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Solís-Mendoza M, Chassin-Noria O, Pérez Hernández CL, Mendoza-Cuenca L. Reproductive benefits and reduced investment in parental care behavior associated with reproductive groups of males in Abudefduf troschelii. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15804. [PMID: 37576512 PMCID: PMC10414026 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fishes of the family Pomacentridae present a wide diversity of mating systems, ranging from polygyny to promiscuity and from individual territorial defense to the establishment of reproductive colonies of males. The damselfish species Abudefduf troschelii has a reproductive colony mating system, in which males temporarily aggregate in reproductive areas to court and attract females. Males defend an individual territory where they receive eggs and perform paternal care behaviors for their offspring. The present study evaluated the advantages of the colonial mating system in A. troschelii. During an entire reproductive period, in a breeding colony within a rocky reef, we located, marked, geo-referenced, and measured the distances between the territories of all males. We quantified the variance among males in their patterns of paternal care investment, eggs acquired, hatching success, reproductive success, body size, and changes in body coloration. We found that males spatially distributed their nests in groups or independently (i.e., solitary nests). Nesting groups are formed by larger males that show intense nuptial coloration during the entire receptivity period. They are located centrally to the colony and consist of three to six males whose territories overlap. In contrast, small solitary males that fail to acquire or maintain nuptial coloration during the receptivity period establish their nests peripherally to the colony, away from the territories of other males. Our results highlight that the reproductive benefits of colonial nesting are unequal for males, as the spatial distribution of nests within the colony determines the reproductive success of males. Group nesting confers the highest reproductive benefits to males regarding eggs obtained, hatching success, and relative fitness and also enables males to reduce their parental investment in brood care behaviors. The preference of females for oviposition could be associated with greater intrasexual competitiveness, defense ability, body condition, or experience of group-nesting males located at the center of the colony or because their progeny will have a lower probability of predation than they would in solitary nests males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Solís-Mendoza
- Facultad de Biología/Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Omar Chassin-Noria
- Facultad de Biología/Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Carlos Levi Pérez Hernández
- Laboratorio de Ecología de la Conducta/Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Luis Mendoza-Cuenca
- Laboratorio de Ecología de la Conducta/Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
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2
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Roberts MB, Schultz DT, Gatins R, Escalona M, Bernardi G. Chromosome-level genome of the three-spot damselfish, Dascyllus trimaculatus. G3 (Bethesda) 2023; 13:jkac339. [PMID: 36905099 PMCID: PMC10085752 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Damselfishes (Family: Pomacentridae) are a group of ecologically important, primarily coral reef fishes that include over 400 species. Damselfishes have been used as model organisms to study recruitment (anemonefishes), the effects of ocean acidification (spiny damselfish), population structure, and speciation (Dascyllus). The genus Dascyllus includes a group of small-bodied species, and a complex of relatively larger bodied species, the Dascyllus trimaculatus species complex that is comprised of several species including D. trimaculatus itself. The three-spot damselfish, D. trimaculatus, is a widespread and common coral reef fish species found across the tropical Indo-Pacific. Here, we present the first-genome assembly of this species. This assembly contains 910 Mb, 90% of the bases are in 24 chromosome-scale scaffolds, and the Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs score of the assembly is 97.9%. Our findings confirm previous reports of a karyotype of 2n = 47 in D. trimaculatus in which one parent contributes 24 chromosomes and the other 23. We find evidence that this karyotype is the result of a heterozygous Robertsonian fusion. We also find that the D. trimaculatus chromosomes are each homologous with single chromosomes of the closely related clownfish species, Amphiprion percula. This assembly will be a valuable resource in the population genomics and conservation of Damselfishes, and continued studies of the karyotypic diversity in this clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- May B Roberts
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Darrin T Schultz
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Development, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering and Bioinformatics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Remy Gatins
- Department of Marine Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Merly Escalona
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering and Bioinformatics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Giacomo Bernardi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
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Limón J, Roberts MB, Schultz DT, Bernardi G. The complete mitochondrial genome of Dascyllus trimaculatus (Rüppell, 1829). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2023; 8:105-106. [PMID: 36643812 PMCID: PMC9833399 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2022.2161838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Damselfishes (family Pomacentridae) comprise approximately 400 species that play an important ecological role in temperate and coral reefs. Here, for the first time, we assemble and annotate the mitochondrial genome of Dascyllus trimaculatus, the three-spot dascyllus, a planktivorous damselfish that primarily recruits in anemones. The circular genome of D. trimaculatus is 16,967 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and a control region. Gene arrangement and codon usage is similar to reported mitochondrial genomes of other damselfish genera, and a phylogenetic analysis of a set of damselfish representatives is consistent with known evolutionary analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Limón
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - May B. Roberts
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Darrin T. Schultz
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Development, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, USA,Department of Biomolecular Engineering and Bioinformatics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Giacomo Bernardi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA,CONTACT Giacomo Bernardi Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 115 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA95060, USA
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Salis P, Lee S, Roux N, Lecchini D, Laudet V. The real Nemo movie: Description of embryonic development in Amphiprion ocellaris from first division to hatching. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1651-1667. [PMID: 33899313 PMCID: PMC8597122 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amphiprion ocellaris is one of the rare reef fish species that can be reared in aquaria. It is increasingly used as a model species for Eco-Evo-Devo. Therefore, it is important to have an embryonic development table based on high quality images that will allow for standardized sampling by the scientific community. RESULTS Here we provide high-resolution time-lapse videos to accompany a detailed description of embryonic development in A ocellaris. We describe a series of developmental stages and we define six broad periods of embryogenesis: zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, and organogenesis that we further subdivide into 32 stages. These periods highlight the changing spectrum of major developmental processes that occur during embryonic development. CONCLUSIONS We provide an easy system for the determination of embryonic stages, enabling the development of A ocellaris as a coral reef fish model species. This work will facilitate evolutionary development studies, in particular studies of the relationship between climate change and developmental trajectories in the context of coral reefs. Thanks to its lifestyle, complex behavior, and ecology, A ocellaris will undoubtedly become a very attractive model in a wide range of biological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Salis
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls‐sur‐Mer, UMR CNRS 7232 BIOMSorbonne Université ParisBanyuls‐sur‐MerFrance
- EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBEPSL UniversityMooreaFrench Polynesia
| | - Shu‐hua Lee
- Lab of Marine Eco‐Evo‐Devo, Marine Research StationInstitute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Natacha Roux
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls‐sur‐Mer, UMR CNRS 7232 BIOMSorbonne Université ParisBanyuls‐sur‐MerFrance
| | - David Lecchini
- EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBEPSL UniversityMooreaFrench Polynesia
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Lab of Marine Eco‐Evo‐Devo, Marine Research StationInstitute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
- Marine Eco‐Evo‐Devo UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and TechnologyOnna sonOkinawaJapan
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Muñoz-Cordovez R, De La Maza L, Pérez-Matus A, Carrasco SA. Embryonic and larval traits of the temperate damselfish Chromis crusma reveal important similarities with other Pomacentridae throughout the family's thermal range. J Fish Biol 2019; 95:613-623. [PMID: 31119737 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic development and larval morphology of Chromis crusma was described from five nests sampled between 21 and 25 m depth in central Chile (33°S). From each nest, a set of c. 100 randomly selected eggs were hand-collected and transported in seawater to the laboratory. Subsets of c. 30 eggs per nest were maintained in 50 ml glass containers at a constant ambient temperature of c. 12°C (range 11.5-12.9°C). Egg length (L) and width (W) and larval notochordal length (LN ) were measured from photographs. Geometric morphometric analyses were performed in newly hatched and 1 week old larvae to quantify shape changes. Ellipsoid eggs had an average (mean ± SE) size of 1.12 ± 0.05 mm L and 0.67 ± 0.02 mm W, with volume being similar throughout 15 developmental stages (i.e., ellipsoid-shaped; 0.27 mm3 ). Planktonic larvae hatched between 5 and 11 days at 12°C and had a mean LN of 3.13 ± 0.25 mm, a yolk sack volume of 0.03 mm3 and an oil droplet volume of 0.005 mm3 . Morphological traits at hatching included: (a) lack of paired fins and jaws; (b) single medial fin fold; (c) lack of eye pigmentation; (d) yolk sac present near anterior tip; (e) melanophores distributed along ventral surface with one pair over the forehead. In order to generate an up-to-date summary of developmental traits within Pomacentridae, we reviewed literature on egg development (e.g., shape and number of oil droplets), hatching and larval traits (e.g., morphology, pigmentation patterns). Thirty-two publications accounting for 35 species were selected, where eggs, embryonic development, hatching and larval traits were found for 26, 21, 24 and 34 species, respectively. In order to evaluate potential phylogenetic and environmental relationships within the early stages of Pomacentridae, cluster analyses (Bray Curtis similarity, group average) were also performed on egg and larval traits of 22 species divided by subfamily (Stegastinae, Chrominae, Abudefdufinae, Pomacentrinae) and thermal ranges (i.e., low: 16.5°C (range: 12-21°C), medium: 24.5°C (range:21-28°C) and high: 27°C (range: 26-28°C)), suggesting that early developmental patterns can be segregated by both temperature and phylogenetic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Muñoz-Cordovez
- Subtidal Ecology Laboratory, Departamento de Ecología, Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lucas De La Maza
- Subtidal Ecology Laboratory, Departamento de Ecología, Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Matus
- Subtidal Ecology Laboratory, Departamento de Ecología, Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio A Carrasco
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile
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Roux N, Salis P, Lambert A, Logeux V, Soulat O, Romans P, Frédérich B, Lecchini D, Laudet V. Staging and normal table of postembryonic development of the clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris). Dev Dyn 2019; 248:545-568. [PMID: 31070818 PMCID: PMC6771578 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris is one of the rare coral reef fish species that can be reared in aquaria. With relatively short embryonic and larval development, it could be used as a model species to study the impact of global changes such as temperature rise or anthropogenic threats (eg, pollution) on the postembryonic development at molecular and endocrinological levels. Establishing a developmental table allows us to standardize sampling for the scientific community willing to conduct experiments on this species on different areas: ecology, evolution, and developmental biology. Results Here, we describe the postembryonic developmental stages for the clownfish A. ocellaris from hatching to juvenile stages (30 days posthatching). We quantitatively followed the postembryonic growth and described qualitative traits: head, paired and unpaired fins, notochord flexion, and pigmentation changes. The occurrence of these changes over time allowed us to define seven stages, for which we provide precise descriptions. Conclusions Our work gives an easy system to determine A. ocellaris postembryonic stages allowing, thus, to develop this species as a model species for coral reef fishes. In light of global warming, the access to the full postembryonic development stages of coral reef fish is important to determine stressors that can affect such processes. Seven developmental stages have been identified to describe the larval development of the clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris. Clownfish larvae undergo two distinct developmental growth phases that correspond to growth and metamorphosis. A dichotomous key determination has been created to assist users in identifying the various developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Roux
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, CNRS UMR 7232 BIOM, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.,PSL Research University, USR 3278, EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Pauline Salis
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, CNRS UMR 7232 BIOM, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Anne Lambert
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Valentin Logeux
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, CNRS UMR 7232 BIOM, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Olivier Soulat
- Aquarium de Canet-en-Roussillon, Canet-en-Roussillon, France
| | - Pascal Romans
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, CNRS UMR 7232 BIOM, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Bruno Frédérich
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, FOCUS, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - David Lecchini
- PSL Research University, USR 3278, EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, Moorea, French Polynesia.,Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, CNRS UMR 7232 BIOM, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
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He S, Robitzch V, Hobbs JA, Travers MJ, Lozano‐Cortés D, Berumen ML, DiBattista JD. An examination of introgression and incomplete lineage sorting among three closely related species of chocolate-dipped damselfish (genus: Chromis). Ecol Evol 2019; 9:5468-5478. [PMID: 31110695 PMCID: PMC6509375 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the impact of ecological and environmental histories on the evolution of coral reef damselfishes at two adjacent marine biogeographic suture zones. LOCATION Indo-West Pacific, notably including two suture zones: Socotra and Christmas and Cocos/Keeling Islands. TAXON Chromis dimidiata, Chromis margaritifer, and Chromis fieldi. METHODS We utilized a combination of nuclear and mitochondrial genetic markers in addition to visual abundance survey data of these fishes. RESULTS Despite genetic patterns consistent with incomplete lineage sorting and relatively low genetic differentiation among the three studied Chromis species, there is evidence of hybridization between C. margaritifer and C. fieldi at Christmas Island based on molecular and visual identification. Introgression appears to be spreading westwards to other C. fieldi populations based on COI haplotype comparison. Moreover, the genetic distance between C. margaritifer and C. fieldi suggests that Pleistocene sea-level fluctuations may have contributed to allopatric divergence and secondary contact between these two closely related species. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights that evolutionary processes in coral reef fishes operate differently between suture zones, possibly due to different ecological and environmental predispositions regulating secondary contact of sister species. While secondary contact likely led to hybridization and introgression at Christmas and Cocos/Keeling Islands, none of those processes seem present at Socotra for the chocolate-dipped damselfish. This difference is likely due to an environmental barrier caused by hydrodynamic regimes in the Gulf of Aden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song He
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, Red Sea Research CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Vanessa Robitzch
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, Red Sea Research CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Jean‐Paul A. Hobbs
- School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Michael J. Travers
- Australian Institute of Marine ScienceIndian Oceans Marine Research CentreCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Diego Lozano‐Cortés
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, Red Sea Research CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Michael L. Berumen
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, Red Sea Research CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Joseph D. DiBattista
- School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Australian Museum Research InstituteAustralian MuseumSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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8
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Binning SA, Roche DG, Grutter AS, Colosio S, Sun D, Miest J, Bshary R. Cleaner wrasse indirectly affect the cognitive performance of a damselfish through ectoparasite removal. Proc Biol Sci 2019. [PMID: 29514969 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleaning organisms play a fundamental ecological role by removing ectoparasites and infected tissue from client surfaces. We used the well-studied cleaning mutualisms involving the cleaner wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus, to test how client cognition is affected by ectoparasites and whether these effects are mitigated by cleaners. Ambon damselfish (Pomacentrus amboinensis) collected from experimental reef patches without cleaner wrasse performed worse in a visual discrimination test than conspecifics from patches with cleaners. Endoparasite abundance also negatively influenced success in this test. Visual discrimination performance was also impaired in damselfish experimentally infected with gnathiid (Crustacea: Isopoda) ectoparasites. Neither cleaner absence nor gnathiid infection affected performance in spatial recognition or reversal learning tests. Injection with immune-stimulating lipopolysaccharide did not affect visual discrimination performance relative to saline-injected controls, suggesting that cognitive impairments are not due to an innate immune response. Our results highlight the complex, indirect role of cleaning organisms in promoting the health of their clients via ectoparasite removal and emphasize the negative impact of parasites on host's cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Binning
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland .,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St-Lucia, Australia.,Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique G Roche
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St-Lucia, Australia
| | - Alexandra S Grutter
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St-Lucia, Australia
| | - Simona Colosio
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Derek Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St-Lucia, Australia
| | - Joanna Miest
- Department of Life and Sports Sciences, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK
| | - Redouan Bshary
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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9
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Chausson J, Srinivasan M, Jones GP. Host anemone size as a determinant of social group size and structure in the orange clownfish ( Amphiprion percula). PeerJ 2018; 6:e5841. [PMID: 30416882 PMCID: PMC6225843 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The size and structure of social groups of animals can be governed by a range of ecological factors and behavioral interactions. In small, highly site-attached coral reef fishes, group size is often constrained by the size of the habitat patch they are restricted to. However, group size may also be influenced by changes in abundance along important environmental gradients, such as depth or distance offshore. In addition, the body size and sex structure within social groups can be determined by the size of the habitat patch and the dominance relationships among group members. Here we examined the roles of ecological factors and behavioral interactions in governing group size and structure in the orange clownfish, Amphiprion percula, on inshore reefs in Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea. We quantified relationships between ecological variables (anemone size, depth, and distance from shore) and social group variables (group size, and total body length of the three largest individuals (ranks 1, 2, and 3)). Anemone size explained the greatest amount of variation in group variables, with strong, positive relationships between anemone surface area and group size, and total length of individuals ranked 1, 2, and 3. Group structure was also weakly correlated with increasing depth and distance from shore, most likely through the indirect effects of these environmental gradients on anemone size. Variation in group size and the lengths of ranks 2 and 3 were all closely related to the length of rank 1. Path analysis indicated that anemone size has a strong direct effect on the length of rank 1. In turn, the length of rank 1 directly affects the size of the subordinate individuals and indirectly affects the group size through its influence on subordinates. Hence, anemone size directly and indirectly controls social group size and structure in this space-limited fish species. It is also likely that anemonefish have feedback effects on anemone size, although this could not be differentiated in the path analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Chausson
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Maya Srinivasan
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Geoffrey P Jones
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,ARC Center of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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10
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Salis P, Roux N, Soulat O, Lecchini D, Laudet V, Frédérich B. Ontogenetic and phylogenetic simplification during white stripe evolution in clownfishes. BMC Biol 2018; 16:90. [PMID: 30180844 PMCID: PMC6123960 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biologists have long been fascinated by the striking diversity of complex color patterns in tropical reef fishes. However, the origins and evolution of this diversity are still poorly understood. Disentangling the evolution of simple color patterns offers the opportunity to dissect both ultimate and proximate causes underlying color diversity. Results Here, we study clownfishes, a tribe of 30 species within the Pomacentridae that displays a relatively simple color pattern made of zero to three vertical white stripes on a dark body background. Mapping the number of white stripes on the evolutionary tree of clownfishes reveals that their color pattern diversification results from successive caudal to rostral losses of stripes. Moreover, we demonstrate that stripes always appear with a rostral to caudal stereotyped sequence during larval to juvenile transition. Drug treatments (TAE 684) during this period leads to a dose-dependent loss of stripes, demonstrating that white stripes are made of iridophores and that these cells initiate the stripe formation. Surprisingly, juveniles of several species (e.g., Amphiprion frenatus) have supplementary stripes when compared to their respective adults. These stripes disappear caudo-rostrally during the juvenile phase leading to the definitive color pattern. Remarkably, the reduction of stripe number over ontogeny matches the sequences of stripe losses during evolution, showing that color pattern diversification among clownfish lineages results from changes in developmental processes. Finally, we reveal that the diversity of striped patterns plays a key role for species recognition. Conclusions Overall, our findings illustrate how developmental, ecological, and social processes have shaped the diversification of color patterns during the radiation of an emblematic coral reef fish lineage. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-018-0559-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Salis
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR CNRS 7232 BIOM, Sorbonne Université Paris, 1, Avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Natacha Roux
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR CNRS 7232 BIOM, Sorbonne Université Paris, 1, Avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Olivier Soulat
- Aquarium de Canet-en-Roussillon, 2 Boulevard de la Jetée, 66140, Canet-en-Roussillon, France
| | - David Lecchini
- EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, PSL Research University, BP 1013, 98729, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR CNRS 7232 BIOM, Sorbonne Université Paris, 1, Avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Bruno Frédérich
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, FOCUS, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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11
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Sundin J, Amcoff M, Mateos-González F, Raby GD, Jutfelt F, Clark TD. Long-term exposure to elevated carbon dioxide does not alter activity levels of a coral reef fish in response to predator chemical cues. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2017; 71:108. [PMID: 28736477 PMCID: PMC5498585 DOI: 10.1007/s00265-017-2337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Levels of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) projected to occur in the world’s oceans in the near future have been reported to increase swimming activity and impair predator recognition in coral reef fishes. These behavioral alterations would be expected to have dramatic effects on survival and community dynamics in marine ecosystems in the future. To investigate the universality and replicability of these observations, we used juvenile spiny chromis damselfish (Acanthochromis polyacanthus) to examine the effects of long-term CO2 exposure on routine activity and the behavioral response to the chemical cues of a predator (Cephalopholis urodeta). Commencing at ~3–20 days post-hatch, juvenile damselfish were exposed to present-day CO2 levels (~420 μatm) or to levels forecasted for the year 2100 (~1000 μatm) for 3 months of their development. Thereafter, we assessed routine activity before and after injections of seawater (sham injection, control) or seawater-containing predator chemical cues. There was no effect of CO2 treatment on routine activity levels before or after the injections. All fish decreased their swimming activity following the predator cue injection but not following the sham injection, regardless of CO2 treatment. Our results corroborate findings from a growing number of studies reporting limited or no behavioral responses of fishes to elevated CO2. Significance statement Alarmingly, it has been reported that levels of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) forecasted for the year 2100 cause coral reef fishes to be attracted to the chemical cues of predators. However, most studies have exposed the fish to CO2 for very short periods before behavioral testing. Using long-term acclimation to elevated CO2 and automated tracking software, we found that fish exposed to elevated CO2 showed the same behavioral patterns as control fish exposed to present-day CO2 levels. Specifically, activity levels were the same between groups, and fish acclimated to elevated CO2 decreased their swimming activity to the same degree as control fish when presented with cues from a predator. These findings indicate that behavioral impacts of elevated CO2 levels are not universal in coral reef fishes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00265-017-2337-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Sundin
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mirjam Amcoff
- Department of Zoology/Functional Zoomorphology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX USA
| | - Fernando Mateos-González
- Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX USA.,Department of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Graham D Raby
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland Australia.,Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario Canada
| | - Fredrik Jutfelt
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Timothy D Clark
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland Australia.,University of Tasmania and CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Hobart, Tasmania Australia
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12
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Kingsford MJ, O'Callaghan MD, Liggins L, Gerlach G. The short-lived neon damsel Pomacentrus coelestis: implications for population dynamics. J Fish Biol 2017; 90:2041-2059. [PMID: 28299778 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Daily increments of Pomacentrus coelestis, an abundant and well-studied fish, were validated for the life of the fish and depending on the location, age-maxima were estimated to be 127-160 days on reefs separated by tens to hundreds of kilometres on the Great Barrier Reef. This contrasts with congeners and other damselfishes that live for 5 years or more. Otoliths of P. coelestis were thinner and had different patterns of banding when compared with relatively long-lived congeners. It is suggested that banding patterns in P. coelestis may be related to patterns of maturation and spawning. The consequences of a short life would have a great influence on the population dynamics of this widespread species. Further, the demographics and habitat preferences of this species suggest rapid colonization and establishment of breeding populations that would quickly change the relative abundance of sympatric fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Kingsford
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - M D O'Callaghan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - L Liggins
- Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, 0745, New Zealand
- The Auckland War Memorial Museum, Tāmaki Paenga Hira, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - G Gerlach
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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13
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Bertrand JAM, Borsa P, Chen WJ. Phylogeography of the sergeants Abudefduf sexfasciatus and A. vaigiensis reveals complex introgression patterns between two widespread and sympatric Indo-West Pacific reef fishes. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:2527-2542. [PMID: 28160340 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
On evolutionary timescales, sea level oscillations lead to recurrent spatio-temporal variation in species distribution and population connectivity. In this situation, applying classical concepts of biogeography is challenging yet necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying biodiversity in highly diverse marine ecosystems such as coral reefs. We aimed at studying the outcomes of such complex biogeographic dynamics on reproductive isolation by sampling populations across a wide spatial range of a species-rich fish genus: the sergeants (Pomacentridae: Abudefduf). We generated a mutlilocus data set that included ten morpho-species from 32 Indo-West Pacific localities. We observed a pattern of mito-nuclear discordance in two common and widely distributed species: Abudefduf sexfasciatus and Abudefduf vaigiensis. The results showed three regional sublineages (Indian Ocean, Coral Triangle region, western Pacific) in A. sexfasciatus (0.6-1.5% divergence at cytb). The other species, A. vaigiensis, is polyphyletic and consists of three distinct genetic lineages (A, B and C) (9% divergence at cytb) whose geographic ranges overlap. Although A. vaigiensis A and A. sexfasciatus were found to be distinct based on nuclear information, A. vaigiensis A was found to be nested within A. sexfasciatus in the mitochondrial gene tree. A. sexfasciatus from the Coral Triangle region and A. vaigiensis A were not differentiated from each other at the mitochondrial locus. We then used coalescent-based simulation to characterize a spatially widespread but weak gene flow between the two species. We showed that these fishes are good candidates to investigate the evolutionary complexity of the discrepancies between phenotypic and genetic similarity in closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris A M Bertrand
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, N°1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Philippe Borsa
- Institut de recherche pour le développement, UMR 250 'Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien', 101 promenade Roger-Laroque Anse Vata, BP A5, 98848 Nouméa cedex, New Caledonia
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, N°1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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14
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Rummer JL, Couturier CS, Stecyk JAW, Gardiner NM, Kinch JP, Nilsson GE, Munday PL. Life on the edge: thermal optima for aerobic scope of equatorial reef fishes are close to current day temperatures. Glob Chang Biol 2014; 20:1055-66. [PMID: 24281840 PMCID: PMC4677772 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Equatorial populations of marine species are predicted to be most impacted by global warming because they could be adapted to a narrow range of temperatures in their local environment. We investigated the thermal range at which aerobic metabolic performance is optimum in equatorial populations of coral reef fish in northern Papua New Guinea. Four species of damselfishes and two species of cardinal fishes were held for 14 days at 29, 31, 33, and 34 °C, which incorporated their existing thermal range (29-31 °C) as well as projected increases in ocean surface temperatures of up to 3 °C by the end of this century. Resting and maximum oxygen consumption rates were measured for each species at each temperature and used to calculate the thermal reaction norm of aerobic scope. Our results indicate that one of the six species, Chromis atripectoralis, is already living above its thermal optimum of 29 °C. The other five species appeared to be living close to their thermal optima (ca. 31 °C). Aerobic scope was significantly reduced in all species, and approached zero for two species at 3 °C above current-day temperatures. One species was unable to survive even short-term exposure to 34 °C. Our results indicate that low-latitude reef fish populations are living close to their thermal optima and may be more sensitive to ocean warming than higher-latitude populations. Even relatively small temperature increases (2-3 °C) could result in population declines and potentially redistribution of equatorial species to higher latitudes if adaptation cannot keep pace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie L Rummer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Qld, Australia
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Hubert N, Paradis E, Bruggemann H, Planes S. Community assembly and diversification in Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes. Ecol Evol 2011; 1:229-77. [PMID: 22393499 PMCID: PMC3287318 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Theories of species coexistence have played a central role in ecology and evolutionary studies of the origin and maintenance of biodiversity in highly diverse communities. The concept of niche and associated theories predict that competition for available ecological space leads to a ceiling in species richness that influences further diversification patterns. By contrast, the neutral theory supports that speciation is stochastic and diversity independent. We examined the phylogenetic community structure and diversification rates in three families and 14 sites within coral reef fish communities from the Indian and Pacific oceans. Using the phylogenetic relationships among 157 species estimated with 2300 bp of mitochondrial DNA, we tested predictions in terms of species coexistence from the neutral and niche theories. At the regional scale, our findings suggest that phylogenetic community structure shifts during community assembly to a pattern of dispersion as a consequence of allopatric speciation in recent times but overall, variations in diversification rates did not relate with sea level changes. At the local scale, the phylogenetic community structure is consistent with a neutral model of community assembly since no departure from a random sorting of species was observed. The present results support a neutral model of community assembly as a consequence of the stochastic and unpredictable nature of coral reefs favoring generalist and sedentary species competing for living space rather than trophic resources. As a consequence, the observed decrease in diversification rates may be seen as the result of a limited supply of living space as expected in a finite island model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Hubert
- Laboratoire ECOMAR, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion15 Avenue René Cassin, BP 7151, 97715 Saint-Denis Cedex 9, Réunion, France
- USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE, CRIOBE–CBETM, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Paradis
- Institut de Recherche pour le DéveloppementUR226—ISE-M, 361 rue Jean-François Breton, BP 5095, 34196 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Henrich Bruggemann
- Laboratoire ECOMAR, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion15 Avenue René Cassin, BP 7151, 97715 Saint-Denis Cedex 9, Réunion, France
| | - Serge Planes
- USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE, CRIOBE–CBETM, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan cedex, France
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