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Oda M, Yamamoto H, Shibutani M, Nakano M, Yabiku K, Tarui T, Kameyama N, Shirakawa D, Obayashi S, Watanabe N, Nakase H, Suenaga M, Matsunaga Y, Nagahama M, Takahashi H, Imagawa H, Kurosawa M, Terao Y, Nishizawa M, Sakurai J. Vizantin inhibits endotoxin-mediated immune responses via the TLR 4/MD-2 complex. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:4507-14. [PMID: 25261480 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Vizantin has immunostimulating properties and anticancer activity. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of immune activation by vizantin. THP-1 cells treated with small interfering RNA for TLR-4 abolished vizantin-induced macrophage activation processes such as chemokine release. In addition, compared with wild-type mice, the release of MIP-1β induced by vizantin in vivo was significantly decreased in TLR-4 knockout mice, but not in TLR-2 knockout mice. Vizantin induced the release of IL-8 when HEK293T cells were transiently cotransfected with TLR-4 and MD-2, but not when they were transfected with TLR-4 or MD-2 alone or with TLR-2 or TLR-2/MD-2. A dipyrromethene boron difluoride-conjugated vizantin colocalized with TLR-4/MD-2, but not with TLR-4 or MD-2 alone. A pull-down assay with vizantin-coated magnetic beads showed that vizantin bound to TLR-4/MD-2 in extracts from HEK293T cells expressing both TLR-4 and MD-2. Furthermore, vizantin blocked the LPS-induced release of TNF-α and IL-1β and inhibited death in mice. We also performed in silico docking simulation analysis of vizantin and MD-2 based on the structure of MD-2 complexed with the LPS antagonist E5564; the results suggested that vizantin could bind to the active pocket of MD-2. Our observations show that vizantin specifically binds to the TLR-4/MD-2 complex and that the vizantin receptor is identical to the LPS receptor. We conclude that vizantin could be an effective adjuvant and a therapeutic agent in the treatment of infectious diseases and the endotoxin shock caused by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Oda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan; Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Functional Molecule, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shibutani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Mayo Nakano
- Department of Chemistry and Functional Molecule, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kenta Yabiku
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Takafumi Tarui
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Naoya Kameyama
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Daiki Shirakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Sumiyo Obayashi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Watanabe
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Midori Suenaga
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan; and
| | - Yoichi Matsunaga
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan; and
| | - Masahiro Nagahama
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Hironobu Takahashi
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Functional Molecule, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Mie Kurosawa
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Mugio Nishizawa
- Department of Chemistry and Functional Molecule, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Jun Sakurai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan;
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Koike Y, Yoo YC, Mitobe M, Oka T, Okuma K, Tono-oka S, Azuma I. Enhancing activity of mycobacterial cell-derived adjuvants on immunogenicity of recombinant human hepatitis B virus vaccine. Vaccine 1998; 16:1982-9. [PMID: 9796054 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we demonstrated that a lipophilic derivative of muramyl dipeptide [MDP-Lys(L18)] augmented antibody response to recombinant human hepatitis B surface antigen (rhHBsAg) when it was co-immunized with rhHBsAg solubilized in PBS. Here, we examined adjuvant activity of two bacterial cell-derived adjuvants such as Bacillus Calmette-Guérin cell wall skeleton (BCG-CWS) and trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (TDM), to enhance immunogenicity of rhHBsAg, comparing their activity with that of MDP-Lys(L18). In an animal model where mice were immunized subcutaneously (s.c.) with rhHBsAg (25 micrograms/mouse) admixed with 100 micrograms/mouse of BCG-CWS (Vac/BCG-CWS) or 50 micrograms/mouse of TDM (Vac/TDM) in o/w emulsion formulation, both mice immunized with Vac/BCG-CWS and Vac/TDM showed higher antibody titres to HB antigen than those of mice immunized with the recombinant vaccine alone. The activity of BCG-CWS and TDM to enhance antibody induction seemed to be almost the same with that of MDP-Lys(L18). Furthermore, the enhanced antibody response raised by these adjuvants was shown to be due to high titres of HB antigen-specific IgG1. In addition, the activity of these three adjuvants to enhance antibody response was shown to be higher than that of the present clinical vaccine, aluminium hydroxide-attached rhHBsAg (rhHBsAg-alum). In an analysis of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction where mice were immunized with rhHBsAg admixed with or without each adjuvant in o/w emulsion and followed by intrafootpad (i.f.) injection of rhHBsAg 4 weeks after immunization, mice immunized with Vac/BCG-CWS and Vac/TDM as well as Vac/MDP-Lys(L18) showed a significant increment of swelling reaction. These results suggest that BCG-CWS, TDM and MDP-Lys(L18) are potential adjuvants to enhance the immunogenicity of rhHBsAg to induce humoral and cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Koike
- Institute of Immunological Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Rohde D, Gastl G, Biesterfeld S, Plante M, Jakse G. Local expression of cytokines in rat bladder carcinoma tissue after intravesical treatment with Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton and bacille-Calmette-Guerin. UROLOGICAL RESEARCH 1997; 25:19-24. [PMID: 9079741 DOI: 10.1007/bf00941901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate local immunotherapy with Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (N-CWS) and bacille-Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in chemically induced rat bladder carcinoma. After being fed with 0.025% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine for 26 weeks, female Wistar rats were treated once a week by intravesical instillation of 100 microg N-CWS or 5 x 10(6) Colony-Forming Units (CFU) BCG. Tissue specimens were obtained 4 h after the ninth instillation and analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for mRNA expression of rat cytokines. The analysis showed high expression of interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-2, and interferon (IFN)-tau in BCG (7/7, 7/7, 7/7, 5/7) and N-CWS (9/9, 9/9, 8/9, 8/9) treated tumors in comparison to low expression in controls (3/9, 0/9, 3/9, 3/9). Interestingly, intravesical instillation of N-CWS tended to be less effective at preventing local invasion of the tumors. It is speculated that this difference may result from a more strongly induced expression of T-helper cell-derived lymphokines (IL-2, IFN-tau) by BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rohde
- Department of Urology, Technical University of Aachen, Medical Faculty, Germany
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Schultz N, Oratz R, Chen D, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Abeles G, Bystryn JC. Effect of DETOX as an adjuvant for melanoma vaccine. Vaccine 1995; 13:503-8. [PMID: 7639018 DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(94)00003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The identification of effective adjuvants is critical for tumor vaccine development. Towards this end, we examined whether the immunogenicity of a melanoma vaccine could be potentiated by DETOX, an adjuvant consisting of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and purified mycobacterial cell-wall skeleton (CWS). Nineteen patients with resected stage III melanoma were immunized with a polyvalent melanoma antigen vaccine (40 micrograms) admixed with DETOX, q3 wks x 4. Seven patients received vaccine + low-dose DETOX (10 micrograms MPL + 100 micrograms CWS) and 12 received vaccine + high-dose DETOX (20 micrograms MPL + 200 micrograms CWS). A non-randomized control group of 35 patients was treated similarly with 40 micrograms vaccine + alum. One week after the fourth vaccine immunization, melanoma antibodies were increased over baseline in 7/7 (100%) patients treated with vaccine + low-dose DETOX, 8/12 (67%) patients treated with vaccine + high-dose DETOX, and in 4/19 (21%) of vaccine + alum patients. For the entire DETOX group, the antibody response rate was 15/19 (79%) compared 4/19 (21%) in the alum group (p < 0.001). In contrast, a strong delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response (> or = 15 mm increase in DTH response over baseline) was induced in 50% of the entire DETOX group versus in 47% of the alum group. Median disease-free (DF) survival for the entire DETOX group was 17.8 months compared with 32.1 months in the alum group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, DETOX markedly potentiated antibody but had little effect on DTH responses to melanoma vaccine immunization. It did not appear to improve disease-free survival in comparison to alum in this non-randomized study.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schultz
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016, USA
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Saiki I, Kamisango K, Tanio Y, Okumura H, Yamamura Y, Azuma I. Adjuvant activity of purified peptidoglycan of Listeria monocytogenes in mice and guinea pigs. Infect Immun 1982; 38:58-65. [PMID: 6815094 PMCID: PMC347697 DOI: 10.1128/iai.38.1.58-65.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunological properties of peptidoglycan (L-PG) purified from the cell wall skeleton (L-CWS) of Listeria monocytogenes strain EGD were investigated and compared with the properties of L-CWS. L-PG consisted of alanine, glutamic acid, alpha, epsilon-diaminopimelic acid, muramic acid, and glucosamine. L-PG showed potent adjuvant activities for circulating antibody formation and development of delayed-type hypersensitivity to bacterial alpha-amylase in vivo and for the primary immune response to sheep erythrocytes in vitro, as well as L-CWS. Both L-PG and L-CWS enhanced the generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in allogeneic mice and activated thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages and macrophage cell line RAW 264 to kill tumor target cells in vitro. We also found that L-PG acted on normal spleen cells as a mitogen. Both L-PG and L-CWS had tumor (Meth A)-suppressive and -regressive activities in syngeneic mice. Our results suggest that the L-PG moiety retains the adjuvant and antitumor activities of L-CWS.
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Koyama S, Fujimoto S, Tada T, Sakita T. Effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin cell wall skeleton on the induction of the cytotoxic and suppressor T cells against syngeneic tumor in the mouse. Int J Cancer 1981; 27:829-35. [PMID: 6457002 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910270615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin cell wall skeleton (BCG-CWS), which is one of the well-established immunopotentiators, on the induction of either cytotoxic or suppressor T cells against syngeneic tumor S1509a was investigated by an in vitro assay system. BCG-CWS showed an apparent augmenting activity in the induction of cytotoxic T cells against a syngeneic tumor when it was administered subcutaneously into mice with mitomycin C (MMC)-treated tumor cells in a form of oil-in-water emulsion. In addition, cytotoxic T cell activity was dominantly generated in regional lymph nodes. Furthermore, the immunized animals developed stronger resistance against the second inoculum of the same viable tumor cells. However, BCG-CWS had no effect on the induction of suppressor T cells in tumor-bearing host (TBH), and could not induce cytotoxic T cells against the homologous tumor in TBH in which suppressor T cells had been rapidly activated. The growth of tumor was neither suppressor nor enhanced, even if an oil-attached BCG-CWS was administered in TBH.
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Azuma I, Taniyama T, Sugimura K, Aladin A, Yamamura Y. Mitogenic activity of the cell walls of mycobacteria, nocardia, corynebacteria and anaerobic coryneforms. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 1976; 20:263-71. [PMID: 824484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1976.tb00987.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The mitogenic activity of the cell walls prepared from Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Nocardia rubra, Corynebacterium diphtheriae PW8, and four species of Propionibacterium, Corynebacterium parvum ATCC 11829, Propionibacterium acnes C7, Propionibacterium granulosum ATCC 25564 and Propionibacterium avidum ATCC 25577, were investigated. These cell walls were active as mitogens on normal spleen cells, anti-O sera-treated spleen cells, macrophage-depleted spleen cells of C57BL/6J mice and cortisone-treated thymocytes of C57BL/6J mice. It was also shown that these cell walls were mitogenic on spleen cells and macrophage-depleted spleen cells of congenitally athymic (nude) mice. The above results suggest that the cell walls investigated in this study act as mitogens on both thymus-derived lymphocytes (T-cells) and bone marrow-derived lymphocytes (B-cells).
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YAMAMURA Y, AZUMA I, SUGIMURA K, KUSUMOTO S, SHIBA T. Immunological Activity of Synthetic Cell-Wall Peptidoglycan Subunits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.2183/pjab1945.52.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi YAMAMURA
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Osaka University and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Ichiro AZUMA
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Osaka University and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Kazuhisa SUGIMURA
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Osaka University and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Shoichi KUSUMOTO
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Osaka University and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Tetsuo SHIBA
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Osaka University and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Osaka University
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Azuma I, Sugimura K, Taniyama T, Aladin A, Yamamura Y. Chemical and immunological studies on the cell walls of Propionibacterium acnes strain C7 and Corynebacterium parvum ATCC 11829. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 1975; 19:265-75. [PMID: 811835 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1975.tb00880.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The chemical and immunological properties of the cell walls prepared from the cells of anaerobic coryneforms, Propionibacterium acnes C7 and Corynebacterium parvum ATCC 11829, were partially investigated. The cell walls prepared from P. acnes C7 and C. parvum ATCC 11829 were composed of fatty acids, polysaccharides consisting glucose, galactose and mannose and mucopeptides consisting mainly of alanine, glutamic acid, alpha, epsilon-diaminopimelic acid, glycine, muramic acid and glucosamine. As the fatty acid constituents of the cell wall of P. acnes C7, iso-pentadecanoic acid and iso-heptadecanoic acid were detected as major components. Both cell walls prepared from P. acnes C7 and C. parvum ATCC 11829 showed potent adjuvant activity on the formation of circulating antibody and development of delayed type hypersensitivity in vivo and on the primary immune response to sheep erythrocytes in vitro, however, could not augment helper function of carrier-primed T cells and on the development of cell-mediated cytotoxicity to mastocytoma P815-X2 cells in C57BL/6J mice. It is also shown that the cell walls of P. acnes C7 and C. parvum ATCC 11829 act on mouse spleen cells as mitogen.
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