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Glazier DS, Gjoni V. Interactive effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on metabolic rate. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220489. [PMID: 38186280 PMCID: PMC10772614 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolism energizes all biological processes, and its tempo may importantly influence the ecological success and evolutionary fitness of organisms. Therefore, understanding the broad variation in metabolic rate that exists across the living world is a fundamental challenge in biology. To further the development of a more reliable and holistic picture of the causes of this variation, we review several examples of how various intrinsic (biological) and extrinsic (environmental) factors (including body size, cell size, activity level, temperature, predation and other diverse genetic, cellular, morphological, physiological, behavioural and ecological influences) can interactively affect metabolic rate in synergistic or antagonistic ways. Most of the interactive effects that have been documented involve body size, temperature or both, but future research may reveal additional 'hub factors'. Our review highlights the complex, intimate inter-relationships between physiology and ecology, knowledge of which can shed light on various problems in both disciplines, including variation in physiological adaptations, life histories, ecological niches and various organism-environment interactions in ecosystems. We also discuss theoretical and practical implications of interactive effects on metabolic rate and provide suggestions for future research, including holistic system analyses at various hierarchical levels of organization that focus on interactive proximate (functional) and ultimate (evolutionary) causal networks. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolutionary significance of variation in metabolic rates'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vojsava Gjoni
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57609, USA
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2
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Du X, Zhang W, He J, Zhao M, Wang J, Dong X, Fu Y, Xie X, Miao S. The Impact of Rearing Salinity on Flesh Texture, Taste, and Fatty Acid Composition in Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides. Foods 2022; 11:3261. [PMID: 37431009 PMCID: PMC9601509 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is of great significance for the aquaculture industry to determine how rearing salinity impacts fish flesh quality. In the present study, largemouth bass was cultured in different salinities (0%, 0.3%, 0.9%) for 10 weeks, and the effect on flesh texture, flavor compounds, taste, and fatty acid composition was evaluated. We show that rearing salinity not only increased flesh water-holding capacity, but also enhanced muscle hardness, chewiness, gumminess, and adhesiveness, which was consistent with the finding in the shear value test. Morphology analysis further revealed that the effect of salinity on flesh texture was probably related to changes in myofibril diameter and density. As for the taste of the flesh, water salinity improved the contents of both sweet and umami amino acids, and reduced the contents of bitter amino acid. Meanwhile, the content of IMP, the dominant flavor nucleotide in largemouth bass muscle, was significantly higher in the 0.9% group. Interestingly, electronic-tongue analysis demonstrated that the positive effect of salinity on flavor compounds enhanced the umami taste and taste richness of flesh. Moreover, rearing salinity improved the contents of C20: 5n-3 (EPA) and C22: 6n-3 (DHA) in back muscle. Therefore, rearing largemouth bass in adequate salinity may be a practical approach to improving flesh quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedi Du
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jie He
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mengjie Zhao
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianqiao Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaojing Dong
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- Department of Marine Medicines and Biological Products, Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Xudong Xie
- Zhenjiang Xinrun Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Shuyan Miao
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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3
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He K, Zhao L, Yuan Z, Canario A, Liu Q, Chen S, Guo J, Luo W, Yan H, Zhang D, Li L, Yang S. Chromosome-level genome assembly of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) using PacBio and Hi-C technologies. Sci Data 2022; 9:482. [PMID: 35933561 PMCID: PMC9357066 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) has become a cosmopolitan species due to its widespread introduction as game or domesticated fish. Here a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome of M. salmoides was produced by combining Illumina paired-end sequencing, PacBio single molecule sequencing technique (SMRT) and High-through chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) technologies. Ultimately, the genome was assembled into 844.88 Mb with a contig N50 of 15.68 Mb and scaffold N50 length of 35.77 Mb. About 99.9% assembly genome sequences (844.00 Mb) could be anchored to 23 chromosomes, and 98.03% assembly genome sequences could be ordered and directed. The genome contained 38.19% repeat sequences and 2693 noncoding RNAs. A total of 26,370 protein-coding genes from 3415 gene families were predicted, of which 97.69% were functionally annotated. The high-quality genome assembly will be a fundamental resource to study and understand how M. salmoides adapt to novel and changing environments around the world, and also be expected to contribute to the genetic breeding and other research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Liulan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Zihao Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Adelino Canario
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Qiao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Siyi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jiazhong Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Wei Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Haoxiao Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Lisen Li
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Song Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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4
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Norstog JL, McCormick SD, Kelly JT. Metabolic costs associated with seawater acclimation in a euryhaline teleost, the fourspine stickleback (Apeltes quadracus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 262:110780. [PMID: 35863659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The cost of osmoregulation in teleosts has been debated for decades, with estimates ranging from one to 30 % of routine metabolic rate. The variation in the energy budget appears to be greater for euryhaline fish due to their ability to withstand dynamic salinity levels. In this study, a time course of metabolic and physiological responses of the euryhaline fourspine stickleback (Apeltes quadracus) acclimated to freshwater (FW) and then exposed to seawater (SW) was examined. There was 18% mortality in the first 3 days following exposure to SW, with no mortalities in the FW control group. Gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity, an index of osmoregulatory capacity, increased 2.6-fold in SW fish peaking on days 7 and 14. Gill citrate synthase activity, an index of aerobic capacity, was 50-62% greater in SW than FW fish and peaked on day 7. Tissue water content was significantly lower in the SW fish on day 1 only, returning to FW levels by day 3. Routine metabolic rate was decreased within 24 h of SW exposure and was maintained slightly (8-22%) but significantly lower in SW compared to FW water controls throughout the 2-week experiment. These results indicate that elevated salinity resulted in increased SW osmoregulatory and aerobic capacity in the gill, but with a reduced whole animal metabolic rate to this euryhaline species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Norstog
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Road, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
| | - Stephen D McCormick
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376, USA; Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - John T Kelly
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Road, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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Silliman K, Zhao H, Justice M, Thongda W, Bowen B, Peatman E. Complex introgression among three diverged largemouth bass lineages. Evol Appl 2021; 14:2815-2830. [PMID: 34950231 PMCID: PMC8674896 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid zones between diverged lineages offer a unique opportunity to study evolutionary processes related to speciation. Natural and anthropogenic hybridization in the black basses (Micropterus spp.) is well documented, including an extensive intergrade zone between the widespread northern Largemouth Bass (M. salmoides) and the Florida Bass (M. floridanus). Phenotypic surveys have identified an estuarine population of Largemouth Bass (M. salmoides) in the Mobile-Tensaw Delta, with larger relative weight and smaller adult size compared to inland populations, suggesting a potential third lineage of largemouth bass. To determine the evolutionary relationships among these Mobile Delta bass populations, M. salmoides and M. floridanus, putative pure and intergrade populations of all three groups were sampled across the eastern United States. Phylogenetic analyses of 8582 nuclear SNPs derived from genotype-by-sequencing and the ND2 mitochondrial gene determined that Delta bass populations stem from a recently diverged lineage of Largemouth Bass. Using a novel quantitative pipeline, a panel of 73 diagnostic SNPs was developed for the three lineages, evaluated for accuracy, and then used to screen 881 samples from 52 sites for genetic integrity and hybridization on the Agena MassARRAY platform. These results strongly support a redrawing of native ranges for both the intergrade zone and M. floridanus, which has significant implications for current fisheries management. Furthermore, Delta bass ancestry was shown to contribute significantly to the previously described intergrade zone between northern Largemouth Bass and Florida Bass, suggesting a more complex pattern of secondary contact and introgression among these diverged Micropterus lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Silliman
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Honggang Zhao
- Department of Natural ResourcesCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Megan Justice
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Wilawan Thongda
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biology (CENTEX Shrimp)Faculty of ScienceMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC)National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA)Pathum ThaniThailand
| | - Bryant Bowen
- Georgia Department of Natural ResourcesSocial CircleGeorgiaUSA
| | - Eric Peatman
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
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Whitfield AK, Adams JB, Harrison TD, Lamberth SJ, Lemley DA, MacKay F, Van Niekerk L, Weyl OLF. Possible impacts of non-native plant, pathogen, invertebrate and fish taxa on the indigenous ichthyofauna in South African estuaries: a preliminary review. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Bi B, Gao Y, Jia D, Kong L, Su Y, Rong H, Wu X, Wang X, Hu Z, Hu Q. Growth influence of juvenile golden trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in different osmotic conditions: implications for tissue histology, biochemical indicators, and genes transcription involved in GH/IGF system. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:583-597. [PMID: 33560477 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00933-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of different salinity levels on tissue histology, blood biochemistry, and genes transcription of the GH/IGF system in juvenile golden trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Five experimental salinity levels (0, 8, 16, 24, and 32‰) were selected to domesticate juvenile O. mykiss for 7 days. Histological characteristics changed with salinity, including higher ionocites area and epithelium thickness in gills, narrow lumen of collecting tubules in kidneys, and high numbers of goblet cells in the intestines. Similarly, increments in slits, degenerate hepatocytes, and individualization of hepatocytes have been shown in fish reared in the 32‰ salinity group. The lowest triglyceride (TG) and the highest level of total protein (TP) were detected in fish reared at the 32‰ group. The genes transcription of the GH/IGF system altered in response to the increase of salinity. The present results add to the understanding of the physiological responses of O. mykiss on salinity stress and would be helpful in formulating strategies to optimize the aquaculture of this species in environments with fluctuating patterns of salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoliang Bi
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Plateau Aquacultural College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Plateau Aquacultural College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Dan Jia
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Plateau Aquacultural College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Lingfu Kong
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Plateau Aquacultural College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Yanhua Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Hua Rong
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Plateau Aquacultural College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Plateau Aquacultural College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Plateau Aquacultural College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Zhuoyong Hu
- Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Yunnan, 666100, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Plateau Aquacultural College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, China.
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8
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Glazier DS, Gring JP, Holsopple JR, Gjoni V. Temperature effects on metabolic scaling of a keystone freshwater crustacean depend on fish-predation regime. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb232322. [PMID: 33037112 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.232322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
According to the metabolic theory of ecology, metabolic rate, an important indicator of the pace of life, varies with body mass and temperature as a result of internal physical constraints. However, various ecological factors may also affect metabolic rate and its scaling with body mass. Although reports of such effects on metabolic scaling usually focus on single factors, the possibility of significant interactive effects between multiple factors requires further study. In this study, we show that the effect of temperature on the ontogenetic scaling of resting metabolic rate of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus minus depends critically on habitat differences in predation regime. Increasing temperature tends to cause decreases in the metabolic scaling exponent (slope) in population samples from springs with fish predators, but increases in population samples from springs without fish. Accordingly, the temperature sensitivity of metabolic rate is not only size-specific, but also its relationship to body size shifts dramatically in response to fish predators. We hypothesize that the dampened effect of temperature on the metabolic rate of large adults in springs with fish, and of small juveniles in springs without fish are adaptive evolutionary responses to differences in the relative mortality risk of adults and juveniles in springs with versus without fish predators. Our results demonstrate a complex interaction among metabolic rate, body mass, temperature and predation regime. The intraspecific scaling of metabolic rate with body mass and temperature is not merely the result of physical constraints related to internal body design and biochemical kinetics, but rather is ecologically sensitive and evolutionarily malleable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S Glazier
- Department of Biology, Juniata College, 1700 Moore Street, Huntingdon, PA 16652, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Gring
- Department of Biology, Juniata College, 1700 Moore Street, Huntingdon, PA 16652, USA
- Coastal Resources, Inc., Annapolis, MD 21401, USA
| | - Jacob R Holsopple
- Department of Biology, Juniata College, 1700 Moore Street, Huntingdon, PA 16652, USA
| | - Vojsava Gjoni
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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9
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Sun C, Li J, Dong J, Niu Y, Hu J, Lian J, Li W, Li J, Tian Y, Shi Q, Ye X. Chromosome-level genome assembly for the largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides provides insights into adaptation to fresh and brackish water. Mol Ecol Resour 2020; 21:301-315. [PMID: 32985096 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Largemouth bass (LMB; Micropterus salmoides) has been an economically important fish in North America, Europe, and China. This study obtained a chromosome-level genome assembly of LMB using PacBio and Hi-C sequencing. The final assembled genome is 964 Mb, with contig N50 and scaffold N50 values of 1.23 Mb and 36.48 Mb, respectively. Combining with RNA sequencing data, we annotated a total of 23,701 genes. Chromosomal assembly and syntenic analysis proved that, unlike most Perciformes with the popular haploid chromosome number of 24, LMB has only 23 chromosomes (Chr), among which the Chr1 seems to be resulted from a chromosomal fusion event. LMB is phylogenetically closely related to European seabass and spotted seabass, diverging 64.1 million years ago (mya) from the two seabass species. Eight gene families comprising 294 genes associated with ionic regulation were identified through positive selection, transcriptome and genome comparisons. These genes involved in iron facilitated diffusion (such as claudin, aquaporins, sodium channel protein and so on) and others related to ion active transport (such as sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase and sodium/calcium exchanger). The claudin gene family, which is critical for regulating cell tight junctions and osmotic homeostasis, showed a significant expansion in LMB with 27 family members and 68 copies for salinity adaptation. In summary, we reported the first high-quality LMB genome, and provided insights into the molecular mechanisms of LMB adaptation to fresh and brackish water. The chromosome-level LMB genome will also be a valuable genomic resource for in-depth biological and evolutionary studies, germplasm conservation and genetic breeding of LMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junjian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Wuhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Biozeron Shenzhen Inc., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Dobashi T, Iida M, Takemoto K. Decomposing the effects of ocean environments on predator-prey body-size relationships in food webs. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180707. [PMID: 30109114 PMCID: PMC6083727 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Body-size relationships between predators and their prey are important in ecological studies because they reflect the structure and function of food webs. Inspired by studies on the impact of global warming on food webs, the effects of temperature on body-size relationships have been widely investigated; however, the impact of environmental factors on body-size relationships has not been fully evaluated because climate warming affects various ocean environments. Thus, here, we comprehensively investigated the effects of ocean environments and predator-prey body-size relationships by integrating a large-scale dataset of predator-prey body-size relationships in marine food webs with global oceanographic data. We showed that various oceanographic parameters influence prey size selection. In particular, oxygen concentration, primary production and salinity, in addition to temperature, significantly alter body-size relationships. Furthermore, we demonstrated that variability (seasonality) of ocean environments significantly affects body-size relationships. The effects of ocean environments on body-size relationships were generally remarkable for small body sizes, but were also significant for large body sizes and were relatively weak for intermediate body sizes, in the cases of temperature seasonality, oxygen concentration and salinity variability. These findings break down the complex effects of ocean environments on body-size relationships, advancing our understanding of how ocean environments influence the structure and functioning of food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Dobashi
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Midori Iida
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takemoto
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
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11
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Mück I, Heubel KU. Ecological variation along the salinity gradient in the Baltic Sea Area and its consequences for reproduction in the common goby. Curr Zool 2018; 64:259-270. [PMID: 30402067 PMCID: PMC5905452 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoy006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it has become clear that sexual selection may shape mating systems and drive speciation, the potential constraints of environmental factors on processes and outcomes of sexual selection are largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the geographic variation of such environmental factors, more precisely the quality and quantity of nest resources (bivalve shells) along a salinity gradient in the Baltic Sea Area (Baltic Sea, Sounds and Belts, and Kattegat). We further test whether we find any salinity-associated morphological differences in body size between populations of common gobies Pomatoschistus microps, a small marine fish with a resource-based mating system. In a geographically expansive field study, we sampled 5 populations of P. microps occurring along the salinity gradient (decreasing from West to East) in the Baltic Sea Area over 3 consecutive years. Nest resource quantity and quality decreased from West to East, and a correlation between mussel size and male body size was detected. Population density, sex ratios, mating- and reproductive success as well as brood characteristics also differed between populations but with a less clear relation to salinity. With this field study we shed light on geographic variation of distinct environmental parameters possibly acting on population differentiation. We provide insights on relevant ecological variation, and draw attention to its importance in the framework of context-dependent plasticity of sexual selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Mück
- Department of Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja U Heubel
- Department of Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Zoology, Ecological Research Station Rees, University of Cologne, Grietherbusch 3a, D-46459 Rees, Germany
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, J.A. Palménin tie 260, 10900 Hanko, Finland
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12
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Lopez LK, Davis AR, Wong MYL. Behavioral interactions under multiple stressors: temperature and salinity mediate aggression between an invasive and a native fish. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Hintz WD, Relyea RA. Impacts of road deicing salts on the early-life growth and development of a stream salmonid: Salt type matters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 223:409-415. [PMID: 28131472 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of road deicing salts in regions that experience cold winters is increasing the salinity of freshwater ecosystems, which threatens freshwater resources. Yet, the impacts of environmentally relevant road salt concentrations on freshwater organisms are not well understood, particularly in stream ecosystems where salinization is most severe. We tested the impacts of deicing salts-sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), and calcium chloride (CaCl2)-on the growth and development of newly hatched rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). We exposed rainbow trout to a wide range of environmentally relevant chloride concentrations (25, 230, 860, 1500, and 3000 mg Cl- L-1) over an ecologically relevant time period (25 d). We found that the deicing salts studied had distinct effects. MgCl2 did not affect rainbow trout growth at any concentration. NaCl had no effects at the lowest three concentrations, but rainbow trout length was reduced by 9% and mass by 27% at 3000 mg Cl- L-1. CaCl2 affected rainbow trout growth at 860 mg Cl- L-1 (5% reduced length; 16% reduced mass) and these effects became larger at higher concentrations (11% reduced length; 31% reduced mass). None of the deicing salts affected rainbow trout development. At sub-lethal and environmentally relevant concentrations, our results do not support the paradigm that MgCl2 is the most toxic deicing salt to fish, perhaps due to hydration effects on the Mg2+ cation. Our results do suggest different pathways for lethal and sub-lethal effects of road salts. Scaled to the population level, the reduced growth caused by NaCl and CaCl2 at critical early-life stages has the potential to negatively affect salmonid recruitment and population dynamics. Our findings have implications for environmental policy and management strategies that aim to reduce the impacts of salinization on freshwater organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Hintz
- Darrin Fresh Water Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110, Eighth Street, Troy, NY, USA.
| | - Rick A Relyea
- Darrin Fresh Water Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110, Eighth Street, Troy, NY, USA.
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Lehtonen TK, Wong BBM, Kvarnemo C. Effects of salinity on nest-building behaviour in a marine fish. BMC Ecol 2016; 16:7. [PMID: 26928449 PMCID: PMC4772348 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-016-0067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental allocation and reproductive success are often strongly influenced by environmental factors. In this respect, salinity is a key factor influencing species distributions and community structure in aquatic animals. Nevertheless, the effects of salinity on reproductive behaviours are not well known. Here, we used the sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus), a small fish inhabiting a range of different salinities, to experimentally assess the effects of changes in salinity on nesting behaviour, a key component of reproduction in sand gobies and many other taxa. RESULTS We found that salinity levels influenced some aspects of male nesting behaviour (i.e. nest entrance size) but not others (i.e. latency to build a nest, choice of nest site, sand on top of nest) and that small and large individuals were differently affected. In particular, the importance of body size in adjustment of nest entrance depended on the salinity level. CONCLUSION The results support the prediction that geographically widespread aquatic species, such as sand gobies, are able to perform well under a range of salinity levels. The phenotype by environment interaction found between male size and behavioural responses to salinity can, in turn, help to explain the notable variation observed in nest-building (and other) behaviours closely linked to reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Topi K Lehtonen
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Charlotta Kvarnemo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Lehtonen TK, Svensson PA, Wong BBM. The influence of recent social experience and physical environment on courtship and male aggression. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:18. [PMID: 26792425 PMCID: PMC4721148 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social and environmental factors can profoundly impact an individual’s investment of resources into different components of reproduction. Such allocation trade-offs are expected to be amplified under challenging environmental conditions. To test these predictions, we used a desert-dwelling fish, the desert goby, Chlamydogobius eremius, to experimentally investigate the effects of prior social experience (with either a male or a female) on male investment in courtship and aggression under physiologically benign and challenging conditions (i.e., low versus high salinity). Results We found that males maintained a higher level of aggression towards a rival after a recent encounter with a female, compared to an encounter with a male, under low (but not high) salinity. In contrast, male investment in courtship behaviour was unaffected by either salinity or social experience. Conclusion Together, our results suggest that male investment in aggression and courtship displays can differ in their sensitivity to environmental conditions and that not all reproductive behaviours are similarly influenced by the same environmental context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Topi K Lehtonen
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 3800, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - P Andreas Svensson
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 3800, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, 39231, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 3800, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Murray TS, Magoro ML, Whitfield AK, Cowley PD. Movement behaviour of alien largemouth bassMicropterus salmoidesin the estuarine headwater region of the Kowie River, South Africa. AFRICAN ZOOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2015.1079141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Whitfield AK. Why are there so few freshwater fish species in most estuaries? JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 86:1227-1250. [PMID: 25739335 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater fish assemblage in most estuaries is not as species rich as the marine assemblage in the same systems. Coupled with this differential richness is an apparent inability by most freshwater fish species to penetrate estuarine zones that are mesohaline (salinity: 5·0-17·9), polyhaline (salinity: 18·0-29·9) or euhaline (salinity: 30·0-39·9). The reason why mesohaline waters are avoided by most freshwater fishes is difficult to explain from a physiological perspective as many of these species would be isosmotic within this salinity range. Perhaps, a key to the poor penetration of estuarine waters by freshwater taxa is an inability to develop chloride cells in gill filament epithelia, as well as a lack of other osmoregulatory adaptations present in euryhaline fishes. Only a few freshwater fish species, especially some of those belonging to the family Cichlidae, have become fully euryhaline and have successfully occupied a wide range of estuaries, sometimes even dominating in hyperhaline systems (salinity 40+). Indeed, this review found that there are few fish species that can be termed holohaline (i.e. capable of occupying waters with a salinity range of 0-100+) and, of these taxa, there is a disproportionally high number of freshwater species (e.g. Cyprinodon variegatus, Oreochromis mossambicus and Sarotherodon melanotheron). Factors such as increased competition for food and higher predation rates by piscivorous fishes and birds may also play an important role in the low species richness and abundance of freshwater taxa in estuaries. Added to this is the relatively low species richness of freshwater fishes in river catchments when compared with the normally higher diversity of marine fish species for potential estuarine colonization from the adjacent coastal waters. The almost complete absence of freshwater fish larvae from the estuarine ichthyoplankton further reinforces the poor representation of this guild within these systems. An explanation as to why more freshwater fish species have not become euryhaline and occupied a wide range of estuaries similar to their marine counterparts is probably due to a combination of the above described factors, with physiological restrictions pertaining to limited salinity tolerances probably playing the most important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Whitfield
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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Lacerda CHF, Barletta M, Dantas DV. Temporal patterns in the intertidal faunal community at the mouth of a tropical estuary. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2014; 85:1571-1602. [PMID: 25315884 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of intertidal sandy beaches by fish and macrocrustaceans was studied at different temporal scales at the mouth of a tropical estuary. Samples were taken along the lunar and diel cycles in the late dry and rainy seasons. Fish assemblage (number of species, density and biomass), crustaceans and wrack biomass, showed significant interactions among all studied factors, and the combination of moon phase and diel cycle, resulting in different patterns of environmental variables (depth, water temperature and dissolved oxygen), affected habitat use by the different species. Variances in faunal community were detected between seasons, stimulated by salinity fluctuations from freshwater input during the rainy season. These differences suggest an important cycling of habitats and an increase in connectivity between adjacent habitats (estuary and coastal waters). Moreover, the results showed that this intertidal sandy beach also provides an alternative nursery and protected shallow-water area for the initial development phase of many marine and estuarine species. In addition, this intertidal habitat plays an important role in the maintenance of the ecological functioning of the estuarine-coastal ecosystem continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H F Lacerda
- Laboratory of Ecology and Management of Coastal and Estuarine Ecosystems. Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50740-550, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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