1
|
Liu X, Lei M, Xue Y, Li H, Yin J, Li D, Shu J, Cai C. Multi-dimensional Insight into the Coexistence of Pathogenic Genes for ADAR1 and TSC2: Careful Consideration is Essential for Interpretation of ADAR1 Variants. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:1811-1826. [PMID: 37740860 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Aicardi-Goutières syndrome 6 (AGS6) is a serious auto-immunization-associated acute neurologic decompensation. AGS6 manifests as acute onset of severe generalized dystonia of limbs and developmental regression secondary to febrile illness mostly. Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH), as pigmentary genodermatosis, is a characterized mixture of hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules. Both AGS6 and DSH are associated with ADAR1 pathogenic variants. To explore the etiology of a proband with developmental regression with mixture of hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation macules, we used the trio-WES. Later, to clarify the association between variants and diseases, we used guidelines of ACMG for variants interpretation and quantitative Real-time PCR for verifying elevated expression levels of interferon-stimulated genes, separately. By WES, we detected 2 variants in ADAR1 and a variant in TSC2, respectively, were NM_001111.5:c.1096_1097del, NM_001111.5:c.518A>G, and NM_000548.5:c.1864C>T. Variants interpretation suggested that these 3 variants were both pathogenic. Expression levels of interferon-stimulated genes also elevated as expected. We verified the co-occurrence of pathogenic variants of ADAR1 and TSC2 in AGS6 patients with DSH. Our works contributed to the elucidation of ADAR1 pathogenic mechanism, given the specific pathogenic mechanism of ADAR1, and it is necessary to consider with caution when variants were found in ADAR1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Liu
- Graduate College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Meifang Lei
- Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Tianjin, 300134, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), No. 238 Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Tianjin, 300134, China
- Tianjin Pediatric Research Institute, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Beichen District, No. 238 Longyan Road, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Hong Li
- Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Tianjin, 300134, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), No. 238 Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Jing Yin
- Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Tianjin, 300134, China
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Dong Li
- Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Tianjin, 300134, China.
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), No. 238 Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, China.
| | - Jianbo Shu
- Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Tianjin, 300134, China.
- Tianjin Pediatric Research Institute, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Beichen District, No. 238 Longyan Road, Tianjin, 300134, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, 300134, China.
| | - Chunquan Cai
- Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Tianjin, 300134, China.
- Tianjin Pediatric Research Institute, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Beichen District, No. 238 Longyan Road, Tianjin, 300134, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, 300134, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rey F, Esposito L, Maghraby E, Mauri A, Berardo C, Bonaventura E, Tonduti D, Carelli S, Cereda C. Role of epigenetics and alterations in RNA metabolism in leukodystrophies. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2024; 15:e1854. [PMID: 38831585 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Leukodystrophies are a class of rare heterogeneous disorders which affect the white matter of the brain, ultimately leading to a disruption in brain development and a damaging effect on cognitive, motor and social-communicative development. These disorders present a great clinical heterogeneity, along with a phenotypic overlap and this could be partially due to contributions from environmental stimuli. It is in this context that there is a great need to investigate what other factors may contribute to both disease insurgence and phenotypical heterogeneity, and novel evidence are raising the attention toward the study of epigenetics and transcription mechanisms that can influence the disease phenotype beyond genetics. Modulation in the epigenetics machinery including histone modifications, DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs dysregulation, could be crucial players in the development of these disorders, and moreover an aberrant RNA maturation process has been linked to leukodystrophies. Here, we provide an overview of these mechanisms hoping to supply a closer step toward the analysis of leukodystrophies not only as genetically determined but also with an added level of complexity where epigenetic dysregulation is of key relevance. This article is categorized under: Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNA RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rey
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Esposito
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Maghraby
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani" (DBB), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Mauri
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Clarissa Berardo
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Bonaventura
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology, COALA Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Leukodystrophies, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Tonduti
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology, COALA Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Leukodystrophies, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jarmoskaite I, Li JB. Multifaceted roles of RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 in innate immunity. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 30:500-511. [PMID: 38531645 PMCID: PMC11019752 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079953.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Innate immunity must be tightly regulated to enable sensitive pathogen detection while averting autoimmunity triggered by pathogen-like host molecules. A hallmark of viral infection, double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) are also abundantly encoded in mammalian genomes, necessitating surveillance mechanisms to distinguish "self" from "nonself." ADAR1, an RNA editing enzyme, has emerged as an essential safeguard against dsRNA-induced autoimmunity. By converting adenosines to inosines (A-to-I) in long dsRNAs, ADAR1 covalently marks endogenous dsRNAs, thereby blocking the activation of the cytoplasmic dsRNA sensor MDA5. Moreover, beyond its editing function, ADAR1 binding to dsRNA impedes the activation of innate immune sensors PKR and ZBP1. Recent landmark studies underscore the utility of silencing ADAR1 for cancer immunotherapy, by exploiting the ADAR1-dependence developed by certain tumors to unleash an antitumor immune response. In this perspective, we summarize the genetic and mechanistic evidence for ADAR1's multipronged role in suppressing dsRNA-mediated autoimmunity and explore the evolving roles of ADAR1 as an immuno-oncology target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inga Jarmoskaite
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- AIRNA Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Jin Billy Li
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de Reuver R, Maelfait J. Novel insights into double-stranded RNA-mediated immunopathology. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:235-249. [PMID: 37752355 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in human and mouse genetics has transformed our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which recognition of self double-stranded RNA (self-dsRNA) causes immunopathology. Novel mouse models recapitulate loss-of-function mutations in the RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 that are found in patients with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) - a monogenic inflammatory disease associated with increased levels of type I interferon. Extensive analyses of the genotype-phenotype relationships in these mice have now firmly established a causal relationship between increased intracellular concentrations of endogenous immunostimulatory dsRNA and type I interferon-driven immunopathology. Activation of the dsRNA-specific immune sensor MDA5 perpetuates the overproduction of type I interferons, and chronic engagement of the interferon-inducible innate immune receptors PKR and ZBP1 by dsRNA drives immunopathology by activating an integrated stress response or by inducing excessive cell death. Biochemical and genetic data support a role for the p150 isoform of ADAR1 in the cytosol in suppressing the spontaneous, pathological response to self-dsRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard de Reuver
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Maelfait
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baskar Murthy A, Palaniappan V, Karthikeyan K. Aluminium in dermatology - Inside story of an innocuous metal. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2024; 0:1-9. [PMID: 38595024 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_188_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Aluminium, the third most abundant element in the earth's crust, was long considered virtually innocuous to humans but has gained importance in the recent past. Aluminium is ubiquitous in the environment, with various sources of exposure like cosmetics, the food industry, occupational industries, the medical field, transport and electronics. Aluminium finds its utility in various aspects of dermatology as an effective haemostatic agent, anti-perspirant and astringent. Aluminium has a pivotal role to play in wound healing, calciphylaxis, photodynamic therapy and vaccine immunotherapy with diagnostic importance in Finn chamber patch testing and confocal microscopy. The metal also finds significance in cosmetic procedures like microdermabrasion and as an Nd:YAG laser component. It is important to explore the allergic properties of aluminium, as in contact dermatitis and vaccine granulomas. The controversial role of aluminium in breast cancer and breast cysts also needs to be evaluated by further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Baskar Murthy
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Madagadipet, Puducherry, India
| | - Vijayasankar Palaniappan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Madagadipet, Puducherry, India
| | - Kaliaperumal Karthikeyan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Madagadipet, Puducherry, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma Q, Che L, Chen Y, Gu Z. Identification of five novel variants of ADAR1 in dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria by next-generation sequencing. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1161502. [PMID: 37476031 PMCID: PMC10354868 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1161502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited pigmentary dermatosis characterized by a mixture of hyperpigmented and hypopigmented freckles on the dorsal aspect of the distal extremities. To date, pathogenic mutations causing DSH have been identified in the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA1 gene (ADAR1), which is mapped to chromosome 1q21. Objective The present study aimed to investigate the underlying pathological mechanism in 14 patients with DSH from five unrelated Chinese families. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and direct sequencing were performed on a proband with DSH to identify causative mutations. All coding, adjacent intronic, and 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of ADAR1 were screened, and variants were identified. Result These mutations consisted of three missense mutations (NM_001025107: c.716G>A, NM_001111.5: c.3384G>C, and NM_001111.5: c.3385T>G), one nonsense mutation (NM_001111.5:c.511G>T), and one splice-site mutation (NM_001111.5: c.2080-1G>T) located in exon 2, exon 14, and the adjacent intronic region according to recommended Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS) nomenclature. Moreover, using polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing, we identified five novel ADAR1 variants, which can be predicted to be pathogenic by in silico genome sequence analysis. Among the mutations, the missense mutations had no significant effect on the spatial structure of the protein, while the stop codon introduced by the nonsense mutation truncated the protein. Conclusion Our results highlighted that the advent of NGS has facilitated high-throughput screening for the identification of disease-causing mutations with high accuracy, stability, and specificity. Five novel genetic mutations were found in five unrelated families, thereby extending the pathogenic mutational spectrum of ADAR1 in DSH and providing new insights into this complex genetic disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ma
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingyi Che
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yibing Chen
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhuoyu Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lin MH, Chou PC, Lee IC, Yang SF, Yu HS, Yu S. Inherited Reticulate Pigmentary Disorders. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1300. [PMID: 37372478 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reticulate pigmentary disorders (RPDs) are a group of inherited and acquired skin conditions characterized by hyperpigmented and/or hypopigmented macules. Inherited RPDs include dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH), dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria (DUH), reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura (RAK), Dowling-Degos disease (DDD), dyskeratosis congenita (DKC), Naegeli-Franceschetti-Jadassohn syndrome (NFJS), dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis (DPR), and X-linked reticulate pigmentary disorder. Although reticulate pattern of pigmentation is a common characteristic of this spectrum of disorders, the distribution of pigmentation varies among these disorders, and there may be clinical manifestations beyond pigmentation. DSH, DUH, and RAK are mostly reported in East Asian ethnicities. DDD is more common in Caucasians, although it is also reported in Asian countries. Other RPDs show no racial predilection. This article reviews the clinical, histological, and genetic variations of inherited RPDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Huei Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chen Chou
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Syuan-Fei Yang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Su Yu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Sebastian Yu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
ZHANG J, LAI Y, SHI Z. Hyper- and Hypo-pigmented Small Macules on Face, Neck and Extremities: A Quiz. Acta Derm Venereol 2023; 103:adv00848. [PMID: 36625211 PMCID: PMC9885280 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v103.5310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract is missing (Quiz)
Collapse
|
9
|
Maurano M, Snyder JM, Connelly C, Henao-Mejia J, Sidrauski C, Stetson DB. Protein kinase R and the integrated stress response drive immunopathology caused by mutations in the RNA deaminase ADAR1. Immunity 2021; 54:1948-1960.e5. [PMID: 34343497 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The RNA deaminase ADAR1 is an essential negative regulator of the RNA sensor MDA5, and loss of ADAR1 function triggers inappropriate activation of MDA5 by self-RNAs. Mutations in ADAR, the gene that encodes ADAR1, cause human immune diseases, including Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS). However, the mechanisms of MDA5-dependent disease pathogenesis in vivo remain unknown. Here we generated mice with a single amino acid change in ADAR1 that models the most common human ADAR AGS mutation. These Adar mutant mice developed lethal disease that required MDA5, the RIG-I-like receptor LGP2, type I interferons, and the eIF2α kinase PKR. A small-molecule inhibitor of the integrated stress response (ISR) that acts downstream of eIF2α phosphorylation prevented immunopathology and rescued the mice from mortality. These findings place PKR and the ISR as central components of immunopathology in vivo and identify therapeutic targets for treatment of human diseases associated with the ADAR1-MDA5 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Maurano
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jessica M Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Jorge Henao-Mejia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Division of Protective Immunity, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - Daniel B Stetson
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Quin J, Sedmík J, Vukić D, Khan A, Keegan LP, O'Connell MA. ADAR RNA Modifications, the Epitranscriptome and Innate Immunity. Trends Biochem Sci 2021; 46:758-771. [PMID: 33736931 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Modified bases act as marks on cellular RNAs so that they can be distinguished from foreign RNAs, reducing innate immune responses to endogenous RNA. In humans, mutations giving reduced levels of one base modification, adenosine-to-inosine deamination, cause a viral infection mimic syndrome, a congenital encephalitis with aberrant interferon induction. These Aicardi-Goutières syndrome 6 mutations affect adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1), which generates inosines in endogenous double-stranded (ds)RNA. The inosine base alters dsRNA structure to prevent aberrant activation of antiviral cytosolic helicase RIG-I-like receptors. We review how effects of inosines, ADARs, and other modified bases have been shown to be important in innate immunity and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Quin
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion A35, Brno CZ-62500, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Sedmík
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion A35, Brno CZ-62500, Czech Republic
| | - Dragana Vukić
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion A35, Brno CZ-62500, Czech Republic
| | - Anzer Khan
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion A35, Brno CZ-62500, Czech Republic
| | - Liam P Keegan
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion A35, Brno CZ-62500, Czech Republic.
| | - Mary A O'Connell
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion A35, Brno CZ-62500, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sanke S, Himadri H, Yadav J, Sharma S, Kono M, Chander R. Pigmentary anomalies and neurologic symptoms in two siblings. Pediatr Dermatol 2021; 38:e16-e17. [PMID: 37489631 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Sanke
- Department of Dermatology and STD, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Himadri Himadri
- Department of Dermatology and STD, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Yadav
- Department of Dermatology and STD, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Suvasini Sharma
- Department of Paediatrics, Neurology Division, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Michihiro Kono
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Ram Chander
- Department of Dermatology and STD, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The brain is one of the organs that are preferentially targeted by adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, a posttranscriptional modification. This chemical modification affects neuronal development and functions at multiple levels, leading to normal brain homeostasis by increasing the complexity of the transcriptome. This includes modulation of the properties of ion channel and neurotransmitter receptors by recoding, redirection of miRNA targets by changing sequence complementarity, and suppression of immune response by altering RNA structure. Therefore, from another perspective, it appears that the brain is highly vulnerable to dysregulation of A-to-I RNA editing. Here, we focus on how aberrant A-to-I RNA editing is involved in neurological and neurodegenerative diseases of humans including epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, psychiatric disorders, developmental disorders, brain tumors, and encephalopathy caused by autoimmunity. In addition, we provide information regarding animal models to better understand the mechanisms behind disease phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Costa Cruz
- Department of RNA Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukio Kawahara
- Department of RNA Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
The type I interferonopathies comprise a heterogenous group of monogenic diseases associated with a constitutive activation of type I interferon signaling.The elucidation of the genetic causes of this group of diseases revealed an alteration of nucleic acid processing and signaling.ADAR1 is among the genes found mutated in patients with this type of disorders.This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosines in inosines within a double-stranded RNA target (RNA editing of A to I). This RNA modification is widespread in human cells and deregulated in a variety of human diseases, ranging from cancers to neurological abnormalities.In this review, we briefly summarize the knowledge about the RNA editing alterations occurring in patients with mutations in ADAR1 gene and how these alterations might cause the inappropriate IFN activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Frassinelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Galardi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Anna Ciafrè
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Michienzi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Erdmann EA, Mahapatra A, Mukherjee P, Yang B, Hundley HA. To protect and modify double-stranded RNA - the critical roles of ADARs in development, immunity and oncogenesis. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 56:54-87. [PMID: 33356612 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1856768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) are present in all animals and function to both bind double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and catalyze the deamination of adenosine (A) to inosine (I). As inosine is a biological mimic of guanosine, deamination by ADARs changes the genetic information in the RNA sequence and is commonly referred to as RNA editing. Millions of A-to-I editing events have been reported for metazoan transcriptomes, indicating that RNA editing is a widespread mechanism used to generate molecular and phenotypic diversity. Loss of ADARs results in lethality in mice and behavioral phenotypes in worm and fly model systems. Furthermore, alterations in RNA editing occur in over 35 human pathologies, including several neurological disorders, metabolic diseases, and cancers. In this review, a basic introduction to ADAR structure and target recognition will be provided before summarizing how ADARs affect the fate of cellular RNAs and how researchers are using this knowledge to engineer ADARs for personalized medicine. In addition, we will highlight the important roles of ADARs and RNA editing in innate immunity and cancer biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Erdmann
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Priyanka Mukherjee
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Boyoon Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Heather A Hundley
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Acquired brachial cutaneous dyschromatosis (ABCD) is a relatively newly described, acquired disorder of pigmentation characterized by geographic-shaped, gray-brown, hyperpigmented patches and interspersed with hypopigmented macules, involving the dorsal aspects of the forearms in postmenopausal women. There is a suggested relationship with hypertension and antihypertensive medication intake, specifically angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or a cumulative effect of sun damage, as possible triggers. ABCD is benign, asymptomatic, and more of an esthetic concern. Topical depigmenting agents, chemical peels, and laser therapy may be helpful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franco Rongioletti
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Atzori
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Caterina Ferreli
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Suganuma M, Kono M, Yamanaka M, Akiyama M. Pathogenesis of a variant in the 5′ untranslated region of ADAR1 in dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 33:591-600. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mutsumi Suganuma
- Department of Dermatology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Michihiro Kono
- Department of Dermatology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | | | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gacem N, Kavo A, Zerad L, Richard L, Mathis S, Kapur RP, Parisot M, Amiel J, Dufour S, de la Grange P, Pingault V, Vallat JM, Bondurand N. ADAR1 mediated regulation of neural crest derived melanocytes and Schwann cell development. Nat Commun 2020; 11:198. [PMID: 31924792 PMCID: PMC6954203 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural crest gives rise to numerous cell types, dysfunction of which contributes to many disorders. Here, we report that adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR1), responsible for adenosine-to-inosine editing of RNA, is required for regulating the development of two neural crest derivatives: melanocytes and Schwann cells. Neural crest specific conditional deletion of Adar1 in mice leads to global depigmentation and absence of myelin from peripheral nerves, resulting from alterations in melanocyte survival and differentiation of Schwann cells, respectively. Upregulation of interferon stimulated genes precedes these defects, which are associated with the triggering of a signature resembling response to injury in peripheral nerves. Simultaneous extinction of MDA5, a key sensor of unedited RNA, rescues both melanocytes and myelin defects in vitro, suggesting that ADAR1 safeguards neural crest derivatives from aberrant MDA5-mediated interferon production. We thus extend the landscape of ADAR1 function to the fields of neural crest development and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadjet Gacem
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformation, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Universite Paris Descartes-Universite de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM, U955, Equipe 06, 8, rue du General Sarrail, 94010, Creteil Cedex, France
| | - Anthula Kavo
- INSERM, U955, Equipe 06, 8, rue du General Sarrail, 94010, Creteil Cedex, France.,Faculte de Medecine, Universite Paris Est, 94000, Creteil, France
| | - Lisa Zerad
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformation, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Universite Paris Descartes-Universite de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Richard
- Department of Neurology, Centre de Reference Neuropathies Peripheriques Rares, 2 avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87042, Limoges, France
| | - Stephane Mathis
- Department of Neurology (Nerve-Muscle Unit) and Grand Sud-Ouest National Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, CHU Bordeaux, Pellegrin Hospital, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Raj P Kapur
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Melanie Parisot
- Genomics Core Facility, Institut Imagine-Structure Federative de Recherche Necker, INSERM U1163 and INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, 24 bvd Montparnasse, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformation, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Universite Paris Descartes-Universite de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- INSERM, U955, Equipe 06, 8, rue du General Sarrail, 94010, Creteil Cedex, France.,Faculte de Medecine, Universite Paris Est, 94000, Creteil, France
| | | | - Veronique Pingault
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformation, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Universite Paris Descartes-Universite de Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Genetique Moleculaire, Hopital Necker-Enfants-Malades, 149 rue de Sevres, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Jean Michel Vallat
- Department of Neurology, Centre de Reference Neuropathies Peripheriques Rares, 2 avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87042, Limoges, France
| | - Nadege Bondurand
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformation, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Universite Paris Descartes-Universite de Paris, Paris, France. .,INSERM, U955, Equipe 06, 8, rue du General Sarrail, 94010, Creteil Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang P, Yu S, Liu J, Zhang D, Kang X. Seven novel mutations of ADAR in multi-ethnic pedigrees with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria in China. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00905. [PMID: 31423758 PMCID: PMC6785447 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH;OMIM: #127400) is a rare autosomal dominant skin disease of hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules on the dorsal aspects of the feet and hands. The adenosine deaminase RNA‐Specific (ADAR;OMIM: *146920) gene was identified as causing DSH. Although more than 200 mutations are reported, no research has included the pedigrees of ethnic minorities in China. To investigate clinical features and genetic factors among multi‐ethnic families, seven multi‐ethnic pedigrees with DSH were collected for analysis of hereditary characteristics and ADAR mutations. Methods All 15 exons and exon–intron sequences of the ADAR gene were amplified and Sanger sequenced from 25 patients and 36 normal controls from seven multi‐ethnic DSH families with 100 healthy normal controls. Seven mutations were analyzed by Polyphen 2, SIFT and Provean. All mutations in ADAR with DSH were reviewed and genetic and clinical features were summarized for analysis. The ADEAMc domain may be a hot spot of ADAR mutations among patients with DSH. Results Seven novel mutations were identified in seven multi‐ethnic pedigrees: c.497delA(p.Arg105fs), c.3352C>T(p.Gln1058*) and c.3722delT(p.Ser1181fs) were found in three Uygur families with DSH; c.1330A>G(p.Val332Met) and c.2702A>T(p.His841Leu) were found in two Kazakh pedigrees and c.1176G>A(p.Lys326Glu) and c.2861G>A(p.Arg892His) in two Hui pedigrees. We summarized 203 different mutations of ADAR from people with DSH. Conclusions Seven novel mutations were identified in seven multi‐ethnic families with DSH. Our study expands the genetic spectrum of ADAR mutations in DSH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Shirong Yu
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Jianyong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Dezhi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaojing Kang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Herbert A. ADAR and Immune Silencing in Cancer. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:272-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
20
|
Tonduti D, Izzo G, D'Arrigo S, Riva D, Moroni I, Zorzi G, Cavallera V, Pichiecchio A, Uggetti C, Veggiotti P, Orcesi S, Chiapparini L, Parazzini C. Spontaneous MRI improvement and absence of cerebral calcification in Aicardi-Goutières syndrome: Diagnostic and disease-monitoring implications. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 126:489-494. [PMID: 30826161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a rare genetic leukoencephalopathy related to inappropriate activation of type I interferon. Neuroradiological findings are typically characterized by white matter abnormalities, cerebral atrophy and cerebral calcification. The disease usually manifests itself during the first year of life in the form of an initial "encephalitic-like" phase followed by a chronic phase of stabilization of the neurological signs. Recently new therapeutic strategies have been proposed aimed at blocking the abnormal activation of the interferon cascade. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed clinical and MRI findings in three young RNASEH2B-mutated patients studied with serial CT and MRI studies. RESULTS All three patients presented clinical and MRI features consistent with AGS but, very unexpectedly, an improving neuroradiological course. In patient 1, the MRI improvement was noted some months after treatment with high-dose steroid and IVIg treatment; in patients 2 and 3 it occurred spontaneously. Patient 2 did not show cerebral calcification on CT images. CONCLUSIONS Our series highlights the possibility of spontaneous neuroradiological improvement in AGS2 patients, as well as the possibility of absence of cerebral calcification in AGS. The study underlines the need for extreme caution when using MRI as an outcome measure in therapeutic trials specific for this disease. MRI follow-up studies in larger series are necessary to describe the natural course of AGS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Tonduti
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giana Izzo
- Department of Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano D'Arrigo
- Child Neurology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Daria Riva
- Child Neurology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Moroni
- Child Neurology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Zorzi
- Child Neurology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Vanessa Cavallera
- Child and Adolescent Neurology Department, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Pichiecchio
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carla Uggetti
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Radiology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Veggiotti
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy; Biomedical and Clinical Science Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Orcesi
- Child and Adolescent Neurology Department, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luisa Chiapparini
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Parazzini
- Department of Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kono M, Akiyama M. Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria and reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura: An update. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 93:75-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
22
|
Sase S, Takanohashi A, Vanderver A, Almad A. Astrocytes, an active player in Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. Brain Pathol 2019; 28:399-407. [PMID: 29740948 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is an early-onset, autoimmune and genetically heterogeneous disorder with severe neurologic injury. Molecular studies have established that autosomal recessive mutations in one of the following genes are causative: TREX1, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, SAMHD1, ADAR1 and IFIH1/MDA5. The phenotypic presentation and pathophysiology of AGS is associated with over-production of the cytokine Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) and its downstream signaling, characterized as type I interferonopathy. Astrocytes are one of the major source of IFN in the central nervous system (CNS) and it is proposed that they could be key players in AGS pathology. Astrocytes are the most ubiquitous glial cell in the CNS and perform a number of crucial and complex functions ranging from formation of blood-brain barrier, maintaining ionic homeostasis, metabolic support to synapse formation and elimination in healthy CNS. Involvement of astrocytic dysfunction in neurological diseases-Alexander's disease, Epilepsy, Alzheimer's and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-has been well-established. It is now known that compromised astrocytic function can contribute to CNS abnormalities and severe neurodegeneration, nevertheless, its contribution in AGS is unclear. The current review discusses known molecular and cellular pathways for AGS mutations and how it stimulates IFN-α signaling. We shed light on how astrocytes might be key players in the phenotypic presentations of AGS and emphasize the cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous role of astrocytes. Understanding the contribution of astrocytes will help reveal mechanisms underlying interferonopathy and develop targeted astrocyte specific therapeutic treatments in AGS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunetra Sase
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Asako Takanohashi
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Akshata Almad
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Baal N, Cunningham S, Obermann HL, Thomas J, Lippitsch A, Dietert K, Gruber AD, Kaufmann A, Michel G, Nist A, Stiewe T, Rupp O, Goesmann A, Zukunft S, Fleming I, Bein G, Lohmeyer J, Bauer S, Hackstein H. ADAR1 Is Required for Dendritic Cell Subset Homeostasis and Alveolar Macrophage Function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1099-1111. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
24
|
Kobayashi T, Kono M, Suganuma M, Akita H, Takai A, Tsutsui K, Inasaka Y, Takeichi T, Muro Y, Akiyama M. Analysis of genotype/phenotype correlations in Japanese patients with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2018; 80:267-277. [PMID: 29915444 PMCID: PMC5995736 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.80.2.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) is one of the genetic pigmentation disorders and shows characteristic mixture of hyper- and hypo-pigmented small macules on the extremities. Heterozygous mutations in the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA1 gene (ADAR1) cause DSH. In the present study, we report five cases of DSH and identify a distinct known mutation in each patient. Furthermore, we review previously described cases with the five ADAR1 mutations found in the present study. We reviewed clinical and molecular findings in the present and previously reported cases and found an identical mutation can result in various phenotypic severities, even in one family. We found novel phenotype-genotype correlations between the presence/absence of facial lesions and the ADAR1 mutation c.3286C>T. The absence of freckle-like macules in the face was found to be more commonly associated with the mutation c.3286C>T than with the other 4 ADAR1 mutations (odds ratio = 0.056 [95% CI: 0.007–0.47, p < 0.005]). We objectively evaluated the severity of skin manifestations in the extremities using our definition of severity levels for such manifestations. This is the first semi-quantitative evaluation of skin manifestations in DSH. Using our definition, we found that patients with facial lesions with or without hypopigmented macules tend to show more severe symptoms on the extremities than patients without facials lesions show. Furthermore, no significant difference in the severity of the skin lesions was observed between the upper and the lower extremities, suggesting that sun exposure does not affect significantly the pathogenesis of DSH skin lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kobayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kono
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Suganuma
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Akita
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Ayaka Takai
- Department of Dermatology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Tsutsui
- Division of Dermatology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yu Inasaka
- Division of Dermatology, Aichi Koseiren Konan Kosei Hospital, Konan, Japan
| | - Takuya Takeichi
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Muro
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
A novel missense mutation of ADAR1 gene in a Chinese family leading to dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria and literature review. J Genet 2018; 96:1021-1026. [PMID: 29321362 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-017-0873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) is a rare autosomal dominant pigmentary genodermatosis, which is characterized by a mixture of hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules on the dorsal of the hands and feet, and on the face presented like freckle. Identification of RNA-specific adenosine deaminase 1 (ADAR1) gene results in DSH. This study was mainly to explore the pathogenic mutation of ADAR1 gene and provide genetics counselling and prenatal diagnostic testing for childbearing individuals.Mutational analysis of ADAR1 gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoretic separation of PCR products by 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis. The coding exons and intron/exon flanking regions followed by bidirectional sequencing was performed on all participants. In this study, we found that a 28 year-old male patient harbouring a deleterious substitution of Leu1052Pro in the ADAR1 gene in a typical DSH family. His mother suffered from the DSH also owns the same mutation. This mutation, however, is not identified in the unaffected members in this family and those 200 normal controls. In summary, this new mutation Leu1052Pro reported here is pathogenic and detrimental for DSH. Our finding not only enriches mutation database and contributes to dissecting further the correlation between mutation position and phenotypical features of DSH, but also provides genetics counselling and prenatal diagnostic testing for childbearing couple.
Collapse
|
26
|
Tang ZL, Wang S, Tu C, Wang T, Ma CW, Liu Y, Xiao SX, Wang XP. Eight Novel Mutations of the ADAR1 Gene in Chinese Patients with Dyschromatosis Symmetrica Hereditaria. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2017; 22:104-108. [PMID: 29185800 PMCID: PMC5806071 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To identify potential novel gene mutations in Chinese patients with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH). METHODS We enrolled 8 Chinese patients with familial DSH, 5 Chinese patients with sporadic DSH, and 100 randomly selected healthy individuals in this study. The genome of each participant was extracted from peripheral blood samples. Sanger sequencing of the ADAR1 gene was performed after polymerase chain reaction amplifications. Comparisons between the DNA sequences of the affected individuals and the NCBI database were performed. RESULTS We detected eight novel heterozygous mutations and five previously reported mutations in the ADAR1 gene in our patients. The novel mutations include c.1934 + 3A>G, c.2749A>G, c.2311insA, c.3233G>A, c.3019 + 1G>T, c.2894C>A, c.1202_1205del, and c.2280C>A. These detected novel mutations are predicted to induce two frame-shift mutations, one nonsense mutation, three missense mutations, and two splice-site mutations. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study expand our knowledge of the range of ADAR1 gene mutations in DSH and will contribute to identifying correlations between the various DSH phenotypes and genotypes. Furthermore, they may provide insight into the underlying pathogenic mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang-Li Tang
- 1 Department of Dermatology and Venereology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wang
- 1 Department of Dermatology and Venereology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Tu
- 1 Department of Dermatology and Venereology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Wang
- 1 Department of Dermatology and Venereology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Wen Ma
- 2 Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- 1 Department of Dermatology and Venereology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Xiang Xiao
- 1 Department of Dermatology and Venereology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Peng Wang
- 1 Department of Dermatology and Venereology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Clinical and Genetic Review of Hereditary Acral Reticulate Pigmentary Disorders. Dermatol Res Pract 2017; 2017:3518568. [PMID: 29201043 PMCID: PMC5672609 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3518568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reticulated pigmentation is a unique pigmentary change caused by a heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders. This pigmentation is characterized by a mottled appearance, with lesions that vary in size and pigmentary content. This review discusses the hereditary group of the reticulated pigmentation disorders, such as dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria, dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria, and reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura. The clinical presentation and histopathological features often overlap, making diagnosis difficult. However, each of these hereditary conditions possesses a unique genetic mutation, and genetic analysis is thus more useful in the diagnosis of these conditions. This article delivers an update regarding the clinical features, detailed histopathological description, and genetic information concerning hereditary reticulate pigmentary disorders and aims to provide useful background for use by clinical dermatologists and histopathologists when approaching this group of hereditary disorders.
Collapse
|
28
|
Petre J, Lasseaux E, Ged C, Arveiler B, Taïeb A, Morice-Picard F. ADAR1splicing mutation leading to dyschromatosis hereditaria in a Caucasian patient. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 32:e79-e80. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Petre
- CHU de Bordeaux; Service de Dermatologie; Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la Peau Bordeaux; F-33076 France
| | - E. Lasseaux
- CHU de Bordeaux; Service de Génétique Médicale; Bordeaux F-33076 France
| | - C. Ged
- CHU de Bordeaux; Service de Dermatologie; Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la Peau Bordeaux; F-33076 France
- CHU de Bordeaux; Service de Biochimie; Bordeaux F-33076 France
| | - B. Arveiler
- CHU de Bordeaux; Service de Génétique Médicale; Bordeaux F-33076 France
| | - A. Taïeb
- CHU de Bordeaux; Service de Dermatologie; Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la Peau Bordeaux; F-33076 France
| | - F. Morice-Picard
- CHU de Bordeaux; Service de Dermatologie; Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la Peau Bordeaux; F-33076 France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Anantharaman A, Gholamalamdari O, Khan A, Yoon JH, Jantsch MF, Hartner JC, Gorospe M, Prasanth SG, Prasanth KV. RNA-editing enzymes ADAR1 and ADAR2 coordinately regulate the editing and expression of Ctn RNA. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:2890-2904. [PMID: 28833069 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) are proteins that catalyse widespread A-to-I editing within RNA sequences. We recently reported that ADAR2 edits and stabilizes nuclear-retained Cat2 transcribed nuclear RNA (Ctn RNA). Here, we report that ADAR1 coordinates with ADAR2 to regulate editing and stability of Ctn RNA. We observe an RNA-dependent interaction between ADAR1 and ADAR2. Furthermore, ADAR1 negatively regulates interaction of Ctn RNA with RNA-destabilizing proteins. We also show that breast cancer (BC) cells display elevated ADAR1 but not ADAR2 levels, compared to nontumourigenic cells. Additionally, BC patients with elevated levels of ADAR1 show low survival. Our findings provide insights into overlapping substrate preferences of ADARs and potential involvement of ADAR1 in BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Anantharaman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Omid Gholamalamdari
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Abid Khan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Je-Hyun Yoon
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute of Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael F Jantsch
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute of Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Supriya G Prasanth
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Kannanganattu V Prasanth
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Dutta
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, North Bengal Medical College, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sudip Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprosy, R. G. Kar Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sagar Basu
- Department of Neurology, KPC Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Mandal
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprosy, North Bengal Medical College, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rice GI, Kitabayashi N, Barth M, Briggs TA, Burton AC, Carpanelli ML, Cerisola AM, Colson C, Dale RC, Danti FR, Darin N, De Azua B, De Giorgis V, De Goede CGL, Desguerre I, De Laet C, Eslahi A, Fahey MC, Fallon P, Fay A, Fazzi E, Gorman MP, Gowrinathan NR, Hully M, Kurian MA, Leboucq N, Lin JPSM, Lines MA, Mar SS, Maroofian R, Martí-Sanchez L, McCullagh G, Mojarrad M, Narayanan V, Orcesi S, Ortigoza-Escobar JD, Pérez-Dueñas B, Petit F, Ramsey KM, Rasmussen M, Rivier F, Rodríguez-Pombo P, Roubertie A, Stödberg TI, Toosi MB, Toutain A, Uettwiller F, Ulrick N, Vanderver A, Waldman A, Livingston JH, Crow YJ. Genetic, Phenotypic, and Interferon Biomarker Status in ADAR1-Related Neurological Disease. Neuropediatrics 2017; 48:166-184. [PMID: 28561207 PMCID: PMC5985975 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the genetic, phenotypic, and interferon status of 46 patients from 37 families with neurological disease due to mutations in ADAR1. The clinicoradiological phenotype encompassed a spectrum of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, isolated bilateral striatal necrosis, spastic paraparesis with normal neuroimaging, a progressive spastic dystonic motor disorder, and adult-onset psychological difficulties with intracranial calcification. Homozygous missense mutations were recorded in five families. We observed a p.Pro193Ala variant in the heterozygous state in 22 of 23 families with compound heterozygous mutations. We also ascertained 11 cases from nine families with a p.Gly1007Arg dominant-negative mutation, which occurred de novo in four patients, and was inherited in three families in association with marked phenotypic variability. In 50 of 52 samples from 34 patients, we identified a marked upregulation of type I interferon-stimulated gene transcripts in peripheral blood, with a median interferon score of 16.99 (interquartile range [IQR]: 10.64-25.71) compared with controls (median: 0.93, IQR: 0.57-1.30). Thus, mutations in ADAR1 are associated with a variety of clinically distinct neurological phenotypes presenting from early infancy to adulthood, inherited either as an autosomal recessive or dominant trait. Testing for an interferon signature in blood represents a useful biomarker in this context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian I. Rice
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Manchester Academic
Health Science Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine
and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Naoki Kitabayashi
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, INSERM UMR 1163,
Paris, France,Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Institut Imagine, Hôpital
Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris
Descartes University, Paris, France
| | | | - Tracy A. Briggs
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Manchester Academic
Health Science Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine
and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom,Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester
University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science
Centre, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Annabel C.E. Burton
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, St George’s
University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alfredo M. Cerisola
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Facultad de Medicina, UDELAR,
Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cindy Colson
- Clinique de Génétique, Hôpital Jeanne de
Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Russell C. Dale
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children’s
Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Federica Rachele Danti
- Department of Developmental Neurosciences, Institute of Child
Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom,Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London,
United Kingdom,Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza
University, Rome, Italy
| | - Niklas Darin
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences,
Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Begoña De Azua
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Son Llátzer, Palma de
Mallorca, Spain
| | - Valentina De Giorgis
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, C. Mondino National
Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Isabelle Desguerre
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants
Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Corinne De Laet
- Nutrition and metabolic Unit, Hôpital Universitaire des
Enfants Reine Fabiola, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Atieh Eslahi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad
University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Michael C. Fahey
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne,
Australia
| | - Penny Fallon
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, St George’s University
Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Fay
- Department of Neurology, University of California, California, San
Francisco, United States
| | - Elisa Fazzi
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and
Experimental Sciences, Civil Hospital, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mark P. Gorman
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital,
Boston, United States
| | | | - Marie Hully
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants
Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Manju A. Kurian
- Department of Developmental Neurosciences, Institute of Child
Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom,Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London,
United Kingdom
| | | | - Jean-Pierre S-M Lin
- General Neurology and Complex Motor Disorders Service, Evelina
Children’s Hospital, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation
Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Soe S. Mar
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, St. Louis Children’s
Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Medical Research, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Exeter Medical
School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Martí-Sanchez
- Department of Child Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu,
Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gary McCullagh
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Royal Manchester
Children’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad
University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vinodh Narayanan
- Neurogenomics Division, Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, TGen
–The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, United States
| | - Simona Orcesi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, C. Mondino National
Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Belén Pérez-Dueñas
- Department of Child Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu,
Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Florence Petit
- Clinique de Génétique, Hôpital Jeanne de
Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Keri M. Ramsey
- Neurogenomics Division, Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, TGen
–The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, United States
| | - Magnhild Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences for Children, and Unit for
Congenital and Hereditary Neuromuscular Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo,
Norway
| | - François Rivier
- Department of Neuropédiatrie and CR Maladies
Neuromusculaires, CHU de Montpellier, France,PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214,
Montpellier, France
| | - Pilar Rodríguez-Pombo
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro
de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma Madrid,
CIBERER, IDIPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agathe Roubertie
- Department of Neuropédiatrie and CR Maladies
Neuromusculaires, CHU de Montpellier, France,INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier,
Montpellier, France
| | - Tommy I. Stödberg
- Neuropediatric Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm,
Sweden
| | - Mehran Beiraghi Toosi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ghaem Medical Center, School of
Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Florence Uettwiller
- Pediatric Immunology-Hematology and Rheumatology Unit, Institut
Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance
Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France,Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, CHRU Tours,
Tours, France
| | - Nicole Ulrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Amy Waldman
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - John H. Livingston
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds,
United Kingdom
| | - Yanick J. Crow
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Manchester Academic
Health Science Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine
and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom,Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, INSERM UMR 1163,
Paris, France,Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Institut Imagine, Hôpital
Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris
Descartes University, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang SD, Feng SJ, Nh-Tseung K, Zhao JJ. Pathogenicity of ADAR1 mutation in a Chinese family with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31:e483-e484. [PMID: 28502085 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S-D Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Fuding Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuding, Fujian, China
| | - S-J Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - K Nh-Tseung
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - J-J Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Al-Saif F, Alhumidi A, Alhallaf RA. Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria with cutaneous lupus erythematosus and hyperthyroidism. Int Med Case Rep J 2017; 10:149-152. [PMID: 28496371 PMCID: PMC5422500 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s132489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by various sizes of both hyper- and hypopigmented macules arranged in reticulated patterns on the face and the dorsal aspects of the extremities. There are also cutaneous and extracutaneous abnormalities, but they are rare. As far as we know, DSH associated with immune-mediated conditions has not been reported. We report the first case of DSH, which is associated with cutaneous lupus erythematosus and hyperthyroidism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Alhumidi
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Functions of the RNA Editing Enzyme ADAR1 and Their Relevance to Human Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7120129. [PMID: 27999332 PMCID: PMC5192505 DOI: 10.3390/genes7120129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) convert adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Among the three types of mammalian ADARs, ADAR1 has long been recognized as an essential enzyme for normal development. The interferon-inducible ADAR1p150 is involved in immune responses to both exogenous and endogenous triggers, whereas the functions of the constitutively expressed ADAR1p110 are variable. Recent findings that ADAR1 is involved in the recognition of self versus non-self dsRNA provide potential explanations for its links to hematopoiesis, type I interferonopathies, and viral infections. Editing in both coding and noncoding sequences results in diseases ranging from cancers to neurological abnormalities. Furthermore, editing of noncoding sequences, like microRNAs, can regulate protein expression, while editing of Alu sequences can affect translational efficiency and editing of proximal sequences. Novel identifications of long noncoding RNA and retrotransposons as editing targets further expand the effects of A-to-I editing. Besides editing, ADAR1 also interacts with other dsRNA-binding proteins in editing-independent manners. Elucidating the disease-specific patterns of editing and/or ADAR1 expression may be useful in making diagnoses and prognoses. In this review, we relate the mechanisms of ADAR1′s actions to its pathological implications, and suggest possible mechanisms for the unexplained associations between ADAR1 and human diseases.
Collapse
|
35
|
Fisher AJ, Beal PA. Effects of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome mutations predicted from ADAR-RNA structures. RNA Biol 2016; 14:164-170. [PMID: 27937139 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1267097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine (A) to inosine (I) RNA editing is important for life in metazoan organisms. Dysregulation or mutations that compromise the efficacy of A to I editing results in neurological disorders and a shorten life span. These reactions are catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs), which hydrolytically deaminate adenosines in regions of duplex RNA. Because inosine mimics guanosine in hydrogen bonding, this prolific RNA editing alters the sequence and structural information in the RNA landscape. Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a severe childhood autoimmune disease that is one of a broader set of inherited disorders characterized by constitutive upregulation of type I interferon (IFN) referred to as type I interferonopathies. AGS is caused by mutations in multiple genes whose protein products, including ADAR1, are all involved in nucleic acid metabolism or sensing. The recent crystal structures of human ADAR2 deaminase domain complexed with duplex RNA substrates enabled modeling of how AGS causing mutations may influence RNA binding and catalysis. The mutations can be broadly characterized into three groups; mutations on RNA-binding loops that directly affect RNA binding, "second-layer" mutations that can alter the disposition of RNA-binding loops, and mutations that can alter the position of an α-helix bearing an essential catalytic residue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Fisher
- a Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , CA , USA.,b Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology , University of California , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Peter A Beal
- a Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ansai O, Shigehara Y, Ito A, Abe R, Shimomura Y. A novel splice site mutation in the ADAR gene leading to exon skipping and dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria in a Japanese patient. Clin Exp Dermatol 2016; 41:933-934. [PMID: 27747905 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Ansai
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Y Shigehara
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - A Ito
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - R Abe
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Y Shimomura
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
A novel mutation of the RNA-specific adenosine deaminase 1 gene in a Taiwanese patient with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria and Becker's nevus-like lesion. DERMATOL SIN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dsi.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
38
|
Lv Y, Zhao Y, Xu XG, Jiang HK, Liu CX. Novel mutations of the ADAR1 gene in two Chinese families with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria. Int J Dermatol 2016; 55:e565-8. [PMID: 27230815 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lv
- Liaoning Centre for Prenatal Diagnosis, Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Genetics Unit, Shenyang Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xue-Gang Xu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hong-Kun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Cai-Xia Liu
- Liaoning Centre for Prenatal Diagnosis, Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China. ,
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Maderal A, Miteva M. SnapshotDx Quiz: April 2016. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:e39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
40
|
Pestal K, Funk CC, Snyder JM, Price ND, Treuting PM, Stetson DB. Isoforms of RNA-Editing Enzyme ADAR1 Independently Control Nucleic Acid Sensor MDA5-Driven Autoimmunity and Multi-organ Development. Immunity 2016; 43:933-44. [PMID: 26588779 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in ADAR, which encodes the ADAR1 RNA-editing enzyme, cause Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS), a severe autoimmune disease associated with an aberrant type I interferon response. How ADAR1 prevents autoimmunity remains incompletely defined. Here, we demonstrate that ADAR1 is a specific and essential negative regulator of the MDA5-MAVS RNA sensing pathway. Moreover, we uncovered a MDA5-MAVS-independent function for ADAR1 in the development of multiple organs. We showed that the p150 isoform of ADAR1 uniquely regulated the MDA5 pathway, whereas both the p150 and p110 isoforms contributed to development. Abrupt deletion of ADAR1 in adult mice revealed that both of these functions were required throughout life. Our findings delineate genetically separable roles for both ADAR1 isoforms in vivo, with implications for the human diseases caused by ADAR mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Pestal
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cory C Funk
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jessica M Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Piper M Treuting
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Daniel B Stetson
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang G, Shao M, Li Z, Gu Y, Du X, Wang X, Li M. Genetic spectrum of dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria in Chinese patients including a novel nonstop mutation in ADAR1 gene. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 17:14. [PMID: 26892242 PMCID: PMC4759768 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-015-0255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) is a rare autosomal dominant cutaneous disorder caused by the mutations of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA1 (ADAR1) gene. We present a clinical and genetic study of seven unrelated families and two sporadic cases with DSH for mutations in the full coding sequence of ADAR1 gene. Methods ADAR1 gene was sequenced in seven unrelated families and two sporadic cases with DSH and 120 controls. Functional significance of the observed ADAR1 mutations was analyzed using PolyPhen 2, SIFT and DDIG-in. Results We describe six novel mutations of the ADAR1 gene in Chinese patients with DSH including a nonstop mutation p.Stop1227R, which was firstly reported in ADAR1 gene. In silico analysis proves that all the mutations reported here are pathogenic. Conclusion This study is useful for functional studies of the protein and to define a diagnostic strategy for mutation screening of the ADAR1 gene. A three-generation family exhibiting phenotypic variability with a single germline ADAR1 mutation suggests that chilblain might aggravate the clinical phenotypes of DSH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guolong Zhang
- Department of Phototherapy at Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital & Institute of Photomedicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1278, Baode Road, Shanghai, 200443, China.
| | - Minhua Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - Zhixiu Li
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - Xufeng Du
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Phototherapy at Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital & Institute of Photomedicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1278, Baode Road, Shanghai, 200443, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhang J, Cheng R, Liang J, Ni C, Li M, Yao Z. Lentiginous phenotypes caused by diverse pathogenic genes (SASH1 and PTPN11): clinical and molecular discrimination. Clin Genet 2016; 90:372-7. [PMID: 27659786 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic mutations in genes (SASH1 and PTPN11) can cause a rare genetic disorder associated with pigmentation defects and the well-known LEOPARD syndrome, respectively. Both conditions presented with lentiginous phenotypes. The aim of this study was to arrive at definite diagnoses of three Chinese boys with clinically suspected lentigines-related syndromes. ADAR1, ABCB6, SASH1 and PTPN11 were candidate genes for mutational screening. Sanger sequencing was performed to identify the mutations, whereas bioinformatic analysis was used to predict the pathogenicity of novel missense mutations. Two novel mutations c.1537A>C (p.Ser513Arg) and 1527_1530dupAAGT (p.Leu511Lysfs*21) in SASH1 and a common p.Thr468Met mutation in PTPN11 were detected in three pediatric patients with lentiginous phenotypes, respectively. Comparisons between clinical presentations showed that SASH1-related phenotypes can exhibit hyper- and hypopigmentation on the trunk and extremities, similar to dyschromatosis, while scattered café au-lait spots usually appeared in PTPN11-related LEOPARD syndrome. Furthermore, the similarity in the clinical presentations of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Laugier-Hunziker syndrome, xeroderma pigmentosum, neurofibromatosis type I, suggesting that these conditions should be added into the differential diagnoses of lentiginous phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - R Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - C Ni
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - M Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Z Yao
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Okada S, Sakurai M, Ueda H, Suzuki T. Biochemical and Transcriptome-Wide Identification of A-to-I RNA Editing Sites by ICE-Seq. Methods Enzymol 2015; 560:331-53. [PMID: 26253977 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inosine (I) is a modified adenosine (A) in RNA. In Metazoa, I is generated by hydrolytic deamination of A, catalyzed by adenosine deaminase acting RNA (ADAR) in a process called A-to-I RNA editing. A-to-I RNA editing affects various biological processes by modulating gene expression. In addition, dysregulation of A-to-I RNA editing results in pathological consequences. I on RNA strands is converted to guanosine (G) during cDNA synthesis by reverse transcription. Thus, the conventional method used to identify A-to-I RNA editing sites compares cDNA sequences with their corresponding genomic sequences. Combined with deep sequencing, this method has been applied to transcriptome-wide screening of A-to-I RNA editing sites. This approach, however, produces a large number of false positives mainly owing to mapping errors. To address this issue, we developed a biochemical method called inosine chemical erasing (ICE) to reliably identify genuine A-to-I RNA editing sites. In addition, we applied the ICE method combined with RNA-seq, referred to as ICE-seq, to identify transcriptome-wide A-to-I RNA editing sites. In this chapter, we describe the detailed protocol for ICE-seq, which can be applied to various sources and taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunpei Okada
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ueda
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Okamura K, Abe Y, Fukai K, Tsuruta D, Suga Y, Nakamura M, Funasaka Y, Oka M, Suzuki N, Wataya-Kaneda M, Seishima M, Hozumi Y, Kawaguchi M, Suzuki T. Mutation analyses of patients with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria: Ten novel mutations of the ADAR1 gene. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 79:88-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
45
|
Xu XG, Lv Y, Zhai JL, Li YH, Gao XH, Chen HD. Two novel mutations of the ADAR1 gene in Chinese patients with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria successfully treated with fractional CO2 laser. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 30:1035-8. [PMID: 25763870 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X G Xu
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Y Lv
- Liaoning Centre for Prenatal Diagnosis, Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - J L Zhai
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Y H Li
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - X H Gao
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - H D Chen
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tohda M. Serotonin 2C receptor as a superhero: diversities and talents in the RNA universe for editing, variant, small RNA and other expected functional RNAs. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 126:321-8. [PMID: 25427431 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.14r06cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin 2C receptor subtype (5-HT2C) has a unique profession and continues to provide exciting and critical new information. The 5-HT2C is modulated at the RNA level by several mechanisms, including editing, short variant generation, and small RNAs. Recently, these phenomena, which had been demonstrated individually, were shown to be associated with each other. At present, many reports provide information about the influence of RNA regulation on receptor protein activities and expression, which was thought to be the final functional product. However, complicated behavior at the RNA stage allows us to imagine that the RNA itself has functional roles in the RNA universe. The 5-HT2C RNA may play several roles. This review will outline previous 5-HT2C studies and prospects for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michihisa Tohda
- Division of Medicinal Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, and Wakanyaku Theory-Based Integrated Pharmacology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wu YT, Chang JM. Segmental dyschromatosis with blue naevi and cherry angiomas: a new syndrome? Clin Exp Dermatol 2014; 39:819-21. [PMID: 25214406 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The dyschromatoses are a group of disorders characterized by the presence of both hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules, many of which are small in size and irregular in shape. Localized dyschromatosis is a rare manifestation of dyschromatosis. Localized dyschromatosis showing segmental distribution may be a result of degeneration of localized cutaneous nerves. We report a case of localized dyschromatosis, with segmental distribution, with co-occurrence of blue naevi and cherry angiomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y-T Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Li WW, Wu QY, Li N, Deng DQ, Zhang RS, Cui YX, Li XJ, Xia XY. A novel deletion mutation of the ADAR1 gene in a Chinese patient with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria. J Genet 2014; 93:523-5. [PMID: 25189252 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-014-0392-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Li
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wu QY, Li WW, Li N, Li TF, Zhang C, Ni T, Cui YX, Li XJ, Xia XY. A novel nonsense mutation of ADAR1 gene in a Chinese patient with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014; 28:1832-3. [PMID: 24673593 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q-Y Wu
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gaiewski CB, Zuneda Serafini S, Werner B, Deonizio JMD. Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria of late onset? Case Rep Dermatol Med 2014; 2014:639537. [PMID: 24826352 PMCID: PMC4006555 DOI: 10.1155/2014/639537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH), also known as reticulated acropigmentation of Dohi, is an autosomal dominant disease with high penetrance, characterized by hypo- and hyperpigmented macules of varying sizes on the dorsal of the extremities with reticulated pattern. This paper presents a female patient with typical dermatological lesions, but only diagnosed in adulthood. It is necessary to perform differential diagnosis with other pigmentary disorders. This entity is not very common in South America, and the vast majority of cases were described in Japanese population. Since it is a benign disease, it is important to be aware of this diagnosis in order to establish the correct conduct for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Betina Werner
- Pathology Department, Federal University of Parana, 80530-905 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|