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Broadbridge P, Tilley BS. Diffusion of dermatological irritant in drying laundered cloth. MATHEMATICAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY-A JOURNAL OF THE IMA 2021; 38:474-489. [PMID: 34697633 DOI: 10.1093/imammb/dqab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), a commonly used laundry surfactant, has been known to cause some damage to epithelial cells in skin. Further, independent experiments have shown that a single laundry wash with rinsing leaves a residue of around 10% of the chemicals used in a wash cycle. A realistic nonlinear system of partial differential equations is developed for coupled water and solute transport through a drying porous medium when the solute has a mobile state (monomers) as well as an immobile state (micelles). An accurate finite difference scheme is developed and tested against known exact solutions of the nonlinear porous medium equation for transport of water and against known conservation laws. It shows that at the end of atmosphere-controlled stage 1 of drying when little water remains, the concentration of SDS near the drying surface, where it may contact skin, is commonly an order of magnitude higher than its initial value. The problem is exacerbated by successive regular wash cycles and by higher evaporation rates in electronic dryers. The numerical solutions show the partitioning between the two phases of SDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Broadbridge
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - B S Tilley
- Center for Industrial Mathematics and Statistics, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Rd, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
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Oya M. Effect of Fine Bubbles on Removal of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate Surfactant during the Rinsing Stage of Laundry Washing. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Oya
- Graduate School of Environment and Information SciencesYokohama National University 79‐7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya‐ku, 240‐8501, Yokohama Japan
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Licina D, Tian Y, Nazaroff WW. Emission rates and the personal cloud effect associated with particle release from the perihuman environment. INDOOR AIR 2017; 27:791-802. [PMID: 28009455 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation exposure to elevated particulate matter levels is correlated with deleterious health and well-being outcomes. Despite growing evidence that identifies humans as sources of coarse airborne particles, the extent to which personal exposures are influenced by particle releases near occupants is unknown. In a controlled chamber, we monitored airborne total particle levels with high temporal and particle-size resolution for a range of simulated occupant activities. We also sampled directly from the subject's breathing zone to characterize exposures. A material-balance model showed that a sitting occupant released 8 million particles/h in the diameter range 1-10 μm. Elevated emissions were associated with increased intensity of upper body movements and with walking. Emissions were correlated with exposure, but not linearly. The personal PM10 exposure increment above the room-average levels was 1.6-13 μg/m3 during sitting, owing to spatial heterogeneity of particulate matter concentrations, a feature that was absent during walking. The personal cloud was more discernible among larger particles, as would be expected for shedding from skin and clothing. Manipulating papers and clothing fabric was a strong source of airborne particles. An increase in personal exposure was observed owing to particle mass exchange associated with a second room occupant.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Licina
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Y Tian
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - W W Nazaroff
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Kim JE, Kim HJ, Lew BL, Lee KH, Hong SP, Jang YH, Park KY, Seo SJ, Bae JM, Choi EH, Suhr KB, Lee SC, Ko HC, Park YL, Son SW, Seo YJ, Lee YW, Cho SH, Park CW, Roh JY. Consensus Guidelines for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in Korea (Part I): General Management and Topical Treatment. Ann Dermatol 2015; 27:563-77. [PMID: 26512171 PMCID: PMC4622891 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2015.27.5.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since the treatment guidelines for atopic dermatitis (AD) were released by the Korean Atopic Dermatitis Association (KADA) work group in 2006, there have been several advances in AD management. Objective We aimed to establish updated evidence- and experience-based treatment guidelines for Korean AD. Methods We collected a database of references from relevant systematic AD reviews and guidelines regarding general AD management such as bathing and skin care, avoidance of exacerbating factors, education and psychosocial support, and the use of moisturizers and topical anti-inflammatory and antipruritic drugs. Evidence for each statement was graded and the strength of the recommendation for each statement classified. Thirty-nine KADA council members participated in three rounds of voting to establish an expert consensus of recommendations. Results Basic AD treatment includes proper bathing and skin care, avoidance of exacerbating factors, proper education and psychosocial support, and use of moisturizers. The regular use of moisturizer has a steroid-sparing effect and reduces relapse episodes. The short- and long-term use of topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors improves AD symptoms and should be encouraged to use in an active and proactive treatment. Wet-wrap therapy can be used for rapid recovery of acute exacerbation. Topical antipruritic drugs cannot be recommended for the treatment of AD. Conclusion This report provides up-to-date evidence- and experience-based treatment guidelines for AD regarding general management and topical treatment. In addition, the average agreement scores obtained by a panel of experts based on the Korean healthcare system and patient adherence are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bark-Lynn Lew
- Department of Dermatology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Phil Hong
- Department of Dermatology, Dankook University Medical College, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jang
- Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kui Young Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Jun Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Bae
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eung Ho Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ki Beom Suhr
- Department of Dermatology, SA Dermatology Clinic, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung Chul Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun Chang Ko
- Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Young Lip Park
- Department of Dermatology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Sang Wook Son
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Jun Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yang Won Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Cho
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun Wook Park
- Department of Dermatology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Young Roh
- Department of Dermatology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
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Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: Section 4. Prevention of disease flares and use of adjunctive therapies and approaches. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 71:1218-33. [PMID: 25264237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a common, chronic inflammatory dermatosis that can affect all age groups. This evidence-based guideline addresses important clinical questions that arise in its management. In this final section, treatments for flare prevention and adjunctive and complementary therapies and approaches are reviewed. Suggestions on use are given based on available evidence.
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ISODA K, TAKAGI Y, KITAHARA T, SANO Y, SUGANO I, UMEDA-TOGAMI K, UMEDA K, YAMANAKA K, YAMADA T, MIZUTANI H. Treatment of cloth with a fabric softener ameliorates skin dryness. J Dermatol 2010; 38:685-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.01084.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kurtz EJ, Yelverton CB, Camacho FT, Fleischer AB. Use of a silklike bedding fabric in patients with atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Dermatol 2008; 25:439-43. [PMID: 18789083 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2008.00717.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Symptoms of atopic dermatitis are often affected by environmental irritants. Modulation of potential irritants may benefit such symptoms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a novel silklike bedding fabric for persons with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis. Participants with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis were provided a bedsheet set. Eczema Area and Severity Index and Investigator Global Assessment were the primary outcome measures. Visual Analog Scale for itch and a quality of life were also evaluated. The Wilcoxon signed rank test indicated a significant decrease in severity, with the Investigator Global Assessment score decreasing from 2.05 to 1.74 at week 8 (p = 0.03), the Eczema Area and Severity Index decreasing from 2.63 at baseline to 2.19 (p = 0.014), and the itching score decreasing from 3.97 to 3.00 (p = 0.010). An increase in the study-specific quality of life index was also observed, changing from -0.08 (no change in quality of life) to 1.23 (some improvement) (p < 0.0001). Atopic dermatitis is commonly recalcitrant to therapy and synthetic silklike bed linens may have value as another option for the treatment of this disease. This pilot study demonstrated promising results that warrant confirmation in controlled clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor J Kurtz
- Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1071, USA
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Tang CL, Larkin G, Kumiponjera D, Rao GS. Vanity burns: an unusual case of chemical burn caused by nail glue. Burns 2006; 32:776-7. [PMID: 16890363 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2005.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2005] [Accepted: 12/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C L Tang
- Plastic Surgical Unit, University Hospital of North Durham, North Road, Durham DH1 5TW, UK.
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Terada M, Tsutsui H, Imai Y, Yasuda K, Mizutani H, Yamanishi K, Kubo M, Matsui K, Sano H, Nakanishi K. Contribution of IL-18 to atopic-dermatitis-like skin inflammation induced by Staphylococcus aureus product in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:8816-21. [PMID: 16723395 PMCID: PMC1482661 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0602900103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease of unknown etiology. Cutaneous infection with microbes such as Staphylococcus aureus and/or skin cleansing with detergent exacerbates clinical AD. Here, we generated an AD animal model by destroying skin barrier function with detergent and subsequent topical application of protein A from S. aureus (SpA). NC/Nga mice, which genetically have reduced skin barrier function, and BALB/c mice having intact skin barrier function, were susceptible to this combination and developed severe and moderate AD, respectively, associated with dermal accumulation of eosinophils and mast cells. Both types of mice showed an increase in serum levels of IL-18, but not IgE. The epidermis of the NC/Nga mice rapidly expressed T helper type 1 (Th1)-associated chemokines, including ligands for CXCR3 and CCR5, after application of both SpA and detergent, but not after application of detergent alone. Although treatment with detergent induced moderate Th1 cell response, additional SpA treatment was a prerequisite for induction of the differentiation of naive T cells toward unique Th1 cells, termed "super Th1 cells," capable of producing both Th1 (IFN-gamma) and T helper type 2 cytokine (IL-13), as well as IL-3, and expressing CXCR3 and CCR5. Induction of super Th1 cells required IL-18 stimulation. Blockade of IL-18 prevented AD development, whereas blockade of IL-3 partially prevented AD development, suggesting a contribution of IL-18-dependent IL-3 production to AD with cutaneous mastocytosis. il18-/-BALB/c mice similarly evaded SDS/SpA-induced AD. Thus, IL-18 might be important for the development of infection-associated AD by induction of IL-3 from super Th1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Terada
- *Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Departments of
- Immunology and Medical Zoology and
| | - Hiroko Tsutsui
- Immunology and Medical Zoology and
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Imai
- Immunology and Medical Zoology and
- Department of Dermatology, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; and
| | - Koubun Yasuda
- Immunology and Medical Zoology and
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mizutani
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; and
| | - Kiyofumi Yamanishi
- Dermatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Masato Kubo
- **Laboratory for Signal Network, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Matsui
- *Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Departments of
| | - Hajime Sano
- *Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Departments of
| | - Kenji Nakanishi
- Immunology and Medical Zoology and
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE To describe atopic dermatitis (AD) in relation to a case study, the diagnostic criteria, complications, prevalence, future implications, and management for the primary care provider. DATA SOURCES Extensive literature review on the condition, supplemented with an actual case study. CONCLUSIONS Although there are many scientific studies done on AD, the exact pathogenesis and cure for this condition are still to be discovered. It is usually chronic and has some fatal sequelae in those who have been exposed to viral infections. Asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and AD are considered the atopic triad. Further studies that may help improve medical providers' understanding of AD are going on and offer hope to those afflicted by this disorder. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Children over 5 years old may have outgrown their symptoms, so it is best to diagnose this condition at an early age to provide better management outcomes. Because it is part of an atopic triad, the nurse practitioner must think beyond the presenting skin condition to consider possible respiratory system conditions. AD may herald the onset of asthma and AR.
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