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Dan D, Tao Y, Yixiang D, Fuhong S, Jian Z, Chengda H. Acid deposition induced base cation loss and different responses of soils and sediments in Taihu Lake watershed, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:149-158. [PMID: 30928714 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Acid deposition and algae blooms have resulted in great changes in the water chemistry of Taihu Lake; however, there have been few calculated results to describe these processes. Here we used a mass balance model to estimate base cation losses and evaluate the model applicability in this intensively human-impacted watershed based on a long-term database (1985-2015). The results showed that carbonate weathering induced Ca2+ and Mg2+ losses in the watershed were responsible for the increased ion net reaction (INR) of Ca2+and Mg2+ in the lake. While the increase of K+ and Na+ were not appropriate to provide independents check on the mass balance model because they generally entered the lake as human discharges, not reflecting change of the geochemical process in the watershed as the watershed dominant bedrock is carbonate but not silicate. Acid deposition in Taihu region caused decrease in pH, lime potential, and different Ca, Mg species of surface soils. Our field measurements of sediments in the two lake parts showed that the sediment lime potential was significantly higher in the algae dominated lake area than in the hydrophyte-dominated area due to the in-lake alkalinization by algae blooms, indicating that algae blooms played a significant role in the acidification resistance. Meanwhile, the measured lime potential of the watershed soils was lower than that of the sediment, implying a potential risk of acidification in the watershed. This research helps understand the accelerated interactions between human activities and natural geochemical processes and accelerated water chemistry change at the watershed level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yu Tao
- College of Environmental Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225217, China.
| | - Deng Yixiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Sun Fuhong
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - He Chengda
- College of Environmental Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225217, China
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Yu T, Xu Q, He C, Cong H, Dai D, Wu F, Meng W. Long-Term Trends in Acid Neutralizing Capacity under Increasing Acidic Deposition: A Special Example of Eutrophic Taihu Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:12660-12668. [PMID: 27934262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
While North America and Europe have been recovering from acidification, China is experiencing impacts of acid deposition. The Taihu region is a seriously impacted area by acid rain in China, with the average rainfall pH < 5. However, the acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) and pH of Taihu Lake have significantly increased over the past 60 years (p < 0.05). Analyses showed that watershed neutralization by carbonates and in-lake alkalinization by algae activities were the two major reactions responsible for the increase. In the Taihu basin, the dominant carbonate bedrocks are the major source of base cations (particularly Ca2+ and Mg2+) and act as the acidification buffer. In addition, our field measurements across the lake showed that the pH values were significantly higher in algal bloom waters than in areas without blooms. This observation was further supported by our statistical analysis showing that the Taihu ANC and pH were significantly correlated with the chlorophyll increase (p < 0.05; 1985-2015). However, our regression analysis indicated that the base cations in the watershed would be depleted by the early 2040s if the acid deposition continues at the current rate. Our results suggest that interactions between human accelerated weathering, watershed geochemistry, and in-lake algae activities significantly impact the water chemistry of the lake. We urgently recommend an "integrated and balanced" recovery plan for the lake ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Technology, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225217, China
| | - Qiujin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing 100012, China
| | - Chengda He
- College of Environmental Science and Technology, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225217, China
| | - Haibing Cong
- College of Environmental Science and Technology, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225217, China
| | - Dan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing 100012, China
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Kelly JT, Lerner DT, O'Dea MF, Regish AM, Monette MY, Hawkes JP, Nislow KH, McCormick SD. Evidence for episodic acidification effects on migrating Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 87:1129-1146. [PMID: 26399385 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Field studies were conducted to determine levels of gill aluminium as an index of acidification effects on migrating Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts in the north-eastern U.S.A. along mainstem river migration corridors in several major river basins. Smolts emigrating from the Connecticut River, where most (but not all) tributaries were well buffered, had low or undetectable levels of gill aluminium and high gill Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase (NKA) activity. In contrast, smolts emigrating from the upper Merrimack River basin where most tributaries are characterized by low pH and high inorganic aluminium had consistently elevated gill aluminium and lower gill NKA activity, which may explain the low adult return rates of S. salar stocked into the upper Merrimack catchment. In the Sheepscot, Narraguagus and Penobscot Rivers in Maine, river and year-specific effects on gill aluminium were detected that appeared to be driven by underlying geology and high spring discharge. The results indicate that episodic acidification is affecting S. salar smolts in poorly buffered streams in New England and may help explain variation in S. salar survival and abundance among rivers and among years, with implications for the conservation and recovery of S. salar in the north-eastern U.S.A. These results suggest that the physiological condition of outmigrating smolts may serve as a large-scale sentinel of landscape-level recovery of atmospheric pollution in this and other parts of the North Atlantic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Kelly
- USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, One Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA, 01376, U.S.A
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, U.S.A
| | - D T Lerner
- USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, One Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA, 01376, U.S.A
- Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, 611 N. Pleasant St, Amherst, MA, 01003, U.S.A
| | - M F O'Dea
- USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, One Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA, 01376, U.S.A
| | - A M Regish
- USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, One Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA, 01376, U.S.A
| | - M Y Monette
- USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, One Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA, 01376, U.S.A
- Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, 611 N. Pleasant St, Amherst, MA, 01003, U.S.A
| | - J P Hawkes
- National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Maine Field Station, 17 Godfrey Drive-Suite 1, Orono, ME, 04473, U.S.A
| | - K H Nislow
- USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, One Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA, 01376, U.S.A
- Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, 611 N. Pleasant St, Amherst, MA, 01003, U.S.A
- U.S. Forest Service, Res. Unit NE-4251, 201 Holdsworth NRC, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, U.S.A
| | - S D McCormick
- USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, One Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA, 01376, U.S.A
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, U.S.A
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Kaushal SS, Likens GE, Utz RM, Pace ML, Grese M, Yepsen M. Increased river alkalinization in the Eastern U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:10302-11. [PMID: 23883395 DOI: 10.1021/es401046s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between human activities and watershed geology is accelerating long-term changes in the carbon cycle of rivers. We evaluated changes in bicarbonate alkalinity, a product of chemical weathering, and tested for long-term trends at 97 sites in the eastern United States draining over 260,000 km(2). We observed statistically significant increasing trends in alkalinity at 62 of the 97 sites, while remaining sites exhibited no significant decreasing trends. Over 50% of study sites also had statistically significant increasing trends in concentrations of calcium (another product of chemical weathering) where data were available. River alkalinization rates were significantly related to watershed carbonate lithology, acid deposition, and topography. These three variables explained ~40% of variation in river alkalinization rates. The strongest predictor of river alkalinization rates was carbonate lithology. The most rapid rates of river alkalinization occurred at sites with highest inputs of acid deposition and highest elevation. The rise of alkalinity in many rivers throughout the Eastern U.S. suggests human-accelerated chemical weathering, in addition to previously documented impacts of mining and land use. Increased river alkalinization has major environmental implications including impacts on water hardness and salinization of drinking water, alterations of air-water exchange of CO2, coastal ocean acidification, and the influence of bicarbonate availability on primary production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujay S Kaushal
- College Park Department of Geology and Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
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Grassie C, Braithwaite VA, Nilsson J, Nilsen TO, Teien HC, Handeland SO, Stefansson SO, Tronci V, Gorissen M, Flik G, Ebbesson LOE. Aluminum exposure impacts brain plasticity and behavior in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). J Exp Biol 2013; 216:3148-55. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.083550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Aluminum (Al) toxicity occurs frequently in natural aquatic ecosystems as a result of acid deposition and natural weathering processes. Detrimental effects of Al toxicity on aquatic organisms are well known and can have consequences for survival. Fish exposed to Al in low pH waters will experience physiological and neuroendocrine changes that disrupt homeostasis and alter behavior. To investigate the effects of Al exposure to both brain and behavior, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) kept in water treated with Al (pH 5.7, 0.37±0.04 µmol 1-1 of Al) for 2 weeks were compared to fish kept in a control condition (pH 6.7, <0.04 µmol 1-1 of Al). Fish exposed to Al and acidic conditions had increased Al accumulation in the gills and decreased gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity, which impaired osmoreguatory capacity and caused physiological stress, indicated by elevated plasma cortisol and glucose levels. Here we show for the first time that exposure to Al in acidic conditions also impaired learning performance in a maze task. Al toxicity reduced the expression of NeuroD1 transcript levels in the forebrain of exposed fish. As in mammals, these data show that exposure to chronic stress, such as acidified Al, can reduce neural plasticity during behavioral challenges in salmon, and may impair coping ability to new environments.
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