1
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Xiao YQ, Long J, Zhang SS, Zhu YY, Gu SX. Non-peptidic inhibitors targeting SARS-CoV-2 main protease: A review. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107380. [PMID: 38636432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose a threat to global health, and sounds the alarm for research & development of effective anti-coronavirus drugs, which are crucial for the patients and urgently needed for the current epidemic and future crisis. The main protease (Mpro) stands as an essential enzyme in the maturation process of SARS-CoV-2, playing an irreplaceable role in regulating viral RNA replication and transcription. It has emerged as an ideal target for developing antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 due to its high conservation and the absence of homologous proteases in the human body. Among the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors, non-peptidic compounds hold promising prospects owing to their excellent antiviral activity and improved metabolic stability. In this review, we offer an overview of research progress concerning non-peptidic SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors since 2020. The efforts delved into molecular structures, structure-activity relationships (SARs), biological activity, and binding modes of these inhibitors with Mpro. This review aims to provide valuable clues and insights for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents as well as broad-spectrum coronavirus Mpro inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qi Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Jiao Long
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Shuang-Xi Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
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2
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Scutigliani EM, van Hattum J, Lobo-Cerna F, Kruyswijk J, Myrcha M, Dekkers FEGA, Hoebe RA, Edwards F, Oppelaar JJ, Vogt L, Bootsma S, Bijlsma MF, Picavet DI, Crezee J, Oddens JR, de Reijke TM, Krawczyk PM. Perturbation of Copper Homeostasis Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Elevated Temperature. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:423. [PMID: 38203594 PMCID: PMC10779418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Temporary elevation of tumor temperature, also known as hyperthermia, is a safe and well-tolerated treatment modality. The efficacy of hyperthermia can be improved by efficient thermosensitizers, and various candidate drugs, including inhibitors of the heat stress response, have been explored in vitro and in animal models, but clinically relevant thermosensitizers are lacking. Here, we employ unbiased in silico approaches to uncover new mechanisms and compounds that could be leveraged to increase the thermosensitivity of cancer cells. We then focus on elesclomol, a well-performing compound, which amplifies cell killing by hyperthermia by 5- to 20-fold in cell lines and outperforms clinically applied chemotherapy when combined with hyperthermia in vitro. Surprisingly, our findings suggest that the thermosensitizing effects of elesclomol are independent of its previously reported modes of action but depend on copper shuttling. Importantly, we show that, like elesclomol, multiple other copper shuttlers can thermosensitize, suggesting that disturbing copper homeostasis could be a general strategy for improving the efficacy of hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo M. Scutigliani
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.S.); (F.L.-C.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (F.E.G.A.D.); (F.E.); (D.I.P.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.H.); (J.C.); (J.R.O.); (T.M.d.R.)
| | - Jons van Hattum
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.H.); (J.C.); (J.R.O.); (T.M.d.R.)
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Lobo-Cerna
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.S.); (F.L.-C.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (F.E.G.A.D.); (F.E.); (D.I.P.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.H.); (J.C.); (J.R.O.); (T.M.d.R.)
| | - Joanne Kruyswijk
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.S.); (F.L.-C.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (F.E.G.A.D.); (F.E.); (D.I.P.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.H.); (J.C.); (J.R.O.); (T.M.d.R.)
| | - Maja Myrcha
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.S.); (F.L.-C.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (F.E.G.A.D.); (F.E.); (D.I.P.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.H.); (J.C.); (J.R.O.); (T.M.d.R.)
| | - Frederique E. G. A. Dekkers
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.S.); (F.L.-C.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (F.E.G.A.D.); (F.E.); (D.I.P.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.H.); (J.C.); (J.R.O.); (T.M.d.R.)
| | - Ron A. Hoebe
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.S.); (F.L.-C.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (F.E.G.A.D.); (F.E.); (D.I.P.)
| | - Finn Edwards
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.S.); (F.L.-C.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (F.E.G.A.D.); (F.E.); (D.I.P.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.H.); (J.C.); (J.R.O.); (T.M.d.R.)
| | - Jetta J. Oppelaar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.J.O.); (L.V.)
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liffert Vogt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.J.O.); (L.V.)
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Bootsma
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.B.); (M.F.B.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Jaarbeursplein 6, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F. Bijlsma
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.B.); (M.F.B.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Jaarbeursplein 6, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daisy I. Picavet
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.S.); (F.L.-C.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (F.E.G.A.D.); (F.E.); (D.I.P.)
| | - Johannes Crezee
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.H.); (J.C.); (J.R.O.); (T.M.d.R.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorg R. Oddens
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.H.); (J.C.); (J.R.O.); (T.M.d.R.)
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M. de Reijke
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.H.); (J.C.); (J.R.O.); (T.M.d.R.)
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Przemek M. Krawczyk
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.S.); (F.L.-C.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (F.E.G.A.D.); (F.E.); (D.I.P.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.H.); (J.C.); (J.R.O.); (T.M.d.R.)
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3
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Musicco C, Signorile A, Pesce V, Loguercio Polosa P, Cormio A. Mitochondria Deregulations in Cancer Offer Several Potential Targets of Therapeutic Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10420. [PMID: 37445598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in cancer and their involvement is not limited to the production of ATP only. Mitochondria also produce reactive oxygen species and building blocks to sustain rapid cell proliferation; thus, the deregulation of mitochondrial function is associated with cancer disease development and progression. In cancer cells, a metabolic reprogramming takes place through a different modulation of the mitochondrial metabolic pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, the Krebs cycle, glutamine and heme metabolism. Alterations of mitochondrial homeostasis, in particular, of mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, dynamics, redox balance, and protein homeostasis, were also observed in cancer cells. The use of drugs acting on mitochondrial destabilization may represent a promising therapeutic approach in tumors in which mitochondrial respiration is the predominant energy source. In this review, we summarize the main mitochondrial features and metabolic pathways altered in cancer cells, moreover, we present the best known drugs that, by acting on mitochondrial homeostasis and metabolic pathways, may induce mitochondrial alterations and cancer cell death. In addition, new strategies that induce mitochondrial damage, such as photodynamic, photothermal and chemodynamic therapies, and the development of nanoformulations that specifically target drugs in mitochondria are also described. Thus, mitochondria-targeted drugs may open new frontiers to a tailored and personalized cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Musicco
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Signorile
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Pesce
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Loguercio Polosa
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Cormio
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
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4
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Bakalova R, Lazarova D, Sumiyoshi A, Shibata S, Zhelev Z, Nikolova B, Semkova S, Vlaykova T, Aoki I, Higashi T. Redox-Cycling "Mitocans" as Effective New Developments in Anticancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098435. [PMID: 37176145 PMCID: PMC10179378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study proposes a pharmacological strategy to target cancerous mitochondria via redox-cycling "mitocans" such as quinone/ascorbate (Q/A) redox-pairs, which makes cancer cells fragile and sensitive without adverse effects on normal cells and tissues. Eleven Q/A redox-pairs were tested on cultured cells and cancer-bearing mice. The following parameters were analyzed: cell proliferation/viability, mitochondrial superoxide, steady-state ATP, tissue redox-state, tumor-associated NADH oxidase (tNOX) expression, tumor growth, and survival. Q/A redox-pairs containing unprenylated quinones exhibited strong dose-dependent antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on cancer cells, accompanied by overproduction of mitochondrial superoxide and accelerated ATP depletion. In normal cells, the same redox-pairs did not significantly affect the viability and energy homeostasis, but induced mild mitochondrial oxidative stress, which is well tolerated. Benzoquinone/ascorbate redox-pairs were more effective than naphthoquinone/ascorbate, with coenzyme Q0/ascorbate exhibiting the most pronounced anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. Targeted anticancer effects of Q/A redox-pairs and their tolerance to normal cells and tissues are attributed to: (i) downregulation of quinone prenylation in cancer, leading to increased mitochondrial production of semiquinone and, consequently, superoxide; (ii) specific and accelerated redox-cycling of unprenylated quinones and ascorbate mainly in the impaired cancerous mitochondria due to their redox imbalance; and (iii) downregulation of tNOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumiana Bakalova
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University, St. Kliment Ohridski, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dessislava Lazarova
- Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University, St. Kliment Ohridski, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Akira Sumiyoshi
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Sayaka Shibata
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Zhivko Zhelev
- Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Biliana Nikolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Severina Semkova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tatyana Vlaykova
- Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Ichio Aoki
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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5
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Teng JY, Yang DP, Tang C, Fang HS, Sun HY, Xiang YN, Li XM, Yang F, Xia RX, Fan F, Liu J, Yu J, Hu JC, Li BS, Li H, Meng FL, Duan CW, Zhou BBS. Targeting DNA polymerase β elicits synthetic lethality with mismatch repair deficiency in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2023:10.1038/s41375-023-01902-3. [PMID: 37095208 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01902-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency has been linked to thiopurine resistance and hypermutation in relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, the repair mechanism of thiopurine-induced DNA damage in the absence of MMR remains unclear. Here, we provide evidence that DNA polymerase β (POLB) of base excision repair (BER) pathway plays a critical role in the survival and thiopurine resistance of MMR-deficient ALL cells. In these aggressive resistant ALL cells, POLB depletion and its inhibitor oleanolic acid (OA) treatment result in synthetic lethality with MMR deficiency through increased cellular apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites, DNA strand breaks and apoptosis. POLB depletion increases thiopurine sensitivities of resistant cells, and OA synergizes with thiopurine to kill these cells in ALL cell lines, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells and xenograft mouse models. Our findings suggest BER and POLB's roles in the process of repairing thiopurine-induced DNA damage in MMR-deficient ALL cells, and implicate their potentials as therapeutic targets against aggressive ALL progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yuan Teng
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hou-Shun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Ning Xiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Xue Xia
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jin-Chuan Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ben-Shang Li
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei-Long Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cai-Wen Duan
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bin-Bing S Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Targeting mitochondria as a potential therapeutic strategy against chemoresistance in cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114398. [PMID: 36773523 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of mitochondria is not only limited to energy generation but also in several physical and chemical processes critical for cell survival. Mitochondria play an essential role in cellular apoptosis, calcium ion transport and cellular metabolism. Mutation in the nuclear and mitochondrial genes, altered oncogenes/tumor suppressor genes, and deregulated signalling for cell viability are major reasons for cancer progression and chemoresistance. The development of drug resistance in cancer patients is a major challenge in cancer treatment as the resistant cells are often more aggressive. The drug resistant cells of numerous cancer types exhibit the deregulation of mitochondrial function. The increased biogenesis of mitochondria and its dynamic alteration contribute to developing resistance. Further, a small subpopulation of cancer stem cells in the heterogeneous tumor is primarily responsible for chemoresistance and has an attribute of mitochondrial dysfunction. This review highlights the critical role of mitochondrial dysfunction in chemoresistance in cancer cells through the processes of apoptosis, autophagy/mitophagy, and cancer stemness. Mitochondria-targeted therapeutic strategies might help reduce cancer progression and chemoresistance induced by various cancer drugs.
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7
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Peng J, Hu X, Fan S, Zhou J, Ren S, Sun R, Chen Y, Shen X, Chen Y. Inhibition of Mitochondrial Biosynthesis Using a "Right-Side-Out" Membrane-Camouflaged Micelle to Facilitate the Therapeutic Effects of Shikonin on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200742. [PMID: 35818932 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondria represent a potential target for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and shikonin (SK) has shown remarkable therapeutic effects on TNBC. Herein, it is found that SK possesses potent inhibitory effects on mitochondrial biogenesis via targeting polymerase gamma (POLG). However, its application is restricted by its poor aqueous solubility and stability, and therefore, a biomimetic micelle to aid with tumor lesion accumulation and mitochondria-targeted delivery of SK is designed. A folic acid (FA) conjugated polyethylene glycol derivative (FA-PEG-FA) is inserted onto the external membranes of red blood cells (FP-RBCm) to prepare a "right-side-out" RBCm-camouflaged cationic micelle (ThTM/SK@FP-RBCm). Both FP-RBCm coating and a triphenylphosphine (TPP) moiety on the periphery of micelles contribute to tumor lesion distribution, receptor-mediated cellular uptake, and electrostatic attraction-dependent mitochondrial targeting, thereby maximizing inhibitory effects on mitochondrial biosynthesis in TNBC cells. Intravenous administration of ThTM/SK@FP-RBCm leads to profound inhibition of tumor growth and lung metastasis in a TNBC mouse model with no obvious toxicity. This work highlights the mitochondria-targeted delivery of SK using a "right-side-out" membrane-camouflaged micelle for the inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis and enhanced therapeutic effects on TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Peng
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China.,Translational Medicine Research Center of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China.,Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaoxia Hu
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China.,Translational Medicine Research Center of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Shuangqin Fan
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China.,Translational Medicine Research Center of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China.,Translational Medicine Research Center of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Shuang Ren
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China.,Translational Medicine Research Center of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Runbin Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Yi Chen
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China.,Translational Medicine Research Center of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China.,Translational Medicine Research Center of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China.,Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China.,Translational Medicine Research Center of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China.,Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
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8
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Somuncu B, Ekmekcioglu A, Antmen FM, Ertuzun T, Deniz E, Keskin N, Park J, Yazici IE, Simsek B, Erman B, Yin W, Erman B, Muftuoglu M. Targeting mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma for selective inhibition of MLH1 deficient colon cancer growth. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268391. [PMID: 35657956 PMCID: PMC9165880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic lethality in DNA repair pathways is an important strategy for the selective treatment of cancer cells without harming healthy cells and developing cancer-specific drugs. The synthetic lethal interaction between the mismatch repair (MMR) protein, MutL homolog 1 (MLH1), and the mitochondrial base excision repair protein, DNA polymerase γ (Pol γ) was used in this study for the selective treatment of MLH1 deficient cancers. Germline mutations in the MLH1 gene and aberrant MLH1 promoter methylation result in an increased risk of developing many cancers, including nonpolyposis colorectal and endometrial cancers. Because the inhibition of Pol γ in MLH1 deficient cancer cells provides the synthetic lethal selectivity, we conducted a comprehensive small molecule screening from various databases and chemical drug library molecules for novel Pol γ inhibitors that selectively kill MLH1 deficient cancer cells. We characterized these Pol γ inhibitor molecules in vitro and in vivo, and identified 3,3'-[(1,1'-Biphenyl)-4',4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[4-amino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid] (congo red; CR; Zinc 03830554) as a high-affinity binder to the Pol γ protein and potent inhibitor of the Pol γ strand displacement and one-nucleotide incorporation DNA synthesis activities in vitro and in vivo. CR reduced the cell proliferation of MLH1 deficient HCT116 human colon cancer cells and suppressed HCT116 xenograft tumor growth whereas it did not affect the MLH1 proficient cell proliferation and xenograft tumor growth. CR caused mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death by inhibiting Pol γ activity and oxidative mtDNA damage repair, increasing the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative mtDNA damage in MLH1 deficient cells. This study suggests that the Pol γ inhibitor, CR may be further evaluated for the MLH1 deficient cancers' therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Somuncu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Merve Antmen
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugce Ertuzun
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Deniz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazli Keskin
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Joon Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ilgu Ece Yazici
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Busra Simsek
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Batu Erman
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Whitney Yin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Burak Erman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meltem Muftuoglu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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Kubik J, Humeniuk E, Adamczuk G, Madej-Czerwonka B, Korga-Plewko A. Targeting Energy Metabolism in Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105572. [PMID: 35628385 PMCID: PMC9146201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second most common cause of death worldwide after cardiovascular diseases. The development of molecular and biochemical techniques has expanded the knowledge of changes occurring in specific metabolic pathways of cancer cells. Increased aerobic glycolysis, the promotion of anaplerotic responses, and especially the dependence of cells on glutamine and fatty acid metabolism have become subjects of study. Despite many cancer treatment strategies, many patients with neoplastic diseases cannot be completely cured due to the development of resistance in cancer cells to currently used therapeutic approaches. It is now becoming a priority to develop new treatment strategies that are highly effective and have few side effects. In this review, we present the current knowledge of the enzymes involved in the different steps of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway, and possible targeted therapies. The review also focuses on presenting the differences between cancer cells and normal cells in terms of metabolic phenotype. Knowledge of cancer cell metabolism is constantly evolving, and further research is needed to develop new strategies for anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kubik
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (G.A.); (A.K.-P.)
| | - Ewelina Humeniuk
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (G.A.); (A.K.-P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-448-65-20
| | - Grzegorz Adamczuk
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (G.A.); (A.K.-P.)
| | - Barbara Madej-Czerwonka
- Human Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Korga-Plewko
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (G.A.); (A.K.-P.)
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10
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Zhang C, Xue Y, Wang L, Wu Q, Fang B, Sheng Y, Bai H, Peng B, Yang N, Li L. Progress on the Physiological Function of Mitochondrial DNA and Its Specific Detection and Therapy. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100474. [PMID: 34661371 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is the genetic information of mitochondrion, and its structure is circular double-stranded. Despite the diminutive size of the mitochondrial genome, mtDNA mutations are an important cause of mitochondrial diseases which are characterized by defects in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mitochondrial diseases are involved in multiple systems, particularly in the organs that are highly dependent on aerobic metabolism. The diagnosis of mitochondrial disease is more complicated since mtDNA mutations can cause various clinical symptoms. To realize more accurate diagnosis and treatment of mitochondrial diseases, the detection of mtDNA and the design of drugs acting on it are extremely important. Over the past few years, many probes and therapeutic drugs targeting mtDNA have been developed, making significant contributions to fundamental research including elucidation of the mechanisms of mitochondrial diseases at the genetic level. In this review, we summarize the structure, function, and detection approaches for mtDNA. The most current topics in this field, such as mechanistic exploration and treatment of mtDNA mutation-related disorders, are also reviewed. Specific attention is given to discussing the design and development of these probes and drugs for mtDNA. We hope that this review will provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the importance of mtDNA, and promote the development of effective molecules for theragnosis of mtDNA mutation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yufei Xue
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and, Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Bin Fang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and, Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yu Sheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and, Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Hua Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and, Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and, Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Naidi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China.,The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
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11
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Ganbat D, Jugder BE, Ganbat L, Tomoeda M, Dungubat E, Takahashi Y, Mori I, Shiomi T, Tomita Y. The Efficacy of Vitamin K, A Member Of Naphthoquinones in the Treatment of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:495-513. [PMID: 33475062 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621999210120182834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Redox dysregulation originating from metabolic alterations in cancer cells contributes to their proliferation, invasion, and resistance to therapy. Conversely, these features represent a specific vulnerability of malignant cells that can be selectively targeted by redox chemotherapeutics. Amongst them, Vitamin K (VitK) carries the potential against cancer stem cells, in addition to the rest of tumor mass. OBJECTIVES To assess the possible benefits and safety of VitK for cancer treatment using a systematic review and meta-analysis with a mixed-methods approach. METHODS We performed a systematic search on several electronic databases for studies comparing VitK treatment with and without combination to the control groups. For quantitative studies, fully or partially reported clinical outcomes such as recurrence rates, survival, overall response and adverse reactions were assessed. For qualitative studies, a narrative synthesis was accomplished. RESULTS Our analysis suggested that the clinical outcome of efficacy, the pooled hazard ratio for progression-free survival, and the pooled relative risk for overall survival, and overall response were significantly higher in the VitK therapy group compared to the placebo group (p<0.05). We did not observe any significant difference in the occurrence of adverse events between groups. Among qualitative studies, VitK treatment targeting myelodysplastic syndrome and advanced solid tumors resulted in 24.1% and 10% of clinical response, respectively. CONCLUSION VitK not only exerts antitumor effects against a wide range of tumor types, but it also has excellent synergism with other therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariimaa Ganbat
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Bat-Erdene Jugder
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, United States
| | - Lkhamaa Ganbat
- Department of Administration, MCS Property, Ulan-Bator, Mongolia
| | - Miki Tomoeda
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kobe International University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Erdenetsogt Dungubat
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Ichiro Mori
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shiomi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tomita
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
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12
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Liu W, Xie L, He YH, Wu ZY, Liu LX, Bai XF, Deng DX, Xu XE, Liao LD, Lin W, Heng JH, Xu X, Peng L, Huang QF, Li CY, Zhang ZD, Wang W, Zhang GR, Gao X, Wang SH, Li CQ, Xu LY, Liu W, Li EM. Large-scale and high-resolution mass spectrometry-based proteomics profiling defines molecular subtypes of esophageal cancer for therapeutic targeting. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4961. [PMID: 34400640 PMCID: PMC8368010 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a type of aggressive cancer without clinically relevant molecular subtypes, hindering the development of effective strategies for treatment. To define molecular subtypes of EC, we perform mass spectrometry-based proteomic and phosphoproteomics profiling of EC tumors and adjacent non-tumor tissues, revealing a catalog of proteins and phosphosites that are dysregulated in ECs. The EC cohort is stratified into two molecular subtypes-S1 and S2-based on proteomic analysis, with the S2 subtype characterized by the upregulation of spliceosomal and ribosomal proteins, and being more aggressive. Moreover, we identify a subtype signature composed of ELOA and SCAF4, and construct a subtype diagnostic and prognostic model. Potential drugs are predicted for treating patients of S2 subtype, and three candidate drugs are validated to inhibit EC. Taken together, our proteomic analysis define molecular subtypes of EC, thus providing a potential therapeutic outlook for improving disease outcomes in patients with EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- College of Science, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao-Hui He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wu
- Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu-Xin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue-Feng Bai
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dan-Xia Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiu-E Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lian-Di Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing-Hua Heng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liu Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing-Feng Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng-Yu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Da Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Science, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guo-Rui Zhang
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shao-Hong Wang
- Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Quan Li
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - En-Min Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
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13
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Choudhary D, Goykar H, Karanwad T, Kannaujia S, Gadekar V, Misra M. An understanding of mitochondria and its role in targeting nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Asian J Pharm Sci 2021; 16:397-418. [PMID: 34703491 PMCID: PMC8520044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has changed the entire paradigm of drug targeting and has shown tremendous potential in the area of cancer therapy due to its specificity. In cancer, several targets have been explored which could be utilized for the better treatment of disease. Mitochondria, the so-called powerhouse of cell, portrays significant role in the survival and death of cells, and has emerged as potential target for cancer therapy. Direct targeting and nanotechnology based approaches can be tailor-made to target mitochondria and thus improve the survival rate of patients suffering from cancer. With this backdrop, in present review, we have reemphasized the role of mitochondria in cancer progression and inhibition, highlighting the different targets that can be explored for targeting of disease. Moreover, we have also summarized different nanoparticulate systems that have been used for treatment of cancer via mitochondrial targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Choudhary
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opp. Air force station headqtrs, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Hanmant Goykar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opp. Air force station headqtrs, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Tukaram Karanwad
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opp. Air force station headqtrs, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Suraj Kannaujia
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opp. Air force station headqtrs, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Vedant Gadekar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opp. Air force station headqtrs, Gandhinagar 382355, India
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14
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Mani S, Swargiary G, Tyagi S, Singh M, Jha NK, Singh KK. Nanotherapeutic approaches to target mitochondria in cancer. Life Sci 2021; 281:119773. [PMID: 34192595 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of cancer cells exemplifies a difficult test in the light of challenges associated with the nature of cancer cells and the severe side effects too. After making a large number of trials using both traditional and advanced therapies (immunotherapy and hormone therapy), approaches to design new therapies have reached a saturation level. However, nanotechnology-based approaches exhibit higher efficacy and great potential to bypass many of such therapeutic limitations. Because of their higher target specificity, the use of nanoparticles offers incredible potential in cancer therapeutics. Mitochondria, acting as a factory of energy production in cells, reveal an important role in the death as well as the survival of cells. Because of its significant involvement in the proliferation of cancer cells, it is being regarded as an important target for cancer therapeutics. Numerous studies reveal that nanotechnology-based approaches to directly target the mitochondria may help in improving the survival rate of cancer patients. In the current study, we have detailed the significance of mitochondria in the development of cancer phenotype, as well as indicated it as the potential targets for cancer therapy. Our study further highlights the importance of different nanoparticle-based approaches to target mitochondria of cancer cells and the associated outcomes of different studies. Though, nanotechnology-based approaches to target mitochondria of cancer cells demonstrate a potential and efficient way in cancer therapeutics. Yet, further study is needed to overcome the linked limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mani
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, UP 201301, India.
| | - Geeta Swargiary
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, UP 201301, India
| | - Sakshi Tyagi
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, UP 201301, India
| | - Manisha Singh
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, UP 201301, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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15
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Liu X, Abraham MH, Acree WE. Descriptors for vitamin K3 (menadione); calculation of biological and physicochemical properties. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Wang R, Hu Q, Wang H, Zhu G, Wang M, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Li C, Zhang Y, Ge G, Chen H, Chen L. Identification of Vitamin K3 and its analogues as covalent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:182-192. [PMID: 33901557 PMCID: PMC8064871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
After the emergence of the pandemic, repurposed drugs have been considered as a quicker way of finding potential antiviral agents. SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro is essential for processing the viral polyproteins into mature non-structural proteins, making it an attractive target for developing antiviral agents. Here we show that Vitamin K3 screened from the FDA-Approved Drug Library containing an array of 1,018 compounds has potent inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro with the IC50 value of 4.78 ± 1.03 μM, rather than Vitamin K1, K2 and K4. Next, the time-dependent inhibitory experiment was carried out to confirm that Vitamin K3 could form the covalent bond with SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. Then we analyzed the structure-activity relationship of Vitamin K3 analogues and identified 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone with 9.8 times higher inhibitory activity than Vitamin K3. Further mass spectrometric analysis and molecular docking study verified the covalent binding between Vitamin K3 or 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. Thus, our findings provide valuable information for further optimization and design of novel inhibitors based on Vitamin K3 and its analogues, which may have the potential to fight against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haonan Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guanghao Zhu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengge Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yishu Zhao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Lili Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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17
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Nakaoka A, Nakahana M, Inubushi S, Akasaka H, Salah M, Fujita Y, Kubota H, Hassan M, Nishikawa R, Mukumoto N, Ishihara T, Miyawaki D, Sasayama T, Sasaki R. Exosome-mediated radiosensitizing effect on neighboring cancer cells via increase in intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:13. [PMID: 33649776 PMCID: PMC7877005 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise mechanism of intercellular communication between cancer cells following radiation exposure is unclear. Exosomes are membrane‑enclosed small vesicles comprising lipid bilayers and are mediators of intercellular communication that transport a variety of intracellular components, including microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs). The present study aimed to identify novel roles of exosomes released from irradiated cells to neighboring cancer cells. In order to confirm the presence of exosomes in the human pancreatic cancer cell line MIAPaCa‑2, ultracentrifugation was performed followed by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NanoSight) using the exosome‑specific surface markers CD9 and CD63. Subsequent endocytosis of exosomes was confirmed by fluorescent microscopy. Cell survival following irradiation and the addition of exosomes was evaluated by colony forming assay. Expression levels of miRNAs in exosomes were then quantified by microarray analysis, while protein expression levels of Cu/Zn‑ and Mn‑superoxide dismutase (SOD1 and 2, respectively) enzymes in MIAPaCa‑2 cells were evaluated by western blotting. Results showed that the uptake of irradiated exosomes was significantly higher than that of non‑irradiated exosomes. Notably, irradiated exosomes induced higher intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a higher frequency of DNA damage in MIAPaCa‑2 cells, as determined by fluorescent microscopy and immunocytochemistry, respectively. Moreover, six up‑ and five downregulated miRNAs were identified in 5 and 8 Gy‑irradiated cells using miRNA microarray analyses. Further analysis using miRNA mimics and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR identified miR‑6823‑5p as a potential candidate to inhibit SOD1, leading to increased intracellular ROS levels and DNA damage. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that irradiated exosomes enhance the radiation effect via increasing intracellular ROS levels in cancer cells. This contributes to improved understanding of the bystander effect of neighboring cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Nakaoka
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Makiko Nakahana
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Sachiko Inubushi
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Akasaka
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Mohammed Salah
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Yoshiko Fujita
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hikaru Kubota
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Mennaallah Hassan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Ryo Nishikawa
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Naritoshi Mukumoto
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ishihara
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Daisuke Miyawaki
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sasaki
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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18
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Oliveira GL, Coelho AR, Marques R, Oliveira PJ. Cancer cell metabolism: Rewiring the mitochondrial hub. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:166016. [PMID: 33246010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.166016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To adapt to tumoral environment conditions or even to escape chemotherapy, cells rapidly reprogram their metabolism to handle adversities and survive. Given the rapid rise of studies uncovering novel insights and therapeutic opportunities based on the role of mitochondria in tumor metabolic programing and therapeutics, this review summarizes most significant developments in the field. Taking in mind the key role of mitochondria on carcinogenesis and tumor progression due to their involvement on tumor plasticity, metabolic remodeling, and signaling re-wiring, those organelles are also potential therapeutic targets. Among other topics, we address the recent data intersecting mitochondria as of prognostic value and staging in cancer, by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) determination, and current inhibitors developments targeting mtDNA, OXPHOS machinery and metabolic pathways. We contribute for a holistic view of the role of mitochondria metabolism and directed therapeutics to understand tumor metabolism, to circumvent therapy resistance, and to control tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela L Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Ana R Coelho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Marques
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal.
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Selective Targeting of Cancerous Mitochondria and Suppression of Tumor Growth Using Redox-Active Treatment Adjuvant. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6212935. [PMID: 33204397 PMCID: PMC7652615 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6212935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Redox-active substances and their combinations, such as of quinone/ascorbate and in particular menadione/ascorbate (M/A; also named Apatone®), attract attention with their unusual ability to kill cancer cells without affecting the viability of normal cells as well as with the synergistic anticancer effect of both molecules. So far, the primary mechanism of M/A-mediated anticancer effects has not been linked to the mitochondria. The aim of our study was to clarify whether this “combination drug” affects mitochondrial functionality specifically in cancer cells. Studies were conducted on cancer cells (Jurkat, Colon26, and MCF7) and normal cells (normal lymphocytes, FHC, and MCF10A), treated with different concentrations of menadione, ascorbate, and/or their combination (2/200, 3/300, 5/500, 10/1000, and 20/2000 μM/μM of M/A). M/A exhibited highly specific and synergistic suppression on cancer cell growth but without adversely affecting the viability of normal cells at pharmacologically attainable concentrations. In M/A-treated cancer cells, the cytostatic/cytotoxic effect is accompanied by (i) extremely high production of mitochondrial superoxide (up to 15-fold over the control level), (ii) a significant decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, (iii) a decrease of the steady-state levels of ATP, succinate, NADH, and NAD+, and (iv) a decreased expression of programed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)—one of the major immune checkpoints. These effects were dose dependent. The inhibition of NQO1 by dicoumarol increased mitochondrial superoxide and sensitized cancer cells to M/A. In normal cells, M/A induced relatively low and dose-independent increase of mitochondrial superoxide and mild oxidative stress, which seems to be well tolerated. These data suggest that all anticancer effects of M/A result from a specific mechanism, tightly connected to the mitochondria of cancer cells. At low/tolerable doses of M/A (1/100-3/300 μM/μM) attainable in cancer by oral and parenteral administration, M/A sensitized cancer cells to conventional anticancer drugs, exhibiting synergistic or additive cytotoxicity accompanied by impressive induction of apoptosis. Combinations of M/A with 13 anticancer drugs were investigated (ABT-737, barasertib, bleomycin, BEZ-235, bortezomib, cisplatin, everolimus, lomustine, lonafarnib, MG-132, MLN-2238, palbociclib, and PI-103). Low/tolerable doses of M/A did not induce irreversible cytotoxicity in cancer cells but did cause irreversible metabolic changes, including: (i) a decrease of succinate and NADH, (ii) depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, and (iii) overproduction of superoxide in the mitochondria of cancer cells only. In addition, M/A suppressed tumor growth in vivo after oral administration in mice with melanoma and the drug downregulated PD-L1 in melanoma cells. Experimental data suggest a great potential for beneficial anticancer effects of M/A through increasing the sensitivity of cancer cells to conventional anticancer therapy, as well as to the immune system, while sparing normal cells. We hypothesize that M/A-mediated anticancer effects are triggered by redox cycling of both substances, specifically within dysfunctional mitochondria. M/A may also have a beneficial effect on the immune system, making cancer cells “visible” and more vulnerable to the native immune response.
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20
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Macasoi I, Mioc A, Mioc M, Racoviceanu R, Soica I, Chevereșan A, Dehelean C, Dumitrașcu V. Targeting Mitochondria through the Use of Mitocans as Emerging Anticancer Agents. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5730-5757. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190712150638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key players with a multi-functional role in many vital cellular processes,
such as energy metabolism, redox regulation, calcium homeostasis, Reactive Oxygen Species
(ROS) as well as in cell signaling, survival and apoptosis. These functions are mainly regulated
through important enzyme signaling cascades, which if altered may influence the outcome of cell
viability and apoptosis. Therefore some of the key enzymes that are vital for these signaling pathways
are emerging as important targets for new anticancer agent development. Mitocans are compounds
aimed at targeting mitochondria in cancer cells by altering mitochondrial functions thus
causing cell growth inhibition or apoptosis. This review summarizes the till present known classes
of mitocans, their mechanism of action and potential therapeutic use in different forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Macasoi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Racoviceanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Irina Soica
- Earlscliffe Sixth Form, Earlscliffe, 29 Shorncliffe Road, Folkestone, CT20 2NB, United Kingdom
| | - Adelina Chevereșan
- Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Victor Dumitrașcu
- Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
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21
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Natural Agents Targeting Mitochondria in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196992. [PMID: 32977472 PMCID: PMC7582837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the key energy provider to highly proliferating cancer cells, and are subsequently considered one of the critical targets in cancer therapeutics. Several compounds have been studied for their mitochondria-targeting ability in cancer cells. These studies’ outcomes have led to the invention of “mitocans”, a category of drug known to precisely target the cancer cells’ mitochondria. Based upon their mode of action, mitocans have been divided into eight classes. To date, different synthetic compounds have been suggested to be potential mitocans, but unfortunately, they are observed to exert adverse effects. Many studies have been published justifying the medicinal significance of large numbers of natural agents for their mitochondria-targeting ability and anticancer activities with minimal or no side effects. However, these natural agents have never been critically analyzed for their mitochondria-targeting activity. This review aims to evaluate the various natural agents affecting mitochondria and categorize them in different classes. Henceforth, our study may further support the potential mitocan behavior of various natural agents and highlight their significance in formulating novel potential anticancer therapeutics.
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Yoda H, Nakayama T, Miura M, Toriyama M, Motohashi S, Suzuki T. Vitamin K3 derivative induces apoptotic cell death in neuroblastoma via downregulation of MYCN expression. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 20:100701. [PMID: 31844686 PMCID: PMC6895568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric malignant tumor arising from the sympathetic nervous system. The patients with high-risk neuroblastomas frequently exhibit amplification and high expression of the MYCN gene, resulting in worse clinical outcomes. Vitamin K3 (VK3) is a synthetic VK-like compound that has been known to have antitumor activity against various types of cancers. In the present study, we have asked whether VK3 and its derivative, VK3-OH, could have the antitumor activity against neuroblastoma-derived cells. Based on our results, VK3-OH strongly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptotic cell death compared to VK3. Treatment of MYCN-driven neuroblastoma cells with VK3-OH potentiated tumor suppressor p53 accompanied by downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. Interestingly, VK3-OH also suppressed the MYCN at mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, we found downregulation of LIN28B following VK3-OH treatment in MYCN-amplified and overexpressed neuroblastoma cells. Collectively, our current findings strongly suggest that VK3-OH provides a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with MYCN-driven neuroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yoda
- Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Nakayama
- Center for Pharmacist Education, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Motofumi Miura
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Masaharu Toriyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Shigeyasu Motohashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Nihon University, 30-1 Oyaguchikami, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0032, Japan
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23
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Song DSS, Leong SW, Ng KW, Abas F, Shaari K, Leong CO, Chung FFL, Mai CW, Hii LW, Tan PJ, Patel V. Novel 2-Benzoyl-6-(2,3-Dimethoxybenzylidene)-Cyclohexenol Confers Selectivity toward Human MLH1 Defective Cancer Cells through Synthetic Lethality. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2019; 24:548-562. [PMID: 30897027 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219831405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency has been associated with a higher risk of developing colorectal, endometrial, and ovarian cancer, and confers resistance in conventional chemotherapy. In addition to the lack of treatment options that work efficaciously on these MMR-deficient cancer patients, there is a great need to discover new drug leads for this purpose. In this study, we screened through a library of commercial and semisynthetic natural compounds to identify potential synthetic lethal drugs that may selectively target MLH1 mutants using MLH1 isogenic colorectal cancer cell lines and various cancer cell lines with known MLH1 status. We identified a novel diarylpentanoid analogue, 2-benzoyl-6-(2,3-dimethoxybenzylidene)-cyclohexenol, coded as AS13, that demonstrated selective toxicity toward MLH1-deficient cancer cells. Subsequent analysis suggested AS13 induced elevated levels of oxidative stress, resulting in DNA damage where only the proficient MLH1 cells were able to be repaired and hence escaping cellular death. While AS13 is modest in potency and selectivity, this discovery has the potential to lead to further drug development that may offer better treatment options for cancer patients with MLH1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sze Wei Leong
- 2 Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kwok Wen Ng
- 1 Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- 2 Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- 3 Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- 2 Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- 4 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee Onn Leong
- 5 Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Malaysia
| | - Felicia Fei-Lei Chung
- 5 Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Malaysia
| | - Chun Wai Mai
- 5 Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Malaysia
- 6 School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Malaysia
| | - Ling Wei Hii
- 5 Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Malaysia
| | - Pei Jean Tan
- 1 Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Vyomesh Patel
- 1 Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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24
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Amiti, Tamizhselvi R, Manickam V. Menadione (vitamin K3) inhibits hydrogen sulfide and substance P via NF-кB pathway in caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis and associated lung injury in mice. Pancreatology 2019; 19:266-273. [PMID: 30685119 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to study the protective effect of menadione on caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) and associated lung injury and to explore the possible mechanism. METHODS Male Swiss mice randomized into control and different experimental groups. AP was induced in mice by six hourly intraperitoneal (i.p) injections of caerulein (50 μg/kg at 1 h interval). Menadione (10 mg/kg) was administered one hour (i.p, 10 mg/kg) after the first caerulein injection and control animals were given hourly intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of isotonic sodium chloride solution for 6 hours. RESULTS Administration of menadione attenuated the severity of AP and associated lung injury as shown by the histopathology, reduced MPO and serum amylase activity. Further, the anti-inflammatory effect of menadione was associated with a reduction of pancreatic and pulmonary proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Moreover, menadione inhibited caerulein-induced cystathionine-γ-lyase, preprotachykinin-A (PPTA) and neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) expression in pancreas and lungs. Also menadione further enhances the beneficial effect by reducing caerulein-induced nuclear factor (NF) -κB activation in both pancreas and lung. CONCLUSION The present findings show for the first time that in AP, menadione may exhibit an anti-inflammatory effect by down-regulating substance-P and H2S signaling via the NF-кB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiti
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Tamizhselvi
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatraman Manickam
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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25
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Olivas-Aguirre M, Pottosin I, Dobrovinskaya O. Mitochondria as emerging targets for therapies against T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:935-946. [PMID: 30698851 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5vmr0818-330rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) comprises a heterogeneous group of hematologic malignancies, arising from diverse genetic alterations in the early lymphocyte development. T-cell subtype of ALL (T-ALL) accounts for about 15% and 25% of ALL in children and adults, respectively. Being less frequent among ALL subtypes, T-ALL represents a high-risk factor for poor prognosis due to its aggressiveness and resistance to common antileukemic drugs. Mitochondria were widely explored recently as a target for anticancer treatment because they are involved in a metabolic reprogramming of a cancer cell and play key roles in reactive oxygen species generation, Ca2+ signaling, and cell death induction. Accordingly, a new class of anticancer compounds named mitocans has been developed, which target mitochondria at distinct crucial points to promote their dysfunction and subsequent cell death. The present review analyses the role of mitochondria in malignant reprogramming and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria as an "Achilles' heel" in T-ALL, with an emphasis on BH3 mimetics, sequestering pro-survival BCL proteins and voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC)1-directed drugs, which promote the suppression of aerobic glycolysis, VDAC1 closure, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, stoppage of the oxidative phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and release of proapoptotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Olivas-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Igor Pottosin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Oxana Dobrovinskaya
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
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26
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Hou XS, Wang HS, Mugaka BP, Yang GJ, Ding Y. Mitochondria: promising organelle targets for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2786-2797. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00673c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial-mediated tumor monitoring provides a new perspective on mitochondria-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shuang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Huai-Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Benson Peter Mugaka
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Gong-Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Ya Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
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Young MJ. Off-Target Effects of Drugs that Disrupt Human Mitochondrial DNA Maintenance. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:74. [PMID: 29214156 PMCID: PMC5702650 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) were the first drugs used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Development of severe mitochondrial toxicity has been well documented in patients infected with HIV and administered NRTIs. In vitro biochemical experiments have demonstrated that the replicative mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymerase gamma, Polg, is a sensitive target for inhibition by metabolically active forms of NRTIs, nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NtRTIs). Once incorporated into newly synthesized daughter strands NtRTIs block further DNA polymerization reactions. Human cell culture and animal studies have demonstrated that cell lines and mice exposed to NRTIs display mtDNA depletion. Further complicating NRTI off-target effects on mtDNA maintenance, two additional DNA polymerases, Pol beta and PrimPol, were recently reported to localize to mitochondria as well as the nucleus. Similar to Polg, in vitro work has demonstrated both Pol beta and PrimPol incorporate NtRTIs into nascent DNA. Cell culture and biochemical experiments have also demonstrated that antiviral ribonucleoside drugs developed to treat hepatitis C infection act as off-target substrates for POLRMT, the mitochondrial RNA polymerase and primase. Accompanying the above-mentioned topics, this review examines: (1) mtDNA maintenance in human health and disease, (2) reports of DNA polymerases theta and zeta (Rev3) localizing to mitochondria, and (3) additional drugs with off-target effects on mitochondrial function. Lastly, mtDNA damage may induce cell death; therefore, the possibility of utilizing compounds that disrupt mtDNA maintenance to kill cancer cells is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Young
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, United States
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Abstract
Mitochondrial structural and functional integrity defines the health of a cell by regulating cellular metabolism. Thus, mitochondria play an important role in both cell proliferation and cell death. Cancer cells are metabolically altered compared to normal cells for their ability to survive better and proliferate faster. Resistance to apoptosis is an important characteristic of cancer cells and given the contribution of mitochondria to apoptosis, it is imperative that mitochondria could behave differently in a tumor situation. The other feature associated with cancer cells is the Warburg effect, which engages a shift in metabolism. Although the Warburg effect often occurs in conjunction with dysfunctional mitochondria, the relationship between mitochondria, the Warburg effect, and cancer cell metabolism is not clearly decoded. Other than these changes, several mitochondrial gene mutations occur in cancer cells, mitochondrial biogenesis is affected and mitochondria see structural and functional variations. In cancer pharmacology, targeting mitochondria and mitochondria associated signaling pathways to reduce tumor proliferation is a growing field of interest. This chapter summarizes various changes in mitochondria in relevance to cancer, behavior of mitochondria during tumorigenesis, and the progress on using mitochondria as a therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubha Gururaja Rao
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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Nakayama M, Sasaki R, Ogino C, Tanaka T, Morita K, Umetsu M, Ohara S, Tan Z, Nishimura Y, Akasaka H, Sato K, Numako C, Takami S, Kondo A. Titanium peroxide nanoparticles enhanced cytotoxic effects of X-ray irradiation against pancreatic cancer model through reactive oxygen species generation in vitro and in vivo. Radiat Oncol 2016; 11:91. [PMID: 27386977 PMCID: PMC4936232 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-016-0666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biological applications of nanoparticles are rapidly increasing, which introduces new possibilities to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy. Here, we synthesized titanium peroxide nanoparticles (TiOxNPs) and investigated their efficacy as novel agents that can potently enhance the effects of radiation in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Methods TiOxNPs and polyacrylic acid-modified TiOxNPs (PAA-TiOxNPs) were synthesized from anatase-type titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs). The size and morphology of the PAA-TiOxNPs was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The crystalline structures of the TiO2NPs and PAA-TiOxNPs with and without X-ray irradiation were analyzed using X-ray absorption. The ability of TiOxNPs and PAA-TiOxNPs to produce reactive oxygen species in response to X-ray irradiation was evaluated in a cell-free system and confirmed by flow cytometric analysis in vitro. DNA damage after X-ray exposure with or without PAA-TiOxNPs was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis of γ-H2AX foci formation in vitro and in vivo. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by a colony forming assay in vitro. Xenografts were prepared using human pancreatic cancer MIAPaCa-2 cells and used to evaluate the inhibition of tumor growth caused by X-ray exposure, PAA-TiOxNPs, and the combination of the two. Results The core structures of the PAA-TiOxNPs were found to be of the anatase type. The TiOxNPs and PAA-TiOxNPs showed a distinct ability to produce hydroxyl radicals in response to X-ray irradiation in a dose- and concentration-dependent manner, whereas the TiO2NPs did not. At the highest concentration of TiOxNPs, the amount of hydroxyl radicals increased by >8.5-fold following treatment with 30 Gy of radiation. The absorption of PAA-TiOxNPs enhanced DNA damage and resulted in higher cytotoxicity in response to X-ray irradiation in vitro. The combination of the PAA-TiOxNPs and X-ray irradiation induced significantly stronger tumor growth inhibition compared to treatment with either PAA-TiOxNPs or X-ray alone (p < 0.05). No apparent toxicity or weight loss was observed for 43 days after irradiation. Conclusions TiOxNPs are potential agents for enhancing the effects of radiation on pancreatic cancer and act via hydroxyl radical production; owing to this ability, they can be used for pancreatic cancer therapy in the future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13014-016-0666-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Nakayama
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuouku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sasaki
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuouku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkoudaicho, Nadaku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkoudaicho, Nadaku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kenta Morita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkoudaicho, Nadaku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Umetsu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6 Aramaki, Aza, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ohara
- Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, 11-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Zhenquan Tan
- Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, 11-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishimura
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkoudaicho, Nadaku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Akasaka
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuouku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Sato
- Division of Environmental Engineering Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjincho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Chiya Numako
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Seiichi Takami
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkoudaicho, Nadaku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
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Ling F, Niu R, Hatakeyama H, Goto YI, Shibata T, Yoshida M. Reactive oxygen species stimulate mitochondrial allele segregation toward homoplasmy in human cells. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:1684-93. [PMID: 27009201 PMCID: PMC4865324 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-10-0690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of heteroplasmic m.3243A > G primary fibroblast cells derived from a patient with the mitochondrial disease MELAS shows that ROS trigger vegetative segregation of heteroplasmy toward wild-type and mutant mitochondrial DNA homoplasmy via the formation of linear head-to-tail multimers (concatemers). Mitochondria that contain a mixture of mutant and wild-type mitochondrial (mt) DNA copies are heteroplasmic. In humans, homoplasmy is restored during early oogenesis and reprogramming of somatic cells, but the mechanism of mt-allele segregation remains unknown. In budding yeast, homoplasmy is restored by head-to-tail concatemer formation in mother cells by reactive oxygen species (ROS)–induced rolling-circle replication and selective transmission of concatemers to daughter cells, but this mechanism is not obvious in higher eukaryotes. Here, using heteroplasmic m.3243A > G primary fibroblast cells derived from MELAS patients treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), we show that an optimal ROS level promotes mt-allele segregation toward wild-type and mutant mtDNA homoplasmy. Enhanced ROS level reduced the amount of intact mtDNA replication templates but increased linear tandem multimers linked by head-to-tail unit-sized mtDNA (mtDNA concatemers). ROS-triggered mt-allele segregation correlated with mtDNA-concatemer production and enabled transmission of multiple identical mt-genome copies as a single unit. Our results support a mechanism by which mt-allele segregation toward mt-homoplasmy is mediated by concatemers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ling
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Tokyo 100-0004 Japan
| | - Rong Niu
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Tokyo 100-0004 Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hatakeyama
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Tokyo 100-0004 Japan Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichi Goto
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Tokyo 100-0004 Japan Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Takehiko Shibata
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Tokyo 100-0004 Japan Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Tokyo 100-0004 Japan
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Yan B, Dong L, Neuzil J. Mitochondria: An intriguing target for killing tumour-initiating cells. Mitochondrion 2016; 26:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Yamada A, Osada S, Tanahashi T, Matsui S, Sasaki Y, Tanaka Y, Okumura N, Matsuhashi N, Takahashi T, Yamaguchi K, Yoshida K. Novel therapy for locally advanced triple-negative breast cancer. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1266-72. [PMID: 26252842 PMCID: PMC4583525 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate a novel therapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the biological responses to vitamin K3 (VK3) should be considered with the understanding of the features of breast cancer. In human breast cancer cell lines, the effects of VK3 on cell growth inhibition and the cellular signaling pathway were determined by MTT assay and western blotting. In the in vivo study, a subcutaneous tumor model of breast cancer was created, VK3 was injected into the subcutaneous tumors, and tumor size was measured. The IC50 of VK3 for breast cancer cells was calculated to be 11.3–25.1 μM. VK3 induced phosphorylation of whole tyrosine and epidermal growth factor receptor. VK3 mediated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) for 30 min. ERK but not JNK phosphorylation was maintained for at least 6 h. In contrast, another antioxidant agent, catalase, showed no effect on either ERK phosphorylation or growth inhibition. On built-up tumors under the skin of mice, local treatment with VK3 was effective in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and the experiments for total tumor volume also showed a dose-dependent effect of VK3. The expression of phosphorylated ERK was clearly detected at 10.9 times the control in tumor tissue, whereas ethanol itself showed no effect. In conclusion, ERK plays a critical role in VK3-induced growth inhibition, and it will be the focus of next steps in the development of molecular therapy for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Yamada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinji Osada
- Multidisciplinary Therapy for Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Cancer, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Tanahashi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsui
- Multidisciplinary Therapy for Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Cancer, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Naoki Okumura
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Matsuhashi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takao Takahashi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamaguchi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Onodera T, Kuriyama I, Sakamoto Y, Kawamura M, Kuramochi K, Tsubaki K, Tabata A, Naganune H, Mizushina Y. 5-O-Acyl plumbagins inhibit DNA polymerase activity and suppress the inflammatory response. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 573:100-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Truksa J, Dong LF, Rohlena J, Stursa J, Vondrusova M, Goodwin J, Nguyen M, Kluckova K, Rychtarcikova Z, Lettlova S, Spacilova J, Stapelberg M, Zoratti M, Neuzil J. Mitochondrially targeted vitamin E succinate modulates expression of mitochondrial DNA transcripts and mitochondrial biogenesis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:883-900. [PMID: 25578105 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the effect of mitochondrially targeted vitamin E (VE) analogs on mitochondrial function and biogenesis. RESULTS Mitochondrially targeted vitamin E succinate (MitoVES) is an efficient inducer of apoptosis in cancer cells. Here, we show that unlike its untargeted counterpart α-tocopheryl succinate, MitoVES suppresses proliferation of cancer cells at sub-apoptotic doses by way of affecting the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transcripts. We found that MitoVES strongly suppresses the level of the displacement loop transcript followed by those of mtDNA genes coding for subunits of mitochondrial complexes. This process is coupled to the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and generation of reactive oxygen species. In addition, exposure of cancer cells to MitoVES led to decreased expression of TFAM and diminished mitochondrial biogenesis. The inhibition of mitochondrial transcription was replicated in vivo in a mouse model of HER2(high) breast cancer, where MitoVES lowered the level of mtDNA transcripts in cancer cells but not in normal tissue. INNOVATION Our data show that mitochondrially targeted VE analogs represent a novel class of mitocans that not only induce apoptosis at higher concentrations but also block proliferation and suppress normal mitochondrial function and transcription at low, non-apoptogenic doses. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate a novel, selective anti-cancer activity of compounds that act by targeting mitochondria of cancer cells, inducing significant alterations in mitochondrial function associated with transcription of mtDNA-coded genes. These changes subsequently result in the arrest of cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Truksa
- 1 Molecular Therapy Group, Institute of Biotechnology , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Oztopcu-Vatan P, Sayitoglu M, Gunindi M, Inan E. Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of menadione on rat hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cytotechnology 2014; 67:1003-9. [PMID: 24828824 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers, which may lead to death. Menadione shows cytotoxic activity thought affecting redox cycling in cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of menadione on rat hepatocellular carcinoma (H4IIE) cell morphology, cytotoxicity, apoptosis and DNA damage or repair in vitro. Cell morphology evaluated by microscopy and cell viability was determined using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test. Apoptotic cell death was assessed in H4IIE cells treated with menadione by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction used to determine the expression level of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) gene. According to the results of this study menadione has got a cytotoxic activity (IC50 25 µM) and change the cell fate in H4IIE cells. Menadione treatments lead to PARP1 activation in a dose dependent manner and induce DNA damage and apoptosis, and this may suggest its use as a therapeutic agent in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Oztopcu-Vatan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Muge Sayitoglu
- Genetics Department, Institute for Experimental Medicine Research, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melek Gunindi
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Emine Inan
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Anti-tumor effects of novel 5-O-acyl plumbagins based on the inhibition of mammalian DNA replicative polymerase activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88736. [PMID: 24520419 PMCID: PMC3919815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously found that vitamin K3 (menadione, 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) inhibits the activity of human mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ (pol γ). In this study, we focused on plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone), and chemically synthesized novel plumbagins conjugated with C2:0 to C22:6 fatty acids (5-O-acyl plumbagins). These chemically modified plumbagins enhanced mammalian pol inhibition and their cytotoxic activity. Plumbagin conjugated with chains consisting of more than C18-unsaturated fatty acids strongly inhibited the activities of calf pol α and human pol γ. Plumbagin conjugated with oleic acid (C18:1-acyl plumbagin) showed the strongest suppression of human colon carcinoma (HCT116) cell proliferation among the ten synthesized 5-O-acyl plumbagins. The inhibitory activity on pol α, a DNA replicative pol, by these compounds showed high correlation with their cancer cell proliferation suppressive activity. C18:1-Acyl plumbagin selectively inhibited the activities of mammalian pol species, but did not influence the activities of other pols and DNA metabolic enzymes tested. This compound inhibited the proliferation of various human cancer cell lines, and was the cytotoxic inhibitor showing strongest inhibition towards HT-29 colon cancer cells (LD50 = 2.9 µM) among the nine cell lines tested. In an in vivo anti-tumor assay conducted on nude mice bearing solid tumors of HT-29 cells, C18:1-acyl plumbagin was shown to be a promising tumor suppressor. These data indicate that novel 5-O-acyl plumbagins act as anti-cancer agents based on mammalian DNA replicative pol α inhibition. Moreover, the results suggest that acylation of plumbagin is an effective chemical modification to improve the anti-cancer activity of vitamin K3 derivatives, such as plumbagin.
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Mizushina Y, Nishiumi S, Nishida M, Yoshida H, Azuma T, Yoshida M. Inhibition of repair-related DNA polymerases by vitamin Ks, their related quinone derivatives and associated inflammatory activity (Review). Int J Oncol 2013; 42:793-802. [PMID: 23338798 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin Ks (VKs) are fat-soluble quinone compounds known to have various bioactivities. This review describes the inflammatory effects of VKs and their related quinone derivatives based on DNA polymerase (pol) inhibition. VK3, but not VK1 or VK2 (=MK-4), inhibited the activity of human pol γ, which is the DNA replicative pol in mitochondria. Of the intermediate compounds between VK2 and VK3 (namely MK-3, MK-2 and MK-1), MK-2 was the strongest inhibitor of mammalian pols α, κ and λ, which belong to the B-, Y- and X-families of pols, respectively. Among the VK3 based quinone derivatives, such as 1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ), 2-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (1,2-dimethyl-NQ), 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ), 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) and 5,12-naphthacenequinone (NCQ), NQ was the strongest inhibitor of mammalian pols α and λ, in particular, DNA repair-related pol λ. Among the all compounds tested, NQ displayed the strongest suppression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a cell culture system using RAW264.7 mouse macrophages. NQ also suppressed the expression of pol λ protein in these cells, after LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells were stimulated to induce pol λ expression. In an in vivo mouse model of LPS-evoked acute inflammation, intraperitoneal injection of NQ into mice suppressed TNF-α production in peritoneal macrophages and serum. In an in vivo colitis mouse model induced using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), NQ markedly suppressed DSS-evoked colitis. The promising anti-inflammatory candidates based on the inhibition of DNA repair-related pols, such as pol λ, by VKs quinone derivatives, such as NQ, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Mizushina
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Science, Kobe-Gakuin University, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan.
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Huy PDQ, Yu YC, Ngo ST, Thao TV, Chen CP, Li MS, Chen YC. In silico and in vitro characterization of anti-amyloidogenic activity of vitamin K3 analogues for Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:2960-9. [PMID: 23295971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) has been proposed as the main cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Vitamin K deficiency has been linked to the pathogenesis of AD. Therefore, 15 synthesized vitamin K3 (VK3) analogues were studied for their anti-amyloidogenic activity. METHODS Biological and spectroscopic assays were used to characterize the effect of VK3 analogues on amyloidogenic properties of Aβ, such as aggregation, free radical formation, and cell viability. Molecular dynamics simulation was used to calculate the binding affinity and mode of VK3 analogue binding to Aβ. RESULTS Both numerical and experimental results showed that several VK3 analogues, including VK3-6, VK3-8, VK3-9, VK3-10, and VK3-224 could effectively inhibit Aβ aggregation and conformational conversion. The calculated inhibition constants were in the μM range for VK3-10, VK3-6, and VK3-9 which was similar to the IC50 of curcumin. Cell viability assays indicated that VK3-9 could effectively reduce free radicals and had a protective effect on cytotoxicity induced by Aβ. CONCLUSIONS The results clearly demonstrated that VK3 analogues could effectively inhibit Aβ aggregation and protect cells against Aβ induced toxicity. Modified VK3 analogues can possibly be developed as effective anti-amyloidogenic drugs for the treatment of AD. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE VK3 analogues effectively inhibit Aβ aggregation and are highly potent as anti-amyloidogenic drugs for therapeutic treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Dinh Quoc Huy
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology, 6 Quarter, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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Tomasetti M, Nocchi L, Neuzil J, Goodwin J, Nguyen M, Dong L, Manzella N, Staffolani S, Milanese C, Garrone B, Alleva R, Borghi B, Santarelli L, Guerrieri R. Alpha-tocopheryl succinate inhibits autophagic survival of prostate cancer cells induced by vitamin K3 and ascorbate to trigger cell death. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52263. [PMID: 23272231 PMCID: PMC3525640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The redox-silent vitamin E analog α-tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS) was found to synergistically cooperate with vitamin K3 (VK3) plus ascorbic acid (AA) in the induction of cancer cell-selective apoptosis via a caspase-independent pathway. Here we investigated the molecular mechanism(s) underlying cell death induced in prostate cancer cells by α-TOS, VK3 and AA, and the potential use of targeted drug combination in the treatment of prostate cancer. Methodology/Principal Findings The generation of ROS, cellular response to oxidative stress, and autophagy were investigated in PC3 prostate cancer cells by using drugs at sub-toxic doses. We evaluated whether PARP1-mediated apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) release plays a role in apoptosis induced by the combination of the agents. Next, the effect of the combination of α-TOS, VK3 and AA on tumor growth was examined in nude mice. VK3 plus AA induced early ROS formation associated with induction of autophagy in response to oxidative stress, which was reduced by α-TOS, preventing the formation of autophagosomes. α-TOS induced mitochondrial destabilization leading to the release of AIF. Translocation of AIF from mitochondria to the nucleus, a result of the combinatorial treatment, was mediated by PARP1 activation. The inhibition of AIF as well as of PARP1 efficiently attenuated apoptosis triggered by the drug combination. Using a mouse model of prostate cancer, the combination of α-TOS, VK3 and AA was more efficient in tumor suppression than when the drugs were given separately, without deleterious side effects. Conclusions/Significance α-TOS, a mitochondria-targeting apoptotic agent, switches at sub-apoptotic doses from autophagy-dependent survival of cancer cells to their demise by promoting the induction of apoptosis. Given the grim prognosis for cancer patients, this finding is of potential clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tomasetti
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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Neuzil J, Dong LF, Rohlena J, Truksa J, Ralph SJ. Classification of mitocans, anti-cancer drugs acting on mitochondria. Mitochondrion 2012; 13:199-208. [PMID: 22846431 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2012.07.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have emerged as an intriguing target for anti-cancer drugs, inherent to vast majority if not all types of tumours. Drugs that target mitochondria and exert anti-cancer activity have become a focus of recent research due to their great clinical potential (which has not been harnessed thus far). The exceptional potential of mitochondria as a target for anti-cancer agents has been reinforced by the discouraging finding that even tumours of the same type from individual patients differ in a number of mutations. This is consistent with the idea of personalised therapy, an elusive goal at this stage, in line with the notion that tumours are unlikely to be treated by agents that target only a single gene or a single pathway. This endows mitochondria, an invariant target present in all tumours, with an exceptional momentum. This train of thoughts inspired us to define a class of anti-cancer drugs acting by way of mitochondrial 'destabilisation', termed 'mitocans'. In this communication, we define mitocans (many of which have been known for a long time) and classify them into several classes based on their molecular mode of action. We chose the targets that are of major importance from the point of view of their role in mitochondrial destabilisation by small compounds, some of which are now trialled as anti-cancer agents. The classification starts with targets at the surface of mitochondria and ending up with those in the mitochondrial matrix. The purpose of this review is to present in a concise manner the classification of compounds that hold a considerable promise as potential anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Neuzil
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, Australia.
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Mitocans, Mitochondria-Targeting Anticancer Drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1201/b12308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Abstract
Mitochondria are ubiquitous organelles in eukaryotic cells principally responsible for regulating cellular energy metabolism, free radical production, and the execution of apoptotic pathways. Abnormal oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and aerobic metabolism as a result of mitochondrial dysfunction have long been hypothesized to be involved in tumorigenesis. In the past decades, numerous somatic mutations in both the coding and control regions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been extensively examined in a broad range of primary human cancers, underscoring that accumulation of mtDNA alterations may be a critical factor in eliciting persistent mitochondrial defects and consequently contributing to cancer initiation and progression. However, the roles of these mtDNA mutations in the carcinogenic process remain largely unknown. This review outlines a wide variety of somatic mtDNA mutations identified in common human malignancies and highlights recent advances in understanding the causal roles of mtDNA variations in neoplastic transformation and tumor progression. In addition, it briefly illustrates how mtDNA alterations activate mitochondria-to-nucleus retrograde signaling so as to modulate the expression of relevant nuclear genes or induce epigenetic changes and promote malignant phenotypes in cancer cells. The present state of our knowledge regarding how mutational changes in the mitochondrial genome could be used as a diagnostic biomarker for early detection of cancer and as a potential target in the development of new therapeutic approaches is also discussed. These findings strongly indicate that mtDNA mutations exert a crucial role in the pathogenic mechanisms of tumor development, but continued investigations are definitely required to further elucidate the functional significance of specific mtDNA mutations in the etiology of human cancers.
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Rohlena J, Dong LF, Ralph SJ, Neuzil J. Anticancer drugs targeting the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:2951-74. [PMID: 21777145 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.3990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondria are emerging as highly intriguing organelles showing promise but that are yet to be fully exploited as targets for anticancer drugs. RECENT ADVANCES A group of compounds that induce mitochondrial destabilization, thereby affecting the physiology of cancer cells, has been defined and termed 'mitocans.' Based on their mode of action of targeting in and around mitochondria, we have placed these agents into several groups including hexokinase inhibitors, compounds targeting Bcl-2 family proteins, thiol redox inhibitors, VDAC/ANT targeting drugs, electron transport chain-targeting drugs, lipophilic cations targeting the inner membrane, agents affecting the tricarboxylic acid cycle, drugs targeting mtDNA, and agents targeting other presently unknown sites. CRITICAL ISSUES Mitocans have a potential to prove highly efficient in suppressing various malignant diseases in a selective manner. They include compounds that are currently in clinical trial and offer substantial promise to become clinically applied drugs. Here we update and redefine the individual classes of mitocans, providing examples of the various members of these groups with a particular focus on agents targeting the electron transport chain, and indicate their potential application in clinical practice. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Even though reactive oxygen species induction is important for the anticancer activity of many mitocans, the precise sequence of events preceding and following this pivotal event are not yet fully clarified, and warrant further investigation. This is imperative for effective deployment of these compounds in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Rohlena
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Maruo S, Kuriyama I, Kuramochi K, Tsubaki K, Yoshida H, Mizushina Y. Inhibitory effect of novel 5-O-acyl juglones on mammalian DNA polymerase activity, cancer cell growth and inflammatory response. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:5803-12. [PMID: 21903399 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We previously found that vitamin K(3) (menadione, 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) inhibits the activity of human mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ (pol γ). In this study, we focused on juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), which is a 1,4-naphthoquinone derivative, and chemically synthesized novel juglones conjugated with C2:0 to C22:6 fatty acid (5-O-acyl juglones). The chemically modified juglones enhanced mammalian pol inhibition and their cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities. The juglone conjugated with oleic acid (C18:1-acyl juglone) showed the strongest inhibition of DNA replicative pol α activity and human colon carcinoma (HCT116) cell growth in 10 synthesized 5-O-acyl juglones. C12:0-Acyl juglone was the strongest inhibitor of DNA repair-related pol λ, as well as the strongest suppression of the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the compounds tested. Moreover, this compound caused the greatest reduction in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced acute inflammation in mouse ears. C12:0- and C18:1-Acyl juglones selectively inhibited the activities of mammalian pol species, but did not influence the activities of other pols and DNA metabolic enzymes tested. These data indicate that the novel 5-O-acyl juglones target anti-cancer and/or anti-inflammatory agents based on mammalian pol inhibition. Moreover, the results suggest that acylation of juglone is an effective chemical modification to improve the anti-cancer and anti-inflammation of vitamin K(3) derivatives, such as juglone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayako Maruo
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
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Tanahashi T, Osada S, Imai H, Sasaki Y, Takahashi T, Yamaguchi K, Yoshida K. Signal transduction of vitamin K3 for pancreas cancer therapy. Oncol Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12156-010-0068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Effects of intermediates between vitamins K(2) and K(3) on mammalian DNA polymerase inhibition and anti-inflammatory activity. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:1115-32. [PMID: 21541047 PMCID: PMC3083694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12021115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that vitamin K3 (VK3), but not VK1 or VK2 (=MK-4), inhibits the activity of human DNA polymerase γ (pol γ). In this study, we chemically synthesized three intermediate compounds between VK2 and VK3, namely MK-3, MK-2 and MK-1, and investigated the inhibitory effects of all five compounds on the activity of mammalian pols. Among these compounds, MK-2 was the strongest inhibitor of mammalian pols α, κ and λ, which belong to the B, Y and X families of pols, respectively; whereas VK3 was the strongest inhibitor of human pol γ, an A-family pol. MK-2 potently inhibited the activity of all animal species of pol tested, and its inhibitory effect on pol λ activity was the strongest with an IC50 value of 24.6 μM. However, MK-2 did not affect the activity of plant or prokaryotic pols, or that of other DNA metabolic enzymes such as primase of pol α, RNA polymerase, polynucleotide kinase or deoxyribonuclease I. Because we previously found a positive relationship between pol λ inhibition and anti-inflammatory action, we examined whether these compounds could inhibit inflammatory responses. Among the five compounds tested, MK-2 caused the greatest reduction in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced acute inflammation in mouse ear. In addition, in a cell culture system using mouse macrophages, MK-2 displayed the strongest suppression of the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, MK-2 was found to inhibit the action of nuclear factor (NF)-κB. In an in vivo mouse model of LPS-evoked acute inflammation, intraperitoneal injection of MK-2 in mice led to suppression of TNF-α production in serum. In conclusion, this study has identified VK2 and VK3 intermediates, such as MK-2, that are promising anti-inflammatory candidates.
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Chen G, Wang F, Trachootham D, Huang P. Preferential killing of cancer cells with mitochondrial dysfunction by natural compounds. Mitochondrion 2010; 10:614-25. [PMID: 20713185 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play essential roles in cellular metabolism, redox homeostasis, and regulation of cell death. Emerging evidences suggest that cancer cells exhibit various degrees of mitochondrial dysfunctions and metabolic alterations, which may serve as a basis to develop therapeutic strategies to preferentially kill the malignant cells. Mitochondria as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment is gaining much attention in the recent years, and agents that impact mitochondria with anticancer activity have been identified and tested in vitro and in vivo using various experimental systems. Anticancer agents that directly target mitochondria or indirectly affect mitochondrial functions are collectively classified as mitocans. This review article focuses on several natural compounds that preferentially kill cancer cells with mitochondrial dysfunction, and discusses the possible underlying mechanisms and their therapeutic implications in cancer treatment. Mitocans that have been comprehensively reviewed recently are not included in this article. Important issues such as therapeutic selectivity and the relevant biochemical basis are discussed in the context of future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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Kaipparettu BA, Ma Y, Wong LJC. Functional effects of cancer mitochondria on energy metabolism and tumorigenesis: utility of transmitochondrial cybrids. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1201:137-46. [PMID: 20649550 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Pankiller effect of prolonged exposure to menadione on glioma cells: potentiation by vitamin C. Invest New Drugs 2010; 29:1314-20. [PMID: 20625795 PMCID: PMC3171656 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Menadione (Vitamin K3) has anti-tumoral effects against a wide range of cancer cells. Its potential toxicity to normal cells and narrow therapeutic range limit its use as single agent but in combination with radiation or other anti-neoplastic agents can be of therapeutic use. In this paper, we first evaluated the early (within 3 h) effect of menadione on ongoing DNA replication. In normal rat cerebral cortex mini-units menadione showed an age dependent anti-proliferative effect. In tissue mini-units prepared from newborn rats, menadione inhibited ongoing DNA replication with an IC 50 of approximately 10 μM but 50 μM had no effect on mini-units from prepared adult rat tissue. The effect of short (72 h) and prolonged exposure (1–2 weeks) to menadione alone in the DBTRG.05MG human glioma cells line and in combination with vitamin C was studied. After short period of exposure data show that menadione alone or in combination with vitamin C provided similar concentration-response curves (and IC50 values). Prolonged exposure to these drugs was evaluated by their ability to kill 100% of glioma cells and prevent regrowth when cells are re-incubated in drug-free media. In this long-term assay, menadione:vitamin C at a ratio 1:100 showed higher anti-proliferative activity when compared to each drug alone and allowed to reduce each drug concentration between 2.5 to 5-fold. Similar anti-proliferative effect was demonstrated in 8 patient derived glioblastoma cell cultures. Our data should be able to encourage further advanced studies on animal models to evaluate the potential use of this combination therapy for glioma treatment.
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