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Peixoto-Rodrigues MC, da Costa GL, Pinto TN, Adesse D, Oliveira MME, Hauser-Davis RA. A novel report on the emerging and zoonotic neurotropic fungus Trichosporon japonicum in the brain tissue of the endangered Brazilian guitarfish (Pseudobatos horkelii) off the southeastern coast of Brazil. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:367. [PMID: 38017412 PMCID: PMC10685615 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03128-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast infections have gained significant attention in the field of marine biology in recent years. Among the broad diversity of marine organisms affected by these infections, elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) have emerged as highly susceptible, due to climate change effects, such as increasing water temperatures and pollution, which can alter the composition and abundance of fungal communities. Additionally, injuries, or compromised immune systems resulting from pollution or disease may increase the likelihood of fungal infections in elasmobranchs. Studies are, however, still lacking for this taxonomic group. In this context, this study aimed to screen yeast species in cell cultures obtained from the brain of artisanally captured Pseudobatos horkelii, a cartilaginous fish that, although endangered, is highly captured and consumed worldwide. Fungi were isolated during an attempt to establish primary cultures of elasmobranch neural cells. Culture flasks were swabbed and investigated using morphological, phenotypic, and molecular techniques. Two isolates of the emerging opportunistic pathogen Trichosporon japonicum were identified, with high scores (1.80 and 1.85, respectively) by the MALDI-ToF technique. This is the first report of the basidiomycetous yeast T. japonicum in Pseudobatos horkelii in Brazil. This finding highlights the need for further research to determine the potential impact on elasmobranch health, ecology, as well as on commercial fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Peixoto-Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, IInstituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gisela Lara da Costa
- Laboratório de Taxonomia, Bioquímica e Bioprospecção de Fungos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Nobre Pinto
- Laboratório de Taxonomia, Bioquímica e Bioprospecção de Fungos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Adesse
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, IInstituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Baptistella A, Rossato AJA, de Gusmão BC, Cunha CM, Trafane LF, Colbachini PCM. Case report: Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of fungal endocarditis by Trichosporon asahii in a child with congenital heart defects. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1200215. [PMID: 37868264 PMCID: PMC10588001 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1200215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background patients with congenital cardiopathies are the main group at risk for infective endocarditis (IE) in the pediatric population. Fungal etiology is responsible for 2%-4% of all IEs, and the Trichosporon genus is an increasingly prevalent cause of infections in human beings. Case presentation We describe a 9-year-old male with multiple surgical procedures to correct congenital cardiopathy defects, including insertion of RV-PA conduit, who was admitted due to suspicion of pneumonia and needed a surgical approach after being diagnosed with a mycotic pseudoaneurysm in the right ventricle's outflow tract, with dilation of the RV-PA conduit. The conduit was removed and antifungal treatment was started with Voriconazole after the agent was identified (T. asahii), with satisfactory therapeutic response. Approximately 4 years later, the patient was readmitted, presenting with intermittent fever, associated with nocturnal diaphoresis, dry cough, anxiety and chest pain. Vegetations consistent with T. asahii were evidenced in the RV-PA conduit, and a surgical approach was once again necessary. Discussion diagnostic methods and treatment of T. asahii endocarditis aren't yet standardized, and recurrent surgical approaches are needed due to the inefficacy of antifungal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Baptistella
- Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas School of Medicine, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz C. de Gusmão
- Pediatric Residence Program, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas Hospital, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carolina M. Cunha
- Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas School of Medicine, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luiza F. Trafane
- Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas School of Medicine, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo C. M. Colbachini
- Pediatric Intensive Care Residence Program, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas Hospital, Campinas, Brazil
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Matsumoto Y, Sugiyama Y, Nagamachi T, Yoshikawa A, Sugita T. Hog1-mediated stress tolerance in the pathogenic fungus Trichosporon asahii. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13539. [PMID: 37598230 PMCID: PMC10439922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichosporon asahii is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus that causes severe and sometimes fatal infections in immunocompromised patients. Hog1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase, regulates the stress resistance of some pathogenic fungi, however its role in T. asahii has not been investigated. Here, we demonstrated that the hog1 gene-deficient T. asahii mutant is sensitive to high temperature, cell membrane stress, oxidative stress, and antifungal drugs. Growth of the hog1 gene-deficient T. asahii mutant was delayed at 40 °C. The hog1 gene-deficient T. asahii mutant also exhibited sensitivity to sodium dodecyl sulfate, hydrogen peroxide, menadione, methyl methanesulfonate, UV exposure, and antifungal drugs such as amphotericin B under a glucose-rich condition. Under a glucose-restricted condition, the hog1 gene-deficient mutant exhibited sensitivity to NaCl and KCl. The virulence of the hog1 gene-deficient mutant against silkworms was attenuated. Moreover, the viability of the hog1 gene-deficient mutant decreased in the silkworm hemolymph. These phenotypes were restored by re-introducing the hog1 gene into the gene-deficient mutant. Our findings suggest that Hog1 plays a critical role in regulating cellular stress responses in T. asahii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Matsumoto
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan.
| | - Yu Sugiyama
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Tae Nagamachi
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Asami Yoshikawa
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugita
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
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Aoki K, Yamamoto K, Ohkuma M, Sugita T, Tanaka N, Takashima M. Hyphal Growth in Trichosporon asahii Is Accelerated by the Addition of Magnesium. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0424222. [PMID: 37102973 PMCID: PMC10269644 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04242-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal dimorphism involves two morphologies: a unicellular yeast cell and a multicellular hyphal form. Invasion of hyphae into human cells causes severe opportunistic infections. The transition between yeast and hyphal forms is associated with the virulence of fungi; however, the mechanism is poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to identify factors that induce hyphal growth of Trichosporon asahii, a dimorphic basidiomycete that causes trichosporonosis. T. asahii showed poor growth and formed small cells containing large lipid droplets and fragmented mitochondria when cultivated for 16 h in a nutrient-deficient liquid medium. However, these phenotypes were suppressed via the addition of yeast nitrogen base. When T. asahii cells were cultivated in the presence of different compounds present in the yeast nitrogen base, we found that magnesium sulfate was a key factor for inducing cell elongation, and its addition dramatically restored hyphal growth in T. asahii. In T. asahii hyphae, vacuoles were enlarged, the size of lipid droplets was decreased, and mitochondria were distributed throughout the cell cytoplasm and adjacent to the cell walls. Additionally, hyphal growth was disrupted due to treatment with an actin inhibitor. The actin inhibitor latrunculin A disrupted the mitochondrial distribution even in hyphal cells. Furthermore, magnesium sulfate treatment accelerated hyphal growth in T. asahii for 72 h when the cells were cultivated in a nutrient-deficient liquid medium. Collectively, our results suggest that an increase in magnesium levels triggers the transition from the yeast to hyphal form in T. asahii. These findings will support studies on the pathogenesis of fungi and aid in developing treatments. IMPORTANCE Understanding the mechanism underlying fungal dimorphism is crucial to discern its invasion into human cells. Invasion is caused by the hyphal form rather than the yeast form; therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism of transition from the yeast to hyphal form. To study the transition mechanism, we utilized Trichosporon asahii, a dimorphic basidiomycete that causes severe trichosporonosis since there are fewer studies on T. asahii than on ascomycetes. This study suggests that an increase in Mg2+, the most abundant mineral in living cells, triggers growth of filamentous hyphae and increases the distribution of mitochondria throughout the cell cytoplasm and adjacent to the cell walls in T. asahii. Understanding the mechanism of hyphal growth triggered by Mg2+ increase will provide a model system to explore fungal pathogenicity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Aoki
- Laboratory of Yeast Systematics, Tokyo NODAI Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moriya Ohkuma
- Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugita
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Takashima
- Laboratory of Yeast Systematics, Tokyo NODAI Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Robles-Tenorio A, Tarango-Martínez VM. Cutaneous Trichosporonosis: Review of an Emerging Disease. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-022-00445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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A critical role of calcineurin in stress responses, hyphal formation, and virulence of the pathogenic fungus Trichosporon asahii. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16126. [PMID: 36167890 PMCID: PMC9515189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichosporon asahii is a conditional pathogenic fungus that causes severe and sometimes fatal infections in immunocompromised patients. While calcineurin, an essential component of a calcium-dependent signaling pathway, is known to regulate stress resistance and virulence of some pathogenic fungi, its role in T. asahii has not been investigated. Here, we demonstrated that calcineurin gene-deficient T. asahii mutants are sensitive to high temperature as well as cell-membrane and cell-wall stress, and exhibit decreased hyphal formation and virulence against silkworms. Growth of T. asahii mutants deficient in genes encoding subunits of calcineurin, cna1 and cnb1, was delayed at 40 °C. The cna1 and cnb1 gene-deficient mutants also showed sensitivity to sodium dodecyl sulfate, Congo red, dithiothreitol, and tunicamycin. On the other hand, these mutants exhibited no sensitivity to caffeine, sorbitol, monensin, CaCl2, LiCl, NaCl, amphotericin B, fluconazole, or voriconazole. The ratio of hyphal formation in the cna1 and cnb1 gene-deficient mutants was decreased. Moreover, the virulence of the cna1 and cnb1 gene-deficient mutants against silkworms was attenuated. These phenotypes were restored by re-introducing each respective gene into the gene-deficient mutants. Our findings suggest that calcineurin has a role in regulating the cellular stress response and virulence of T. asahii.
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Matsumoto Y, Nagamachi T, Yoshikawa A, Yamada T, Sugita T. A joint PCR-based gene-targeting method using electroporation in the pathogenic fungus Trichosporon asahii. AMB Express 2022; 12:91. [PMID: 35834071 PMCID: PMC9283638 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichosporon asahii is a pathogenic fungus that causes deep-seated fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. Established methods for generating gene-deficient T. asahii mutants exist, but the frequency of obtaining transformants by electroporation remains low. In the present study, we optimized the conditions for gene transfer by electroporation using a ku70 gene-deficient mutant with high recombination efficiency. Introducing a DNA fragment by electroporation into T. asahii cells on Sabouraud dextrose agar to generate a cnb1 gene-deficient mutant and incubating for 1 day led to the growth of approximately 100 transformants. When the incubation period was extended to 2 days or 5 days, however, only 2 or no transformants, respectively, were grown. The highest number of transformants was grown by electroporation when a square wave at 1.8 kV (9 kV/cm) was applied for 5 ms. In addition, the number of transformants increased with an increase in the length of the homologous region, and transformants did not grow when the homologous region was less than 500 base pairs. A DNA fragment was produced for deletion of the cnb1 gene by joint PCR, and the cnb1 gene-deficient mutant was obtained by introducing the DNA fragment by electroporation. These results indicate that DNA fragments produced by joint PCR can be used to generate gene-deficient mutants of T. asahii through gene transfer by electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Matsumoto
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan.
| | - Tae Nagamachi
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Asami Yoshikawa
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamada
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, 359 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0395, Japan.,Asia International Institute of Infectious Disease Control, Teikyo University, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugita
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
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Invasive Trichosporonosis in Neonates and Pediatric Patients with Malignancies or Hematologic Disorders. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020242. [PMID: 35215184 PMCID: PMC8875650 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Trichosporon species have emerged as important opportunistic fungal pathogens, with Trichosporon asahii being the leading and most frequent cause of invasive disease. (2) Methods: We performed a global review focused on invasive trichosporonosis in neonates and pediatric patients with malignancies or hematologic disorders. We reviewed case reports and case series of trichosporonosis due to T. asahii published since 1994, the year of the revised taxonomic classification. (3) Results: Twenty-four cases of invasive trichosporonosis were identified in neonates with the presence of central venous catheter and use of broad-spectrum antibiotics recognized as the main predisposing factors. Thirty-two cases were identified in children with malignancies or hematologic disorders, predominantly with severe neutropenia. Trichosporon asahii was isolated from blood in 24/32 (75%) pediatric cases. Cutaneous involvement was frequently observed in invasive trichosporonosis. Micafungin was the most commonly used prophylactic agent (9/22; 41%). Ten patients receiving prophylactic echinocandins were identified with breakthrough infections. A favorable outcome was reported in 12/16 (75%) pediatric patients receiving targeted monotherapy with voriconazole or combined with liposomal amphotericin B. Overall mortality in neonates and children with malignancy was 67% and 60%, respectively. (4) Conclusions: Voriconazole is advocated for the treatment of invasive trichosporonosis given the intrinsic resistance to echinocandins and poor susceptibility to polyenes.
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Rhodotorula sp. and Trichosporon sp. are more Virulent After a Mixed Biofilm. Mycopathologia 2021; 187:85-93. [PMID: 34855103 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-021-00606-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Rhodotorula spp. and Trichosporon spp. are opportunistic pathogens, and although an association between these two species in the same infection appears to be uncommon, it has been reported. This is the first study that aimed to evaluate the pathogenesis of a co-infection by R. mucilaginosa and T. asahii, using a new in vivo model, the Zophobas morio larvae. Suspensions from planktonic and biofilm-recovered cells were injected in the larvae as in monospecies as mixed (a ratio of 1:1 for both agents of a of 105 inoculum). Individual and mixed biofilms of R. mucilaginosa and T. asahii were produced for 24 and 48 h, and they were partially characterized by crystal violet and reduction of tetrazolium salt. When evaluating the impact of the planktonic suspension in vivo we verified that the fungi in monoculture were more able to kill the larvae than those from planktonic mixed suspension. On the other hand, regarding biofilm-recovered cells, there was an increase in the death of larvae infected for mixed suspensions. Moreover, the death rate was more pronounced when the larvae were infected with 48 h biofilm-recovered cells than the 24 h ones. T. asahii was the best producer of total biomass, mainly in 48 h. The metabolic activity for both yeasts organized in biofilm maintained the same pattern between 24 and 48 h. The present study proves a synergistic interaction between R. mucilaginosa and T. asahii after an experience in a mixed biofilm. Our results suggest that both species were benefited from this interaction, acquiring a greater potential for virulence after passing through the biofilm and this ability was acquired by the cells released from the biofilm.
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Development of an efficient gene-targeting system for elucidating infection mechanisms of the fungal pathogen Trichosporon asahii. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18270. [PMID: 34521867 PMCID: PMC8440527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichosporon asahii is a pathogenic fungus that causes severe, deep-seated fungal infections in neutropenic patients. Elucidating the infection mechanisms of T. asahii based on genetic studies requires a specific gene-targeting system. Here, we established an efficient gene-targeting system in a highly pathogenic T. asahii strain identified using the silkworm infection model. By comparing the pathogenicity of T. asahii clinical isolates in a silkworm infection model, T. asahii MPU129 was identified as a highly pathogenic strain. Using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer system, we obtained a T. asahii MPU129 mutant lacking the ku70 gene, which encodes the Ku70 protein involved in the non-homologous end-joining repair of DNA double-strand breaks. The ku70 gene-deficient mutant showed higher gene-targeting efficiency than the wild-type strain for constructing a mutant lacking the cnb1 gene, which encodes the beta-subunit of calcineurin. The cnb1 gene-deficient mutant showed reduced pathogenicity against silkworms compared with the parental strain. These results suggest that an efficient gene-targeting system in a highly pathogenic T. asahii strain is a useful tool for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of T. asahii infection.
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Liu Q, Wang X. Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of pathogen Trichosporon inkin (Trichosporonales: Trichosporonaceae). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2021; 6:803-805. [PMID: 33763584 PMCID: PMC7954414 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1882912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Trichosporon inkin was sequenced and assembled. The complete mitochondrial genome of T. inkin contained 22 protein-coding genes (PCG), 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and 24 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. The total size of the T. inkin mitochondrial genome is 39,466 bp, with the GC content of 27.56%. Phylogenetic analysis based on combined mitochondrial gene dataset indicated that the T. inkin exhibited a close relationship with Trichosporon asahii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofeng Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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Ider S, Belguesmia Y, Cazals G, Boukherroub R, Coucheney F, Kihal M, Enjalbal C, Drider D. The antimicrobial peptide oranicin P16 isolated from Trichosporon asahii ICVY021, found in camel milk's, inhibits Kocuria rhizophila. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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A novel silkworm infection model with fluorescence imaging using transgenic Trichosporon asahii expressing eGFP. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10991. [PMID: 32620930 PMCID: PMC7335072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichosporon asahii is a pathogenic fungus that causes deep mycosis in patients with neutropenia. Establishing an experimental animal model for quantitatively evaluating pathogenicity and developing a genetic recombination technology will help to elucidate the infection mechanism of T. asahii and promote the development of antifungal drugs. Here we established a silkworm infection model with a transgenic T. asahii strain expressing eGFP. Injecting T. asahii into silkworms eventually killed the silkworms. Moreover, the administration of antifungal agents, such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, and voriconazole, prolonged the survival time of silkworms infected with T. asahii. A transgenic T. asahii strain expressing eGFP was obtained using a gene recombination method with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The T. asahii strain expressing eGFP showed hyphal formation in the silkworm hemolymph. Both hyphal growth and the inhibition of hyphal growth by the administration of antifungal agents were quantitatively estimated by monitoring fluorescence. Our findings suggest that a silkworm infection model using T. asahii expressing eGFP is useful for evaluating both the pathogenicity of T. asahii and the efficacy of antifungal drugs.
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Desnos-Ollivier M, Maufrais C, Pihet M, Aznar C, Dromer F. Epidemiological investigation for grouped cases of Trichosporon asahii using whole genome and IGS1 sequencing. Mycoses 2020; 63:942-951. [PMID: 32506754 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichosporonosis is a rare invasive infection in humans mainly due to Trichosporon asahii, and especially recovered from patients having haematological malignancy. Since 2012, IGS1 region sequencing is used as a genotyping method to distinguish isolates, with high frequency of one haplotype worldwide and a geographic specificity for some haplotypes. OBJECTIVES We compared the IGS1 genotyping method and whole genome sequencing (WGS) to study the relationship between clinical isolates involved in two grouped cases in France. METHODS IGS1 sequencing and antifungal susceptibility testing were performed for 54 clinical isolates. Clinical data for 28 isolates included in surveillance programs were analysed. Whole genome was sequenced for 32 clinical isolates and the type strain. RESULTS All isolates were intrinsically resistant to flucytosine, while voriconazole had the most potent in vitro activity. The majority of the isolates was recovered from patients with haematological malignancies (42.86%), with a high proportion of children (<15 yrs-old, 32.14%) and a high mortality rate at three months (46.15%). Based on the WGS analysis, isolates exhibiting IGS1 haplotype 1, 3 and 7 belonged to different clades. Five isolates recovered during the first grouped cases had the same IGS1 haplotype and shared 99% of SNPs similarity. For the second grouped cases, four isolates had 98.7% of SNPs similarity while the isolate recovered 4 years earlier was totally unlinked. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the usefulness of IGS1 sequencing for grouped cases infection of T. asahii. We underlined its limitation for the study of population structure and the utility of WGS analysis for the study of epidemiologically unrelated isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Desnos-Ollivier
- Molecular Mycology Unit, UMR2000, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses & Antifungals, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Maufrais
- Center of Bioinformatics for Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marc Pihet
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Christine Aznar
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, France
| | - Françoise Dromer
- Molecular Mycology Unit, UMR2000, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses & Antifungals, Paris, France
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Kumari A, Singh R. Medically important interactions of staphylococci with pathogenic fungi. Future Microbiol 2020; 14:1159-1170. [PMID: 31512519 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci are common inhabitants at several human body sites and are also implicated in infections either as primary or opportunistic pathogens. These bacteria can thus both contribute to the host defense being a part of the commensalistic microbiota or synergize with the other microbes during the infection process. Among fungi, staphylococci interact synergistically with Candida spp. and Aspergillus fumigatus, and antagonistically with Cryptococcus neoformans and Trichosporon asahii. These interactions are highly dynamic and are orchestrated by a multitude of microbial and host factors. During such cross-talks, staphylococci can modulate the virulence, immune response or drug resistance of the coexisting microbe(s), thereby influencing the infection course, disease severity, treatment strategy and the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjna Kumari
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rachna Singh
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Idris NFB, Huang G, Jia Q, Yuan L, Li Y, Tu Z. Mixed Infection of Toe Nail Caused by Trichosporon asahii and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Mycopathologia 2019; 185:373-376. [PMID: 31760556 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00406-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Trichosporon asahii and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa are important fungal species causing disseminated disease in immunocompromised patients. Onychomycosis prevalence rate ranges from 2 to 30%, which were 50% of nail diseases and 30% of superficial mycosis, respectively. Although important, little is known about the co-habitation of T. asahii and R. mucilaginosa in the causation of onychomycosis. Here, we present the co-habitation of T. asahii and R. mucilaginosa as causative agents of onychomycosis in a healthy 41-year-old male in China. Direct microscopic examination, fungal culture and MALDI-TOF MS were employed in isolated pathogens; hence, antifungal susceptibility test was evaluated. T. asahii was sensitive to posaconazole, voriconazole and itraconazole, whereas R. mucilaginosa was sensitive to both 5-flucytosine and amphotericin B. This report highlights the co-habitation of T. asahii and R. mucilaginosa in the causation of onychomycosis and to raise the awareness of this infection among dermatologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fazleen Binti Idris
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Guowang Huang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qianying Jia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yimin Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zeng Tu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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17
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Padovan ACB, Rocha WPDS, Toti ACDM, Freitas de Jesus DF, Chaves GM, Colombo AL. Exploring the resistance mechanisms in Trichosporon asahii: Triazoles as the last defense for invasive trichosporonosis. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 133:103267. [PMID: 31513917 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.103267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Trichosporon asahii has recently been recognized as an emergent fungal pathogen able to cause invasive infections in neutropenic cancer patients as well as in critically ill patients submitted to invasive medical procedures and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. T. asahii is the main pathogen associated with invasive trichosporonosis worldwide. Treatment of patients with invasive trichosporonosis remains a controversial issue, but triazoles are mentioned by most authors as the best first-line antifungal therapy. There is mounting evidence supporting the claim that fluconazole (FLC) resistance in T. asahii is emerging worldwide. Since 2000, 15 publications involving large collections of T. asahii isolates described non-wild type isolates for FLC and/or voriconazole. However, very few papers have addressed the epidemiology and molecular mechanism of antifungal resistance in Trichosporon spp. Data available suggest that continuous exposure to azoles can induce mutations in the ERG11 gene, resulting in resistance to this class of antifungal drugs. A recent report characterizing T. asahii azole-resistant strains found several genes differentially expressed and highly mutated, including genes related to the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) pathway, indicating that evolutionary modifications on this pathway induced by FLC stress may be involved in developing azole resistance. Finally, we provided new data suggesting that hyperactive efflux pumps may play a role as drug transporters in FLC resistant T. asahii strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walicyranison Plinio da Silva Rocha
- Laboratório de Micologia Médica e Molecular, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline de Moraes Toti
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Disciplina de Infectologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Maranhão Chaves
- Laboratório de Micologia Médica e Molecular, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Lopes Colombo
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Disciplina de Infectologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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18
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Murgia MA, Marongiu A, Aponte M, Blaiotta G, Deiana P, Mangia NP. Impact of a selected Debaryomyces hansenii strain's inoculation on the quality of Sardinian fermented sausages. Food Res Int 2019; 121:144-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Foster CE, Edwards MS, Brackett J, Schady DA, Healy CM, Baker CJ. Trichosporonosis in Pediatric Patients With a Hematologic Disorder. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2018; 7:199-204. [PMID: 28510690 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/pix031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichosporonosis is an emerging and often fatal opportunistic fungal infection in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with hematologic malignancy, but data in children are lacking. METHODS We report here 3 cases of invasive infection caused by Trichosporon asahii in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at Texas Children's Hospital in Houston, Texas. We also conducted a literature review and identified 16 additional reports of pediatric patients with invasive T asahii infection and an underlying malignant or nonmalignant hematologic disorder. RESULTS Of the 19 cases of invasive T asahii infection, the most commonly reported underlying hematologic disorder was acute lymphoblastic leukenia (47%), followed by acute myelogenous leukemia (21%). Most of the patients (94%) had neutropenia, defined as an absolute neutrophil count of <500 cells/mm3. Antifungal prophylaxis information was available in 6 of the 19 cases, and micafungin use was reported in 5 cases. Treatment regimens frequently included voriconazole monotherapy (47%) or the combination of an azole antifungal with amphotericin B (35%). The mortality rate was 58%. CONCLUSIONS Recognizing that echinocandins, which are increasingly used for prophylaxis in patients with a hematologic malignancy, are not active against Trichosporon species is of critical importance. The recommended first-line therapy for trichosporonosis is voriconazole, but successful outcome depends largely on the underlying immune status of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Foster
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston
| | - Morven S Edwards
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston
| | - Julienne Brackett
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston
| | - Deborah A Schady
- Section of Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston
| | - C Mary Healy
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston
| | - Carol J Baker
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston
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20
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Hazirolan G, Koçak N, Karagöz A. Sequence-based identification, genotyping and virulence factors of Trichosporon asahii strains isolated from urine samples of hospitalized patients (2011-2016). J Mycol Med 2018; 28:452-456. [PMID: 29983233 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trichosporon asahii is the most common species that causes trichosporonosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, a collection of 68T. asahii strains recovered from hospitalized patients urine samples between 2011 and 2016 was examined. T. asahii strains were identified by sequencing the intergenic spacer 1 region (IGS1) and genotyped. In addition, proteinase, phospholipase, esterase, haemolytic activity, and biofilm formation of a total of T. asahii strains were investigated. RESULTS The predominant genotype was 1 (79.3%) and followed by 5 (8%), 3 (6.9%), 6 (3.4%), 4 (1.1%), 9 (1.1%). In none of the 68 strains, proteinase and phospholipase activities could be detected, while all were found to be esterase positive. Biofilm production and hemolytic activity were detected in 23.5 and 97% respectively. DISCUSSION Our results indicated that six genotypes were (1, 5, 3, 6, 4, 9) present among T. asahii strains and no property was found to associate with a genotype, in terms of virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hazirolan
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji ABD, Sıhhiye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - N Koçak
- Selçuk Üniversity Medicine Faculty, Department of Medical Genetics, Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıbbi Genetik ABD Selçuklu/Konya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Karagöz
- Public Health Agency of Turkey, National Molecular Microbiology Reference Centers Laboratory, Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu, Moleküler Mikrobiyoloji Referans Laboratuvarları, Adnan Saygun Cad. No: 55 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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21
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Mada PK, Ayoade F, Li A, Todd J. Trichosporon asahii septic thrombophlebitis following lower extremity amputation in an immunocompetent host. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2017-221441. [PMID: 29306852 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-221441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 59-year-old man with a history of peripheral vascular disease status post femoral popliteal bypass presented with critical limb ischaemia of the left leg. An arterial Doppler ultrasound showed an occluded graft requiring an above knee amputation. Five days after surgery, the patient developed fever, leucocytosis, significant stump swelling and pain, and serosanguinous discharge from his wound. Wound swab cultures from the stump grew Trichosporon asahii A venous Doppler ultrasound revealed extensive thrombosis of the left lower extremity. Biopsy of the left thigh muscle showed necrotic thrombus with fungal hyphae in the clotted blood vessel. The left femoral vein was subsequently resected, and the excised venous tissue also grew T. asahii The patient was successfully treated with voriconazole based on antifungal susceptibilities. This case describes an invasive fungal infection in the absence of typical immunosuppressive conditions commonly associated with Trichosporon spp. It also illustrates the role of a combination of antimicrobial and surgical management in achieving cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Mada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Folusakin Ayoade
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ailing Li
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - John Todd
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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22
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A survey of the mycobiota associated with larvae of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) reared for feed production. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182533. [PMID: 28771577 PMCID: PMC5542616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed security, feed quality and issues surrounding the safety of raw materials are always of interest to all livestock farmers, feed manufacturers and competent authorities. These concerns are even more important when alternative feed ingredients, new product developments and innovative feeding trends, like insect-meals, are considered. The black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is considered a good candidate to be used as feed ingredient for aquaculture and other farm animals, mainly as an alternative protein source. Data on transfer of contaminants from different substrates to the insects, as well as the possible occurrence of toxin-producing fungi in the gut of non-processed insects are very limited. Accordingly, we investigated the impact of the substrate/diet on the intestinal mycobiota of H. illucens larvae using culture-dependent approaches (microbiological analyses, molecular identification through the typing of isolates and the sequencing of the 26S rRNA D1/D2 domain) and amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (454 pyrosequencing). We fed five groups of H. illucens larvae at the third growing stage on two substrates: chicken feed and/or vegetable waste, provided at different timings. The obtained results indicated that Pichia was the most abundant genus associated with the larvae fed on vegetable waste, whereas Trichosporon, Rhodotorula and Geotrichum were the most abundant genera in the larvae fed on chicken feed only. Differences in the fungal communities were highlighted, suggesting that the type of substrate selects diverse yeast and mold genera, in particular vegetable waste is associated with a greater diversity of fungal species compared to chicken feed only. A further confirmation of the significant influence of diet on the mycobiota is the fact that no operational taxonomic unit common to all groups of larvae was detected. Finally, the killer phenotype of isolated yeasts was tested, showing the inhibitory activity of just one species against sensitive strains, out of the 11 tested species.
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23
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Duarte-Oliveira C, Rodrigues F, Gonçalves SM, Goldman GH, Carvalho A, Cunha C. The Cell Biology of the Trichosporon-Host Interaction. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:118. [PMID: 28439501 PMCID: PMC5383668 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi of the genus Trichosporon are increasingly recognized as causative agents of superficial and invasive fungal disease in humans. Although most species are considered commensals of the human skin and gastrointestinal tract, these basidiomycetes are an increasing cause of fungal disease among immunocompromised hosts, such as hematological patients and solid organ transplant recipients. The initiation of commensal or pathogenic programs by Trichosporon spp. involves the adaptation to the host microenvironment and its immune system. However, the exact virulence factors activated upon the transition to a pathogenic lifestyle, including the intricate biology of the cell wall, and how these interact with and subvert the host immune responses remain largely unknown. Here, we revisit our current understanding of the virulence attributes of Trichosporon spp., particularly T. asahii, and their interaction with the host immune system, and accommodate this knowledge within novel perspectives on fungal diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio Duarte-Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fernando Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Samuel M Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Gustavo H Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, Portugal
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24
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Lombardi L, Zoppo M, Rizzato C, Egan CG, Scarpato R, Tavanti A. Use of Amplification Fragment Length Polymorphism to Genotype Pseudomonas stutzeri Strains Following Exposure to Ultraviolet Light A. Pol J Microbiol 2017; 66:107-111. [PMID: 29359695 DOI: 10.5604/17331331.1234998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in ultraviolet light radiation can act as a selective force on the genetic and physiological traits of a microbial community. Two strains of the common soil bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri, isolated from aquifer cores and from human spinal fluid were exposed to ultraviolet light. Amplification length polymorphism analysis (AFLP) was used to genotype this bacterial species and evaluate the effect of UVA-exposure on genomic DNA extracted from 18 survival colonies of the two strains compared to unexposed controls. AFLP showed a high discriminatory power, confirming the existence of different genotypes within the species and presence of DNA polymorphisms in UVA-exposed colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lombardi
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Marina Zoppo
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Cosmeri Rizzato
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Arianna Tavanti
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Italy
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25
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Motooka D, Fujimoto K, Tanaka R, Yaguchi T, Gotoh K, Maeda Y, Furuta Y, Kurakawa T, Goto N, Yasunaga T, Narazaki M, Kumanogoh A, Horii T, Iida T, Takeda K, Nakamura S. Fungal ITS1 Deep-Sequencing Strategies to Reconstruct the Composition of a 26-Species Community and Evaluation of the Gut Mycobiota of Healthy Japanese Individuals. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:238. [PMID: 28261190 PMCID: PMC5309391 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of mycobiota remains relatively unexplored due to the lack of sufficient available reference strains and databases compared to those of bacterial microbiome studies. Deep sequencing of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions is the de facto standard for fungal diversity analysis. However, results are often biased because of the wide variety of sequence lengths in the ITS regions and the complexity of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies. In this study, a curated ITS database, ntF-ITS1, was constructed. This database can be utilized for the taxonomic assignment of fungal community members. We evaluated the efficacy of strategies for mycobiome analysis by using this database and characterizing a mock fungal community consisting of 26 species representing 15 genera using ITS1 sequencing with three HTS platforms: Illumina MiSeq (MiSeq), Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (IonPGM), and Pacific Biosciences (PacBio). Our evaluation demonstrated that PacBio's circular consensus sequencing with greater than 8 full-passes most accurately reconstructed the composition of the mock community. Using this strategy for deep-sequencing analysis of the gut mycobiota in healthy Japanese individuals revealed two major mycobiota types: a single-species type composed of Candida albicans or Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a multi-species type. In this study, we proposed the best possible processing strategies for the three sequencing platforms, of which, the PacBio platform allowed for the most accurate estimation of the fungal community. The database and methodology described here provide critical tools for the emerging field of mycobiome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University Suita, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka UniversitySuita, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka UniversitySuita, Japan
| | - Reiko Tanaka
- Division of Bio-resources, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Yaguchi
- Division of Bio-resources, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Gotoh
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka UniversitySuita, Japan; Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityOkayama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Maeda
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka UniversitySuita, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka UniversitySuita, Japan
| | - Yoki Furuta
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University Suita, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurakawa
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University Suita, Japan
| | - Naohisa Goto
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University Suita, Japan
| | - Teruo Yasunaga
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University Suita, Japan
| | - Masashi Narazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Suita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Suita, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Horii
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University Suita, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Iida
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University Suita, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University Suita, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University Suita, Japan
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26
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Ikeda R, Ogasawara Y, Takatori K, Ichikawa T, Nakajima M, Harigaya K, Watanabe M, Okudaira E, Yoshikawa H, Yanagisawa K. Growth Inhibition of an Opportunistic Yeast Pathogen Trichosporon asahii by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:693-697. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Ikeda
- Department of Microbial Science and Host Defense, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yuki Ogasawara
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kazuhiko Takatori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
| | - Tomoe Ichikawa
- Department of Microbial Science and Host Defense, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
| | - Miki Nakajima
- Department of Microbial Science and Host Defense, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kazuko Harigaya
- Department of Microbial Science and Host Defense, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
| | - Miho Watanabe
- Department of Microbial Science and Host Defense, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
| | - Erika Okudaira
- Department of Microbial Science and Host Defense, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hanari Yoshikawa
- Department of Microbial Science and Host Defense, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kazuki Yanagisawa
- Department of Microbial Science and Host Defense, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
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27
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Ichikawa T, Hirata C, Takei M, Tagami N, Murasawa H, Ikeda R. Cell surface hydrophobicity and colony morphology of Trichosporon asahii clinical isolates. Yeast 2016; 34:129-137. [PMID: 27862261 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichosporon asahii is a pathogenic basidiomycetous yeast. Individual strains of T. asahii have different colony morphologies. However, it is not clear whether cell surface phenotypes differ among the colony morphologies. Here we characterized the cell surface hydrophobicity and analysed the carbohydrate contents of the cell surface polysaccharides in T. asahii clinical isolates with various colony morphologies. Among the three distinctive colony morphologies obtained from one clinical isolate, the white-type morphology exhibited higher hydrophobicity. The hydrophobicity of heat-killed T. asahii cells was greatly reduced after periodate oxidation of the cell surface carbohydrates. Furthermore, the cell wall and extracellular polysaccharide components differed among the morphologies. Our results suggest that T. asahii cell surface hydrophobicity is affected by cell surface carbohydrate composition. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoe Ichikawa
- Department of Microbial Science and Host Defense, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Chihiro Hirata
- Department of Microbial Science and Host Defense, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Mizuki Takei
- Department of Microbial Science and Host Defense, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Tagami
- Department of Microbial Science and Host Defense, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Hiromi Murasawa
- Department of Microbial Science and Host Defense, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Reiko Ikeda
- Department of Microbial Science and Host Defense, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
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28
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de Almeida Júnior JN, Hennequin C. Invasive Trichosporon Infection: a Systematic Review on a Re-emerging Fungal Pathogen. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1629. [PMID: 27799926 PMCID: PMC5065970 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This review aimed to better depict the clinical features and address the issue of therapeutic management of Trichosporon deep-seated infections. Methods: We comprehensively reviewed the cases of invasive Trichosporon infection reported in the literature from 1994 (date of taxonomic modification) to 2015. Data from antifungal susceptibility testing (AST) studies were also analyzed. Results: Two hundred and three cases were retained and split into four groups: homeopathy (n = 79), other immunodeficiency conditions (n = 41), miscellaneous (n = 58) and newborns (n = 25). Trichosporon asahii was the main causative species (46.7%) and may exhibit cross-resistance to different antifungal classes. The unfavorable outcome rate was at 44.3%. By multivariate analysis, breakthrough infection (OR 2.45) was associated with unfavorable outcome, whilst the use of an azole-based therapy improved the prognosis (OR 0.16). Voriconazole-based treatment was associated with favorable outcome in hematological patients (73.6 vs. 41.8%; p = 0.016). Compiled data from AST demonstrated that (i) T. asahii exhibits the highest MICs to amphotericin B and (ii) voriconazole has the best in vitro efficacy against clinical isolates of Trichosporon spp. Conclusions:Trichosporon infection is not only restricted to hematological patients. Analysis of compiled data from AST and clinical outcome support the use of voriconazole as first line therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- João N de Almeida Júnior
- Central Laboratory Division-LIM03, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Medical Mycology-LIM53, Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christophe Hennequin
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie-AP-HP, Hôpital St AntoineParis, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1135, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ERL 8255, Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC)Paris, France; Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Bd de l'hôpitalParis, France
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Zhuang K, Ran X, Dai Y, Tang J, Yang Q, Pradhan S, Ran Y. An Unusual Case of White Piedra Due to Trichosporon inkin Mimicking Trichobacteriosis. Mycopathologia 2016; 181:909-914. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sugita T, Yamazaki T, Makimura K, Cho O, Yamada S, Ohshima H, Mukai C. Comprehensive analysis of the skin fungal microbiota of astronauts during a half-year stay at the International Space Station. Med Mycol 2016; 54:232-9. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myv121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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31
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A critical role of Dectin-1 in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Inflamm Res 2015; 65:235-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0910-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Cho O, Matsukura M, Sugita T. Molecular evidence that the opportunistic fungal pathogen Trichosporon asahii is part of the normal fungal microbiota of the human gut based on rRNA genotyping. Int J Infect Dis 2015; 39:87-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Mariné M, Brown NA, Riaño-Pachón DM, Goldman GH. On and Under the Skin: Emerging Basidiomycetous Yeast Infections Caused by Trichosporon Species. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004982. [PMID: 26226483 PMCID: PMC4520462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marçal Mariné
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neil Andrew Brown
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Henrique Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol—CTBE, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Kim MS, Kim JK, Lee MW, Moon KC, Kim BJ, Son SW, Ahn HH, Oh SH, Yu HJ, Lee DY, Cho KH, Cho BK, Kim MB, Suh KS, Kim YC, Ro BI, Park JS, Choi JS, Lee JB. Epidemiology of deep cutaneous fungal infections in Korea (2006-2010). J Dermatol 2015; 42:962-6. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Shin Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Department of Dermatology; Sanggye Paik Hospital; Inje University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Mi Woo Lee
- Department of Dermatology; Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Kee-Chan Moon
- Department of Dermatology; Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Sang Wook Son
- Department of Dermatology; College of Medicine; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyo Hyun Ahn
- Department of Dermatology; College of Medicine; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - Sang Ho Oh
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Hee Joon Yu
- Department of Dermatology; Hanyang University College of Medicine; Guri Korea
| | - Dong Youn Lee
- Department of Dermatology; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Cho
- Department of Dermatology; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Baik Kee Cho
- Department of Dermatology; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Korea
| | - Moon Bum Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Pusan National University School of Medicine; Busan Korea
| | - Kee Suck Suh
- Department of Dermatology; Kosin University College of Medicine; Busan Korea
| | - You Chan Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Ajou University School of Medicine; Suwon Korea
| | - Byung In Ro
- Department of Dermatology; Kwandong University College of Medicine; Goyang Korea
| | - Joon Soo Park
- Department of Dermatology; College of Medicine; Catholic University of Daegu; Daegu Korea
| | - Jong Soo Choi
- Department of Dermatology; Yeungnam University College of Medicine; Daegu Korea
| | - Jee Bum Lee
- Department of Dermatology; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Korea
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Ilyas S, Rehman A, Varela AC, Sheehan D. Redox proteomics changes in the fungal pathogen Trichosporon asahii on arsenic exposure: identification of protein responses to metal-induced oxidative stress in an environmentally-sampled isolate. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102340. [PMID: 25062082 PMCID: PMC4111368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichosporon asahii is a yeast pathogen implicated in opportunistic infections. Cultures of an isolate collected from industrial wastewater were exposed for 2 days to 100 mg/L sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) and cadmium (CdCl2). Both metals reduced glutathione transferase (GST) activity but had no effect on superoxide dismutase or catalase. NaAsO2 exposure increased glutathione reductase activity while CdCl2 had no effect. Protein thiols were labeled with 5-iodoacetamido fluorescein followed by one dimensional electrophoresis which revealed extensive protein thiol oxidation in response to CdCl2 treatment but thiol reduction in response to NaAsO2. Two dimensional electrophoresis analyses showed that the intensity of some protein spots was enhanced on treatment as judged by SameSpots image analysis software. In addition, some spots showed decreased IAF fluorescence suggesting thiol oxidation. Selected spots were excised and tryptic digested for identification by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. Twenty unique T. asahii proteins were identified of which the following proteins were up-regulated in response to NaAsO2: 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase, phospholipase B, alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase, ATP synthase alpha chain, 20S proteasome beta-type subunit Pre3p and the hypothetical proteins A1Q1_08001, A1Q2_03020, A1Q1_06950, A1Q1_06913. In addition, the following showed decreased thiol-associated fluorescence consistent with thiol oxidation; aconitase; aldehyde reductase I; phosphoglycerate kinase; translation elongation factor 2; heat shock protein 70 and hypothetical protein A1Q2_04745. Some proteins showed both increase in abundance coupled with decrease in IAF fluorescence; 3-hydroxyisobutyryl- CoA hydrolase; homoserine dehydrogenase Hom6 and hypothetical proteins A1Q2_03020 and A1Q1_00754. Targets implicated in redox response included 10 unique metabolic enzymes, heat shock proteins, a component of the 20S proteasome and translation elongation factor 2. These data suggest extensive proteomic alterations in response to metal-induced oxidative stress in T. asahii. Amino acid metabolism, protein folding and degradation are principally affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Ilyas
- Dept. Of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Dept. Of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ana Coelho Varela
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - David Sheehan
- Environmental Research Institute and School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Épidémiologie des otomycoses au centre hospitalier et universitaire de Yopougon (Abidjan-Côte d’Ivoire). J Mycol Med 2014; 24:e9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2013.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Czaika V, Nenoff P, Glöckner A, Fegeler W, Becker K, Schmalreck AF. Epidemiology and changes in patient-related factors from 1997 to 2009 in clinical yeast isolates related to dermatology, gynaecology, and paediatrics. Int J Microbiol 2013; 2013:703905. [PMID: 24391669 PMCID: PMC3874336 DOI: 10.1155/2013/703905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
From 1997 to 2009, 1,862 dermatology, gynaecology, and paediatrics (DGP) associated clinical yeast isolates were analysed for species occurrence, specimen origin and type, (multi-) resistance pattern, and testing period. The top seven of the isolated DGP-associated species remained the same as compared to total medical wards, with Candida albicans (45%) as most frequent pathogen. However, the DGP wards and DGP ICUs showed species-specific profiles; that is, the species distribution is clinic-specific similar and however differs in their percentage from ward to ward. By applying the "one fungus one name" principle, respectively, the appropriate current taxonomic species denominations, it has been shown that no trend to emerging species from 1998 to 2008 could be detected. In particular the frequently isolated non-Candida albicans species isolated in the DGP departments have already been detected in or before 1997. As yeasts are part of the cutaneous microbiota and play an important role as opportunistic pathogens for superficial infections, proper identification of the isolates according to the new nomenclature deems to be essential for specific and calculated antifungal therapy for yeast-like DGP-related infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Czaika
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pietro Nenoff
- Laboratorium für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Straße des Friedens 8, 04579 Mölbis, Germany
| | - Andreas Glöckner
- BDH-Klinik Greifswald GmbH, Karl-Liebknecht-Ring 26a, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Fegeler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Domagkstraße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Karsten Becker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Domagkstraße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Murillo N, Raoult D. Skin microbiota: overview and role in the skin diseases acne vulgaris and rosacea. Future Microbiol 2013; 8:209-22. [PMID: 23374126 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.12.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As the first barrier to environmental exposures, human skin has developed an integrated immune system to protect the inner body from chemical, physical or microbial insults. Microorganisms inhabiting superficial skin layers are known as skin microbiota and include bacteria, viruses, archaea and fungi. The microbiota composition is crucial in the instruction and support of the skin's immune system. Changes in microbiota can be due to individual, environmental or behavioral factors, such as age, climate, hygiene or antibiotic consumption, which can cause dysbiosis. The contribution of skin microbiota to disease development is known in atopic dermatitis, where there is an increase in Staphylococcus aureus. Culture-independent studies have enabled more accurate descriptions of this complex interplay. Microbial imbalance is associated with the development of various diseases. This review focuses on microbial imbalances in acne vulgaris and rosacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Murillo
- Université Aix Marseille, URMITE, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
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Tokimatsu I. [Trichosporonosis]. Med Mycol J 2012; 53:169-74. [PMID: 23149350 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.53.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Menezes EA, Marinho JADS, Angelo MRF, Cunha MDCDSO, Cunha FA, Vasconcelos Júnior AAD. Isolation and antifungal susceptibility testing of Trichosporon asahii in Ceará, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2012; 54:1-3. [PMID: 22370746 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652012000100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichosporon spp. are yeasts capable of causing invasive disease, which mainly affect immunocompromised patients. A clinical strain of T. asahii was isolated from the blood cultures of patients admitted to the General Hospital of Fortaleza. Susceptibility tests were conducted by disk diffusion and broth microdilution. The isolated strain of T. asahii was resistant to fluconazole. The patient used amphotericin B and caspofungin in order to facilitate the microbiological cure. It was the first isolation and identification of T. asahii in blood culture in Ceará, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everardo Albuquerque Menezes
- Laboratory of Microbiology of Yeasts, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Brasil
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