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Kaminski H, Marsères G, Cosentino A, Guerville F, Pitard V, Fournié JJ, Merville P, Déchanet-Merville J, Couzi L. Understanding human γδ T cell biology toward a better management of cytomegalovirus infection. Immunol Rev 2020; 298:264-288. [PMID: 33091199 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, namely solid organ and hematopoietic cell transplant recipients, and can induce congenital infection in neonates. There is currently an unmet need for new management and treatment strategies. Establishment of an anti-CMV immune response is critical in order to control CMV infection. The two main human T cells involved in HCMV-specific response are αβ and non-Vγ9Vδ2 T cells that belong to γδ T cell compartment. CMV-induced non-Vγ9Vδ2 T cells harbor a specific clonal expansion and a phenotypic signature, and display effector functions against CMV. So far, only two main molecular mechanisms underlying CMV sensing have been identified. Non-Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can be activated either by stress-induced surface expression of the γδT cell receptor (TCR) ligand annexin A2, or by a multimolecular stress signature composed of the γδTCR ligand endothelial protein C receptor and co-stimulatory signals such as the ICAM-1-LFA-1 axis. All this basic knowledge can be harnessed to improve the clinical management of CMV infection in at-risk patients. In particular, non-Vγ9Vδ2 T cell monitoring could help better stratify the risk of infection and move forward a personalized medicine. Moreover, recent advances in cell therapy protocols open the way for a non-Vγ9Vδ2 T cell therapy in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kaminski
- ImmunoConcEpT UMR 5164, CNRS, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis and Apheresis, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gabriel Marsères
- ImmunoConcEpT UMR 5164, CNRS, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anaïs Cosentino
- ImmunoConcEpT UMR 5164, CNRS, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis and Apheresis, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Florent Guerville
- ImmunoConcEpT UMR 5164, CNRS, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,CHU Bordeaux, Pôle de gérontologie, Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Pitard
- ImmunoConcEpT UMR 5164, CNRS, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Fournié
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 INSERM, Université Toulouse III: Paul-Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Merville
- ImmunoConcEpT UMR 5164, CNRS, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis and Apheresis, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Lionel Couzi
- ImmunoConcEpT UMR 5164, CNRS, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis and Apheresis, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
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Quantitative membrane proteomics reveals a role for tetraspanin enriched microdomains during entry of human cytomegalovirus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187899. [PMID: 29121670 PMCID: PMC5679760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) depends on and modulates multiple host cell membrane proteins during each stage of the viral life cycle. To gain a global view of the impact of HCMV-infection on membrane proteins, we analyzed HCMV-induced changes in the abundance of membrane proteins in fibroblasts using stable isotope labeling with amino acids (SILAC), membrane fractionation and protein identification by two-dimensional liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. This systematic approach revealed that CD81, CD44, CD98, caveolin-1 and catenin delta-1 were down-regulated during infection whereas GRP-78 was up-regulated. Since CD81 downregulation was also observed during infection with UV-inactivated virus we hypothesized that this tetraspanin is part of the viral entry process. Interestingly, additional members of the tetraspanin family, CD9 and CD151, were also downregulated during HCMV-entry. Since tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEM) cluster host cell membrane proteins including known CMV receptors such as integrins, we studied whether TEMs are required for viral entry. When TEMs were disrupted with the cholesterol chelator methyl-β-cylcodextrin, viral entry was inhibited and this inhibition correlated with reduced surface levels of CD81, CD9 and CD151, whereas integrin levels remained unchanged. Furthermore, simultaneous siRNA-mediated knockdown of multiple tetraspanins inhibited viral entry whereas individual knockdown had little effect suggesting essential, but redundant roles for individual tetraspanins during entry. Taken together, our data suggest that TEM act as platforms for receptors utilized by HCMV for entry into cells.
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Martin TM, Plautz SA, Pannier AK. Temporal endogenous gene expression profiles in response to lipid-mediated transfection. J Gene Med 2015; 17:14-32. [PMID: 25663588 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Design of efficient nonviral gene delivery systems is limited as a result of the rudimentary understanding of the specific molecules and processes that facilitate DNA transfer. METHODS Lipoplexes formed with Lipofectamine 2000 (LF2000) and plasmid-encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) were delivered to the HEK 293T cell line. After treating cells with lipoplexes, HG-U133 Affymetrix microarrays were used to identify endogenous genes differentially expressed between treated and untreated cells (2 h exposure) or between flow-separated transfected cells (GFP+) and treated, untransfected cells (GFP-) at 8, 16 and 24 h after lipoplex treatment. Cell priming studies were conducted using pharmacologic agents to alter endogenous levels of the identified differentially expressed genes to determine effect on transfection levels. RESULTS Relative to untreated cells 2 h after lipoplex treatment, only downregulated genes were identified ≥ 30-fold: ALMS1, ITGB1, FCGR3A, DOCK10 and ZDDHC13. Subsequently, relative to GFP- cells, the GFP+ cell population showed at least a five-fold upregulation of RAP1A and PACSIN3 (8 h) or HSPA6 and RAP1A (16 and 24 h). Pharmacologic studies altering endogenous levels for ALMS1, FCGR3A, and DOCK10 (involved in filopodia protrusions), ITGB1 (integrin signaling), ZDDHC13 (membrane trafficking) and PACSIN3 (proteolytic shedding of membrane receptors) were able to increase or decrease transgene production. CONCLUSIONS RAP1A, PACSIN3 and HSPA6 may help lipoplex-treated cells overcome a transcriptional shutdown due to treatment with lipoplexes and provide new targets for investigating molecular mechanisms of transfection or for enhancing transfection through cell priming or engineering of the nonviral gene delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Durham Research Center II, University of Nebraska-Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Increased expression of LDL receptor-related protein 1 during human cytomegalovirus infection reduces virion cholesterol and infectivity. Cell Host Microbe 2013; 12:86-96. [PMID: 22817990 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In response to virus infection, cells can alter protein expression to modify cellular functions and limit viral replication. To examine host protein expression during infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), an enveloped DNA virus, we performed a semiquantitative, temporal analysis of the cell surface proteome in infected fibroblasts. We determined that resident low density lipoprotein related receptor 1 (LRP1), a plasma membrane receptor that regulates lipid metabolism, is elevated early after HCMV infection, resulting in decreased intracellular cholesterol. siRNA knockdown or antibody-mediated inhibition of LRP1 increased intracellular cholesterol and concomitantly increased the infectious virus yield. Virions produced under these conditions contained elevated cholesterol, resulting in increased infectivity. Depleting cholesterol from virions reduced their infectivity by blocking fusion of the virion envelope with the cell membrane. Thus, LRP1 restricts HCMV infectivity by controlling the availability of cholesterol for the virion envelope, and increased LRP1 expression is likely a defense response to infection.
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Chan G, Bivins-Smith ER, Smith MS, Smith PM, Yurochko AD. Transcriptome analysis reveals human cytomegalovirus reprograms monocyte differentiation toward an M1 macrophage. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2008; 181:698-711. [PMID: 18566437 PMCID: PMC2614917 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.1.698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are primary targets for human CMV (HCMV) infection and are proposed to be responsible for hematogenous dissemination of the virus. Monocytes acquire different functional traits during polarization to the classical proinflammatory M1 macrophage or the alternative antiinflammatory M2 macrophage. We hypothesized that HCMV induced a proinflammatory M1 macrophage following infection to promote viral dissemination because, biologically, a proinflammatory state provides the tools to drive infected monocytes from the blood into the tissue. To test this hypothesis of monocyte conversion from a normal quiescent phenotype to an inflammatory phenotype, we used Affymetrix Microarray to acquire a transcriptional profile of infected monocytes at a time point our data emphasized is a key temporal regulatory point following infection. We found that HCMV significantly up-regulated 583 (5.2%) of the total genes and down-regulated 621 (5.5%) of the total genes>or=1.5-fold at 4 h postinfection. Further ontology analysis revealed that genes implicated in classical M1 macrophage activation were stimulated by HCMV infection. We found that 65% of genes strictly associated with M1 polarization were up-regulated, while only 4% of genes solely associated with M2 polarization were up-regulated. Analysis of the monocyte chemokinome at the transcriptional level showed that 44% of M1 and 33% of M2 macrophage chemokines were up-regulated. Proteomic analysis using chemokine Ab arrays confirmed the secretion of these chemotactic proteins from HCMV-infected monocytes. Overall, the results identify that the HCMV-infected monocyte transcriptome displayed a unique M1/M2 polarization signature that was skewed toward the classical M1 activation phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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Kim MS, Yi HA, Lee CH. Human Cytomegalovirus Induces Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression in a Monocytic Cell Line, THP-1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2008.38.1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Suk Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Chungbuk National University, 410 Seongbong-Ro, Heungduk-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Yi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, 410 Seongbong-Ro, Heungduk-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Chungbuk National University, 410 Seongbong-Ro, Heungduk-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, 410 Seongbong-Ro, Heungduk-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
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Clinicopathologic characteristics of clinically relevant cytomegalovirus infection in inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol 2007; 42:823-9. [PMID: 17940835 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-007-2103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 08/03/2007] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study we aimed to identify clinically relevant patterns of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS Twenty-two patients with severe ulcerative colitis (UC), 12 with moderate UC, and 16 with Crohn's disease were studied retrospectively. We confirmed CMV infection immunohistochemically. The patients were classified into three groups according to the density of CMV-infected cells. Clinicopathologic features were compared between the groups. RESULTS Dense CMV infection was found only in five patients with severe UC. Scattered CMV infection was found in nine patients with severe UC, three with moderate UC, and one patient with Crohn's disease, and in three controls (normal mucosa from early colorectal cancer specimens). For patients with severe UC, severity of CMV infection tended to correlate with older age and more rapid deterioration, including toxic megacolon and panperitonitis. The dense CMV group took significantly higher final daily doses of steroids before the operation, and showed steroid resistance. The frequency of emergency surgery was higher and postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer in the dense CMV group. No significant differences were observed in sex, disease duration, steroid administration (total amount or duration), or frequencies of other therapies among the three groups. Immunohistochemically, CMV positivity in endothelial cells around the ulcer base was a significant feature in dense CMV infection, compared with scattered CMV infection. CONCLUSIONS Older patients with severe steroid-resistant UC may be at particular risk for CMV infection. Dense CMV infection, especially when it occurs predominantly in endothelial cells, may be a useful marker for clinically relevant CMV infection.
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Bressollette-Bodin C, Andre-Garnier E, Robillard N, Billaudel S, Imbert-Marcille BM. A multiparametric flow cytometry method for detection of modifications of antigen expression in polymorphonuclear cells infected by human cytomegalovirus. J Virol Methods 2006; 132:32-9. [PMID: 16207497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2005] [Revised: 08/22/2005] [Accepted: 08/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been shown to alter adhesion molecule expression on permissive cells such as endothelial cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate expression of receptors for these molecules on CMV infected polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs). CMV-induced variations on cellular integrin expression were examined using an in vitro system to obtain infected PMNLs. A triparametric flow cytometry approach was developed, which allows combined detection, in a single experiment, of both viral intranuclear antigen in the selected PMNLs and cellular CD11/CD18 expression. Comparison of infected PMNLs with uninfected cells showed a decrease of up to 50% in the expression of CD11b, CD11c, and CD18. This study thus demonstrates that the presence of CMV in PMNLs, which characterizes active infection, modifies the expression of integrins and may thus affect cell-to-cell interactions and immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bressollette-Bodin
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biology of Nantes University Hospital, 9 Quai Moncousu, 44035 Nantes Cedex 01, France
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Chan G, Stinski MF, Guilbert LJ. Human cytomegalovirus-induced upregulation of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 on villous syncytiotrophoblasts. Biol Reprod 2004; 71:797-803. [PMID: 15140794 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.104.028118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is secreted apically from villous trophoblasts, thus congenital infection is not likely to occur by basal release across the basement membrane. As an alternative route, we hypothesize that an HCMV-infected villous syncytiotrophoblast (ST) upregulates intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, causing blood monocytes to bind to the ST and induce apoptosis. Purified (>99.99%) populations of human villous trophoblasts were differentiated into an ST-like culture, infected with HCMV strain AD169, and assessed for ICAM-1 expression by immunofluorescence. Infection strongly upregulated ICAM-1 24 h after challenge. ICAM-1 was also stimulated by transfection with viral genes IE2-55, IE1-72, and IE2-86, but not by UV-inactivated virus. Infection with a green fluorescent protein recombinant virus allowed infection and ICAM-1 expression to be topographically located. We found that ICAM-1 was expressed on both infected and noninfected cells. Furthermore, antibody to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha and, to a lesser extent, interleukin (IL)1 beta inhibited ICAM-1 upregulation on noninfected cells but not on infected cells. We conclude that HCMV IE proteins stimulate ICAM-1 expression on villous trophoblasts by paracrine release of TNF alpha and IL1 beta, as well as by a direct effect on infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
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Kronschnabl M, Stamminger T. Synergistic induction of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 by the human cytomegalovirus transactivators IE2p86 and pp71 is mediated via an Sp1-binding site. J Gen Virol 2003; 84:61-73. [PMID: 12533701 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.18703-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection of transplant recipients is frequently associated with allograft vasculopathy and rejection. One potential mechanism is vascular injury from HCMV-triggered, immunologically mediated processes. HCMV infection has been shown to increase the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). The objective of this study was to determine the molecular basis of HCMV-enhanced ICAM-1 gene expression. Transient transfection experiments identified the IE2p86 protein as a potent activator of the ICAM-1 promoter. The tegument protein pp71 showed a strong synergistic effect on IE2p86-mediated ICAM-1 promoter activation. Mutagenesis experiments defined a DNA element from -110 to -42 relative to the transcription start site as responsive for IE2p86. Further point mutations within this DNA element identified an Sp1-binding site that was essential for strong synergistic activation by IE2p86 and pp71. To confirm the activation of ICAM-1 gene expression, human fibroblasts (HFF) as well as endothelial cells (HUVEC) were infected with recombinant IE2p86- and pp71-expressing baculoviruses, respectively. In FACS analysis, a synergistic induction of ICAM-1 was detectable when cells were co-infected with the two recombinant baculoviruses. These findings clearly demonstrate that IE2p86 and pp71 are crucial regulatory factors for HCMV-induced ICAM-1 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kronschnabl
- Institut für Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institut für Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Maisch T, Kropff B, Sinzger C, Mach M. Upregulation of CD40 expression on endothelial cells infected with human cytomegalovirus. J Virol 2002; 76:12803-12. [PMID: 12438605 PMCID: PMC136694 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.24.12803-12812.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD40 has been identified as an important molecule for a number of processes, such as immune responses, inflammation, and the activation of endothelia. We investigated CD40 in endothelial cells (EC) following infection with an endotheliotropic strain of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Between 8 and 72 h postinfection, we observed a significant increase in CD40 levels on the surface of infected EC, as measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. As a consequence of CD40 upregulation, increased levels of E-selectin were found on infected EC after stimulation with CD154-expressing T cells. Enhanced expression of CD40 was specific for EC, since infection of fibroblasts did not result in the upregulation of CD40. The addition of neutralizing antibodies as well as UV inactivation of virus completely prevented the upregulation of CD40 on EC. Also, laboratory-adapted HCMV strain AD169 was not able to induce CD40 on EC. De novo protein synthesis was necessary for the increased surface expression. At early times (4 to 24 h) postinfection, this change was not accompanied by increased levels of CD40 protein or mRNA. At late times (48 to 96 h) postinfection, increased amounts of CD40 protein and mRNA were detected. Immunohistochemical analysis of infected tissues demonstrated elevated levels of CD40 on HCMV-infected EC in vivo. Thus, infection of EC by HCMV may result in the activation of endothelia and in the augmentation of inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Maisch
- Institut für Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Benz C, Reusch U, Muranyi W, Brune W, Atalay R, Hengel H. Efficient downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules in human epithelial cells infected with cytomegalovirus. J Gen Virol 2001; 82:2061-2070. [PMID: 11514715 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-82-9-2061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver and intestinal epithelial cells are a major target of infection by cytomegaloviruses (CMV), causing severe disease in affected organs of immunocompromised patients. CMV downregulates major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecule expression in fibroblasts in order to avoid lysis by CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes. However, MHC-I expression in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-infected hepatic tissue was reported to be increased. As it is unclear at present whether HCMV affects MHC-I expression in epithelial cells, new cell culture models for HCMV infection of differentiated hepatobiliary cell lines were established. HCMV immediate early gene expression was achieved in 60 to 95% of cells. Progression of the HCMV replication cycle differed from prototypic infection of fibroblasts, since structural early and late proteins were produced at low levels and HCMV progeny yielded much lower titres in hepatobiliary cells. In contrast, HCMV glycoproteins, gpUS2, gpUS3, gpUS6 and gpUS11, that downregulate MHC-I expression were synthesized with temporal kinetics and in a similar quantity to that seen in fibroblasts. As a result, HCMV infection led to a drastic and selective downregulation of MHC-I expression in epithelial cells and was uniformly observed irrespective of the hepatic or biliary origin of the cells. The new models document for the first time a stealth function of HCMV in epithelial cells and indicate that the downregulation of MHC-I expression by HCMV can occur in the virtual absence of virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Benz
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, Lehrstuhl Virologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Pettenkoferstrasse 9a, 80336 München, Germany1
| | - Uwe Reusch
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, Lehrstuhl Virologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Pettenkoferstrasse 9a, 80336 München, Germany1
| | - Walter Muranyi
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, Lehrstuhl Virologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Pettenkoferstrasse 9a, 80336 München, Germany1
| | - Wolfram Brune
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, Lehrstuhl Virologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Pettenkoferstrasse 9a, 80336 München, Germany1
| | - Ramazan Atalay
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, Lehrstuhl Virologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Pettenkoferstrasse 9a, 80336 München, Germany1
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, Lehrstuhl Virologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Pettenkoferstrasse 9a, 80336 München, Germany1
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Dam JG, Li F, Yin M, You XM, Grauls G, Steinhoff G, Bruggeman CA. Effects of cytomegalovirus infection and prolonged cold ischemia on chronic rejection of rat renal allografts. Transpl Int 2000. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2000.tb01037.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Leung KH. Release of soluble ICAM-1 from human lung fibroblasts, aortic smooth muscle cells, dermal microvascular endothelial cells, bronchial epithelial cells, and keratinocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 260:734-9. [PMID: 10403835 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We determined effects of IL-1alpha, TNFalpha and IFNgamma on sICAM-1 release in culture media from human aortic smooth muscle cells (AOSMC), dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMEC), keratinocytes (KC), bronchial epithelial cells (BEC) and lung fibroblasts (LF) as determined by ELISA. Under basal conditions of cultures for 20 h, low concentrations of sICAM-1 were only detected in the culture media of two (DMEC and BEC) of these cell types. IL-1alpha, TNFalpha and IFNgamma stimulated sICAM-1 from these cells. IFNgamma stimulated more shedding from AOSMC, BEC and KC than IL-1alpha or TNFalpha. TNFalpha enhanced more sICAM-1 release from DEMC than from AOSMC, BEC and LF. IL-1alpha and IFNgamma or TNFalpha and IFNgamma acted synergistically to enhance shedding of sICAM-1 from these cells. The levels sICAM-1 in pathophysiological conditions may influence leukocyte-vascular cell interactions to block leukocyte transmigration to tissue injury sites as a negative feedback mechanism.
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MESH Headings
- Aorta/cytology
- Bronchi/cytology
- Culture Media, Conditioned/chemistry
- Dermis/cytology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Synergism
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Humans
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Interleukin-1/pharmacology
- Keratinocytes/drug effects
- Keratinocytes/metabolism
- Lung/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Solubility
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Leung
- Department of High Throughput Biological Screening, Human Genome Sciences, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
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Contreras A, Umeda M, Chen C, Bakker I, Morrison JL, Slots J. Relationship between herpesviruses and adult periodontitis and periodontopathic bacteria. J Periodontol 1999; 70:478-84. [PMID: 10368051 DOI: 10.1902/jop.1999.70.5.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various mammalian viruses and specific bacteria seem to play important roles in the pathogenesis of human periodontitis. This study examined the relationship between subgingival herpesviruses and periodontal disease and potential periodontopathic bacteria in 140 adults exhibiting either periodontitis or gingivitis. METHODS A nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method determined the presence of Epstein-Barr virus type 1 and type 2 (EBV-1, EBV-2), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV) and a 16S rRNA PCR detection method identified Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Treponema denticola. RESULTS Using a logistic analysis, EBV-1 showed significant positive association with P. gingivalis (odds ratio [OR] 3.37), and with coinfections of P. gingivalis and P. intermedia (OR 4.03); P. gingivalis and B. forsythus (OR 3.84); P. gingivalis and T. denticola (OR 4.17); P. gingivalis, B. forsythus, and T. denticola (OR 4.06); and P. gingivalis, P. nigrescens, and T. denticola (OR 3.29). EBV-1 also showed positive association with severe periodontitis (OR 5.09), with increasing age (OR 1.03), and with periodontal probing depth at the sample sites (OR 1.77). HCMV was positively associated with coinfections of P. gingivalis and P. nigrescens (OR 3.23); P. gingivalis, B. forsythus, and P. nigrescens (OR 3.23); and P. gingivalis, P. nigrescens, and T. denticola (OR 2.59); with severe periodontitis (OR 4.65); and with age (OR 1.03). Patients with mixed viral infections revealed significant associations with P. gingivalis (OR 2.27), and with coinfections of P. gingivalis and B. forsythus (OR 2.06); P. gingivalis and P. nigrescens (OR 2.91); P. gingivalis, B. forsythus, and P. nigrescens (OR 2.91); and P. gingivalis, P. nigrescens, and T. denticola (OR 2.70) with the clinical diagnosis of slight (OR 3.73), moderate (OR 3.82), or severe periodontitis (OR 4.36), and with probing depth at the sample sites (OR 1.39). HSV and EBV-2 showed no significant associations with any of the variables tested. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that subgingival EBV-1, HCMV, and viral coinfections are associated with the subgingival presence of some periodontal pathogens and periodontitis. Herpesviruses may exert periodontopathic potential by decreasing the host resistance against subgingival colonization and multiplication of periodontal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Contreras
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089-0641, USA
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Hemmings DG, Kilani R, Nykiforuk C, Preiksaitis J, Guilbert LJ. Permissive cytomegalovirus infection of primary villous term and first trimester trophoblasts. J Virol 1998; 72:4970-9. [PMID: 9573266 PMCID: PMC110059 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.72.6.4970-4979.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Forty percent of women with primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections during pregnancy infect their fetuses with complications for the baby varying from mild to severe. How CMV crosses the syncytiotrophoblast, the barrier between maternal blood and fetal tissue in the villous placenta, is unknown. Virus may cross by infection of maternal cells that pass through physical breaches in the syncytiotrophoblast or by direct infection of the syncytiotrophoblast, with subsequent transmission to underlying fetal placental cells. In this study, we show that pure (>99.99%), long-term and healthy (>3 weeks) cultures of syncytiotrophoblasts are permissively infected with CMV. Greater than 99% of infectious progeny virus remained cell associated throughout culture periods up to 3 weeks. Infection of term trophoblasts required a higher virus inoculum, was less efficient, and progressed more slowly than parallel infections of placental and human embryonic lung fibroblasts. Three laboratory strains (AD169, Towne, and Davis) and a clinical isolate from a congenitally infected infant all permissively infected trophoblasts, although infection efficiencies varied. The infection of first trimester syncytiotrophoblasts with strain AD169 occurred at higher frequency and progressed more rapidly than infection of term cells but less efficiently and rapidly than infection of fibroblasts. These results show that villous syncytiotrophoblasts can be permissively infected by CMV but that the infection requires high virus titers and proceeds slowly and that progeny virus remains predominantly cell associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Hemmings
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7
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Stuart PM, Usui N, Randhawa RS, Laycock KA, Fleming TP, Pepose JS. Differential effects of HSV-1 and HCMV infection on adhesion molecule expression on human corneal keratocytes. Curr Eye Res 1997; 16:496-502. [PMID: 9154389 DOI: 10.1076/ceyr.16.5.496.7041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have shown that keratoplasty buttons obtained at surgery from patients with herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) keratitis have elevated localized expression of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1, which plays a critical role in the initiation and amplification of an immune response. We performed studies to determine whether changes in expression of ICAM-1 and HLA class I are direct effects of productive infection of human corneal fibroblasts with HSV-1. METHODS Immunocytologic and flow cytometric analyses were performed to analyze the ability of HSV-1 to induce ICAM-1 and HLA class I expression in a primary cornea-derived keratocyte cell line, E-2. Positive controls for these experiments were E-2 cells infected with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), which has been shown to increase ICAM-1 expression in selected cells, and E-2 cells treated with IFN-gamma, which upregulates both ICAM-1 and HLA class I expression in most cell types. RESULTS Kinetic cytometric analysis indicated decreased ICAM-1 expression 3 hours following HSV-1 infection of E-2 cells. In contrast, HCMV led to detectable increases in ICAM-1 expression starting 6 hours after infection. Infections with either HSV-1 or HCMV resulted in reduced HLA class I expression on E-2 and SF cells. CONCLUSIONS These studies suggest that increased ICAM-1 expression seen on corneal stromal cells during clinical HSV-1 infection is not a direct result of productive viral infection, but of other mechanisms such as cytokine release by infiltrating mononuclear cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Stuart
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Abstract
AIMS This study was undertaken to confirm the distribution and expression of the molecule CD44 on human corneas under normal and pathological conditions. METHODS Fifty eight corneal buttons from adult patients suffering from various corneal diseases and four normal corneas were included in this study. Frozen sections were stained immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies against human CD44 using an APAAP method and observed under a light microscope. RESULTS In normal corneas CD44 was predominantly expressed on the membranes of basal epithelial cells and on the keratocytes, as well as on the vascular endothelial cells of the corneal limbi, but was not expressed on corneal endothelial cells. Enhanced expression of CD44 was observed on the epithelium of corneas with inflammation and allograft rejection. In a number of abnormal conditions including allograft rejection, corneal trauma, primary and secondary corneal endothelial decompensation the remaining endothelial cells stained positively for CD44. However, in some corneas of keratitis, keratoconus, and dystrophy the endothelium which appeared relatively integral in morphology and amount remained CD44 negative. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that CD44, the hyaluronate receptor, may play an important role in corneal cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Its regulation is closely related to corneal inflammatory reactions. The induction of CD44 on corneal endothelium might play a potential role in compensatory processes when corneal endothelial cells are injured.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Zhu
- University Eye Hospital, Kiel, Germany
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Shahgasempour S, Woodroffe SB, Garnett HM. Alterations in the expression of ELAM-1, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 after in vitro infection of endothelial cells with a clinical isolate of human cytomegalovirus. Microbiol Immunol 1997; 41:121-9. [PMID: 9087954 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1997.tb01177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection of endothelial cells resulted in increased adhesion of the cells to peripheral blood leukocytes. It was demonstrated by flow cytometry that increased adhesiveness parallels the increased expression of cell surface adhesion molecules (ELAM-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1). The increased adhesion of PMN and T-lymphocytes was due to upregulation in the expression of ELAM-1 and ICAM-1. The upregulation of VCAM-1 resulted in the increased adhesiveness of monocytes and T-lymphocytes to HCMV-infected HUVEC. The increased adhesiveness to leukocytes was caused by HCMV replication since endothelial cells exposed to HCMV-free supernatants and UV-inactivated HCMV did not show any increase in adhesiveness to any of the leukocytes tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shahgasempour
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Parra B, Slots J. Detection of human viruses in periodontal pockets using polymerase chain reaction. ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 1996; 11:289-93. [PMID: 9028252 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1996.tb00183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Even though viruses have been implicated in the etiology of several medical and dental disorders, little or no data are available on the possible involvement of human viruses in the pathogenesis of human periodontal disease. This study investigated the presence of human cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in crevicular fluid samples from 30 patients with advanced periodontitis and 26 subjects with gingivitis. Viral identification was performed on direct subgingival samples from 3 diseased sites in each patient using the polymerase chain reaction technique. Seventy-eight percent of advanced periodontitis patients were positive for at least one of the five test viruses. Cytomegalovirus was detected in 60% of the periodontitis patients, Epstein-Barr virus in 30%, herpes simplex virus in 20%, human papillomavirus in 17% and HIV in 7%. Forty percent of the periodontitis patients revealed coinfection by 2 to 5 viruses. Only 31% of the gingivitis subjects showed a positive viral identification in crevicular fluid, and infected individuals only revealed human cytomegalovirus. This study demonstrated that human viruses may occur in periodontitis lesions with relatively high prevalence. The pathogenetic significance of human viruses in destructive periodontal disease needs to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Parra
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089-0641, USA
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Watanabe M, Ito M, Kamiya H, Sakurai M. Adherence of peripheral blood leukocytes to cytomegalovirus-infected fibroblasts. Microbiol Immunol 1996; 40:519-23. [PMID: 8865158 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1996.tb01103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral blood monocytes and B cells adhered to cytomegalovirus (CMV)-infected fibroblasts, whereas T cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes did not adhere to either CMV-infected or uninfected fibroblasts. When T cells were activated with anti-CD3 antibody, activated T cells demonstrated adherence and cytotoxicity to both CMV-infected and uninfected fibroblasts. Adherence of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and cytotoxicity mediated by adherent activated T cells were blocked by treatment of CMV-infected fibroblasts with anti-ICAM-1 antibody and by treatment of leukocytes with anti-LFA-1 antibody. These data suggest that an interaction of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 is responsible for the adherence of leukocytes and for adherent activated T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against CMV-infected fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University School of Medicine, Japan
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Ito M, Watanabe M, Kamiya H, Sakurai M. Role of adhesion molecules in natural killer cell-induced DNA fragmentation of cytomegalovirus-infected fibroblasts. Viral Immunol 1996; 9:219-24. [PMID: 8978018 DOI: 10.1089/vim.1996.9.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the roles of CD11a, CD11b, CD18, and CD54 adhesion molecules in non-adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (NPBMC)-induced DNA fragmentation of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-infected cells. DNA fragmentation in the supernatant from CMV-infected cells and NPBMC was assayed, and cytotoxicity against CMV-infected cells was calculated. Treatment of NPBMC with monoclonal antibodies to CD11a, CD11b, CD18, and CD54 significantly reduced cytotoxicity against CMV-infected cells. A combination of anti-CD11a, anti-CD11b, and anti-CD18 antibodies further inhibited cytotoxicity against CMV-infected cells. Cytotoxicity against CMV-infected cells treated with anti-CD54 antibody was also significantly inhibited. Binding of effector cells to target cells was not affected by treatment of NPBMC or CMV-infected cells with antiadhesion molecule antibodies. These results indicate that LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18), and ICAM-1 (CD54) adhesion molecules are involved in natural killer (NK) cell-induced DNA fragmentation in CMV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University School of Medicine, Japan
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