive recoil of the scutes and swimbladder wall. This novel sound production mechanism is likely found in many members of Balistidae because these peculiar scutes are found in other species in the family. Comparison of sound characteristics from fishes of different sizes shows that dominant frequency decreases with size in juveniles but not in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Parmentier
- Université de Liège, Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, AFFISH-RC, Institut de Chimie - B6C, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Xavier Raick
- Université de Liège, Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, AFFISH-RC, Institut de Chimie - B6C, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - David Lecchini
- USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, CRIOBE, Paris Sciences Lettres (PSL), Moorea, French Polynesia
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Kelly Boyle
- Département d'Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, Case postale 55, Paris 75231, Cedex 5, France
| | - Sam Vanwassenbergh
- Département d'Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, Case postale 55, Paris 75231, Cedex 5, France
- Department of Biology, Universiteit Antwerpen, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Bertucci
- Université de Liège, Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, AFFISH-RC, Institut de Chimie - B6C, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Loïc Kéver
- Université de Liège, Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, AFFISH-RC, Institut de Chimie - B6C, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Chambel J, Severiano V, Baptista T, Mendes S, Pedrosa R. Effect of stocking density and different diets on growth of Percula Clownfish, Amphiprion percula (Lacepede, 1802). SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:183. [PMID: 26069869 PMCID: PMC4456576 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-0967-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of stocking density (0.5, 1, 2 and 3 fishL−1) and commercial marine fish diets (diet A, B, C and D) over four months on specific growth rate, condition factor, percentage without anomalous pigmentation (partial or total lack of white bands -miss-band) and survival of juvenile Amphiprion percula. Results showed that at 0.5 fishL−1 densities induced the best survival (100%) and also the maximum percentage of fish without miss-band (58.33 +/−4.417%). The maximum SGR was obtained for the 0.5 fishL−1 (0.459 ± 0.023% cm/day). However, the best condition factor (2.53 +/− 0.27) was achieved for 2 fishL−1 densities. There were no significant differences in survival (68.9 to 84.5%), fish without miss-bands (18.03 to 26.92%) and condition factor (1.92 to 2.1) among diets during the experimental period. On the other hand, diet C (with 41% crude protein) supported the best SGR (0.485 ± 0.001% cmday−1). The results suggested that stocking density are critical and more relevant when compared with the different diet tested, namely on specific growth rate, condition factor, the miss-band and survival of juvenile percula clownfish. This study has particular significance with regards to anemonefishes husbandry in terms of survival and production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Chambel
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Vera Severiano
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Teresa Baptista
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Susana Mendes
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Rui Pedrosa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal
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20
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Environmental constraints drive the partitioning of the soundscape in fishes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:6092-7. [PMID: 25848025 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1424667112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The underwater environment is more and more being depicted as particularly noisy, and the inventory of calling fishes is continuously increasing. However, it currently remains unknown how species share the soundscape and are able to communicate without misinterpreting the messages. Different mechanisms of interference avoidance have been documented in birds, mammals, and frogs, but little is known about interference avoidance in fishes. How fish thus partition the soundscape underwater remains unknown, as acoustic communication and its organization have never been studied at the level of fish communities. In this study, passive acoustic recordings were used to inventory sounds produced in a fish community (120 m depth) in an attempt to understand how different species partition the acoustic environment. We uncovered an important diversity of fish sounds, and 16 of the 37 different sounds recorded were sufficiently abundant to use in a quantitative analysis. We show that sonic activity allows a clear distinction between a diurnal and a nocturnal group of fishes. Moreover, frequencies of signals made during the day overlap, whereas there is a clear distinction between the different representatives of the nocturnal callers because of a lack of overlap in sound frequency. This first demonstration, to our knowledge, of interference avoidance in a fish community can be understood by the way sounds are used. In diurnal species, sounds are mostly used to support visual display, whereas nocturnal species are generally deprived of visual cues, resulting in acoustic constraints being more important.
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21
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Bertucci F, Ruppé L, Van Wassenbergh S, Compère P, Parmentier E. New insights into the role of the pharyngeal jaw apparatus in the sound-producing mechanism of Haemulon flavolineatum (Haemulidae). J Exp Biol 2014; 217:3862-9. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.109025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Grunts are fish that are well known to vocalize, but how they produce their grunting sounds has not been clearly identified. In addition to characterizing acoustic signals and hearing in the French grunt Haemulon flavolineatum, the present study investigates the sound-production mechanism of this species by means of high-speed X-ray videos and scanning electron microscopy of the pharyngeal jaw apparatus. Vocalizations consist of a series of stridulatory sounds: grunts lasting ~47 ms with a mean period of 155 ms and a dominant frequency of ~700 Hz. Auditory capacity was determined to range from 100 to 600 Hz, with greatest sensitivity at 300 Hz (105.0±11.8 dB re. 1 μPa). This suggests that hearing is not tuned exclusively to detect the sounds of conspecifics. High-speed X-ray videos revealed how pharyngeal jaws move during sound production. Traces of erosion on teeth in the fourth ceratobranchial arch suggest that they are also involved in sound production. The similarity of motor patterns of the upper and lower pharyngeal jaws between food processing and sound production indicates that calling is an exaptation of the food-processing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Bertucci
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, AFFISH-RC, University of Liège, 4000 Liège 1, Belgium
| | | | - Sam Van Wassenbergh
- Laboratory for Functional Morphology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, University of Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philippe Compère
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, AFFISH-RC, University of Liège, 4000 Liège 1, Belgium
| | - Eric Parmentier
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, AFFISH-RC, University of Liège, 4000 Liège 1, Belgium
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22
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Frédérich B, Olivier D, Litsios G, Alfaro ME, Parmentier E. Trait decoupling promotes evolutionary diversification of the trophic and acoustic system of damselfishes. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20141047. [PMID: 24990683 PMCID: PMC4100519 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trait decoupling, wherein evolutionary release of constraints permits specialization of formerly integrated structures, represents a major conceptual framework for interpreting patterns of organismal diversity. However, few empirical tests of this hypothesis exist. A central prediction, that the tempo of morphological evolution and ecological diversification should increase following decoupling events, remains inadequately tested. In damselfishes (Pomacentridae), a ceratomandibular ligament links the hyoid bar and lower jaws, coupling two main morphofunctional units directly involved in both feeding and sound production. Here, we test the decoupling hypothesis by examining the evolutionary consequences of the loss of the ceratomandibular ligament in multiple damselfish lineages. As predicted, we find that rates of morphological evolution of trophic structures increased following the loss of the ligament. However, this increase in evolutionary rate is not associated with an increase in trophic breadth, but rather with morphofunctional specialization for the capture of zooplanktonic prey. Lineages lacking the ceratomandibular ligament also shows different acoustic signals (i.e. higher variation of pulse periods) from others, resulting in an increase of the acoustic diversity across the family. Our results support the idea that trait decoupling can increase morphological and behavioural diversity through increased specialization rather than the generation of novel ecotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Frédérich
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Applied and Fundamental Fish Research Center, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Damien Olivier
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Applied and Fundamental Fish Research Center, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Glenn Litsios
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Génopode, Quartier Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael E Alfaro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eric Parmentier
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Applied and Fundamental Fish Research Center, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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23
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Millot S, Parmentier E. Development of the ultrastructure of sonic muscles: a kind of neoteny? BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:24. [PMID: 24507247 PMCID: PMC3924398 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drumming muscles of some sound-producing fish are ‘champions’ of contraction speed, their rate setting the fundamental frequency. In the piranha, contraction of these muscles at 150 Hz drives a sound at the same frequency. Drumming muscles of different not closely related species show evolutionary convergences. Interestingly, some characters of sonic muscles can also be found in the trunk muscles of newly hatched larvae that are able to maintain tail beat frequencies up to 100 Hz. The aim of this work was to study the development of sound production and sonic and epaxial muscles simultaneously in the red bellied piranhas (Pygocentrus nattereri) to seek for possible common characteristics. Results Call, pulse and period durations increased significantly with the fish size, but the call dominant frequencies decreased, and the number of pulses and the call amplitude formed a bell curve. In epaxial muscles, the fibre diameters of younger fish are first positioned in the graphical slope corresponding to sonic muscles, before diverging. The fibre diameter of older fish trunk muscles was bigger, and the area of the myofibrils was larger than in sonic muscles. Moreover, in two of the biggest fish, the sonic muscles were invaded by fat cells and the sonic muscle ultrastructure was similar to the epaxial one. These two fish were also unable to produce any sound, meaning they lost their ability to contract quickly. Conclusions The volume occupied by myofibrils determines the force of contraction, the volume of sarcoplasmic reticulum sets the contraction frequency, and the volume of mitochondria sets the level of sustained performance. The functional outcomes in muscles are all attributable to shifts in the proportions of those structures. A single delay in the development restricts the quantity of myofibrils, maintains a high proportion of space in the sarcoplasm and develops sarcoplasmic reticulum. High-speed sonic muscles could thus be skeletal muscles with delayed development. This hypothesis has the advantage that it could easily explain why high-speed sonic muscles have evolved so many times in different lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Parmentier
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Institut de Chimie, B6C, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Colleye O, Ovidio M, Salmon A, Parmentier E. Contribution to the study of acoustic communication in two Belgian river bullheads (Cottus rhenanus and C. perifretum) with further insight into the sound-producing mechanism. Front Zool 2013; 10:71. [PMID: 24245801 PMCID: PMC3879101 DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-10-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The freshwater sculpins (genus Cottus) are small, bottom-living fishes widely distributed in North America and Europe. The taxonomy of European species has remained unresolved for a long time due to the overlap of morphological characters. Sound production has already been documented in some cottid representatives, with sounds being involved in courtship and agonistic interactions. Although the movements associated with sound production have been observed, the underlying mechanism remains incomplete. Here, we focus on two closely related species from Belgium: C. rhenanus and C. perifretum. This study aims 1) to record and to compare acoustic communication in both species, 2) to give further insight into the sound-producing mechanism and 3) to look for new morphological traits allowing species differentiation. RESULTS Both Cottus species produce multiple-pulsed agonistic sounds using a similar acoustic pattern: the first interpulse duration is always longer, making the first pulse unit distinct from the others. Recording sound production and hearing abilities showed a clear relationship between the sound spectra and auditory thresholds in both species: the peak frequencies of calls are around 150 Hz, which corresponds to their best hearing sensitivity. However, it appears that these fishes could not hear acoustic signals produced by conspecifics in their noisy habitat considering their hearing threshold expressed as sound pressure (~ 125 dB re 1 μPa). High-speed video recordings highlighted that each sound is produced during a complete back and forth movement of the pectoral girdle. CONCLUSIONS Both Cottus species use an acoustic pattern that remained conserved during species diversification. Surprisingly, calls do not seem to have a communicative function. On the other hand, fish could detect substrate vibrations resulting from movements carried out during sound production. Similarities in temporal and spectral characteristics also suggest that both species share a common sound-producing mechanism, likely based on pectoral girdle vibrations. From a morphological point of view, only the shape of the spinelike scales covering the body allows species differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orphal Colleye
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium.
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Pereira R, Rismondo S, Caiano M, Pedroso SS, Fonseca PJ, Amorim MCP. The Role of Agonistic Sounds in Male Nest Defence in the Painted GobyPomatoschistus pictus. Ethology 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Animal e Centro de Biologia Ambiental; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Stefania Rismondo
- Departamento de Biologia Animal e Centro de Biologia Ambiental; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Manuel Caiano
- Departamento de Biologia Animal e Centro de Biologia Ambiental; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Silvia S. Pedroso
- Unidade de Investigação em Eco-Etologia; Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada - Instituto Universitário; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Fonseca
- Departamento de Biologia Animal e Centro de Biologia Ambiental; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Maria Clara P. Amorim
- Unidade de Investigação em Eco-Etologia; Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada - Instituto Universitário; Lisboa Portugal
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26
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Longrie N, Poncin P, Denoël M, Gennotte V, Delcourt J, Parmentier E. Behaviours associated with acoustic communication in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). PLoS One 2013; 8:e61467. [PMID: 23620756 PMCID: PMC3631236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sound production is widespread among fishes and accompanies many social interactions. The literature reports twenty-nine cichlid species known to produce sounds during aggressive and courtship displays, but the precise range in behavioural contexts is unclear. This study aims to describe the various Oreochromis niloticus behaviours that are associated with sound production in order to delimit the role of sound during different activities, including agonistic behaviours, pit activities, and reproduction and parental care by males and females of the species. Methodology/Principal Findings Sounds mostly occur during the day. The sounds recorded during this study accompany previously known behaviours, and no particular behaviour is systematically associated with sound production. Males and females make sounds during territorial defence but not during courtship and mating. Sounds support visual behaviours but are not used alone. During agonistic interactions, a calling Oreochromis niloticus does not bite after producing sounds, and more sounds are produced in defence of territory than for dominating individuals. Females produce sounds to defend eggs but not larvae. Conclusion/Significance Sounds are produced to reinforce visual behaviours. Moreover, comparisons with O. mossambicus indicate two sister species can differ in their use of sound, their acoustic characteristics, and the function of sound production. These findings support the role of sounds in differentiating species and promoting speciation. They also make clear that the association of sounds with specific life-cycle roles cannot be generalized to the entire taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Longrie
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascal Poncin
- Laboratory of Fish and Amphibian Ethology, Behavioural Biology Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Denoël
- Laboratory of Fish and Amphibian Ethology, Behavioural Biology Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent Gennotte
- Aquaculture Research and Education Center (CEFRA), University of Liège, Tihange, Belgium
| | - Johann Delcourt
- Laboratory of Fish and Amphibian Ethology, Behavioural Biology Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Parmentier
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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27
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Colleye O, Parmentier E. Overview on the diversity of sounds produced by clownfishes (Pomacentridae): importance of acoustic signals in their peculiar way of life. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49179. [PMID: 23145114 PMCID: PMC3492317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clownfishes (Pomacentridae) are brightly colored coral reef fishes well known for their mutualistic symbiosis with tropical sea anemones. These fishes live in social groups in which there is a size-based dominance hierarchy. In this structure where sex is socially controlled, agonistic interactions are numerous and serve to maintain size differences between individuals adjacent in rank. Clownfishes are also prolific callers whose sounds seem to play an important role in the social hierarchy. Here, we aim to review and to synthesize the diversity of sounds produced by clownfishes in order to emphasize the importance of acoustic signals in their way of life. Methodology/Principal Findings Recording the different acoustic behaviors indicated that sounds are divided into two main categories: aggressive sounds produced in conjunction with threat postures (charge and chase), and submissive sounds always emitted when fish exhibited head shaking movements (i.e. a submissive posture). Both types of sounds showed size-related intraspecific variation in dominant frequency and pulse duration: smaller individuals produce higher frequency and shorter duration pulses than larger ones, and inversely. Consequently, these sonic features might be useful cues for individual recognition within the group. This observation is of significant importance due to the size-based hierarchy in clownfish group. On the other hand, no acoustic signal was associated with the different reproductive activities. Conclusions/Significance Unlike other pomacentrids, sounds are not produced for mate attraction in clownfishes but to reach and to defend the competition for breeding status, which explains why constraints are not important enough for promoting call diversification in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orphal Colleye
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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The relevance of temporal cues in a fish sound: a first experimental investigation using modified signals in cichlids. Anim Cogn 2012; 16:45-54. [PMID: 22911612 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-012-0549-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Playback experiments have been a useful tool for studying the function of sounds and the relevance of different sound characteristics in signal recognition in many different species of vertebrates. However, successful playback experiments in sound-producing fish remain rare, and few studies have investigated the role of particular sound features in the encoding of information. In this study, we set-up an apparatus in order to test the relevance of acoustic signals in males of the cichlid Metriaclima zebra. We found that territorial males responded more to playbacks by increasing their territorial activity and approaching the loudspeaker during and after playbacks. If sounds are used to indicate the presence of a competitor, we modified two sound characteristics, that is, the pulse period and the number of pulses, in order to investigate whether the observed behavioural response was modulated by the temporal structure of sounds recorded during aggressive interactions. Modified sounds yielded little or no effect on the behavioural response they elicited in territorial males, suggesting a high tolerance for variations in pulse period and number of pulses. The biological function of sounds in M. zebra and the lack of responsiveness to our temporal modifications are discussed.
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Colleye O, Nakamura M, Frédérich B, Parmentier E. Further insight into the sound-producing mechanism of clownfishes: what structure is involved in sound radiation? J Exp Biol 2012; 215:2192-202. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.067124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
It was recently demonstrated that clownfishes produce aggressive sounds by snapping their jaw teeth. To date, only the onset of the sound has been studied, which raises the question, what structure is involved in sound radiation? Here, a combination of different approaches has been used to determine the anatomical structure(s) responsible for the size-related variations observed in sound duration and frequency. Filling the swimbladder with physiological liquid specifically modified size-related acoustic features by inducing a significant decrease in pulse duration of approximately 3 ms and a significant increase in dominant frequency of approximately 105 Hz. However, testing the acoustics of the swimbladder by striking it with a piezoelectric impact hammer showed that this structure is a highly damped sound source prevented from prolonged vibrations. In contrast, the resonant properties of the rib cage seems to account for the size-related variations observed in acoustic features. For an equivalent strike on the rib cage, the duration and dominant frequency of induced sounds changed with fish size: sound duration and dominant frequency were positively and negatively correlated with fish size, respectively. Such relationships between sonic features and fish size are consistent with those observed in natural sounds emitted by fish. Therefore, the swimbladder itself does not act as a resonator; its wall just seems to be driven by the oscillations of the rib cage. This set of observations suggests the need for reassessment of the acoustic role of swimbladders in various fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orphal Colleye
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Masaru Nakamura
- Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Motobu, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Bruno Frédérich
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Parmentier
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Bertucci F, Attia J, Beauchaud M, Mathevon N. Sounds produced by the cichlid fish Metriaclima zebra allow reliable estimation of size and provide information on individual identity. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2012; 80:752-66. [PMID: 22471797 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Sounds produced by male cichlids Metriaclima zebra during aggressive interactions were recorded to conduct a detailed analysis and to search for potential individual acoustic signatures. Fish from two different size groups (small and large individuals) were analysed. The two groups were significantly different for all acoustic variables considered; six of seven features demonstrated a significant interindividual variability and most of them were correlated with the size of the emitter. A cross-validated and permuted discriminant function analysis (pDFA) separated the two groups and correctly classified around 50% of the sounds to the correct individuals. Acoustic features that best distinguished among males were the instantaneous frequency of sounds and the modulation of pulse amplitude. These results suggest that acoustic signals could bear information about individual identity. The long-term stability of this signature is likely to be weak since the signature of a growing individual may change over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bertucci
- Université de Saint-Etienne, Equipe Neuro-Ethologie Sensorielle, ENES/CNPS, CNRS UMR 8195, 23 rue Paul Michelon, 42023 Saint-Etienne cedex 2, France.
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Colleye O, Vandewalle P, Lanterbecq D, Lecchini D, Parmentier E. Interspecific variation of calls in clownfishes: degree of similarity in closely related species. BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:365. [PMID: 22182416 PMCID: PMC3282713 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clownfishes are colorful coral reef fishes living in groups in association with sea anemones throughout the Indo-Pacific Ocean. Within their small societies, size hierarchy determines which fish have access to reproduction. These fishes are also prolific callers whose aggressive sounds seem to play an important role in the social hierarchy. Agonistic interactions being involved in daily behaviour suggest how acoustic communication might play an important role in clownfish group. Sounds were recorded and compared in fourteen clownfish species (some of which have never been recorded before) to evaluate the potential role of acoustic communication as an evolutionary driving force. RESULTS Surprisingly, the relationship between fish size and both dominant frequency and pulse duration is not only species-specific; all the specimens of the 14 species are situated on exactly the same slope, which means the size of any Amphiprion can be predicted by both acoustic features. The number of pulses broadly overlaps among species, whereas the pulse period displays the most variation even if it shows overlap among sympatric species. Sound comparisons between three species (A. akallopisos, A. ocellaris and A. frenatus) having different types of teeth and body shape do not show differences neither in the acoustic waveform nor in the power spectrum. CONCLUSION Significant overlap in acoustic features demonstrates that the sound-producing mechanism is highly conservative among species. Differences in the calls of some species are due to size dimorphism and the sound variation might be in this case a by-product. This morphological constraint does not permit a consideration of acoustic communication as the main driving force in the diversification of clownfishes. Moreover, calls are not produced to find mate and consequently are less subject to variations due to partner preference, which restricts the constraints of diversification. Calls are produced to reach and defend the competition to mate access. However, differences in the pulse period between cohabiting species show that, in some case, sounds can help to differentiate the species, to prevent competition between cohabiting species and to promote the diversification of taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orphal Colleye
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Université de Liège, Allée de la Chimie 3, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Vandewalle
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Université de Liège, Allée de la Chimie 3, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Déborah Lanterbecq
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Université de Mons-Hainaut, Avenue du Champ de Mars 6, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - David Lecchini
- Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l'Environnement (CRIOBE), USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE, 1013 Papetoia Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Eric Parmentier
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Université de Liège, Allée de la Chimie 3, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Parmentier E, Vandewalle P, Brié C, Dinraths L, Lecchini D. Comparative study on sound production in different Holocentridae species. Front Zool 2011; 8:12. [PMID: 21609479 PMCID: PMC3126766 DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-8-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Holocentrids (squirrelfish and soldierfish) are vocal reef fishes whose calls and sound-producing mechanisms have been studied in some species only. The present study aims to compare sound-producing mechanisms in different Holocentridae genera (Holocentrus, Myripristis, Neoniphon, Sargocentron) from separate regions and, in some cases, at different developmental stages. An accurate comparison was made by recording six species while being hand-held, by observing TEM) the sonic muscles and by dissections of the sound-producing mechanism. RESULTS In all these species, calls presented harmonics, their dominant frequency was between 80 and 130 Hz and they were composed of trains of 4 to 11 pulses with gradual increasing periods towards the end of the call. In each case, the calls did not provide reliable information on fish size. The sounds were produced by homologous fast-contracting sonic muscles that insert on articulated ribs whose proximal heads are integrated into the swimbladder: each pulse is the result of the back and forth movements of the ribs. Small differences in the shape of the oscillograms of the different species could be related to the number of ribs that are involved in the sound-producing mechanism. These fish species are able to make sounds as soon as they settle on the reef, when they are 40 days old. Comparison between Neoniphon from Madagascar and from Rangiroa in French Polynesia showed a new, unexpected kind of dialect involving differences at the level of pulse distribution. Neoniphon calls were characterised by a single pulse that was isolated at the beginning of the remaining train in Madagascar whereas they did not show any isolated single pulses at the beginning of the call in Rangiroa. CONCLUSION This family cannot use the acoustic fundamental frequencies (or pulse periods) of grunts to infer the size of partners. Pulse duration and number of pulses are statistically related to fish size. However, these characteristics are poorly informative because the correlation slope values are weak. It remains other features (sound amplitude, resistance to muscle fatigue, calling frequency) could be used to assess the body size. Characteristics of the sound producing mechanisms are conservative. All species possess fast-contracting muscles and have the same kind of sound producing mechanism. They do show some change between clades but these differences are not important enough to deeply modify the waveforms of the calls. In this case, our description of the grunt could be considered as the signature for the holocentrid family and can be used in passive acoustic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Parmentier
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Institut de Chimie, Bât, B6C, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Lechner W, Wysocki LE, Ladich F. Ontogenetic development of auditory sensitivity and sound production in the squeaker catfish Synodontis schoutedeni. BMC Biol 2010; 8:10. [PMID: 20113466 PMCID: PMC2824629 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-8-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surveys of ontogenetic development of hearing and sound production in fish are scarce, and the ontogenetic development of acoustic communication has been investigated in only two fish species so far. Studies on the labyrinth fish Trichopsis vittata and the toadfish Halobatrachus didactylus show that the ability to detect conspecific sounds develops during growth. In otophysine fish, which are characterized by Weberian ossicles and improved hearing sensitivities, the ontogenetic development of sound communication has never been investigated. We analysed the ontogeny of the auditory sensitivity and vocalizations in the mochokid catfish Synodontis schoutedeni. Mochokid catfishes of the genus Synodontis are commonly called squeakers because they produce broadband stridulation sounds during abduction and adduction of pectoral fin spines. Fish from six different size groups - from 22 mm standard length to 126 mm - were studied. Hearing thresholds were measured between 50 Hz and 6 kHz using the auditory evoked potentials recording technique; stridulation sounds were recorded and their sound pressure levels determined. Finally, absolute sound power spectra were compared to auditory sensitivity curves within each size group. RESULTS The smallest juveniles showed the poorest hearing abilities of all size groups between 50 and 1,000 Hz and highest hearing sensitivity at 5 and 6 kHz. The duration of abduction and adduction sounds and the pulse period increased and sound pressure level (in animals smaller than 58 mm) increased, while the dominant frequency of sounds decreased with size in animals larger than 37 mm. Comparisons between audiograms and sound spectra revealed that the most sensitive frequencies correlate with the dominant frequencies of stridulation sounds in all S. schoutedeni size groups and that all specimens are able to detect sounds of all size groups. CONCLUSIONS This study on the squeaker catfish S. schoutedeni is the first to demonstrate that absolute hearing sensitivity changes during ontogeny in an otophysine fish. This contrasts with prior studies on two cypriniform fish species in which no such change could be observed. Furthermore, S. schoutedeni can detect conspecific sounds at all stages of development, again contrasting with prior findings in fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Lechner
- University of Vienna, Department of Behavioural Biology, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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