1
|
Ren X, Xu Y, Li Y, Yao H, Fang Y, Khanal L, Cheng L, Zeng W, Jiang X, Chen Z. A new species of shrew moles, genus Uropsilus Milne-Edwards, 1871 (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Talpidae), from the Wuyi Mountains, Jiangxi Province, eastern China. Zookeys 2023; 1186:25-46. [PMID: 38107661 PMCID: PMC10724864 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1186.111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Asian shrew moles, genus Uropsilus, are the most primitive members of family Talpidae. They are distributed mainly in southwestern China and adjacent Bhutan, Myanmar, and Vietnam. In June 2022, we collected five specimens of Uropsilus from Mount Huanggang, Jiangxi Province, eastern China, which is the highest peak of the Wuyi Mountains. We sequenced two mitochondrial (CYT B and 12S rRNA) and three nuclear (PLCB4, RAG1, and RAG2) genes to estimate the phylogenetic relationship of the five shrew moles. We also compared their morphology with recognized species within the genus. Our results show that these specimens collected from Mount Huanggang differ from all named species in Uropsilus. We formally describe the species here as Uropsilushuanggangensissp. nov. Morphologically, the new species is distinguishable from the other Uropsilus species by the combination of dark chocolate-brown pelage, long snout, enlarged first upper incisor, similarly sized lacrimal and infraorbital foramens, and the curved and sickle-like coronoid process. The genetic distances of the cytochrome b (CYT B) gene between U.huanggangensis and other recognized Uropsilus species ranged between 9.3% and 16.4%. The new species is geographically distant from other species in the genus and is the easternmost record of the Uropsilus. The divergence time of U.huanggangensis was estimated to be the late Pliocene (1.92 Ma, 95% CI = 0.88-2.99).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, ChinaAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
| | - Yifan Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, ChinaAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
| | - Yixian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, ChinaKunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Hongfeng Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, ChinaAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
| | - Yi Fang
- Jiangxi Wuyi Mountain National Nature Reserve, Shangrao 334000, ChinaJiangxi Wuyi Mountain National Nature ReserveShangraoChina
| | - Laxman Khanal
- Central Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44618, NepalTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal
| | - Lin Cheng
- Jiangxi Wuyi Mountain National Nature Reserve, Shangrao 334000, ChinaJiangxi Wuyi Mountain National Nature ReserveShangraoChina
| | - Wei Zeng
- Southwest Survey and Planning Institute of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming 650216, ChinaSouthwest Survey and Planning Institute of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationKunmingChina
| | - Xuelong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, ChinaKunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Zhongzheng Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, ChinaAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, ChinaKunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hamidi K, Matin MM, Pérez MJ, Kilpatrick CW, Darvish J. Postcranial skeleton of Goodwin's brush-tailed mouse (Calomyscus elburzensis Goodwin, 1939) (Rodentia: Calomyscidae): Shape, size, function, and locomotor adaptation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 339:1059-1101. [PMID: 37698162 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Goodwin's brush-tailed mouse (Calomyscus elburzensis Goodwin, 1939) is a poorly known small rodent that occupies rocky habitats in Iran, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, and Syria. Herein, a detailed description of the shape, size, and function of the postcranial skeleton of this species is presented for the first time. Trapping was carried out in eastern Iran between the years 2013 and 2015. Skeletal parts of 24 adult male specimens were removed using the papain digestion protocol, and several postcranial morphological characteristics and measurements were examined. We attempted to achieve a morpho-functional characterization of Goodwin's brush-tailed mouse and to match morphological specializations with previous information on the ecology, behavior, and phylogenetic inferences of this rodent. Goodwin's brush-tailed mouse has extended transverse processes and long zygapophyses in the first five caudal vertebrae along with a good innervation of the caudal vertebrae, which has resulted in a well-developed basal musculature of the tail. It has extended forelimb, long ilium, and short post-acetabular part of the innominate bone, loose hip joint with high degree of lateral movement of the hindlimb, and long distal elements of the hindlimb. These features have resulted in fast terrestrial movements in open microhabitats, including climbing and jumping. Although superficial scratching of the ground is observed, the species is incapable of digging burrows. Evaluation of postcranial morphological characteristics and character states further indicated the basal radiation of the genus Calomyscus among other Muroidea. Findings constitute a source of information for morpho-functional and phylogenetic comparisons between Calomyscidae and other mouse-like muroids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kordiyeh Hamidi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M Julieta Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Biodiversidad Argentina (PIDBA) y Programa de Conservación de los Murciélagos de Argentina (PCMA), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - Jamshid Darvish
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Research Group of Rodentology, Institute of Applied Zoology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiménez R, Burgos M, Barrionuevo FJ. The Biology and Evolution of Fierce Females (Moles and Hyenas). Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2023; 11:141-162. [PMID: 36130099 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-050622-043424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Talpid moles and spotted hyenas have become the paradigms of anatomical and behavioral female masculinization. Females of many mole species develop ovotestes that produce testosterone, show external genitalia that resemble that of males, and close their vaginal orifice after every estrus, and female spotted hyenas lack an external vaginal orifice and develop a pseudoscrotum and a large pseudopenis through which they urinate, mate, and give birth. We review current knowledge about several significant aspects of the biology and evolution of these females, including (a) their specific study methods; (b) their unique anatomical features, and how these peculiarities influence certain physiological functions; and (c) the role that steroid hormones as well as genetic and environmental factors may have in urogenital system development, aggressive behavior, and social dominance. Nevertheless, both mole and hyena females are exceptionally efficient mothers, so their peculiar genitalia should not call into question their femininity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Jiménez
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biotechnology, and Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain; , ,
| | - Miguel Burgos
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biotechnology, and Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain; , ,
| | - Francisco J Barrionuevo
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biotechnology, and Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain; , ,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Comparison and Phylogenetic Analysis of Mitochondrial Genomes of Talpidae Animals. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020186. [PMID: 36670726 PMCID: PMC9854984 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Talpidae is a model group for evolutionary studies due to their highly specialized morphologies and diverse lifestyles. Mitochondrial genomes are molecular markers commonly used in species evolution and phylogenetic studies. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Scaptochirus moschatus was obtained by Illumina NovaSeq sequencing. The complete mitochondrial genomes of 14 Talpidae species (including Scaptochirus moschatus obtained in the present study) and the cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene sequences of 48 Talpidae species were downloaded from the NCBI database for comparison and phylogenetic studies to analyze the phylogenetic relationships and to find the possible reasons of the niche differentiation and ecotype specialization of Talpidae animals. The results showed that the mitochondrial genome sequences of 14 species belonging to the family Talpidae were 16,528 to 16,962 bp, all containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA, two rRNA, and a non-coding region (control region). The difference in the number of repetitive repeats in the control region is responsible for the difference in the length of Talpidae mitochondrial genome sequences. Combining the divergence time of Talpidae animals with the geological history, it is found that the niche differentiation and ecotype divergence of Talpidae is closely related to historically global climate changes. Semi-aquatic groups diverged in the early Oligocene (about 31.22 MYA), probably in response to the global climate transition from warm to cool. During the early Miocene (about 19.54 MYA), some species of Talpidae moved to underground habitats and formed fossorial groups that were adept at digging due to the effects of the glaciation. In the middle Miocene (about 16.23 MYA), some Talpidae animals returned to the ground and formed semi-fossorial shrew moles as global climate warming again.
Collapse
|
5
|
Sansalone G, Paolo C, Riccardo C, Stephen W, Silvia C, Pasquale R. Trapped in the morphospace: The relationship between morphological integration and functional performance. Evolution 2022; 76:2020-2031. [PMID: 35864587 PMCID: PMC9542761 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of complex morphological structures can be characterized by the interplay between different anatomical regions evolving under functional integration in response to shared selective pressures. Using the highly derived humeral morphology of talpid moles as a model, here we test whether functional performance is linked to increased levels of evolutionary integration between humerus subunits and, if so, what the strength is of the relationship. Combining two-dimensional geometric morphometrics, phylogenetic comparative methods, and functional landscape modeling, we demonstrate that the high biomechanical performance of subterranean moles' humeri is coupled with elevated levels of integration, whereas taxa with low-performance values show intermediate or low integration. Theoretical morphs occurring in high-performance areas of the functional landscape are not occupied by any species, and show a marked drop in covariation levels, suggesting the existence of a strong relationship between integration and performance in the evolution of talpid moles' humeri. We argue that the relative temporal invariance of the subterranean environment may have contributed to stabilize humeral morphology, trapping subterranean moles in a narrow region of the landscape and impeding any attempt to reposition on a new ascending slope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Sansalone
- Function, Evolution and Anatomy Research Lab, Zoology Division, School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia,Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM)National Research CouncilMessina98122Italy
| | - Colangelo Paolo
- Research Institute on Terrestrial EcosystemsNational Research CouncilMontelibretti00015Italy
| | - Castiglia Riccardo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin,”“La Sapienza” University of RomeRoma00161Italy
| | - Wroe Stephen
- Function, Evolution and Anatomy Research Lab, Zoology Division, School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia
| | - Castiglione Silvia
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and ResourcesUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IINaples80138Italy
| | - Raia Pasquale
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and ResourcesUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IINaples80138Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
He K, Eastman TG, Czolacz H, Li S, Shinohara A, Kawada SI, Springer MS, Berenbrink M, Campbell KL. Myoglobin primary structure reveals multiple convergent transitions to semi-aquatic life in the world's smallest mammalian divers. eLife 2021; 10:e66797. [PMID: 33949308 PMCID: PMC8205494 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The speciose mammalian order Eulipotyphla (moles, shrews, hedgehogs, solenodons) combines an unusual diversity of semi-aquatic, semi-fossorial, and fossorial forms that arose from terrestrial forbearers. However, our understanding of the ecomorphological pathways leading to these lifestyles has been confounded by a fragmentary fossil record, unresolved phylogenetic relationships, and potential morphological convergence, calling for novel approaches. The net surface charge of the oxygen-storing muscle protein myoglobin (ZMb), which can be readily determined from its primary structure, provides an objective target to address this question due to mechanistic linkages with myoglobin concentration. Here, we generate a comprehensive 71 species molecular phylogeny that resolves previously intractable intra-family relationships and then ancestrally reconstruct ZMb evolution to identify ancient lifestyle transitions based on protein sequence alone. Our phylogenetically informed analyses confidently resolve fossorial habits having evolved twice in talpid moles and reveal five independent secondary aquatic transitions in the order housing the world's smallest endothermic divers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai He
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Triston G Eastman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - Hannah Czolacz
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Shuhao Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - Akio Shinohara
- Department of Bio-resources, Division of Biotechnology, Frontier Science Research Center, University of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
| | - Shin-ichiro Kawada
- Department of Zoology, Division of Vertebrates, National Museum of Nature and ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Mark S Springer
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, University of California, RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Michael Berenbrink
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Kevin L Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xie F, Chen D, Qin B, Fu C, Chen S. The complete mitochondrial genome of white-tailed mole ( Parascaptor leucura). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:1112-1113. [PMID: 33796757 PMCID: PMC7995813 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1899871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The white-tailed mole (Parascaptor leucura) belongs to genus Parascaptor, which is a monotypic genus distributed across Southwestern China, Assam (India), Bengal, and Northern Burma, and Laos. In this study, we obtained the complete mitochondrial genome of Parascaptor leucura. The genome is total 16,875 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNA), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA), and two non-coding regions, with a base composition of 33.5% A, 26.4% T, 25.7% C, and 14.3% G. The nucleotide sequence data of 13 protein-coding genes of P. leucura and other nine Eulipotyphla species were used to reconstruct a Bayesian phylogenetic tree. The tree shows that P. leucura belongs to subfamily Talpinae and is closely related to Scaptochirus moschatus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, PRChina
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, PRChina
| | - Boxin Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, PRChina
| | - Changkun Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, PRChina
| | - Shunde Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, PRChina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen ZZ, He SW, Hu WH, Song WY, Onditi KO, Li XY, Jiang XL. Morphology and phylogeny of scalopine moles (Eulipotyphla: Talpidae: Scalopini) from the eastern Himalayas, with descriptions of a new genus and species. Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
All scalopine moles are found in North America, except the Gansu mole (Scapanulus oweni), which is endemic to central-west China. In 2019, we collected two specimens of Scalopini on Mt Namjagbarwa in the eastern Himalayas, Tibet, China. We sequenced two mitochondrial (CYT B and 12S) and three nuclear (APOB, BRCA1 and RAG2) genes to estimate the phylogenetic relationships of the two moles, and also compared their morphology with other genera and species within the Scalopini. Both morphological and molecular analyses strongly suggest that the specimens represent a new monotypic genus and species, which are formally described here as Alpiscaptulus medogensis gen. et sp. nov. The dental formula of the new mole (44 teeth) is distinct from the Chinese Scapanulus oweni (36 teeth) and its hairy and pale brown tail is unique among species of the Scalopini. The Kimura-2-parameter (K2P) distances of CYT B between A. medogensis and the four recognized Scalopini genera range from 14.5% to 18.9%. A sister relationship between A. medogensis and Scapanulus oweni was strongly supported in the phylogenetic trees. The divergence between A. medogensis and Scapanulus oweni occurred in the mid-Miocene (c. 11.56 Mya), which corresponds with the rapid uplift of the Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Zheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Shui-Wang He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen-Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Wen-Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kenneth O Onditi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xue-You Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xue-Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hamidi K, Darvish J, Behnam-Rassouli M. The Role of Postcranial Skeleton Morphology in Species Identification and Phylogeny Inferences: Gerbillinae (Rodentia: Muridae) as a Case Study. MAMMAL STUDY 2020. [DOI: 10.3106/ms2019-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kordiyeh Hamidi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jamshid Darvish
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sansalone G, Colangelo P, Loy A, Raia P, Wroe S, Piras P. Impact of transition to a subterranean lifestyle on morphological disparity and integration in talpid moles (Mammalia, Talpidae). BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:179. [PMID: 31510915 PMCID: PMC6739959 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the mechanisms promoting or constraining morphological diversification within clades is a central topic in evolutionary biology. Ecological transitions are of particular interest because of their influence upon the selective forces and factors involved in phenotypic evolution. Here we focused on the humerus and mandibles of talpid moles to test whether the transition to the subterranean lifestyle impacted morphological disparity and phenotypic traits covariation between these two structures. RESULTS Our results indicate non-subterranean species occupy a significantly larger portion of the talpid moles morphospace. However, there is no difference between subterranean and non-subterranean moles in terms of the strength and direction of phenotypic integration. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that the transition to a subterranean lifestyle significantly reduced morphological variability in talpid moles. However, this reduced disparity was not accompanied by changes in the pattern of traits covariation between the humerus and the mandible, suggesting the presence of strong phylogenetic conservatism within this pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Sansalone
- Form, Evolution and Anatomy Research Laboratory, Zoology, School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351 Australia
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Largo San Leonardo Murialdo 1, I-00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Colangelo
- National Research Council, Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - Anna Loy
- Environmetrics Lab, Dipartimento STAT, Università del Molise, I-86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Pasquale Raia
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, L.go San Marcellino 10, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Stephen Wroe
- Form, Evolution and Anatomy Research Laboratory, Zoology, School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351 Australia
| | - Paolo Piras
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari,Respiratorie, Nefrologiche, Anestesiologiche e Geriatriche, “Sapienza”, Università di Roma, Via del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Strutturale e Geotecnica, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00100 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lin YF, Konow N, Dumont ER. How moles destroy your lawn: the forelimb kinematics of eastern moles in loose and compact substrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.182436. [PMID: 30718373 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.182436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between morphological specialization and kinematic flexibility is important for organisms that move between habitats within different substrates. Burrowing is energetically expensive and requires substantial interaction with soil to dislodge and transport it. True moles (Talpidae) have extraordinary forelimb morphologies and a unique ability to dig in loose as well as compact soils, yet we know little of how moles coordinate their forelimb joint kinematics when digging in soils of different compactness. Using marker-based X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology (XROMM), we tested the hypothesis that moles burrow using different forelimb kinematics in loose and compact substrates. We predicted that moles raise mounds of loose soil by performing powerful compacting strokes mainly with long-axis rotation of the humerus (i.e. pronation/supination), but shear compact soil away by performing scratching strokes involving amplified elbow extension, similar to most scratching diggers. We also predicted that in both types of substrate, moles displace soil rearward like other mammalian diggers. Our results support our hypothesis but not the predictions. Eastern moles (Scalopus aquaticus) move substrates upward using compacting strokes in loose substrates and outward from the body midline using scratching strokes in compact substrates; unlike the digging strokes of most mammalian forelimb diggers, the power-stroke of moles itself does not displace substrates directly rearward. Compacting and scratching strokes involve similar ranges of humeral pronation and retraction at the scapulohumeral (shoulder) joint, yet the movements at the elbow and carpal joints differ. Our results demonstrate that the combination of stereotypic movements of the shoulder joint, where the largest digging muscles are located, and flexibility in the elbow and carpal joints makes moles extremely effective diggers in both loose and compact substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fen Lin
- Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Nicolai Konow
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01852, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Dumont
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95340, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Percival CJ, Green R, Roseman CC, Gatti DM, Morgan JL, Murray SA, Donahue LR, Mayeux JM, Pollard KM, Hua K, Pomp D, Marcucio R, Hallgrímsson B. Developmental constraint through negative pleiotropy in the zygomatic arch. EvoDevo 2018; 9:3. [PMID: 29423138 PMCID: PMC5787316 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-018-0092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous analysis suggested that the relative contribution of individual bones to regional skull lengths differ between inbred mouse strains. If the negative correlation of adjacent bone lengths is associated with genetic variation in a heterogeneous population, it would be an example of negative pleiotropy, which occurs when a genetic factor leads to opposite effects in two phenotypes. Confirming negative pleiotropy and determining its basis may reveal important information about the maintenance of overall skull integration and developmental constraint on skull morphology. RESULTS We identified negative correlations between the lengths of the frontal and parietal bones in the midline cranial vault as well as the zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of the maxilla, which contribute to the zygomatic arch. Through gene association mapping of a large heterogeneous population of Diversity Outbred (DO) mice, we identified a quantitative trait locus on chromosome 17 driving the antagonistic contribution of these two zygomatic arch bones to total zygomatic arch length. Candidate genes in this region were identified and real-time PCR of the maxillary processes of DO founder strain embryos indicated differences in the RNA expression levels for two of the candidate genes, Camkmt and Six2. CONCLUSIONS A genomic region underlying negative pleiotropy of two zygomatic arch bones was identified, which provides a mechanism for antagonism in component bone lengths while constraining overall zygomatic arch length. This type of mechanism may have led to variation in the contribution of individual bones to the zygomatic arch noted across mammals. Given that similar genetic and developmental mechanisms may underlie negative correlations in other parts of the skull, these results provide an important step toward understanding the developmental basis of evolutionary variation and constraint in skull morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Green
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Institute for Child and Maternal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
- The McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Charles C. Roseman
- Program in Ecology Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jessica M. Mayeux
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - K. Michael Pollard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Kunjie Hua
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Daniel Pomp
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Ralph Marcucio
- The Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Benedikt Hallgrímsson
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Institute for Child and Maternal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
- The McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Koyabu D, Hosojima M, Endo H. Into the dark: patterns of middle ear adaptations in subterranean eulipotyphlan mammals. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170608. [PMID: 28989763 PMCID: PMC5627103 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Evolution of the middle ear ossicles was a key innovation for mammals, enhancing the transmission of airborne sound. Radiation into various habitats from a terrestrial environment resulted in diversification of the auditory mechanisms among mammals. However, due to the paucity of phylogenetically controlled investigations, how middle ear traits have diversified with functional specialization remains unclear. In order to identify the respective patterns for various lifestyles and to gain insights into fossil forms, we employed a high-resolution tomography technique and compared the middle ear morphology of eulipotyphlan species (moles, shrews and hedgehogs), a group that has radiated into various environments, such as terrestrial, aquatic and subterranean habitats. Three-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis was conducted within a phylogenetically controlled framework. Quantitative shapes were found to strongly reflect the degree of subterranean lifestyle and weakly involve phylogeny. Our analyses demonstrate that subterranean adaptation should include a relatively shorter anterior process of the malleus, an enlarged incus, an enlarged stapes footplate and a reduction of the orbicular apophysis. These traits arguably allow improving low-frequency sound transmission at low frequencies and inhibiting the low-frequency noise which disturbs the subterranean animals in hearing airborne sounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Koyabu
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Halliday TJD, Upchurch P, Goswami A. Resolving the relationships of Paleocene placental mammals. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 92:521-550. [PMID: 28075073 PMCID: PMC6849585 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The 'Age of Mammals' began in the Paleocene epoch, the 10 million year interval immediately following the Cretaceous-Palaeogene mass extinction. The apparently rapid shift in mammalian ecomorphs from small, largely insectivorous forms to many small-to-large-bodied, diverse taxa has driven a hypothesis that the end-Cretaceous heralded an adaptive radiation in placental mammal evolution. However, the affinities of most Paleocene mammals have remained unresolved, despite significant advances in understanding the relationships of the extant orders, hindering efforts to reconstruct robustly the origin and early evolution of placental mammals. Here we present the largest cladistic analysis of Paleocene placentals to date, from a data matrix including 177 taxa (130 of which are Palaeogene) and 680 morphological characters. We improve the resolution of the relationships of several enigmatic Paleocene clades, including families of 'condylarths'. Protungulatum is resolved as a stem eutherian, meaning that no crown-placental mammal unambiguously pre-dates the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary. Our results support an Atlantogenata-Boreoeutheria split at the root of crown Placentalia, the presence of phenacodontids as closest relatives of Perissodactyla, the validity of Euungulata, and the placement of Arctocyonidae close to Carnivora. Periptychidae and Pantodonta are resolved as sister taxa, Leptictida and Cimolestidae are found to be stem eutherians, and Hyopsodontidae is highly polyphyletic. The inclusion of Paleocene taxa in a placental phylogeny alters interpretations of relationships and key events in mammalian evolutionary history. Paleocene mammals are an essential source of data for understanding fully the biotic dynamics associated with the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. The relationships presented here mark a critical first step towards accurate reconstruction of this important interval in the evolution of the modern fauna.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. D. Halliday
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTU.K.
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTU.K.
| | - Paul Upchurch
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTU.K.
| | - Anjali Goswami
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTU.K.
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTU.K.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Influence of Evolutionary Allometry on Rates of Morphological Evolution and Disparity in strictly Subterranean Moles (Talpinae, Talpidae, Lipotyphla, Mammalia). J MAMM EVOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-016-9370-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
16
|
Lin Y, Chappuis A, Rice S, Dumont ER. The effects of soil compactness on the burrowing performance of sympatric eastern and hairy‐tailed moles. J Zool (1987) 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y.‐F. Lin
- Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA USA
| | - A. Chappuis
- Department of Biology Commonwealth Honors College University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA USA
| | - S. Rice
- Department of Biology Commonwealth Honors College University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA USA
| | - E. R. Dumont
- Department of Biology University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
He K, Shinohara A, Helgen KM, Springer MS, Jiang XL, Campbell KL. Talpid Mole Phylogeny Unites Shrew Moles and Illuminates Overlooked Cryptic Species Diversity. Mol Biol Evol 2016; 34:78-87. [PMID: 27795230 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msw221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian family Talpidae (moles, shrew moles, desmans) is characterized by diverse ecomorphologies associated with terrestrial, semi-aquatic, semi-fossorial, fossorial, and aquatic-fossorial lifestyles. Prominent specializations involved with these different lifestyles, and the transitions between them, pose outstanding questions regarding the evolutionary history within the family, not only for living but also for fossil taxa. Here, we investigate the phylogenetic relationships, divergence times, and biogeographic history of the family using 19 nuclear and 2 mitochondrial genes (∼16 kb) from ∼60% of described species representing all 17 genera. Our phylogenetic analyses help settle classical questions in the evolution of moles, identify an ancient (mid-Miocene) split within the monotypic genus Scaptonyx, and indicate that talpid species richness may be nearly 30% higher than previously recognized. Our results also uniformly support the monophyly of long-tailed moles with the two shrew mole tribes and confirm that the Gansu mole is the sole living Asian member of an otherwise North American radiation. Finally, we provide evidence that aquatic specializations within the tribes Condylurini and Desmanini evolved along different morphological trajectories, though we were unable to statistically reject monophyly of the strictly fossorial tribes Talpini and Scalopini.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MN , Canada
| | - Akio Shinohara
- Department of Bio-resources, Division of Biotechnology, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kristofer M Helgen
- National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC
| | - Mark S Springer
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Xue-Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Kevin L Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MN , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mason MJ. Internally coupled ears in living mammals. BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS 2016; 110:345-358. [PMID: 26794500 PMCID: PMC5107206 DOI: 10.1007/s00422-015-0675-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
It is generally held that the right and left middle ears of mammals are acoustically isolated from each other, such that mammals must rely on neural computation to derive sound localisation cues. There are, however, some unusual species in which the middle ear cavities intercommunicate, in which case each ear might be able to act as a pressure-difference receiver. This could improve sound localisation at lower frequencies. The platypus Ornithorhynchus is apparently unique among mammals in that its tympanic cavities are widely open to the pharynx, a morphology resembling that of some non-mammalian tetrapods. The right and left middle ear cavities of certain talpid and golden moles are connected through air passages within the basicranium; one experimental study on Talpa has shown that the middle ears are indeed acoustically coupled by these means. Having a basisphenoid component to the middle ear cavity walls could be an important prerequisite for the development of this form of interaural communication. Little is known about the hearing abilities of platypus, talpid and golden moles, but their audition may well be limited to relatively low frequencies. If so, these mammals could, in principle, benefit from the sound localisation cues available to them through internally coupled ears. Whether or not they actually do remains to be established experimentally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Mason
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mounce RCP, Sansom R, Wills MA. Sampling diverse characters improves phylogenies: Craniodental and postcranial characters of vertebrates often imply different trees. Evolution 2016; 70:666-86. [PMID: 26899622 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Morphological cladograms of vertebrates are often inferred from greater numbers of characters describing the skull and teeth than from postcranial characters. This is either because the skull is believed to yield characters with a stronger phylogenetic signal (i.e., contain less homoplasy), because morphological variation therein is more readily atomized, or because craniodental material is more widely available (particularly in the palaeontological case). An analysis of 85 vertebrate datasets published between 2000 and 2013 confirms that craniodental characters are significantly more numerous than postcranial characters, but finds no evidence that levels of homoplasy differ in the two partitions. However, a new partition test, based on tree-to-tree distances (as measured by the Robinson Foulds metric) rather than tree length, reveals that relationships inferred from the partitions are significantly different about one time in three, much more often than expected. Such differences may reflect divergent selective pressures in different body regions, resulting in different localized patterns of homoplasy. Most systematists attempt to sample characters broadly across body regions, but this is not always possible. We conclude that trees inferred largely from either craniodental or postcranial characters in isolation may differ significantly from those that would result from a more holistic approach. We urge the latter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross C P Mounce
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The University of Bath, The Avenue, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Sansom
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Wills
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The University of Bath, The Avenue, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bannikova AA, Zemlemerova ED, Lebedev VS, Aleksandrov DY, Fang Y, Sheftel BI. Phylogenetic position of the Gansu mole Scapanulus oweni Thomas, 1912 and the relationships between strictly fossorial tribes of the family talpidae. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2015; 464:230-234. [PMID: 26530064 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496615050038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The results of the first molecular study focused on the phylogenetic position of the Gansu mole, Scapanulus oweni are presented. The analysis based on sequences of the mitochondrial cytb gene and five nuclear genes supports the monophyly of the Scalopini tribe including S. oweni and shows that two highly fossorial talpid tribes, Talpini and Scalopini, are not immediate sister taxa. These results highlight the role of morphological parallelism as a potential source of conflict between molecular and morphology-based phylogenies in Talpidae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - V S Lebedev
- Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - D Yu Aleksandrov
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117071, Russia
| | - Yun Fang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese's Academy of Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - B I Sheftel
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117071, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Piras P, Sansalone G, Teresi L, Moscato M, Profico A, Eng R, Cox TC, Loy A, Colangelo P, Kotsakis T. Digging adaptation in insectivorous subterranean eutherians. The enigma ofMesoscalops montanensisunveiled by geometric morphometrics and finite element analysis. J Morphol 2015; 276:1157-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Piras
- Dipartimento di Scienze; Università di Roma Tre; Largo San Leonardo Murialdo, 1 Roma 00146 Italy
- Center of Evolutionary Ecology, c/o Dipartimento B.S.T., Universita del Molise; Pesche Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze; Cardiovascolari; Respiratorie; Nefrologiche, Anestesiologiche e Geriatriche, “Sapienza”
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Strutturale e Geotecnica, “Sapienza” - Università di Roma; via Eudossiana 18 Rome 00100 Italy
| | - Gabriele Sansalone
- Dipartimento di Scienze; Università di Roma Tre; Largo San Leonardo Murialdo, 1 Roma 00146 Italy
- Center of Evolutionary Ecology, c/o Dipartimento B.S.T., Universita del Molise; Pesche Italy
| | - Luciano Teresi
- Center of Evolutionary Ecology, c/o Dipartimento B.S.T., Universita del Molise; Pesche Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica; LaMS - Modeling & Simulation Lab; Universita Roma Tre; via Della Vasca Navale 84 Roma 00146 Italy
| | - Marco Moscato
- Studio Dentistico Marco Moscato; Viale Mazzini 144 Roma 00195 Italy
| | - Antonio Profico
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale; “Sapienza” Università di Roma; P.Le a. Moro 5 - 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Ronald Eng
- Burke Museum; University of Washington; 17th Avenue NE and NE 45th Street, Box 353010 Seattle, Washington 98105 USA
| | - Timothy C. Cox
- Department of Pediatrics (Craniofacial Medicine); University of Washington & Small Animal Tomographic Analysis Facility, Seattle Children's Research Institute; 1900 9th Avenue Seattle, Washington 98105 USA
| | - Anna Loy
- Center of Evolutionary Ecology, c/o Dipartimento B.S.T., Universita del Molise; Pesche Italy
- Dipartimento B.S.T.; Università del Molise; Pesche Italy
| | - Paolo Colangelo
- Center of Evolutionary Ecology, c/o Dipartimento B.S.T., Universita del Molise; Pesche Italy
- National Research Council; Institute of Ecosystem Study; Largo Tonolli 50 -28922 - Verbania Pallanza (VB) Italy
| | - Tassos Kotsakis
- Dipartimento di Scienze; Università di Roma Tre; Largo San Leonardo Murialdo, 1 Roma 00146 Italy
- Center of Evolutionary Ecology, c/o Dipartimento B.S.T., Universita del Molise; Pesche Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sansalone G. Evolution of hypsodonty reveals a long‐standing ecological separation in the
J
apanese shrew‐moles. J Zool (1987) 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Sansalone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Università di Roma Tre Roma Italy
- Center for Evolutionary Ecology Dept. STAT Università del Molise Pesche Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Crumpton N, Kardjilov N, Asher RJ. Convergence vs. Specialization in the ear region of moles (Mammalia). J Morphol 2015; 276:900-14. [PMID: 25858660 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We investigated if and how the inner ear region undergoes similar adaptations in small, fossorial, insectivoran-grade mammals, and found a variety of inner ear phenotypes. In our sample, afrotherian moles (Chrysochloridae) and the marsupial Notoryctes differ from most other burrowing mammals in their relatively short radii of semicircular canal curvature; chrysochlorids and fossorial talpids share a relatively long interampullar width. Chrysochlorids are unique in showing a highly coiled cochlea with nearly four turns. Extensive cochlear coiling may reflect their greater ecological dependence on low frequency auditory cues compared to talpids, tenrecids, and the marsupial Notoryctes. Correspondingly, the lack of such extensive coiling in the inner ear of other fossorial species may indicate a greater reliance on other senses to enable their fossorial lifestyle, such as tactile sensation from vibrissae and Eimer's organs. The reliance of chrysochlorids on sound is evident in the high degree of coiling and in the diversity of its mallear types, and may help explain the lack of any semiaquatic members of that group. The simplest mallear types among chrysochlorids are not present in the basal-most members of that clade, but all extant chrysochlorids investigated to date exhibit extensive cochlear coiling. The chrysochlorid ear region thus exhibits mosaic evolution; our data suggest that extensive coiling evolved in chrysochlorids prior to and independently of diversification in middle ear ossicle size and shape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Crumpton
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3EJ, UK.,Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Nikolay Kardjilov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, D-14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert J Asher
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3EJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shinohara A, Kawada SI, Son NT, Koshimoto C, Endo H, Can DN, Suzuki H. Molecular phylogeny of East and Southeast Asian fossorial moles (Lipotyphla, Talpidae). J Mammal 2014. [DOI: 10.1644/13-mamm-a-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
25
|
Emerling CA, Springer MS. Eyes underground: regression of visual protein networks in subterranean mammals. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 78:260-70. [PMID: 24859681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Regressive evolution involves the degeneration of formerly useful structures in a lineage over time, and may be accompanied by the molecular decay of phenotype-specific genes. The mammalian eye has repeatedly undergone degeneration in taxa that occupy dim-light environments including subterranean habitats. Here we assess whether a decrease in the amount of light that reaches the retina is associated with increased regression of retinal genes, whether the phototransduction and visual cycle pathways degrade in a predictable pattern, and if the timing of retinal gene loss is associated with the entrance of mammalian lineages into subterranean environments. Sequence data were obtained from the publically available genomes of the Cape golden mole (Chrysochloris asiatica), naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) and star-nosed mole (Condylura cristata) for 65 genes associated with phototransduction, the visual cycle, and other retinal functions. Gene sequences were inspected for inactivating mutations and, when present, pseudogene sequences were compared to sequences from subaerial outgroup species. To test whether retinal degeneration is correlated with historical entrances into subterranean environments, estimated dates of retinal gene inactivation were compared to the fossil record and phylogenetic inferences of ancestral fossoriality. Our results show that (1) lower levels of light available to the retina correspond with an increase in the number of retinal pseudogenes, (2) retinal protein networks generally degrade in a predictable manner, although the extensive loss of cone phototransduction genes in Heterocephalus raises further questions regarding SWS1-cone monochromacy versus functional rod monochromacy in this species, and (3) inactivation dates of retinal genes usually post-date inferred entrances into subterranean habitats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Emerling
- Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, United States.
| | - Mark S Springer
- Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wan T, He K, Jiang XL. Multilocus phylogeny and cryptic diversity in Asian shrew-like moles (Uropsilus, Talpidae): implications for taxonomy and conservation. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:232. [PMID: 24161152 PMCID: PMC3819745 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Uropsilus comprises a group of terrestrial, montane mammals endemic to the Hengduan and adjacent mountains. These animals are the most primitive living talpids. The taxonomy has been primarily based on cursory morphological comparisons and the evolutionary affinities are little known. To provide insight into the systematics of this group, we estimated the first multi-locus phylogeny and conducted species delimitation, including taxon sampling throughout their distribution range. RESULTS We obtained two mitochondrial genes (~1, 985 bp) and eight nuclear genes (~4, 345 bp) from 56 specimens. Ten distinct evolutionary lineages were recovered from the three recognized species, eight of which were recognized as species/putative species. Five of these putative species were found to be masquerading as the gracile shrew mole. The divergence time estimation results indicated that climate change since the last Miocene and the uplift of the Himalayas may have resulted in the diversification and speciation of Uropsilus. CONCLUSIONS The cryptic diversity found in this study indicated that the number of species is strongly underestimated under the current taxonomy. Two synonyms of gracilis (atronates and nivatus) should be given full species status, and the taxonomic status of another three potential species should be evaluated using extensive taxon sampling, comprehensive morphological, and morphometric approaches. Consequently, the conservation status of Uropsilus spp. should also be re-evaluated, as most of the species/potential species have very limited distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 China
| | - Kai He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Xue-Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Multilocus phylogeny of talpine moles (Talpini, Talpidae, Eulipotyphla) and its implications for systematics. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 70:513-21. [PMID: 24140029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The tribe Talpini is a group of strictly subterranean moles distributed across the Eurasian Continent whose phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy remain unresolved. Here we report a multi-locus nuclear-mitochondrial DNA dataset (9468 bp) from 11 talpine species encompassing all five recognized genera, together with analyses of their divergence times and evolutionary affinities inferred from maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Our results finely resolved all relationships except the root of the four recognized Asian genera, which was placed sister to the genus Talpa. With respect to the Asian clade, we moreover provide the first molecular support for a sister-taxon relationship between Parascaptor and Scaptochirus and confirm that the genus Euroscaptor is paraphyletic. Further, and despite a relatively small sample size (22 specimens), our species delimitation analyses support the existence of at least two genetically distinct, and hence potentially cryptic species. Taken together, these findings argue that generic status should be given to E. mizura and illustrate that the taxonomic diversity of the tribe Talpini in mountainous regions of southwestern China and Southeast Asia is underestimated. Finally, results of our divergence time analyses support a rapid radiation of the endemic Asian genera in the late-Miocene, which temporally corresponds with enhanced aridity and cooling arising from a significant uplift of the Himalayan-Tibetan plateau.
Collapse
|
28
|
Zemlemerova ED, Bannikova AA, Abramov AV, Lebedev VS, Rozhnov VV. New data on molecular phylogeny of the East Asian moles. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2013; 451:257-260. [PMID: 23975471 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496613040200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
|
29
|
Wilson LA. Geographic variation in the greater Japanese shrew-mole, Urotrichus talpoides: Combining morphological and chromosomal patterns. Mamm Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
30
|
Meier PS, Bickelmann C, Scheyer TM, Koyabu D, Sánchez-Villagra MR. Evolution of bone compactness in extant and extinct moles (Talpidae): exploring humeral microstructure in small fossorial mammals. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:55. [PMID: 23442022 PMCID: PMC3599842 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Talpids include forms with different degree of fossoriality, with major specializations in the humerus in the case of the fully fossorial moles. We studied the humeral microanatomy of eleven extant and eight extinct talpid taxa of different lifestyles and of two non-fossorial outgroups and examined the effects of size and phylogeny. We tested the hypothesis that bone microanatomy is different in highly derived humeri of fossorial taxa than in terrestrial and semi-aquatic ones, likely due to special mechanical strains to which they are exposed to during digging. This study is the first comprehensive examination of histological parameters in an ecologically diverse and small-sized mammalian clade. RESULTS No pattern of global bone compactness was found in the humeri of talpids that could be related to biomechanical specialization, phylogeny or size. The transition zone from the medullary cavity to the cortical compacta was larger and the ellipse ratio smaller in fossorial talpids than in non-fossorial talpids. No differences were detected between the two distantly related fossorial clades, Talpini and Scalopini. CONCLUSIONS At this small size, the overall morphology of the humerus plays a predominant role in absorbing the load, and microanatomical features such as an increase in bone compactness are less important, perhaps due to insufficient gravitational effects. The ellipse ratio of bone compactness shows relatively high intraspecific variation, and therefore predictions from this ratio based on single specimens are invalid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Meier
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, Zürich, CH-8006, Switzerland
| | - Constanze Bickelmann
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, Zürich, CH-8006, Switzerland
- Current address: Museum für Naturkunde-Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions-und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstrasse 43, Berlin, D-10115, Germany
| | - Torsten M Scheyer
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, Zürich, CH-8006, Switzerland
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, Zürich, CH-8006, Switzerland
| | - Marcelo R Sánchez-Villagra
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, Zürich, CH-8006, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bickelmann C, Jiménez R, Richardson MK, Sánchez-Villagra MR. Humerus development in moles (Talpidae, Mammalia). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Bickelmann
- Paleontological Museum and Institute; University of Zurich; Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4 Zurich 8006 Switzerland
| | - Rafael Jiménez
- Departamento de Genética; Universidad de Granada; Avenida del Conocimiento Granada, Armilla 18100 Spain
| | - Michael K. Richardson
- Institute of Biology; University of Leiden; Sylviusweg 72 Leiden 2333 BE The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lu L, Tu F, Yan C, Zhang X, Yue B, Zeng T. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Shrew Gymnure,Neotetracus sinensis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2012.744976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
33
|
He K, Wang JH, Su WT, Li Q, Nie WH, Jiang XL. Karyotype of the Gansu Mole (Scapanulus oweni): Further Evidence for Karyotypic Stability in Talpid. MAMMAL STUDY 2012. [DOI: 10.3106/041.037.0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
34
|
Tu F, Fan Z, Chen S, Yin Y, Li P, Zhang X, Liu S, Yue B. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Gracile shrew mole,Uropsilus gracilis(Soricomorpha: Talpidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 23:382-4. [DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2012.696634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
35
|
Crumpton N, Thompson RS. The Holes of Moles: Osteological Correlates of the Trigeminal Nerve in Talpidae. J MAMM EVOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-012-9213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
36
|
Signore AV, Stetefeld J, Weber RE, Campbell KL. Origin and mechanism of thermal insensitivity in mole hemoglobins: a test of the 'additional' chloride binding site hypothesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 215:518-25. [PMID: 22246260 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.063669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The structural and evolutionary origins underlying the effect of temperature on the O(2) binding properties of mammalian hemoglobins (Hbs) are poorly understood, despite their potential physiological importance. Previous work has shown that the O(2) affinities of the blood of the coast mole (Scapanus orarius) and the eastern mole (Scalopus aquaticus) are significantly less sensitive to temperature changes than that of the star-nosed mole (Condylura cristata). It was suggested that this difference may arise from the binding of 'additional' chloride ions within a cationic pocket between residues 8His, 76Lys and 77Asn on the β-like δ-globin chains of coast and eastern mole Hbs. To test this hypothesis, we deduced the primary sequences of star-nosed mole and American shrew mole (Neurotrichus gibbsii) Hb, measured the sensitivity of these respiratory proteins to allosteric effector molecules and temperature, and calculated their overall oxygenation enthalpies (ΔH'). Here we show that the variability in ΔH' seen among mole Hbs cannot be attributed to differential Cl(-) binding at δ8, δ76 and δ77, as the Cl(-) sensitivity of mole Hbs is unaffected by amino acid changes at this site (i.e. the proposed 'additional' Cl- binding site is not operational in mole Hbs). Rather, we demonstrate that the numerically low ΔH' of coast and eastern mole Hbs results from heightened proton binding relative to other mole Hbs. Comparative sequence analysis and molecular modelling moreover suggest that this attribute evolved in a common ancestor of these two fossorial lineages and arises from the development of a salt bridge between a pair of amino acid residues (δ125His and α34Glu/Asp) that are not present in other mole Hbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony V Signore
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Piras P, Sansalone G, Teresi L, Kotsakis T, Colangelo P, Loy A. Testing convergent and parallel adaptations in talpids humeral mechanical performance by means of geometric morphometrics and finite element analysis. J Morphol 2012; 273:696-711. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
38
|
Mitgutsch C, Richardson MK, Jiménez R, Martin JE, Kondrashov P, de Bakker MAG, Sánchez-Villagra MR. Circumventing the polydactyly 'constraint': the mole's 'thumb'. Biol Lett 2012; 8:74-7. [PMID: 21752813 PMCID: PMC3259951 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Talpid moles across all northern continents exhibit a remarkably large, sickle-like radial sesamoid bone anterior to their five digits, always coupled with a smaller tibial sesamoid bone. A possible developmental mechanism behind this phenomenon was revealed using molecular markers during limb development in the Iberian mole (Talpa occidentalis) and a shrew (Cryptotis parva), as shrews represent the closest relatives of moles but do not show these conspicuous elements. The mole's radial sesamoid develops later than true digits, as shown by Sox9, and extends into the digit area, developing in relation to an Msx2-domain at the anterior border of the digital plate. Fgf8 expression, marking the apical ectodermal ridge, is comparable in both species. Developmental peculiarities facilitated the inclusion of the mole's radial sesamoid into the digit series; talpid moles circumvent the almost universal pentadactyly constraint by recruiting wrist sesamoids into their digital region using a novel developmental pathway and timing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mitgutsch
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Rafael Jiménez
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Granada, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - José E. Martin
- Departamento de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, CSIC, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Peter Kondrashov
- A. T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Koyabu D, Endo H, Mitgutsch C, Suwa G, Catania KC, Zollikofer CPE, Oda SI, Koyasu K, Ando M, Sánchez-Villagra MR. Heterochrony and developmental modularity of cranial osteogenesis in lipotyphlan mammals. EvoDevo 2011; 2:21. [PMID: 22040374 PMCID: PMC3247175 DOI: 10.1186/2041-9139-2-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here we provide the most comprehensive study to date on the cranial ossification sequence in Lipotyphla, the group which includes shrews, moles and hedgehogs. This unique group, which encapsulates diverse ecological modes, such as terrestrial, subterranean, and aquatic lifestyles, is used to examine the evolutionary lability of cranial osteogenesis and to investigate the modularity of development. RESULTS An acceleration of developmental timing of the vomeronasal complex has occurred in the common ancestor of moles. However, ossification of the nasal bone has shifted late in the more terrestrial shrew mole. Among the lipotyphlans, sequence heterochrony shows no significant association with modules derived from developmental origins (that is, neural crest cells vs. mesoderm derived parts) or with those derived from ossification modes (that is, dermal vs. endochondral ossification). CONCLUSIONS The drastic acceleration of vomeronasal development in moles is most likely coupled with the increased importance of the rostrum for digging and its use as a specialized tactile surface, both fossorial adaptations. The late development of the nasal in shrew moles, a condition also displayed by hedgehogs and shrews, is suggested to be the result of an ecological reversal to terrestrial lifestyle and reduced functional importance of the rostrum. As an overall pattern in lipotyphlans, our results reject the hypothesis that ossification sequence heterochrony occurs in modular fashion when considering the developmental patterns of the skull. We suggest that shifts in the cranial ossification sequence are not evolutionarily constrained by developmental origins or mode of ossification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Koyabu
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Endo
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christian Mitgutsch
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gen Suwa
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenneth C Catania
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 35-1634, Nashville, USA
| | - Christoph PE Zollikofer
- Anthropologisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sen-ichi Oda
- Department of Zoology, Okayama University of Science, Ridaichou, Kita-ku, 700-0005 Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koyasu
- The Second Department of Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Kusumotochou 1-100, 464-8650 Nagoya, Japan
| | - Motokazu Ando
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Funako 1737, 243-0034 Atsugi, Japan
| | - Marcelo R Sánchez-Villagra
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Tryfonopoulos GA, Thanou EG, Fraguedakis-Tsolis SE, Chondropoulos BP. New data on the distribution and genetic structure of Greek moles of the genusTalpa(Mammalia, Talpidae). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2009.00533.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
42
|
Motokawa M, Wu Y, Harada M. Karyotypes of Six Soricomorph Species from Emei Shan, Sichuan Province, China. Zoolog Sci 2009; 26:791-7. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.26.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
43
|
Kang HJ, Bennett SN, Dizney L, Sumibcay L, Arai S, Ruedas LA, Song JW, Yanagihara R. Host switch during evolution of a genetically distinct hantavirus in the American shrew mole (Neurotrichus gibbsii). Virology 2009; 388:8-14. [PMID: 19394994 PMCID: PMC2692302 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A genetically distinct hantavirus, designated Oxbow virus (OXBV), was detected in tissues of an American shrew mole (Neurotrichus gibbsii), captured in Gresham, Oregon, in September 2003. Pairwise analysis of full-length S- and M- and partial L-segment nucleotide and amino acid sequences of OXBV indicated low sequence similarity with rodent-borne hantaviruses. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods, and host-parasite evolutionary comparisons, showed that OXBV and Asama virus, a hantavirus recently identified from the Japanese shrew mole (Urotrichus talpoides), were related to soricine shrew-borne hantaviruses from North America and Eurasia, respectively, suggesting parallel evolution associated with cross-species transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hae Ji Kang
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 651 Ilalo Street, BSB320L, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases and Bank for Pathogenic Viruses, College of Medicine, Korea University, 5-Ka, Anam-dong, Sungbug-gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - Shannon N. Bennett
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 651 Ilalo Street, BSB320L, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Laurie Dizney
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, USA
| | - Laarni Sumibcay
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 651 Ilalo Street, BSB320L, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Satoru Arai
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Luis A. Ruedas
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, USA
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases and Bank for Pathogenic Viruses, College of Medicine, Korea University, 5-Ka, Anam-dong, Sungbug-gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - Richard Yanagihara
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 651 Ilalo Street, BSB320L, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kawada SI, Li S, Wang YX, Mock OB, Oda SI, Campbell KL. Karyotype Evolution of Shrew Moles (Soricomorpha: Talpidae). J Mammal 2008. [DOI: 10.1644/07-mamm-a-105.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
45
|
Shinohara A, Kawada SI, Harada M, Koyasu K, Oda SI, Suzuki H. Phylogenetic relationships of the short-faced mole, Scaptochirus moschatus (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla), among Eurasian fossorial moles, as inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences. MAMMAL STUDY 2008. [DOI: 10.3106/1348-6160(2008)33[77:protsm]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
46
|
Carmona FD, Motokawa M, Tokita M, Tsuchiya K, Jiménez R, Sánchez-Villagra MR. The evolution of female mole ovotestes evidences high plasticity of mammalian gonad development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2008; 310:259-66. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
47
|
|
48
|
Goswami A, Prochel J. Ontogenetic Morphology and Allometry of the Cranium in the Common European Mole (Talpa europaea). J Mammal 2007. [DOI: 10.1644/06-mamm-a-315r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
49
|
Ratio of explanatory power (REP): a new measure of group support. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2006; 44:483-7. [PMID: 17306990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2006] [Revised: 11/17/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|