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Harasym J, Dziendzikowska K, Kopiasz Ł, Wilczak J, Sapierzyński R, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J. Consumption of Feed Supplemented with Oat Beta-Glucan as a Chemopreventive Agent against Colon Cancerogenesis in Rats. Nutrients 2024; 16:1125. [PMID: 38674816 PMCID: PMC11054053 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for 30% of all cancer cases worldwide and is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. CRC develops over a long period of time, and in the early stages, pathological changes can be mitigated through nutritional interventions using bioactive plant compounds. Our study aims to determine the effect of highly purified oat beta-glucan on an animal CRC model. The study was performed on forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats with azoxymethane-induced early-stage CRC, which consumed feed containing 1% or 3% low molar mass oat beta-glucan (OBG) for 8 weeks. In the large intestine, morphological changes, CRC signaling pathway genes (RT-PCR), and proteins (Western blot, immunohistochemistry) expression were analyzed. Whole blood hematology and blood redox status were also performed. Results indicated that the histologically confirmed CRC condition led to a downregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway, along with alterations in oncogenic and tumor suppressor gene expression. However, OBG significantly modulated these effects, with the 3% OBG showing a more pronounced impact. Furthermore, CRC rats exhibited elevated levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity in the blood, along with decreased white blood cell and lymphocyte counts. Consumption of OBG at any dose normalized these parameters. The minimal effect of OBG in the physiological intestine and the high activity in the pathological condition suggest that OBG is both safe and effective in early-stage CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Harasym
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Analysis, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, 53-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dziendzikowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.); (J.G.-O.)
| | - Łukasz Kopiasz
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.); (J.G.-O.)
| | - Jacek Wilczak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Rafał Sapierzyński
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.); (J.G.-O.)
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2
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Choi Y, Kim N. Sex Difference of Colon Adenoma Pathway and Colorectal Carcinogenesis. World J Mens Health 2024; 42:256-282. [PMID: 37652658 PMCID: PMC10949019 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer morbidity in both sexes but shows sex differences. First, sex-specific differences in tumor recurrence and survival rates have been reported. For example, the development of CRC is found about 1.5 times higher and 4-8 years earlier in males compared to females, suggesting the protective role of estrogen in the disease. Furthermore, female patients have a higher risk of developing right-sided (proximal) colon cancer than male patients, which is known to have more aggressive clinical character compared to left-sided (distal) colon cancer. That is, left and right CRCs show differences in carcinogenic mechanism, that the chromosomal instability pathway is more common in left colon cancer while the microsatellite instability and serrated pathways are more common in right colon cancer. It is thought that there are sex-based differences on the background of carcinogenesis of CRC. Sex differences of CRC have two aspects, sexual dimorphism (biological differences in hormones and genes) and gender differences (non-biological differences in societal attitudes and behavior). Recently, sex difference of colon adenoma pathway and sexual dimorphism in the biology of gene and protein expression, and in endocrine cellular signaling in the CRC carcinogenesis have been accumulated. In addition, behavioral patterns can lead to differences in exposure to risk factors such as drinking or smoking, diet and physical activity. Therefore, understanding sex/gender-related biological and sociocultural differences in CRC risk will help in providing strategies for screening, treatment and prevention protocols to reduce the mortality and improve the quality of life. In this review, sex/gender differences in colon adenoma pathway and various aspects such as clinicopathological, biological, molecular, and socio-cultural aspects of CRC were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghoon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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3
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Matsumoto Y, Fukui T, Horitani S, Tanimura Y, Suzuki R, Tomiyama T, Honzawa Y, Tahara T, Okazaki K, Naganuma M. A Short-Term Model of Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer That Suggests Initial Tumor Development and the Characteristics of Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11697. [PMID: 37511456 PMCID: PMC10380789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the transition from colitis-associated inflammation to carcinogenesis and the cell origin of cancer formation are still unclear. The azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) mouse model reproduces human colitis-associated colorectal cancer. To elucidate the mechanisms of cancer development and dynamics of the linker threonine-phosphorylated Smad2/3 (pSmad2/3L-Thr)-positive cells, we explored the early stages of colitis-associated colorectal cancer in AOM/DSS mice. The AOM/DSS mice were sacrificed at 4 to 6 weeks following AOM administration. To analyze the initial lesions, immunofluorescence staining for the following markers was performed: β-catenin, Ki67, CDK4, Sox9, Bmi1, cyclin D1, and pSmad2/3L-Thr. Micro-neoplastic lesions were flat and unrecognizable, and the uni-cryptal ones were either open to the surfaces or hidden within the mucosae. These neoplastic cells overexpressed β-catenin, Sox9, Ki67, and Cyclin D1 and had large basophilic nuclei in the immature atypical cells. In both the lesions, pSmad2/3L-Thr-positive cells were scattered and showed immunohistochemical co-localization with β-catenin, CDK4, and Bmi1 but never with Ki67. More β-catenin-positive neoplastic cells of both lesions were detected at the top compared to the base or center of the mucosae. We confirmed initial lesions in the colitis-associated colorectal cancer model mice and observed results that suggest that pSmad2/3L-Thr is a biomarker for tissue stem cells and cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fukui
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Horitani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yuji Tanimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
| | - Takashi Tomiyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yusuke Honzawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Tahara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Okazaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
| | - Makoto Naganuma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
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4
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Uddin MJ, Niitsu H, Coffey RJ, Marnett LJ. Development of Pluoronic nanoparticles of fluorocoxib A for endoscopic fluorescence imaging of colonic adenomas. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:040501. [PMID: 37091910 PMCID: PMC10118138 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.4.040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance Current white light colonoscopy suffers from many limitations that allow 22% to 32% of preneoplastic lesions to remain undetected. This high number of false negatives contributes to the appearance of interval malignancies, defined as neoplasms diagnosed between screening colonoscopies at a rate of 2% to 6%. Aim The shortcomings of today's white light-based colorectal cancer screening are addressed by colonoscopic fluorescence imaging of preneoplastic lesions using targeted fluorescent agents to enhance contrast between the lesion and the surrounding normal colonic epithelium. Approach We describe the development of Pluronic® nanoparticles of fluorocoxib A (FA), a fluorescent cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor that enables targeted imaging of inflammation and cancer in numerous animal models, for endoscopic florescence imaging of colonic adenomas. Results We formulated FA, a fluorescent COX-2 inhibitor, or fluorocoxib negative control (FNC), a nontargeted fluorophore and a negative control for FA, in micellar nanoparticles of FDA approved Pluronic tri-block co-polymer using a bulk solvent evaporation method. This afforded FA-loaded micellar nanoparticles (FA-NPs) or FNC-loaded micellar nanoparticles (FNC-NPs) with the hydrodynamic diameters (D h ) of 45.7 ± 2.5 nm and 44.9 ± 3.8 nm and the zeta potentials ( ζ ) of - 1.47 ± 0.3 mV and - 1.64 ± 0.5 mV , respectively. We intravenously injected B6;129 mice bearing colonic adenomas induced by azoxymethane and dextran-sodium sulfate with FA-loaded Pluronic nanoparticles (FA-NPs). The diffusion-mediated local FA release and its binding to COX-2 enzyme allowed for clear detection of adenomas with high signal-to-noise ratios. The COX-2 targeted delivery and tumor retention were validated by negligible tumor fluorescence detected upon colonoscopic imaging of adenoma-bearing mice injected with Pluronic nanoparticles of FNC or of animals predosed with the COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, followed by intravenous dosing of FA-NPs. Conclusions These results demonstrate that the formulation of FA in Pluronic nanoparticles overcomes a significant hurdle to its clinical development for early detection of colorectal neoplasms by fluorescence endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Jashim Uddin
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Hiroaki Niitsu
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Lawrence J. Marnett
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Chemistry, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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5
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Ajeigbe OF, Maruf OR, Anyebe DA, Opafunso IT, Ajayi BO, Farombi EO. 6- shogaol suppresses AOM/DSS-mediated colorectal adenoma through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in mice. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14422. [PMID: 36125935 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal adenoma appears as benign lesions and is a precursor of colorectal adenocarcinoma. The effect of 6-Shogaol (6-[S]), a bioactive agent from ginger, in early colonic adenoma growth is unknown. As a result, this study examines the effect of 6-[S] in a mouse colorectal adenoma model induced by Azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Adult male mice served as control in Group 1. Group 2 was treated orally with 6-[S] extract (20 mg/kg BW). Group 3 was exposed to AOM (25 mg/kg BW, ip) and one cycle of DSS (2.5%) in drinking water alone while Group 4 was co-treated with 6-[S] for twenty-one (21) days. The body weight gain, organ weight and length, oxidative stress indices, inflammatory markers and histological examination were estimated. Our findings show that 6-[S] co-treatment reversed AOM/DSS-induced elevation in colon weight, colon length, nitric oxide (NO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), hydrogen peroxidase (H2 O2 ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). However, the antioxidant enzyme activities measured namely catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), and glutathione-S-transferase were significantly increased in 6-[S] treated mice. Taken together, the protective effect of 6-[S] on oxidative burden, inflammation, and histological aberration observed in the colon of the AOM/DSS model of adenoma growth in mice is mediated primarily owing to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. Thus, this study reveals 6-[S] as a useful agent in the possible clinical intervention of colorectal adenoma. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Certain spices have been reported to have numerous phytochemicals with numerous medicinal purposes. However, no studies have been conducted to investigate the role of 6-[S], a phytochemical found in ginger, in the treatment of colorectal adenoma. The study's findings show that 6-[S] is protective in early colonic cancer development, as it manages colorectal adenoma cancer models of AOM/DSS. As a result, 6-[S]'s ability to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the colon may be a potential nutritional therapeutic adjuvant for colorectal adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufunke Florence Ajeigbe
- Drug Metabolism & Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi Rabiat Maruf
- Drug Metabolism & Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Daniel Abu Anyebe
- Drug Metabolism & Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoluwa Tobi Opafunso
- Drug Metabolism & Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Babajide Oluwaseun Ajayi
- Drug Metabolism & Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ebenezer Olatunde Farombi
- Drug Metabolism & Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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6
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Paul C, Tang R, Longobardi C, Lattanzio R, Eguether T, Turali H, Bremond J, Maurizy C, Gabola M, Poupeau S, Turtoi A, Denicolai E, Cufaro MC, Svrcek M, Seksik P, Castronovo V, Delvenne P, de Laurenzi V, Da Costa Q, Bertucci F, Lemmers B, Pieragostino D, Mamessier E, Janke C, Pinet V, Hahne M. Loss of primary cilia promotes inflammation and carcinogenesis. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55687. [PMID: 36281991 PMCID: PMC9724674 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia (PC) are important signaling hubs, and we here explored their role in colonic pathology. In the colon, PC are mostly present on fibroblasts, and exposure of mice to either chemically induced colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis (CAC) or dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute colitis decreases PC numbers. We generated conditional knockout mice with reduced numbers of PC on colonic fibroblasts. These mice show increased susceptibility to CAC, as well as DSS-induced colitis. Secretome and immunohistochemical analyses of DSS-treated mice display an elevated production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 in PC-deficient colons. An inflammatory environment diminishes PC presence in primary fibroblast cultures, which is triggered by IL-6 as identified by RNA-seq analysis together with blocking experiments. These findings suggest an activation loop between IL-6 production and PC loss. An analysis of PC presence on biopsies of patients with ulcerative colitis or colorectal cancer (CRC) reveals decreased numbers of PC on colonic fibroblasts in pathological compared with surrounding normal tissue. Taken together, we provide evidence that a decrease in colonic PC numbers promotes colitis and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conception Paul
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Label “Equipe FRM”MontpellierFrance
| | - Ruizhi Tang
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Label “Equipe FRM”MontpellierFrance
| | - Ciro Longobardi
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Label “Equipe FRM”MontpellierFrance,Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Rossano Lattanzio
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST)‘G. d'Annunzio’ University of Chieti–PescaraChietiItaly
| | - Thibaut Eguether
- Centre de Recherche Saint AntoineSorbonne Université, INSERM, APHPParisFrance
| | - Hulya Turali
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Label “Equipe FRM”MontpellierFrance
| | - Julie Bremond
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Label “Equipe FRM”MontpellierFrance
| | - Chloé Maurizy
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Label “Equipe FRM”MontpellierFrance
| | - Monica Gabola
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Label “Equipe FRM”MontpellierFrance
| | - Sophie Poupeau
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Label “Equipe FRM”MontpellierFrance
| | - Andrei Turtoi
- Tumor Microenvironment and Resistance to Treatment Laboratory, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Emilie Denicolai
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Inserm U1068 ‐ CNRS UMR7258 – University of Aix‐Marseille UM105 ‐ Paoli Calmettes Institute (IPC)Label “Ligue contre le cancer”MarseilleFrance
| | - Maria Concetta Cufaro
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST)‘G. d'Annunzio’ University of Chieti–PescaraChietiItaly
| | - Magali Svrcek
- Department of Pathology, AP‐HP, Hôpital Saint‐AntoineSorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Philippe Seksik
- Centre de Recherche Saint AntoineSorbonne Université, INSERM, APHPParisFrance
| | - Vincent Castronovo
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA CancerUniversity of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Philippe Delvenne
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Inserm U1068 ‐ CNRS UMR7258 – University of Aix‐Marseille UM105 ‐ Paoli Calmettes Institute (IPC)Label “Ligue contre le cancer”MarseilleFrance,Department of Pathology, University Hospital (CHU)University of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Vincenzo de Laurenzi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST)‘G. d'Annunzio’ University of Chieti–PescaraChietiItaly
| | - Quentin Da Costa
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Inserm U1068 ‐ CNRS UMR7258 – University of Aix‐Marseille UM105 ‐ Paoli Calmettes Institute (IPC)Label “Ligue contre le cancer”MarseilleFrance
| | - François Bertucci
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Inserm U1068 ‐ CNRS UMR7258 – University of Aix‐Marseille UM105 ‐ Paoli Calmettes Institute (IPC)Label “Ligue contre le cancer”MarseilleFrance
| | - Bénédicte Lemmers
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Label “Equipe FRM”MontpellierFrance
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST)‘G. d'Annunzio’ University of Chieti–PescaraChietiItaly
| | - Emilie Mamessier
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Inserm U1068 ‐ CNRS UMR7258 – University of Aix‐Marseille UM105 ‐ Paoli Calmettes Institute (IPC)Label “Ligue contre le cancer”MarseilleFrance
| | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 3348Label “Equipe FRM”OrsayFrance,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris‐Saclay, CNRS UMR 3348OrsayFrance
| | - Valérie Pinet
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Label “Equipe FRM”MontpellierFrance
| | - Michael Hahne
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Label “Equipe FRM”MontpellierFrance
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Hakura A, Koyama N, Seki Y, Sonoda J, Asakura S. o-Aminoazotoluene, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, which are mutagenic but not carcinogenic in the colon, rapidly induce colonic tumors in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Genes Environ 2022; 44:11. [PMID: 35351212 PMCID: PMC8966303 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-022-00240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several rodent models with chemically induced colon cancer have been developed. Among these models, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), a colitis inducer, combined with azoxymethane as a colon mutagenic carcinogen, is commonly used. We previously reported that although benzo [a] pyrene (BP) is mutagenic but not carcinogenic in the colon, it rapidly develops colon tumors at a high incidence/multiplicity after treatment with DSS. In the present study, we examined whether other colon-mutagenic non-carcinogens (CMNCs) induced colon tumors after treatment with DSS. RESULTS o-Aminoazotoluene, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea were selected as CMNCs. Male CD2F1 mice were orally administered CMNC for 5 consecutive days. After a 9-day dose-free period, mice were treated with 4% DSS in drinking water for 1 week. Three months after DSS treatment, colon samples were collected for histopathology and β-catenin immunohistochemistry analyses. All CMNCs in combination with DSS induced colonic adenocarcinomas at a high incidence/multiplicity in the distal and middle parts of the colon, coinciding with the location of colitis. Unlike in normal cells where β-catenin is exclusively located on the cell membrane, in adenocarcinoma cells, it was translocated to both the nucleus and cytoplasm or only to cytoplasm. The translocation of β-catenin is closely associated with colon carcinogenesis in rodents and humans. No colonic tumors or dysplastic lesions were found after exposure to either CMNC or DSS alone. CONCLUSION We provided further evidence clearly showing that CMNCs can rapidly induce colonic tumors in mice with DSS-induced colitis, even if they are not colonic carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hakura
- Global Drug Safety, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-2635, Japan.
| | - Naoki Koyama
- Global Drug Safety, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-2635, Japan
| | - Yuki Seki
- Global Drug Safety, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-2635, Japan
| | - Jiro Sonoda
- Global Drug Safety (present affiliation, Advanced Data Assurance), Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-2635, Japan
| | - Shoji Asakura
- Global Drug Safety, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-2635, Japan
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8
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Arnesen H, Müller MHB, Aleksandersen M, Østby GC, Carlsen H, Paulsen JE, Boysen P. Induction of colorectal carcinogenesis in the C57BL/6J and A/J mouse strains with a reduced DSS dose in the AOM/DSS model. Lab Anim Res 2021; 37:19. [PMID: 34315530 PMCID: PMC8317392 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-021-00096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide and thus mouse models of CRC are of significant value to study the pathogenesis. The Azoxymethane/Dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS) model is a widely used, robust initiation-promotion model for chemical induction of colitis-associated CRC in rodents. However, the dosage of chemicals, treatment regimens and outcome measures vary greatly among studies employing this model. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine an AOM/DSS model involving a reduced (1%) dose of DSS for induction of carcinogenesis in A/J and C57BL/6J (B6) mice. Results We show that colonic preneoplastic lesions can be reliably detected in A/J and B6 mice by use of a AOM/DSS model involving a single injection of 10 mg/kg AOM followed by three 7-day cycles of a low-dose (1%) DSS administration. Supporting existing evidence of A/J mice exhibiting higher susceptibility to AOM than B6 mice, our AOM/DSS-treated A/J mice developed the highest number of large colonic lesions. Clinical symptoms in both strains subjected to the AOM/DSS treatment did not persist in-between treatment cycles, demonstrating that the animals tolerated the treatment well. Conclusions Our findings suggest that a reduced dose of DSS in the AOM/DSS model can be considered in future studies of early phase colorectal carcinogenesis in the A/J and B6 mouse strains using preneoplastic lesions as an outcome measure, and that such regimen may reduce the risk of early trial terminations to accommodate human endpoints. Overall, our data emphasize the importance of devoting attention towards choice of protocol, outcome measures and mouse strain in studies of CRC in mice according to the study purpose. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42826-021-00096-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Arnesen
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway. .,Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway.
| | - Mette Helen Bjørge Müller
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Mona Aleksandersen
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunn Charlotte Østby
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Carlsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Jan Erik Paulsen
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Preben Boysen
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
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9
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Song CH, Kim N, Nam RH, Choi SI, Yu JE, Nho H, Surh YJ. Changes in Microbial Community Composition Related to Sex and Colon Cancer by Nrf2 Knockout. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:636808. [PMID: 34249773 PMCID: PMC8261249 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.636808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequency of azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced carcinogenesis in male mice is higher than that in female mice. Previous studies have reported that 17β-estradiol inhibits tumorigenesis in males by modulating nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). This study aimed to investigate the changes in mouse gut microbiome composition based on sex, AOM/DSS-induced colorectal cancer (CRC), and Nrf2 genotype. The gut microbiome composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing fecal samples obtained at week 16 post-AOM administration. In terms of sex differences, our results showed that the wild-type (WT) male control mice had higher alpha diversity (i.e. Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson) than the WT female control mice. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) results revealed that the abundances of Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus murinus were higher in WT male control mice than in WT female controls. In terms of colon tumorigenesis, the alpha diversity of the male CRC group was lower than that of the male controls in both WT and Nrf2 KO, but did not show such changes in females. Furthermore, the abundance of A. muciniphila was higher in male CRC groups than in male controls in both WT and Nrf2 KO. The abundance of Bacteroides vulgatus was higher in WT CRC groups than in WT controls in both males and females. However, the abundance of L. murinus was lower in WT female CRC and Nrf2 KO male CRC groups than in its controls. The abundance of A. muciniphila was not altered by Nrf2 KO. In contrast, the abundances of L. murinus and B. vulgatus were changed differently by Nrf2 KO depending on sex and CRC. Interestingly, L. murinus showed negative correlation with tumor numbers in the whole colon. In addition, B. vulgatus showed positive correlation with inflammatory markers (i.e. myeloperoxidase and IL-1β levels), tumor numbers, and high-grade adenoma, especially, developed mucosal and submucosal invasive adenocarcinoma at the distal part of the colon. In conclusion, Nrf2 differentially alters the gut microbiota composition depending on sex and CRC induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hee Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ryoung Hee Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Soo In Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Heewon Nho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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10
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Hammad A, Zheng ZH, Namani A, Elshaer M, Wang XJ, Tang X. Transcriptome analysis of potential candidate genes and molecular pathways in colitis-associated colorectal cancer of Mkp-1-deficient mice. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:607. [PMID: 34034704 PMCID: PMC8152130 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear phosphatase mitogen-activate protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is a key negative regulator of the innate immune response through the regulation of the biosynthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. In colorectal cancer (CRC), which is induced mainly by chronic inflammation, Mkp-1 overexpression was found in addition to disturbances in Mkp-1 functions, which may play a role in cancer development in different types of tumors. However, the potential molecular mechanisms by which Mkp-1 influences CRC development is not clear. Here, we performed global gene expression profiling of Mkp-1 KO mice using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to explore the role of Mkp-1 in CRC progression using transcriptome analysis. METHODS Azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) mouse models were used to examine the most dramatic molecular and signaling changes that occur during different phases of CRC development in wild-type mice and Mkp-1 KO mice. Comprehensive bioinformatics analyses were used to elucidate the molecular processes regulated by Mkp-1. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and functionally analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Enrichment of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Then, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was conducted using the STRING database and Cytoscape software. RESULTS Persistent DEGs were different in adenoma and carcinoma stage (238 & 251, respectively) and in WT and MKp-1 KO mice (221& 196, respectively). Mkp-1 KO modulated key molecular processes typically activated in cancer, in particular, cell adhesion, ion transport, extracellular matrix organization, response to drug, response to hypoxia, and response to toxic substance. It was obvious that these pathways are closely associated with cancer development and metastasis. From the PPI network analyses, nine hub genes associated with CRC were identified. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that MKp-1 and its hub genes may play a critical role in cancer development, prognosis, and determining treatment outcomes. We provide clues to build a potential link between Mkp-1 and colitis-associated tumorigenesis and identify areas requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hammad
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Thoracic Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Hong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Akhileshwar Namani
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Thoracic Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.,Present address: Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, GITAM, Visakhapatnam, 530045, India
| | - Mohamed Elshaer
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Thoracic Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuwen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Thoracic Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Song CH, Kim N, Nam RH, Choi SI, Kang C, Jang JY, Nho H, Shin E, Lee HN. Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2 Knockout Suppresses the Development of Aggressive Colorectal Cancer Formation Induced by Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Treatment in Female Mice. J Cancer Prev 2021; 26:41-53. [PMID: 33842405 PMCID: PMC8020176 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2021.26.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon tumors develop more frequently in male than in female. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays differential roles in the stage of tumorigenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Nrf2 on colitis-associated tumorigenesis using Nrf2 knockout (KO) female mice. Azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated wild-type (WT) and Nrf2 KO female mice were sacrificed at week 2 and 16 after AOM injection. Severity of colitis, tumor incidence, and levels of inflammatory mediators were evaluated in AOM/DSS-treated WT and Nrf2 KO mice. Furthermore, qRT-PCR, Western blot abnalysis, and ELISA were performed in colon tissues. At week 2, AOM/DSS-induced colon tissue damages were significantly greater in Nrf2 KO than in WT mice. At week 16, tumor numbers (> 2 mm size) were significantly lower in both the proximal and distal colon in Nrf2 KO compared to WT. The overall incidences of adenoma/cancer of the proximal colon and submucosal invasive cancer of the distal colon were reduced by Nrf2 KO. The mRNA and protein expression levels of NF-κB-related mediators (i.e., iNOS and COX-2) and Nrf2-related antioxidants (i.e., heme oxygenase-1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit) were significantly lower in the Nrf2 KO than in WT mice. Interestingly, the protein level of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) was higher in AOM/DSS-treated Nrf2 KO than in WT mice. Our results support the oncogenic effect of Nrf2 in the later stage of carcinogenesis and upregulation of tumor suppressor 15-PGDH might contribute to the repression of colitis-associated tumorigenesis in Nrf2 KO female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hee Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ryoung Hee Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Soo In Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Changhee Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jae Young Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Heewon Nho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun Shin
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Ha-Na Lee
- Laboratory of Immunology, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research-III, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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12
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Choi YW, Kim YH, Oh SY, Suh KW, Kim Y, Lee G, Yoon JE, Park SS, Lee Y, Park YJ, Kim HS, Park SH, Kim J, Park TJ. Senescent Tumor Cells Build a Cytokine Shield in Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002497. [PMID: 33643790 PMCID: PMC7887594 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence can either support or inhibit cancer progression. Here, it is shown that intratumoral infiltration of CD8+ T cells is negatively associated with the proportion of senescent tumor cells in colorectal cancer (CRC). Gene expression analysis reveals increased expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) in senescent tumor cells. Senescent tumor cells inhibit CD8+ T cell infiltration by secreting a high concentration of CXCL12, which induces a loss of CXCR4 in T cells that result in impaired directional migration. CSF1 from senescent tumor cells enhance monocyte differentiation into M2 macrophages, which inhibit CD8+ T cell activation. Neutralization of CXCL12/CSF1 increases the effect of anti-PD1 antibody in allograft tumors. Furthermore, inhibition of CXCL12 from senescent tumor cells enhances T cell infiltration and results in reducing the number and size of tumors in azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced CRC. These findings suggest senescent tumor cells generate a cytokine barrier protecting nonsenescent tumor cells from immune attack and provide a new target for overcoming the immunotherapy resistance of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Won Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
- Department of Hematology–OncologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
- Inflamm‐Aging Translational Research CenterAjou University Medical CenterSuwon16499Korea
| | - Young Hwa Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAjou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
| | - Seung Yeop Oh
- Department of SurgeryAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
| | - Kwang Wook Suh
- Department of SurgeryAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
| | - Young‐Sam Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAjou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
| | - Ga‐Yeon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAjou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
| | - Jung Eun Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAjou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
| | - Soon Sang Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAjou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
| | - Young‐Kyoung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
- Inflamm‐Aging Translational Research CenterAjou University Medical CenterSuwon16499Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAjou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
| | - Yoo Jung Park
- Department of Hematology–OncologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
| | - Hong Seok Kim
- Department of Molecular MedicineInha University School of MedicineIncheon22212Korea
| | - So Hyun Park
- Department of PathologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
| | - Jang‐Hee Kim
- Inflamm‐Aging Translational Research CenterAjou University Medical CenterSuwon16499Korea
- Department of PathologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
| | - Tae Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
- Inflamm‐Aging Translational Research CenterAjou University Medical CenterSuwon16499Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAjou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
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13
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Tanimura Y, Fukui T, Horitani S, Matsumoto Y, Miyamoto S, Suzuki R, Tanaka T, Tomiyama T, Ikeura T, Ando Y, Nishio A, Okazaki K. Long-term model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer suggests tumor spread mechanism and nature of cancer stem cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:7. [PMID: 33240413 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although chemical-induced animal models of colorectal cancer (CRC) suggest a lot about the disease, more efforts are required to establish metastasis models. Azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated (AOM/DSS) Crl:CD-1 mice were sacrificed after 10 or 20 weeks in our previous study, and most colon tumors exhibited intramucosal adenocarcinomas. Our observations were extended until 30 weeks to study a colitis-associated advanced CRC mouse model, and explore whether linker threonine-phosphorylated Smad2/3 (pSmad2/3L-Thr) immunostaining-positive cells were involved in the progressive course of colitis-associated CRC as cancer stem cells. AOM/DSS mice were sacrificed at 10, 20 and 30 weeks after AOM administration. Following the histopathological analysis, immunohistochemical staining was performed for the following markers: CD34, podoplanin, β-catenin, E-cadherin, Ki67, Bmi1 and pSmad2/3L-Thr. Compared with AOM/DSS mice at 10 and 20 weeks, submucosal tumor infiltration and tumor invasion into vessels were markedly increased at 30 weeks. In the parts of colon tumors from AOM/DSS mice, particularly in mice at 30 weeks, the positive signal of E-cadherin was clearly reduced in the cell membranes. The percentage of Ki67-positive tumor cells in mucosal areas of AOM/DSS mice was higher than that in the sites of submucosal infiltration. In mucosal areas of colon tumors, pSmad2/3L-Thr-positive cells were scattered among tumor cells. At sites of submucosal infiltration and vessel invasion of these tumors, pSmad2/3L-Thr-positive cells were also observed among tumor cells. In colon tumors from AOM/DSS mice at 30 weeks, the percentage of pSmad2/3L-Thr-positive cells among the nuclear β-catenin-positive tumor cells was higher than that among the cytoplasmic β-catenin-positive tumor cells. For both non-neoplastic and neoplastic epithelial cells, pSmad2/3L-Thr-positive cells exhibited immunohistochemical co-localization with Bmi1. The present study developed an advanced CRC mouse model that exhibited tumor infiltration into the submucosa and invasion into vessels. The present study re-confirmed the theory that pSmad2/3L-Thr-positive cells may be cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Tanimura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fukui
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Horitani
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yasushi Matsumoto
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Sachi Miyamoto
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tanaka
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Takashi Tomiyama
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ikeura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yugo Ando
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Nishio
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Okazaki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
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14
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17β-Estradiol strongly inhibits azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colorectal cancer development in Nrf2 knockout male mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114279. [PMID: 33068552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has dual effects on inflammation and cancer progression depending on the microenvironment. Estrogens have a protective effect on colorectal cancer (CRC) development. The aim of this study was to investigate CRC development in Nrf2 knockout (KO) mice. Azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated wild-type (WT) and Nrf2 KO male mice were sacrificed at weeks 2 and 16 after AOM injection with/without 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment during week 1. Disease activity index and colon tissue damage at week 2 showed strong attenuation following E2 administration in WT mice but to a lesser extent in Nrf2 KO male mice. At week 16, E2 significantly diminished AOM/DSS-induced adenoma/cancer incidence at distal colon in the Nrf2 KO group, but not in the WT. Furthermore, mRNA or protein levels of NF-κB-related mediators (i.e., iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-1β) and Nrf2-related antioxidants (i.e., NQO1 and HO-1) were significantly lower in the Nrf2 KO group regardless of E2 treatment compared to the WT. The expression of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) was higher in the Nrf2 KO group than in the WT. In conclusion, estrogen further inhibits CRC by upregulating ERβ-related alternate pathways in the absence of Nrf2.
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15
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Song CH, Kim N, Nam RH, Choi SI, Lee HN, Surh YJ. 17β-Estradiol supplementation changes gut microbiota diversity in intact and colorectal cancer-induced ICR male mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12283. [PMID: 32704056 PMCID: PMC7378548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69112-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of the gut microbiota is influenced by sex hormones and colorectal cancer (CRC). Previously, we reported that 17β-estradiol (E2) inhibits azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced tumorigenesis in male mice. Here, we investigated whether the composition of the gut microbiota is different between male and female, and is regulated by estrogen as a secondary outcome of previous studies. We established four groups of mice based on the sex and estrogen status [ovariectomized (OVX) female and E2-treated male]. Additionally, three groups of males were established by treating them with AOM/DSS, and E2, after subjecting them to AOM/DSS treatment. The mice were sacrificed at 21 weeks old. The composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA metagenomics sequencing. We observed a significant increase in the microbial diversity (Chao1 index) in females, males supplemented with E2, and males treated with AOM/DSS/E2 compared with normal males. In normal physiological condition, sex difference and E2 treatment did not affect the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B). However, in AOM/DSS-treated male mice, E2 supplementation showed significantly lower level of the F/B ratio. The ratio of commensal bacteria to opportunistic pathogens was higher in females and E2-treated males compared to normal males and females subjected to OVX. Unexpectedly, this ratio was higher in the AOM/DSS group than that determined in other males and the AOM/DSS/E2 group. Our findings suggest that estrogen alters the gut microbiota in ICR (CrljOri:CD1) mice, particularly AOM/DSS-treated males, by decreasing the F/B ratio and changing Shannon and Simpson index by supply of estrogen. This highlights another possibility that estrogen could cause changes in the gut microbiota, thereby reducing the risk of developing CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hee Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ryoung Hee Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Soo In Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ha-Na Lee
- Laboratory of Immunology, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research-III, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, South Korea
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16
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Taurine Attenuates Carcinogenicity in Ulcerative Colitis-Colorectal Cancer Mouse Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7935917. [PMID: 32566100 PMCID: PMC7260642 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7935917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Taurine (2-aminoethane-sulfonic acid) is a type of amino acids and has numerous physiological and therapeutic functions, including anti-inflammation. However, there are few studies on the anticancer action of taurine. Our previous studies have demonstrated that taurine exhibits an apoptosis-inducing effect on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in vitro. In this study, we have investigated whether taurine has an anticancer effect, using azoxymethane (AOM)/sulfate sodium (DSS)- induced mouse model for colon carcinogenesis. All mice, except those in control group, received a single intraperitoneal injection of AOM and DSS in the drinking water for 7 days twice, with 1-week interval. After the first DSS treatment, mice were given distilled water (model group) or taurine in the drinking water (taurine group) ad libitum. No tumor was observed in the control group. Taurine significantly suppressed AOM+DSS-induced tumor formation. Histopathological examination revealed AOM/DSS treatment induced colon cancer in all mice (8/8, 100%), and taurine significantly inhibited the progression of colon cancer (4/9, 44.4%). Taurine significantly attenuated cell proliferation in cancer tissues detected by Ki-67 staining. Taurine significantly increased the levels of an apoptosis marker cleaved caspase-9 and tumor suppressor protein PTEN. This is the first study that demonstrated that taurine significantly reduced carcinogenicity in vivo using AOM/DSS-induced colon cancer mouse model.
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17
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Yu AI, Zhao L, Eaton KA, Ho S, Chen J, Poe S, Becker J, Gonzalez A, McKinstry D, Hasso M, Mendoza-Castrejon J, Whitfield J, Koumpouras C, Schloss PD, Martens EC, Chen GY. Gut Microbiota Modulate CD8 T Cell Responses to Influence Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107471. [PMID: 32268087 PMCID: PMC7934571 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that gut microbiome perturbations, also known as dysbiosis, can influence colorectal cancer development. To understand the mechanisms by which the gut microbiome modulates cancer susceptibility, we examine two wild-type mouse colonies with distinct gut microbial communities that develop significantly different tumor numbers using a mouse model of inflammation-associated tumorigenesis. We demonstrate that adaptive immune cells contribute to the different tumor susceptibilities associated with the two microbial communities. Mice that develop more tumors have increased colon lamina propria CD8+ IFNγ+ T cells before tumorigenesis but reduced CD8+ IFNγ+ T cells in tumors and adjacent tissues compared with mice that develop fewer tumors. Notably, intratumoral T cells in mice that develop more tumors exhibit increased exhaustion. Thus, these studies suggest that microbial dysbiosis can contribute to colon tumor susceptibility by hyperstimulating CD8 T cells to promote chronic inflammation and early T cell exhaustion, which can reduce anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy I Yu
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kathryn A Eaton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sharon Ho
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jiachen Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sara Poe
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James Becker
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allison Gonzalez
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Delaney McKinstry
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Muneer Hasso
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Joel Whitfield
- Cancer Center Immunology Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Charles Koumpouras
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Patrick D Schloss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eric C Martens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Grace Y Chen
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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18
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Ooi K. [Protection of the Skin Barrier Function in Inflammatory Disease]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2019; 139:1553-1556. [PMID: 31787644 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.19-00181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the largest human organ, comprising the epidermis that is composed of epithelial tissue, the dermis composed of connective tissue, and the innermost subcutaneous tissue. Generally, skin conditions are due to aging and the influence of the external environment, but empirically patients with gastrointestinal diseases are more prone to pruritus and inflammation caused by dry skin. A decrease in the skin barrier function, involving immunocompetent mast cells and oxidative stress, was noted in indomethacin-induced small intestine inflammation, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis, and azoxymethane+DSS-induced colorectal cancer. A possible correlation was found to exist between inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases and the skin, and this correlation was investigated using a rheumatoid arthritis model as representative of inflammatory diseases. Similar to previously reported results, deterioration of the skin barrier function was observed, and new information was obtained by analyzing changes in inflammatory markers in the blood and skin tissues. Understanding the underlying mechanism of decreased skin barrier function will help in establishing effective prophylaxis and treatment methods and clarify the importance of crosstalk between organs. It will also help accelerate drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Ooi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science
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19
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Takemura A, Egawa T, Tanaka T, Kuramoto T, Hayashi T, Ishihara A. Effects of Exposure to Mild Hyperbaric Oxygen on DSS-Induced Colonic Inflammation and Diarrhea in Rats. J Inflamm Res 2019; 12:293-299. [PMID: 31754309 PMCID: PMC6824205 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s220586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In rodents, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced diarrhea and colonic inflammation have similar symptoms to those of ulcerative colitis in humans. We examined the effects of exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen (MHO) at an atmospheric pressure of 1317 hPa with 40% oxygen on DSS-induced diarrhea and colonic inflammation in rats. Methods Five-week-old male Kyoto Apc Delta (KAD) rats (n = 12) were administered 2% DSS through drinking water for 1 week. Subsequently, DSS-treated male rats were not subjected to any further treatment (n = 6) or exposed to MHO (n = 6) for 2 weeks. Age-matched KAD rats not subjected to DSS treatment or exposed to MHO were used as the control group (n = 6). Results Control rats did not exhibit diarrhea and colonic inflammation. However, DSS-treated rats exhibited diarrhea and colonic inflammation, regardless of exposure to MHO. Exposure to MHO for 2 weeks led to decreased incidence of diarrhea in DSS-treated rats (p < 0.05). Exposure to MHO had no effect on colonic inflammation in DSS-treated rats (p = 0.12). Conclusion Exposure to MHO for 2 weeks can improve diarrhea but cannot attenuate colonic inflammation, possibly due to the short exposure duration (2 weeks) used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Takemura
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Egawa
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takuji Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu 500-8513, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuramoto
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi 243-0034, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishihara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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20
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Identification of novel Nrf2 target genes as prognostic biomarkers in colitis-associated colorectal cancer in Nrf2-deficient mice. Life Sci 2019; 238:116968. [PMID: 31628914 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master regulator of many cytoprotective genes, plays a protective role in carcinogenesis. Recent studies have identified a specific gene-expression signature regulated by the Nrf2 pathway in lung adenocarcinoma and head-and-neck squamous cell cancer. However, the roles of Nrf2 in the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CACC) have not been well characterized. Nrf2 target genes as prognostic biomarkers in CACC remain to be explored. Thus, this work aimed to identify the molecular changes that occur during mouse CACC progression to facilitate the development of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. MAIN METHODS The CACC model was established using azoxymethane (AOM) with dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) in BALB/c mice for 3 weeks to induce colitis-associated adenoma (CAA, early stage) and for 9 weeks to induce colitis-associated carcinoma (CAC, late stage). Using RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analyses we examined the mRNA expression profiles of 6 groups: wild-type control (WT-C), WT-CAA, WT-CAC, Nrf2 knockout control (Nrf2KO-C), Nrf2KO-CAA, and Nrf2KO-CAC. KEY FINDINGS In the AOM/DSS model of colitis-associated tumorigenesis, Nrf2-/- mice showed a phenotype similar to WT mice, but with significantly more tumors and a much higher percentage of adenocarcinomas. We identified 47 novel Nrf2 genes via gene expression profiling of tumor samples. Survival analysis showed that 23 of these genes were biomarkers of a poor prognosis in colon cancer patients. SIGNIFICANCE Nrf2 target genes deserve exploration as prognostic and therapeutic targets for CRC.
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21
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Kanehara K, Ohnuma S, Kanazawa Y, Sato K, Kokubo S, Suzuki H, Karasawa H, Suzuki T, Suzuki C, Naitoh T, Unno M, Abe T. The indole compound MA-35 attenuates tumorigenesis in an inflammation-induced colon cancer model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12739. [PMID: 31484999 PMCID: PMC6726640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In inflammatory bowel disease, chronic inflammation results in the development of colon cancer known as colitis-associated cancer. This disease is associated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) signaling. In addition, intestinal fibrosis is a common clinical complication that is promoted by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). In our previous study, MA-35 attenuated renal fibrosis by inhibiting both TNF-α and TGF-β1 signaling. This study aimed to identify the possible antitumor effects and antifibrotic effects of MA-35 using an AOM/DSS mouse model. MA-35 was orally administered every day for 70 days in the AOM/DSS mouse model. There was no difference in weight loss between the AOM/DSS group and the AOMDSS + MA-35 group, but the disease activity index score and the survival rate were improved by MA-35. MA-35 blocked the anemia and shortening of the colon induced by AOM/DSS. MA-35 reduced the macroscopic formation of tumors in the colon. In the microscopic evaluation, MA-35 reduced inflammation and fibrosis in areas with dysplasia. Furthermore, the TNF-α mRNA level in the colon tended to be reduced, and the interleukin 6, TGF-β1 and fibronectin 1 mRNA levels in the colon were significantly reduced by MA-35. These results suggested that MA-35 inhibited AOM/DSS-induced carcinogenesis by reducing inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Kanehara
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shinobu Ohnuma
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Yoshitake Kanazawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sato
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shoji Kokubo
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hideaki Karasawa
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Chitose Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takeshi Naitoh
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takaaki Abe
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan. .,Department of Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan. .,Department of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
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22
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Song CH, Kim N, Lee SM, Nam RH, Choi SI, Kang SR, Shin E, Lee DH, Lee HN, Surh YJ. Effects of 17β-estradiol on colorectal cancer development after azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium treatment of ovariectomized mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 164:139-151. [PMID: 30981879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen is known to have a protective effect in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Previously, we reported the anti-inflammatory and antitumorigenic effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) in azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated male mice. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ovariectomy in a female AOM/DSS mouse model increases colorectal tumorigenesis and whether tumorigenesis is reduced by estrogen supplementation after ovariectomy. Clinical symptoms and histological severity of colitis and the levels of inflammatory mediators were evaluated in the colon of AOM/DSS-treated ovariectomized (OVX) mice. The levels of E2, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and NF-κB-dependent cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6) were measured by ELISA. Furthermore, quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR and Western blot analysis were performed. Ovariectomy did not aggravate AOM/DSS-induced colitis at 2 weeks. At weeks 10 and 16, ovariectomy significantly increased tumor number and incidence rate in only the proximal colon after AOM/DSS treatment (F_AOM/DSS vs OVX_AOM/DSS), and these increases were significantly reduced by E2 supplementation (OVX_AOM/DSS vs OVX_AOM/DSS/E2). However, ovariectomy did not affect CRC development in the distal colon (F_AOM/DSS vs OVX_AOM/DSS). At week 2, E2 administration to AOM/DSS-treated OVX mice attenuated the histological severity of colitis by decreasing the protein and/or mRNA levels of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and NF-κB-related mediators (i.e., COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6) and by enhancing estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) and nuclear Nrf2 protein expression and the mRNA expression of related antioxidant enzyme genes (i.e., HO-1, GCLC, GCLM, and NQO1). Endogenous estrogen in females protects against the development of proximal colon cancer, and exogenous E2 replacement in OVX female mice showed protective effects against AOM/DSS-induced colitis and carcinogenesis. The mechanism could involve modulating ERs-, NF-κB- and Nrf2-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hee Song
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Sun Min Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ryoung Hee Nam
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Soo In Choi
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - So Ra Kang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Eun Shin
- Departments of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ha-Na Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, South Korea
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23
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Song CH, Kim N, Sohn SH, Lee SM, Nam RH, Na HY, Lee DH, Surh YJ. Effects of 17β-Estradiol on Colonic Permeability and Inflammation in an Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis Mouse Model. Gut Liver 2019; 12:682-693. [PMID: 30400733 PMCID: PMC6254630 DOI: 10.5009/gnl18221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Intestinal barrier dysfunction is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) such as ulcerative colitis. This dysfunction is caused by increased permeability and the loss of tight junctions in intestinal epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether estradiol treatment reduces colonic permeability, tight junction disruption, and inflammation in an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colon cancer mouse model. Methods The effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) were evaluated in ICR male mice 4 weeks after AOM/DSS treatment. Histological damage was scored by hematoxylin and eosin staining and the levels of the colonic mucosal cytokine myeloperoxidase (MPO) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To evaluate the effects of E2 on intestinal permeability, tight junctions, and inflammation, we performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, the expression levels of mucin 2 (MUC2) and mucin 4 (MUC4) were measured as target genes for intestinal permeability, whereas zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), occludin (OCLN), and claudin 4 (CLDN4) served as target genes for the tight junctions. Results The colitis-mediated induced damage score and MPO activity were reduced by E2 treatment (p<0.05). In addition, the mRNA expression levels of intestinal barrier-related molecules (i.e., MUC2, ZO-1, OCLN, and CLDN4) were decreased by AOM/DSS-treatment; furthermore, this inhibition was rescued by E2 supplementation. The mRNA and protein expression of inflammation-related genes (i.e., KLF4, NF-κB, iNOS, and COX-2) was increased by AOM/DSS-treatment and ameliorated by E2. Conclusions E2 acts through the estrogen receptor β signaling pathway to elicit anti-inflammatory effects on intestinal barrier by inducing the expression of MUC2 and tight junction molecules and inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hee Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Sung Hwa Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sun Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ryoung Hee Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hee Young Na
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Zheng Z, Chen Y, Huang J, Deng H, Tang X, Wang XJ. Mkp-1 is required for chemopreventive activity of butylated hydroxyanisole and resveratrol against colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 127:72-80. [PMID: 30844440 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many dietary compounds show promising protective activity against colon cancer by activating nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). Recently, we reported that mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (Mkp-1) exhibits crosstalk with the Nrf2 signaling pathway, protecting against intestinal inflammation. Here, we present evidence that Mkp-1 is required for the chemopreventive action of the Nrf2 activators butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and resveratrol (RSV). In an azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium model of colitis-associated tumorigenesis, Mkp-1-/- mice exhibited a phenotype similar to Nrf2-/- mice with significantly more tumors than WT mice. Tumors from Mkp-1-/- mice exhibited higher levels of macrophage infiltration than those from WT mice. This was accompanied by increased expression of nitrotyrosine and p53BP1, markers of oxidative stress and DNA damage, respectively. Moreover, dietary suppression of tumorigenesis using BHA (0.5%) or RSV (300 ppm) supplementation was achieved in WT but not in Mkp-1-/- mice. In adenomas from WT mice, the expression of Mkp-1 was markedly lower than in adjacent normal tissue, concomitant with the down-regulation of Nrf2 and its target genes. Our data revealed that Mkp-1 is required in the protective role of Nrf2 signaling against colitis-associated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yeru Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Chu Kochen Honors College, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Department of Biochemistry, Department of Thoracic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xiuwen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Thoracic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xiu Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
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25
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Son HJ, Sohn SH, Kim N, Lee HN, Lee SM, Nam RH, Park JH, Song CH, Shin E, Na HY, Kim JS, Lee DH, Surh YJ. Effect of Estradiol in an Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Treated Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer: Implication for Sex Difference in Colorectal Cancer Development. Cancer Res Treat 2018; 51:632-648. [PMID: 30064198 PMCID: PMC6473282 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2018.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study demonstrates that estradiol downregulates inflammation and inhibits colorectal cancer (CRC) development in azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS) mouse model. Materials and Methods AOM/DSS-treated male and female mice were sacrificed at weeks 2, 10, and 16, to assess estrogen effects on colitis and carcinogenesis. Macroscopic and histologic severity of colitis and Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were evaluated, to measure inflammatory mediators and cytokines. Results Compared with AOM/DSS-treated male mice (M-AOM/DSS group), AOM/DSS-treated male mice with estradiol administration (M-AOM/DSS+estr group) displayed at week 2 significantly decreased severity of colitis. At weeks 10 and 16, AOM/DSS-treated female mice (F-AOM/DSS group) and the M-AOM/DSS+estr group showed significantly lower tumor multiplicity compared with the M-AOM/DSS group. At week 2, F-AOM/DSS group had a lower level of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression and higher level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression, compared to the M-AOM/DSS group. At week 2, expression levels of NF-κB and its related mediators decreased in the M-AOM/DSS+estr group, while levels of Nrf2 and Nrf2-related anti-oxidant enzymes increased. In addition, estradiol significantly increased Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome expressions in AOM/DSS-treated male mice. In contrast, at weeks 10 and 16, Nrf2 and its-related anti-oxidant enzymes and NLRP3 inflammasome were highly expressed in M-AOM/DSS group and in F-AOM/DSS group, who developed cancer. Conclusion The data suggest that estradiol inhibits the initiation of CRC by regulating Nrf2-related pathways. Moreover, these imply the dual role of Nrf2 and NLRP3 inflammasome, including promotion of tumor progression upon tumor initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Son
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hwa Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha-Na Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ryoung Hee Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chin-Hee Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun Shin
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hee Young Na
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea
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26
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Xie Y, Yuan T, Qin Y, Weng Z, Fang J. Prolyl hydroxylase 2 is dispensable for homeostasis of intestinal epithelium in mice. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:540-546. [PMID: 29688249 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolyl hydroxylases (PHD1-3) hydroxylate hypoxia inducible factor α (HIFα), leading to HIFα ubiquitination and degradation. Recent studies indicated that administration of generic inhibitors of PHDs improved mice colitis, suggesting that suppression of PHD activity by these inhibitors may be a potential strategy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the exact role of each member of PHD family in homeostasis of intestinal epithelium remains elusive. The aim of this work is to study the possible role of PHD2 by using mice with genetic ablation of Phd2 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). We found that deletion of PHD2 in IECs did not lead to spontaneous enteritis or colitis in mice. Deletion of PHD2 in IECs did not confer upon mice higher susceptibility to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Furthermore, in a colitis-associated colon cancer model, the PHD2-conditional knockout mice had similar susceptibility to azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic tumorigenesis as control mice did. Our results suggest that PHD2 is dispensable for maintenance of intestinal epithelium homeostasis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Xie
- Laboratory for Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tanglong Yuan
- Laboratory for Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanqing Qin
- Laboratory for Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhonghui Weng
- Laboratory for Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Laboratory for Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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27
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Bozec D, Iuga AC, Roda G, Dahan S, Yeretssian G. Critical function of the necroptosis adaptor RIPK3 in protecting from intestinal tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46384-46400. [PMID: 27344176 PMCID: PMC5216805 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a programmed form of non-apoptotic cell death that requires the kinase activity of the receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3). Although in vitro data suggests that cancer cells lacking expression of RIPK3 are invasive, the physiological role of RIPK3 in a disease-relevant setting remains unknown. Here we provide evidence that RIPK3 has a critical role in suppressing colorectal cancer (CRC). RIPK3-deficient mice were highly susceptible to colitis-associated CRC and exhibited greater production of pro-inflammatory mediators and tumor promoting factors. Tumorigenesis in RIPK3-deficiency resulted from uncontrolled activation of NF-κB, STAT3, AKT and Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathways that enhanced the ability of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to aberrantly proliferate in the face of the sustained inflammatory microenvironment and promote CRC. We found that RIPK3 expression is reduced in tumors from patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, and further confirmed that expression of RIPK3 is downregulated in human CRC and correlated with cancer progression. Thus, our results reveal that the necroptosis adaptor RIPK3 has key anti-inflammatory and anti-tumoral functions in the intestine, and define RIPK3 as a novel colon tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Bozec
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alina C Iuga
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Giulia Roda
- The Leona M. Harry B. Helmsley Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Gastroenterology Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stephanie Dahan
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Sobi, Inc., Waltham, MA 02452, USA
| | - Garabet Yeretssian
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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28
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Folgueras AR, Freitas-Rodríguez S, Español Y, Velasco G. Cancer Susceptibility Models in Protease-Deficient Mice. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1731:235-245. [PMID: 29318558 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7595-2_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For decades, proteases have been associated with cancer progression due to the ability of some members of this large group of enzymes to degrade tumor cell surroundings, thereby facilitating cancer invasion and dissemination. However, the generation of mouse models deficient in proteases has revealed the existence of a great variety of functions among proteolytic enzymes in cancer biology, including important tumor-suppressive roles. Therefore, in this chapter, we describe methods to chemically induce different types of cancer (lung adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, oral and esophageal carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, skin cancer, and fibrosarcoma) in genetically modified mouse models to efficiently evaluate the specific pro- or antitumoral function of proteases in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia R Folgueras
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Sandra Freitas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Yaiza Español
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gloria Velasco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
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Chino XMS, Martínez CJ, Garzón VRV, González IÁ, Treviño SV, Bujaidar EM, Ortiz GD, Hoyos RB. Cooked Chickpea Consumption Inhibits Colon Carcinogenesis in Mice Induced with Azoxymethane and Dextran Sulfate Sodium. J Am Coll Nutr 2017; 36:391-398. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1297744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xariss M. Sánchez Chino
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México
| | - Cristian Jiménez Martínez
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México
| | - Verónica R. Vásquez Garzón
- Cátedra-CONACYT, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juárez, México
| | - Isela Álvarez González
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México
| | - Saúl Villa Treviño
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico, México
| | - Eduardo Madrigal Bujaidar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México
| | - Gloria Dávila Ortiz
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México
| | - Rafael Baltiérrez Hoyos
- Cátedra-CONACYT, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juárez, México
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30
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Yanai H, Atsumi N, Tanaka T, Nakamura N, Komai Y, Omachi T, Tanaka K, Ishigaki K, Saiga K, Ohsugi H, Tokuyama Y, Imahashi Y, Ohe S, Hisha H, Yoshida N, Kumano K, Kon M, Ueno H. Intestinal cancer stem cells marked by Bmi1 or Lgr5 expression contribute to tumor propagation via clonal expansion. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41838. [PMID: 28176811 PMCID: PMC5296906 DOI: 10.1038/srep41838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the existence of cancer stem cells in intestine tumors has been suggested, direct evidence has not been yet provided. Here, we showed, using the multicolor lineage-tracing method and mouse models of intestinal adenocarcinoma and adenoma that Bmi1- or Lgr5- positive tumorigenic cells clonally expanded in proliferating tumors. At tumor initiation and during tumor propagation in the colon, the descendants of Lgr5-positive cells clonally proliferated to form clusters. Clonal analysis using ubiquitous multicolor lineage tracing revealed that colon tumors derived from Lgr5-positive cells were monoclonal in origin but eventually merged with neighboring tumors, producing polyclonal tumors at the later stage. In contrast, the origin of small intestine tumors was likely polyclonal, and during cancer progression some clones were eliminated, resulting in the formation of monoclonal tumors, which could merge similar to colon tumors. These results suggest that in proliferating intestinal neoplasms, Bmi1- or Lgr5-positive cells represent a population of cancer stem cells, whereas Lgr5-positive cells also function as cells-of-origin for intestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Yanai
- Department of Stem Cell Pathology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Naho Atsumi
- Department of Stem Cell Pathology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Stem Cell Pathology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Naohiro Nakamura
- Department of Stem Cell Pathology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komai
- Department of Stem Cell Pathology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan.,Department of Urology and Andrology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Taichi Omachi
- Department of Stem Cell Pathology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Kiyomichi Tanaka
- Department of Stem Cell Pathology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishigaki
- Department of Stem Cell Pathology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Kazuho Saiga
- Department of Stem Cell Pathology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Haruyuki Ohsugi
- Department of Stem Cell Pathology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan.,Department of Urology and Andrology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yoko Tokuyama
- Department of Stem Cell Pathology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yuki Imahashi
- Department of Stem Cell Pathology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ohe
- Department of Stem Cell Pathology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hisha
- Department of Stem Cell Pathology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Naoko Yoshida
- Department of Stem Cell Pathology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Keiki Kumano
- Department of Stem Cell Pathology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Masanori Kon
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Hiroo Ueno
- Department of Stem Cell Pathology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
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Pan Q, Lou X, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Li F, Shan Q, Chen X, Xie Y, Su S, Wei H, Lin L, Wu L, Liu S. Genomic variants in mouse model induced by azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate improperly mimic human colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:25. [PMID: 28154415 PMCID: PMC5453956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse model induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) is generally accepted as an ideal object to study on the carcinogenesis mechanisms of human colorectal cancer (CRC). The genomic responses to the AOM/DSS treatment in mouse that possibly lead to elucidation of CRC pathological mechanism are still poorly understood. For the first time, we investigated the cancer genome landscape of AOM/DSS mouse model by exome sequencing, to testify its molecular faithfulness to human CRC. Of 14 neoplastic samples, 7575 somatic variants were identified, which resulted in 2507 mutant genes and exhibited a large diversity in both colorectal aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and tumors even those tissues that were gained from the similar morphology or same treatment period. Cross-species comparison of the somatic variants demonstrated the totally different patterns of variable sites, mutant genes and perturbed pathways between mouse and human CRC. We therefore come to a conclusion that the tumorigenesis at genomic level in AOM/DSS model may not be properly comparable with that in human CRC, and the molecular mechanism elicited from this animal model should be carefully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfei Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Lou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghui Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Qiang Shan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianwei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanfu Wei
- Beijing Protein Innovation, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Siqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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32
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Hiramoto K, Yokoyama S, Yamate Y. Ultraviolet A eye irradiation ameliorates colon carcinoma induced by azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate through β-endorphin and methionine-enkephalin. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2017; 33:84-91. [PMID: 28039905 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that ultraviolet (UV) A eye irradiation reduces the ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). This study examined the effects of UVA on colon carcinoma induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and DSS. METHODS We irradiated the eyes of ICR mice with UVA at a dose of 110 kJ/m2 using an FL20SBLB-A lamp for the experimental period. RESULTS In mice treated with these drugs, the symptom of colon carcinoma was reduced by UVA eye irradiation. The levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the blood were increased in AOM + DSS-treated mice; however, those levels were reduced by UVA eye irradiation. The expression of β-endorphin, methionine-enkephalin (OGF), μ-opioid receptor, and opioid growth factor receptor (OGFR) of the colon was increased in the AOM + DSS-treated mice, and these levels were increased further following UVA eye irradiation. When β-endorphin inhibitor was administered, the ameliorative effect of UVA eye irradiation was reduced, and the effect of eye irradiation disappeared entirely following the administration of naltrexone (inhibitor of both opioid receptor and OGFR). CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that UVA eye irradiation exerts major effects on AOM + DSS-induced colon carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Hiramoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokoyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yurika Yamate
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan
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33
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Chen JX, Wang H, Liu A, Zhang L, Reuhl K, Yang CS. From the Cover: PhIP/DSS-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis in CYP1A-Humanized Mice and the Possible Role of Lgr5+ Stem Cells. Toxicol Sci 2016; 155:224-233. [PMID: 27664423 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, experimental rodent models developed to study the pathogenesis of human colorectal cancer (CRC) generally employed synthetic chemical carcinogens or genetic manipulation. Our lab, in order to establish a more physiologically relevant CRC model, recently developed a colon carcinogenesis model induced by the meat-derived dietary carcinogen, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), and promoted by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in the cytochrome P450 1A-humanized (hCYP1A) mice. The resulting colon tumors shared many histologic and molecular features of human colon cancer. In this study, we characterized the early stages of PhIP/DSS-induced colon carcinogenesis. We found that PhIP/DSS treatments caused rapid destruction of the colon mucosa with severe inflammation, followed by the presence of reactive changes and low-grade dysplastic lesions, and then manifestation of high-grade dysplastic lesions and finally adenocarcinomas. Molecular analysis of the early time-points (ie, days 1, 3, 7, 11, 14, and 21 after DSS exposure) indicates Ctnnb1/β-catenin mutations and β-catenin nuclear accumulation in the high-grade dysplastic lesions, but not low-grade dysplastic lesions or adjacent normal tissues. In addition, we investigated the role of Lgr5+ colon stem cells in the PhIP/DSS-induced colon carcinogenesis and found the presence of Lgr5-enhance green fluorescent protein-expressing cells amidst some ulcerated mucosa, high-grade dysplastic lesions and adenocarcinomas, suggesting a possible role of Lgr5+ stem cells in this dietary carcinogen-induced, inflammation-promoted colon carcinogenesis model. Overall, the findings suggest that PhIP/DSS-induced colon carcinogenesis is likely initiated by dominant active Ctnnb1/β-catenin mutation in residual epithelial cells, which when promoted by colitis, developed into high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayson X Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Anna Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Lanjing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center of Princeton, Plainsboro, New Jersey
| | - Kenneth Reuhl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Chung S Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey;
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Shukla PK, Chaudhry KK, Mir H, Gangwar R, Yadav N, Manda B, Meena AS, Rao R. Chronic ethanol feeding promotes azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium-induced colonic tumorigenesis potentially by enhancing mucosal inflammation. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:189. [PMID: 26951793 PMCID: PMC4782373 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol consumption is one of the major risk factors for colorectal cancer. However, the mechanism involved in this effect of alcohol is unknown. Methods We evaluated the effect of chronic ethanol feeding on azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced carcinogenesis in mouse colon. Inflammation in colonic mucosa was assessed at a precancerous stage by evaluating mucosal infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, and analysis of cytokine and chemokine gene expression. Results Chronic ethanol feeding significantly increased the number and size of polyps in colon of AOM/DSS treated mice. Confocal microscopic and immunoblot analyses showed a significant elevation of phospho-Smad, VEGF and HIF1α in the colonic mucosa. RT-PCR analysis at a precancerous stage indicated that ethanol significantly increases the expression of cytokines IL-1α, IL-6 and TNFα, and the chemokines CCL5/RANTES, CXCL9/MIG and CXCL10/IP-10 in the colonic mucosa of AOM/DSS treated mice. Confocal microscopy showed that ethanol feeding induces a dramatic elevation of myeloperoxidase, Gr1 and CD68-positive cells in the colonic mucosa of AOM/DSS-treated mice. Ethanol feeding enhanced AOM/DSS-induced suppression of tight junction protein expression and elevated cell proliferation marker, Ki-67 in the colonic epithelium. Conclusion This study demonstrates that chronic ethanol feeding promotes colonic tumorigenesis potentially by enhancing inflammation and elevation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K Shukla
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 894 Union Avenue, Nash 426, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Kamaljit K Chaudhry
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 894 Union Avenue, Nash 426, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Hina Mir
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 894 Union Avenue, Nash 426, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Ruchika Gangwar
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 894 Union Avenue, Nash 426, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Nikki Yadav
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 894 Union Avenue, Nash 426, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Bhargavi Manda
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 894 Union Avenue, Nash 426, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Avtar S Meena
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 894 Union Avenue, Nash 426, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - RadhaKrishna Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 894 Union Avenue, Nash 426, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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35
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Yokoyama S, Hiramoto K, Koyama M, Ooi K. Impaired skin barrier function in mice with colon carcinoma induced by azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 38:947-50. [PMID: 26027838 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that impaired skin barrier function was induced by small intestinal injury in mice. Therefore, we postulated that other intestinal diseases might also influence skin barrier function. In this study, we evaluated the skin barrier function of hairless mice with colon carcinoma that was induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). In mice treated with these drugs, we observed elevated transepidermal water loss and reduced skin hydration levels, compared to those in the control mice. In addition, plasma nitrogen di/trioxide (NO2(-)/NO3(-)) levels were significantly elevated, and expression of type I collagen was significantly reduced in the treated mice, compared to those in control. These results suggest that impaired skin barrier function occurs in mice when colon carcinoma is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yokoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science
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36
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Suzuki R, Fukui T, Kishimoto M, Miyamoto S, Takahashi Y, Takeo M, Mitsuyama T, Sakaguchi Y, Uchida K, Nishio A, Okazaki K. Smad2/3 linker phosphorylation is a possible marker of cancer stem cells and correlates with carcinogenesis in a mouse model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. J Crohns Colitis 2015; 9:565-74. [PMID: 25908723 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjv073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial cells affected by somatic mutations undergo transition from a tumour-suppressive to a carcinogenic Smad pathway during sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis, and the specific linker threonine phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in colon epithelial cells indicates stem-like cells. This study extends previous observations to a model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. METHODS After Crl:CD-1 mice received an administration of azoxymethane [AOM], the mice were given dextran sodium sulfate [DSS] for 7 days. AOM/DSS-treated mice [AOM/DSS mice] were killed at 10 or 20 weeks. After macroscopic observations, a histopathological analysis was conducted. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method [pSmad3C-Ser, pSmad3L-Ser, c-Myc] and immunofluorescent methods [Ki67, β-catenin, CDK4, cyclin D1, Sox9, pSmad2/3L-Thr]. RESULTS The colons from AOM/DSS mice were shorter than those from control mice. The number of colon tumours at Week 20 was higher than at Week 10. The inflammation scores for AOM/DSS mice were greater than those for control mice. Immunostaining-positive cells (staining by Ki67, β-catenin [nuclear and cytoplasmic], cyclin D1, and Sox9) were diffusely distributed in colon tumours. The percentage of pSmad3L-Ser-positive cells in colon tumours was higher than in sites of pre-neoplastic colitis, and that in sites of pre-neoplastic colitis was higher than in control mice. pSmad2/3L-Thr-positive cells were sparsely detected around crypt bases in non-neoplastic colon epithelia and at the tops of tumours, and immunohistochemical co-localisation of pSmad2/3L-Thr with Ki67 was not observed. Immunohistochemical co-localisation of pSmad2/3L-Thr with β-catenin and CDK4 was observed. CONCLUSIONS pSmad3L-Ser signalling is an early event in colitis-associated colorectal cancer, and pSmad2/3L-Thr immunostaining-positive cells might be cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Suzuki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fukui
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kishimoto
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Sachi Miyamoto
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takeo
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Mitsuyama
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yutaku Sakaguchi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Kazushige Uchida
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Nishio
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Okazaki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
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37
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Ida S, Ozaki N, Araki K, Hirashima K, Zaitsu Y, Taki K, Sakamoto Y, Miyamoto Y, Oki E, Morita M, Watanabe M, Maehara Y, Yamamura KI, Baba H, Ohmuraya M. SPINK1 Status in Colorectal Cancer, Impact on Proliferation, and Role in Colitis-Associated Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1130-8. [PMID: 25804623 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Colorectal cancer is a major cause of deaths due to cancer; therefore, research into its etiology is urgently needed. Although it is clear that chronic inflammation is a risk factor for colorectal cancer, the details remain uncertain. Serine protease inhibitor, Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) is mainly produced in pancreatic acinar cells. However, SPINK1 is expressed in various cancers and in inflammatory states, such as colon cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. There are structural similarities between SPINK1 and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Hence, it was hypothesized that SPINK1 functions as a growth factor for tissue repair in inflammatory states, and if prolonged, acts as a promoter for cell proliferation in cancerous tissues. Here, immunohistochemical staining for SPINK1 was observed in a high percentage of colorectal cancer patient specimens and SPINK1 induced proliferation of human colon cancer cell lines. To clarify its role in colon cancer in vivo, a mouse model exposed to the colon carcinogen azoxymethane and nongenotoxic carcinogen dextran sodium sulfate revealed that Spink3 (mouse homolog of SPINK1) is overexpressed in cancerous tissues. In Spink3 heterozygous mice, tumor multiplicity and tumor volume were significantly decreased compared with wild-type mice. These results suggest that SPINK1/Spink3 stimulates the proliferation of colon cancer cells and is involved in colorectal cancer progression. IMPLICATIONS Evidence suggests that SPINK1 is an important growth factor that connects chronic inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ida
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ozaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kimi Araki
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hirashima
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoko Zaitsu
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsunobu Taki
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuo Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaru Morita
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamamura
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohmuraya
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Sonoda J, Seki Y, Hakura A, Hosokawa S. Time course of the incidence/multiplicity and histopathological features of murine colonic dysplasia, adenoma and adenocarcinoma induced by benzo[a]pyrene and dextran sulfate sodium. J Toxicol Pathol 2015; 28:109-20. [PMID: 26028820 PMCID: PMC4444509 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2014-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BP) is mutagenic but noncarcinogenic in the murine colon. Recently, we reported rapid induction of colonic tumors by treatment of CD2F1 mice with BP (125 mg/kg for 5 days) followed by a colitis inducer, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) (4% in drinking water for 1 or 2 weeks). However, there are no reports on detailed time course and histopathological features of colonic proliferative lesions in this model. Here, we show the detailed time course of colonic dysplasia, adenoma and adenocarcinoma induced by treatment with BP, DSS, and a combination of the two (BP/DSS). In the colon of mice exposed to BP/DSS, 14.6 dysplastic foci per mouse were present one week after DSS treatment (week 4). The number of dysplastic foci decreased with time to 3.1 at week 9 and thereafter remained almost constant. At week 4, 1.5 adenocarcinomas were also observed, with a marked increase in numbers with time, reaching 29.3 at week 14. In contrast, the number of dysplastic foci induced by DSS alone showed a time course similar to that following BP/DSS treatment; however, only a few tumors appeared. Neither dysplastic foci nor neoplastic lesions were induced by BP only. In mice exposed to BP/DSS, β-catenin was demonstrated immunohistochemically in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm of the tumor cells, and this translocation from the cell membrane was evident in subsets of dysplastic foci. In dysplastic foci induced by DSS alone, β-catenin was absent in the nucleus/cytoplasm. These finding suggest that aberrant β-catenin accumulation in dysplastic foci is associated with tumor progression in this BP/DSS model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Sonoda
- Tsukuba Drug Safety, Global Drug Safety, Biopharmaceutical Assessments Core Function Unit, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Yuki Seki
- Tsukuba Drug Safety, Global Drug Safety, Biopharmaceutical Assessments Core Function Unit, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hakura
- Tsukuba Drug Safety, Global Drug Safety, Biopharmaceutical Assessments Core Function Unit, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Satoru Hosokawa
- Tsukuba Drug Safety, Global Drug Safety, Biopharmaceutical Assessments Core Function Unit, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
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Cano-Martínez D, Román ID, T. Lobo MV, Pastor O, Moreno-Villena I, Paradela A, Hernández-Breijo B, Fernández-Moreno MD, Monserrat J, Sanmartín-Salinas P, Gisbert JP, Guijarro LG. Effect of Infliximab in oxidised serum albumin levels during experimental colitis. Biomarkers 2014; 19:693-701. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.982189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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40
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Rocha C, Papon L, Cacheux W, Marques Sousa P, Lascano V, Tort O, Giordano T, Vacher S, Lemmers B, Mariani P, Meseure D, Medema JP, Bièche I, Hahne M, Janke C. Tubulin glycylases are required for primary cilia, control of cell proliferation and tumor development in colon. EMBO J 2014; 33:2247-60. [PMID: 25180231 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201488466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
TTLL3 and TTLL8 are tubulin glycine ligases catalyzing posttranslational glycylation of microtubules. We show here for the first time that these enzymes are required for robust formation of primary cilia. We further discover the existence of primary cilia in colon and demonstrate that TTLL3 is the only glycylase in this organ. As a consequence, colon epithelium shows a reduced number of primary cilia accompanied by an increased rate of cell division in TTLL3-knockout mice. Strikingly, higher proliferation is compensated by faster tissue turnover in normal colon. In a mouse model for tumorigenesis, lack of TTLL3 strongly promotes tumor development. We further demonstrate that decreased levels of TTLL3 expression are linked to the development of human colorectal carcinomas. Thus, we have uncovered a novel role for tubulin glycylation in primary cilia maintenance, which controls cell proliferation of colon epithelial cells and plays an essential role in colon cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Rocha
- Institut Curie, Orsay, France PSL Research University, Paris, France CNRS UMR3306, Orsay, France INSERM U1005, Orsay, France IGMM CNRS UMR5535, Montpellier, France Université Montpellier Sud de France, Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Papon
- IGMM CNRS UMR5535, Montpellier, France Université Montpellier Sud de France, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Patricia Marques Sousa
- Institut Curie, Orsay, France PSL Research University, Paris, France CNRS UMR3306, Orsay, France INSERM U1005, Orsay, France
| | | | - Olivia Tort
- Institut Curie, Orsay, France PSL Research University, Paris, France CNRS UMR3306, Orsay, France INSERM U1005, Orsay, France Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Tiziana Giordano
- Institut Curie, Orsay, France PSL Research University, Paris, France CNRS UMR3306, Orsay, France INSERM U1005, Orsay, France
| | | | - Benedicte Lemmers
- IGMM CNRS UMR5535, Montpellier, France Université Montpellier Sud de France, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Hahne
- IGMM CNRS UMR5535, Montpellier, France Université Montpellier Sud de France, Montpellier, France Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, Orsay, France PSL Research University, Paris, France CNRS UMR3306, Orsay, France INSERM U1005, Orsay, France
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Dynamic microbe and molecule networks in a mouse model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4985. [PMID: 24828543 PMCID: PMC4021569 DOI: 10.1038/srep04985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial colonisation of the gut is involved in the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. However, it remains unclear how the gut microbiota dynamically shifts correlating with colorectal carcinogenesis. Here, we reveal the longitudinal shifts in the microbial community that occur with colitis-associated colorectal cancer. High-throughput sequencing results for the bacterial 16S rRNA gene (V3 region) were compared for azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulphate-treated mice and control mice. We found that microbial community structure was significantly altered by chronic colitis. Microbes in the species Streptococcus luteciae, Lactobacillus hamster, Bacteroides uniformis and Bacteroides ovatus were increased during colorectal carcinogenesis. Histological measurements for a molecular network including six interconnected key factors from inflammation to cancer, namely p65, p53, COX-2, PPARγ, CCR2 and β-catenin, indicated that the microbiome modifications were correlated with molecular pathogenesis of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Phylotype modifications after each AOM/DSS cycle were identified. A longitudinal microbial network was then constructed for the gut microbiome and showed that the phylotype shifts during this process were complex and highly dynamic. This work may provide a deeper understanding of the role of the microbiota and microbe-host interactions in colitis-associated colorectal cancer.
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42
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Ward JM, Treuting PM. Rodent intestinal epithelial carcinogenesis: pathology and preclinical models. Toxicol Pathol 2013; 42:148-61. [PMID: 24178574 DOI: 10.1177/0192623313505156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is a major human malignancy that afflicts millions of people throughout the world each year. Genetics and diet play large roles in colon carcinogenesis although chemicals may also contribute. For the past 40 years, scientists have studied experimentally induced intestinal carcinogenesis in rodents in order to elucidate the etiology and mechanisms involved. Comparative histopathology has revealed many similarities of rodent and human intestinal cancers. Comparative molecular pathology has also shown genetic similarities. More recently, genetically engineered mice and inflammatory colon cancer models have been used for investigating mechanisms and potential chemopreventive and treatment modalities. This review will focus on comparative histopathology and nonclinical models.
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43
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Zhan Y, Chen PJ, Sadler WD, Wang F, Poe S, Núñez G, Eaton KA, Chen GY. Gut microbiota protects against gastrointestinal tumorigenesis caused by epithelial injury. Cancer Res 2013; 73:7199-210. [PMID: 24165160 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-0827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a critical player in the development of both colitis-associated and sporadic colon cancers. Several studies suggest that the microbiota contribute to inflammation and tumorigenesis; however, studies to understand the role of the microbiota in colon tumor development in germ-free (GF) mice are limited. We therefore studied the effects of the microbiota on the development of inflammation and tumors in GF and conventionally raised specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice treated with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). We discovered that GF mice developed significantly more and larger tumors compared with that in SPF mice after AOM and DSS treatment despite the lack of early acute inflammation in response to chemically induced injury by DSS. Although the extent of intestinal epithelial damage and apoptosis was not significantly different in GF and SPF mice, there was a delay in intestinal epithelial repair to DSS-induced injury in GF mice resulting in a late onset of proinflammatory and protumorigenic responses and increased epithelial proliferation and microadenoma formation. Recolonization of GF mice with commensal bacteria or administration of lipopolysaccharide reduced tumorigenesis. Thus, although commensal bacteria are capable of driving chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis, the gut microbiota also have important roles in limiting chemically induced injury and proliferative responses that lead to tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhan
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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44
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Sporadic colon cancer murine models demonstrate the value of autoantibody detection for preclinical cancer diagnosis. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2938. [PMID: 24126910 PMCID: PMC3796738 DOI: 10.1038/srep02938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although autoantibody detection has been proposed for diagnosis of colorectal cancer, little is known about their initial production and development correlation with cancer progression. Azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS)-treated mice developed colon adenocarcinoma in the distal colon similar to human sporadic colon cancer. We assessed this model together with AOM and DSS-only models for their applicability to early detection of cancer. All AOM/DSS-treated mice produced autoantibodies to tumor-associated antigens analogous to those observed in human colon cancer patients. Autoantibody response was related to tumor antigen overexpression. Cancer autoantibodies were detected 21 days after starting treatment, when no malignant histopathological features were detectable, and they increased according to tumor progression. When carcinogenesis was induced separately by AOM or DSS, only those mice that developed malignant lesions produced significant levels of autoantibodies. These findings demonstrate that autoantibody development is an early event in tumorigenesis and validates its use for preclinical colon cancer diagnosis.
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45
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Li Z, Liu GX, Liu YL, Chen X, Huang XL, Gan HT. Effect of adenovirus-mediated PTEN gene on ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 2013; 28:1107-15. [PMID: 23516074 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-013-1678-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the expression pattern of PTEN and its effect on carcinogenesis of ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer, leading to insights into the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS We established a mouse model of ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer by treating the animals with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulphate sodium (DSS), and investigated the inflammation-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence. Expression patterns of PTEN, p-Akt and Ki-67 were shown by immunohistochemistry; western blotting techniques were used to detect protein expression of PTEN, p-Akt and caspase 3; TUNEL assay was used to measure apoptosis in colon epithelial cells; and colorimetric analysis was able to determine MPO activity in colon tissues. RESULTS During the inflammation-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence, PTEN expression gradually decreased, while p-Akt expression increased; PTEN and p-Akt levels were negatively correlated. Compared to the AOM-DSS and Ad-0 groups, Ad-PTEN mice had longer colons, fewer tumours (P < 0.01) and smaller tumour sizes (P < 0.05). After injecting Ad-PTEN, expression of p-Akt, Ki-67 and MPO activity decreased dramatically, whereas PTEN increased. The TUNEL assay showed increased apoptotic cells and caspase 3 expression in the Ad-PTEN group. CONCLUSION PTEN plays an important role in the inflammation-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence and may be a new molecular target in preventing and treating ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Geriatrics Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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46
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Murakami A, Furukawa I, Miyamoto S, Tanaka T, Ohigashi H. Curcumin combined with turmerones, essential oil components of turmeric, abolishes inflammation-associated mouse colon carcinogenesis. Biofactors 2013; 39:221-32. [PMID: 23233214 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR), a yellow pigment in turmeric, has marked potential for preventing colon cancer. We recently reported that ar-turmerone (ATM) suppressed nitric oxide (NO) generation in macrophages. In the present study, we explored the molecular mechanisms by which ATM attenuates NO generation and examined the anti-carcinogenesis activity of turmerones (TUR, a mixture of 5 sesquiterpenes including ATM). Both CUR and ATM inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of inducible forms of both nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase (iNOS and COX-2, respectively). A chase experiment using actinomycin D revealed that ATM accelerated the decay of iNOS and COX-2 mRNA, suggesting a post-transcriptional mechanism. ATM prevented LPS-induced translocation of HuR, an AU-rich element-binding protein that determines mRNA stability of certain inflammatory genes. In a colitis model, oral administration of TUR significantly suppressed 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced shortening of the large bowel by 52-58%. We also evaluated the chemopreventive effects of oral feeding of TUR, CUR, and their combinations using a model of dimethylhydradine-initiated and DSS-promoted mouse colon carcinogenesis. At the low dose, TUR markedly suppressed adenoma multiplicity by 73%, while CUR at both doses suppressed adenocarcinoma multiplicity by 63-69%. Interestingly, the combination of CUR and TUR at both low and high doses abolished tumor formation. Collectively, our results led to our hypothesis that TUR is a novel candidate for colon cancer prevention. Furthermore, we consider that its use in combination with CUR may become a powerful method for prevention of inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Murakami
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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47
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Imchen T, Manasse J, Min KW, Baek SJ. Characterization of PPAR dual ligand MCC-555 in AOM-induced colorectal tumorigenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:919-24. [PMID: 23369238 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists represent a potentially important family of chemopreventive/therapeutic compounds for cancer treatment by affecting cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Dual ligands for PPARα and PPARγ, such as netoglitazone (MCC-555), have been developed to improve treatment of metabolic syndromes, including hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Interestingly, these dual ligands also possess anti-proliferative activities against a variety of cancer cell lines with a greater potency than conventional PPARγ specific ligands. In this study, chemopreventive properties of MCC-555 in colorectal tumorigenesis were evaluated using azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in A/J mice. We found that MCC-555 suppressed AOM-induced ACF in A/J mice, compared to the control group. Administration of MCC-555 resulted in decreased mitoses and increased apoptotic cells in the colon. Furthermore, expression of tumor suppressor protein MUC2 was increased in MCC-555 treated mice. Our data clearly suggest that MCC-555 has an effect on the early events of colon carcinogenesis, thus providing evidence that MCC-555 could be a potential preventive compound for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temjenmongla Imchen
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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48
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Saleiro D, Murillo G, Benya RV, Bissonnette M, Hart J, Mehta RG. Estrogen receptor-β protects against colitis-associated neoplasia in mice. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:2553-61. [PMID: 22488198 PMCID: PMC3404195 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-beta (ERβ) has been suggested to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic effects in the colon, providing a translational potential to prevent and/or treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its progression to colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). However, the specific direct role of ERβ in CAC has not yet been tested. We assessed the effects of ERβ deficiency in the azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced CAC model using ERβ knockout (βERKO) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates. These mice were injected with AOM followed by 1 week of DSS treatment, and sacrificed on weeks 9 or 16. βERKO mice developed more severe clinical colitis compared to WT mice, as evidenced by significantly higher disease activity index after DSS treatment, weight to length ratio of the colons, inflammation score and grade of dysplasia. ERβ-deficient colons presented greater number and size of polyps at weeks 9 and 16, respectively, and were characterized by a significant increase in interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon-gamma mRNA levels. Furthermore, higher protein expression levels of nuclear factor-kappa B, inducible nitric oxide synthase, β-catenin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, mucin-1 and significantly lower caveolin-1 and mucin-2 protein levels were shown in βERKO mice compared to WT mice. These data suggest a possible anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic mechanism of action of ERβ in CAC. These results demonstrate for the first time that ERβ provides protection in the AOM/DSS-induced CAC model in mice, suggesting a preventive and/or therapeutic potential for the use of ERβ-selective agonists in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Saleiro
- Cancer Biology Division, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, University of Porto, 4150 Porto, Portugal
| | - Genoveva Murillo
- Cancer Biology Division, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Richard V. Benya
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - John Hart
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rajendra G. Mehta
- Cancer Biology Division, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
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49
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Tanaka T, Ishikawa H. Mast cells and inflammation-associated colorectal carcinogenesis. Semin Immunopathol 2012; 35:245-54. [PMID: 22993030 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-012-0343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Close association between chronic inflammation and cancer has been recently highlighted. Indeed, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been strongly linked with an increased risk of development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Inflammatory cell-produced inflammatory mediators, such as proinflammatory cytokines and inducible enzymes, contribute to this association. In an inflammatory microenvironment, infiltrating macrophages and mast cells mediate production of these inflammatory mediators to promote growth of tumors in target tissues. In contrast to macrophages, contribution of mast cells to CRC development in inflamed colon is not well understood. This study aimed to determine the role of mast cells in inflammation-associated colorectal carcinogenesis. CRC was induced by administration of the colonic carcinogen, azoxymethane (AOM), and the tumor promoter dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in male mast cell-deficient WBBF(1)-kit (W/W-v) (W/W(v)) and mast cell-normal WBB6F(1)-+/+(WT) mice. At week 12, the W/W(v) mice had markedly lower inflammation scores in the colon when compared with WT mice. The mRNA levels of colonic proinflammatory cytokines and inducible enzymes were also decreased in W/W(V) mice at weeks 12 and 20, when compared with WT counterparts. Colorectal tumors, including CRC, were identified by histopathological analysis performed 20 weeks thereafter. Importantly, there were less neoplastic and preneoplastic colonic lesions in the W/W(v) mice compared with the WT mice. Thus, for the first time, our study shows that mice lacking mast cells are less susceptible to inflammation-associated colorectal carcinogenesis. Our findings also suggest that mast cells and their selected cytokines could play an important role in inflammation-mediated tumorigenesis through regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and inducible inflammatory enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Tanaka
- The Tohkai Cytopathology Institute: Cancer Research and Prevention, 5-1-2 Minami-uzura, Gifu 500-8285, Japan.
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50
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Bounaama A, Djerdjouri B, Laroche-Clary A, Le Morvan V, Robert J. Short curcumin treatment modulates oxidative stress, arginase activity, aberrant crypt foci, and TGF-β1 and HES-1 transcripts in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-colon carcinogenesis in mice. Toxicology 2012; 302:308-17. [PMID: 22982865 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of short curcumin treatment, a natural antioxidant on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in mice. The incidence of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) was 100%, with 54 ± 6 per colon, 10 weeks after the first DMH injection and reached 67 ± 12 per colon after 12 weeks. A high level of undifferentiated goblet cells and a weak apoptotic activity were shown in dysplastic ACF. The morphological alterations of colonic mucosa were associated to severe oxidative stress ratio with 43% increase in malondialdehyde vs. 36% decrease in GSH. DMH also increased inducible nitric synthase (iNOS) mRNA transcripts (250%), nitrites level (240%) and arginase activity (296%), leading to nitrosative stress and cell proliferation. Curcumin treatment, starting at week 10 post-DMH injection for 14 days, reduced the number of ACF (40%), iNOS expression (25%) and arginase activity (73%), and improved redox status by approximately 46%, compared to DMH-treated mice. Moreover, curcumin induced apoptosis of dysplastic ACF cells without restoring goblet cells differentiation. Interestingly, curcumin induced a parallel increase in TGF-β1 and HES-1 transcripts (42% and 26%, respectively). In conclusion, the protective effect of curcumin was driven by the reduction of arginase activity and nitrosative stress. The up regulation of TGF-β1 and HES-1 expression by curcumin suggests for the first time, a potential interplay between these signalling pathways in the chemoprotective mechanism of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkader Bounaama
- Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Alger, Algeria
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