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Hu JC, Ding YQ, Pang HY, Yu CQ, Sun DJY, Pei P, Du HD, Chen JS, Chen ZM, Zhu L, Lyu J, Li LM. [Prevalence of urinary incontinence in middle-aged and elderly adults in 10 areas in China]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2024; 45:11-18. [PMID: 38228519 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230910-00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To describe the population and area distribution differences in the prevalence of urinary incontinence in middle-aged and elderly adults in 10 areas in China. Methods: A total of 24 913 participants aged 45-95 years who completed the third resurvey of China Kadoorie Biobank during 2020-2021 were included. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was assessed by an interviewer-administered questionnaire, and urinary incontinence was classified as only stress urinary incontinence, only urgency urinary incontinence and mixed urinary incontinence. The prevalence of urinary incontinence and its subtypes were reported by sex, age and area, and the severity of urinary incontinence and treatment were described. Results: The average age of the participants was (65.4±9.1) years. According to the seventh national census data in 2020, the age-standardized prevalence rates of urinary incontinence was 25.4% in women and 7.0% in men. The age-standardized prevalence rates of only stress, only urgency and mixed incontinence were 1.7%, 4.2% and 1.2% in men and 13.5%, 5.8% and 6.1% in women, respectively. The prevalence rates of urinary incontinence and all subtypes in men and the prevalence of urinary incontinence and all subtypes except only stress urinary incontinence in women all increased with age (P<0.001). After adjusting for age, the prevalence of urinary incontinence in both men and women were higher in rural area than in urban area (P<0.001). The treatment rates in men and women with urinary incontinence were 15.4% and 8.5%, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of urinary incontinence was high in middle-aged and elderly adults in China, and the prevalence rate was higher in women than in men, but the treatment rate of urinary incontinence was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y Q Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - H Y Pang
- Medical Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - C Q Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing 100191, China
| | - D J Y Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing 100191, China
| | - P Pei
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing 100191, China
| | - H D Du
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
| | - J S Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Z M Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
| | - L Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - J Lyu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing 100191, China
| | - L M Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing 100191, China
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Diven M, Dillard A, Khani F, Wolfe S, Davicioni E, Hakansson A, Liu S, McClure TD, Hu JC, Scherr DS, Barbieri CE, Nagar H, Marciscano AE. Longitudinal Profiling of Tumor RNA Expression Signatures Reveal Key Biological Features Associated with Response to Neoadjuvant Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in High-Risk Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e249. [PMID: 37784972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a safe and effective treatment for localized prostate cancer (PCa). PREPARE-SBRT is a clinical trial testing the safety of neoadjuvant MRI-guided SBRT for men with high-risk localized PCa. We leveraged paired samples from pre-treatment biopsy and irradiated prostatectomy (RP) specimens to evaluate transcriptomic changes in irradiated tumors at acute time points following neoadjuvant SBRT. MATERIALS/METHODS Tumor RNA expression profiles were generated using Decipher GRID by Veracyte on 12 subjects with paired pre- and post-SBRT tissues (n = 24). Descriptive statistics using gene expression profiles describing key biological features [DNA damage & repair (DDR), tumor proliferation, suppressed immune, activated immune, tumor microenvironment (TME)] and an exploratory analysis of RT sensitivity score with binary classification as sensitive or resistant were reported. A control cohort of transcriptomic profiles of 803 matched untreated biopsy and matching RP samples from the same subjects were used to control for signature differences attributable to sample type. RESULTS Key tumor biology signatures most frequently observed were DDR (15/24), TME (11/24) and tumor proliferation (11/24). Signatures associated with tumor proliferation were disproportionately represented in pre-treatment samples (10/11) whereas TME-associated signatures were enriched predominantly in irradiated RP samples (8/11). Collectively, immune-related immune signatures skewed towards immune activation. All 3 samples annotated with suppressed immune signatures were from pre-treatment specimens whereas 75% (6/8) of samples annotated with activated immune status were from irradiated specimens. Additionally, conversion from suppressed to activated immune status was observed in 2 of 3 subjects (66%). In total, 42% of specimens (10/24) were designated as radio-resistant by RT sensitivity score. Among 8 baseline specimens annotated with RT resistant status, 75% of subjects (6/8) converted to RT sensitive status after neoadjuvant SBRT. Interestingly, in the two subjects with persistent radio-resistant status in pre- and post-samples there was associated with upregulation of TGF-β or PI3K-AKT pathway activation signatures. CONCLUSION Pre- and post-SBRT transcriptomic signatures were heterogeneous and dynamic in a cohort of 12 patients with high-risk localized PCa highlighting the importance of studying longitudinal changes in individual patients. These data highlight an opportunity to leverage tumor RNA expression profiles to personalize patient and treatment selection and augment radiation response assessment. CLINICAL TRIALS gov ID (NCT03663218).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Diven
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
| | - A Dillard
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - F Khani
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - S Wolfe
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | | | - S Liu
- GenomeDx, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - T D McClure
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - J C Hu
- NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - D S Scherr
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - C E Barbieri
- Department of Urology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - H Nagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Hospital, New York, NY
| | - A E Marciscano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital / Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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Diven M, Marciscano AE, Zhou XK, Wolfe S, Kishan AU, Steinberg ML, Camilleri P, Nauseef J, Molina A, Sternberg C, Nanus D, Tagawa ST, Margolis D, Osborne JR, McClure TD, Hu JC, Scherr DS, Barbieri CE, Nagar H. Randomized Trial of Five or Two MRI-guided Adaptive Radiotherapy Treatments for Prostate Cancer (FORT). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e378. [PMID: 37785281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The objective of this randomized clinical trial is to demonstrate that 2 treatments of real-time MRI-guided radiotherapy (RT) does not significantly increase patient-reported GI and GU symptoms compared to 5 treatments of RT 2 years after treatment completion (24 months). MATERIALS/METHODS Key Eligibility Criteria: Inclusion Criteria 1. Men aged > 18 with histologically confirmed low or intermediate risk prostate cancer per NCCN guidelines. 2. ECOG 0 - 1 3. IPSS < 18 4. Ability to receive MRI-guided radiotherapy. 5. Ability to complete the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) questionnaire. Exclusion Criteria 1. Prior history of receiving pelvic RT. 2. Patient with history of IBD. 3. Hip replacements. 4. History of bladder neck or urethral stricture. 5. TURP < 8 weeks prior to RT 6. Metastatic (pelvic nodal or distant) disease on CT, Bone, and/or PSMA PET scan. Study Design/Endpoints: This is a randomized phase II non-inferiority trial comparing 2 fractions of ultrahypofractionated RT (25 Gy total with optional PSMA/MRI boost to 28 Gy) versus 5 fractions of ultra-hypofractionated RT (37.5 Gy total with optional PSMA/MRI boost to 45 Gy) in the definitive setting for prostate cancer. Subjects will be stratified based on pre-specified stratification factors and randomized 1:1 to receive 2 or 5 fractions using permuted block randomization. The primary endpoint is the change in patient-reported GI and GU symptoms as measured by EPIC at 2 years from end of treatment. Secondary endpoints will include both the safety endpoints including change in GI and GU symptoms at 3, 6, 12 and 60 months from end of treatment, and multiple efficacy endpoints including time to progression, prostate cancer specific survival and overall survival. SAMPLE SIZE The sample size is calculated based on a non-inferiority design. The non-inferiority margins are set to be a change score of 6 points for the GI symptoms and 5 points for the GU symptoms. The standard deviations of the change scores are assumed to be 13.2 for the GI symptoms and 10.5 for the GU symptoms based on estimates generated in RTOG 0415 trial. This level of change in scores are deemed as clinically meaningful. For example, 6 points of change score for GI symptoms corresponds to two symptoms worsening by 1 level (i.e., loose stools and frequency of bowel movements change from "no problem" to "very small problem") or one of the symptoms worsening by 2 levels (i.e., loose stool change from "no problem" to "small problem"). A sample size of 122 with 61 in each arm will ensure 80% power for GI endpoint and 83% power for GU endpoint to detect non-inferiority using a one-sided two-sample t-test at the significance level of 0.05. Adjusting for a projected 10% EPIC/non-compliance rate, 136 patients (68 per arm) will be randomized. Stratification Factors: Patients will be stratified according to baseline EPIC bowel and urinary domain scores and country of treatment. Enrollment: Twenty patients. RESULTS To be determined. CONCLUSION To be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Diven
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
| | - A E Marciscano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital / Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - X K Zhou
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - S Wolfe
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - A U Kishan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - M L Steinberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - P Camilleri
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - J Nauseef
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - A Molina
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - D Nanus
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - S T Tagawa
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - D Margolis
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - J R Osborne
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - T D McClure
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - J C Hu
- NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - D S Scherr
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - C E Barbieri
- Department of Urology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - H Nagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Hospital, New York, NY
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Diven M, Hakansson A, Liu Y, Davicioni E, Dillard A, Khani F, Wolfe S, Hu JC, Scherr DS, McClure TD, Barbieri CE, Nagar H, Marciscano AE. Dynamic Changes of Molecular Subtype Classification and Genomic Classifier Scores in High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Pre-Operative Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e377. [PMID: 37785279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The radiobiology of irradiated human prostate cancer (PCa) remains poorly understood as irradiated tissues often remain in situ. PREPARE-SBRT (NCT03663218) is a clinical trial testing the safety of neoadjuvant MRI-guided stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for men with high-risk PCa. We leveraged paired samples from pre-treatment biopsy and irradiated prostatectomy (RP) specimens to evaluate transcriptomic changes in irradiated tumors at acute timepoints following SBRT. MATERIALS/METHODS Tumor RNA expression profiles were generated using Decipher GRID by Veracyte on 12 subjects enrolled on NCT03663218 with paired pre/post-SBRT tissues (n = 24). Descriptive statistics using Decipher Genomic Classifier (GC) Score [0-1] and GC risk group (low/int/high) were generated from a validated 22-gene GC. Tumor biology signatures reported as dichotomous variables evaluated changes in androgen receptor (AR) activity [higher v lower] and cell cycle progression (CCP) [lower v higher]. Decipher prostate subtype classifier [PSC, luminal differentiated (LD), luminal proliferating (LP), basal immune (BI), basal neuroendocrine like (BN)] classification and PAM50 molecular subtype [luminal A (lumA), luminal B (lumB), basal] at pre/post-SBRT timepoints were reported. A control cohort of transcriptomic profiles of 803 matched untreated biopsy and RP samples from the same patients were used to control for signature differences attributable to sample type. RESULTS The median pre- and post-SBRT GC scores were 0.55 and 0.72 (Δ+0.17), respectively. By comparison, median GC scores in a control cohort (n = 803) of biopsy and RP specimens were 0.50 and 0.56 (Δ+0.06), respectively. SBRT increased GC score in 9/12 subjects (75%) with a median increase of 0.3. Changes in GC score resulted in reclassification of baseline GC risk in 7 of 12 subjects with 71% of reclassified subjects (5/7) transitioning to a higher genomic risk. 92% of subjects (11/12) had higher AR activity scores at baseline. Of this subgroup, 5/11 (45%) converted to lower AR activity score after SBRT. CCP signatures remained stable in 9 of 12 subjects (75%) with 7/12 subjects exhibiting lower CCP score at baseline and only 1 subject transitioning from lower to higher CCP score. Distribution of PAM50 molecular subtype at baseline and after SBRT was lumA (33>53%), lumB (25>17%), basal (42>25%) resulting in 83% of subjects (10/12) annotated to a different PAM50 molecular subtype at pre/post-SBRT assessment. PSC subtype distribution at baseline was LD (33%), LP (25%), BI (33%) and BN (8%). Strikingly, after SBRT, 92% (11/12) of subjects were classified as BI molecular subtype with several immune activation signatures also increased after SBRT. CONCLUSION A majority of subjects demonstrate a post-SBRT increase in GC score with reclassification of genomic-prognostic risk group in 58%. An enrichment of the basal-immune molecular subtype was observed following SBRT suggesting a convergence towards this biology in irradiated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Diven
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
| | | | - Y Liu
- Veracyte Inc., San Diego, CA
| | | | - A Dillard
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - F Khani
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - S Wolfe
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - J C Hu
- NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - D S Scherr
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - T D McClure
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - C E Barbieri
- Department of Urology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - H Nagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Hospital, New York, NY
| | - A E Marciscano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital / Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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Hu JC, Su N, Huang Y, Zou YD, Liu H, Liu JD. Psychometric properties of the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale-Short Form: evidence from Chinese elite athletes. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1230537. [PMID: 37711318 PMCID: PMC10497763 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1230537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale-Short Form (CAAS-SF) among a sample of Chinese elite athletes. Methods A sample of Chinese elite athletes (n = 770) was invited to participate in this study. First, the factor structure of the Chinese version of the CAAS-SF was examined, and six measurement models (CFA, H-CFA, B-CFA, ESEM, H-ESEM, and B-ESEM) were constructed and compared. Second, the internal consistency reliability of the Chinese version of the CAAS-SF was examined. Finally, structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to assess the nomological validity of the Chinese version of the CAAS-SF. Results The results showed that the hierarchical ESEM (H-ESEM) model best represented the factor structure of the CAAS-SF among Chinese elite athletes. It suggests that the higher-order factor of career adaptability explains the four distinctive but interrelated specific factors of concern, control, curiosity, and confidence. Cronbach's alpha coefficients (0.84-0.90), composite reliability (0.81-0.96), and coefficient omega hierarchical (0.855-0.94) of the Chinese version of the CAAS-SF were larger than the cutoff values, which suggest satisfactory reliability. The results of the SEM revealed that the higher-order factor of career adaptability was positively associated with career decision self-efficacy (β = 0.676, p < 0.001). This result is consistent with previous findings (r = 0.65, p < 0.01) and provided support for the nomological validity of the CAAS-SF among Chinese elite athletes. Conclusion The findings of the present study indicated that the Chinese version of the CAAS-SF displayed satisfactory reliability and validity and could be used to assess the career adaptability of Chinese elite athletes. In addition, the total score of the CAAS-SF is suggested to be used in future research and practical works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Chuan Hu
- Department of Physical Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Su
- Physical Education School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanmei Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Duo Zou
- Department of Physical Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Physical Education School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing-Dong Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Hu JC, Liu Y. [Application of osteoconductive substitute materials in pre-implantation alveolar site preservation]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 58:864-870. [PMID: 37550050 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20230621-00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to reduce bone resorption after tooth extraction and achieve the necessary soft and hard tissue augmentation, it is very important to adequately manage the tooth extraction site. Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) before implantation helps to obtain predictable and satisfactory bone augmentation results. In this paper, the characteristics, histological studies, clinical applications and therapeutic effects of osteoconductive alternative materials in ARP are introduced, and related references are provided for their application in ARP.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hu
- Department of Periodontology, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, China
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Teng JY, Yang DP, Tang C, Fang HS, Sun HY, Xiang YN, Li XM, Yang F, Xia RX, Fan F, Liu J, Yu J, Hu JC, Li BS, Li H, Meng FL, Duan CW, Zhou BBS. Targeting DNA polymerase β elicits synthetic lethality with mismatch repair deficiency in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2023:10.1038/s41375-023-01902-3. [PMID: 37095208 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01902-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency has been linked to thiopurine resistance and hypermutation in relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, the repair mechanism of thiopurine-induced DNA damage in the absence of MMR remains unclear. Here, we provide evidence that DNA polymerase β (POLB) of base excision repair (BER) pathway plays a critical role in the survival and thiopurine resistance of MMR-deficient ALL cells. In these aggressive resistant ALL cells, POLB depletion and its inhibitor oleanolic acid (OA) treatment result in synthetic lethality with MMR deficiency through increased cellular apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites, DNA strand breaks and apoptosis. POLB depletion increases thiopurine sensitivities of resistant cells, and OA synergizes with thiopurine to kill these cells in ALL cell lines, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells and xenograft mouse models. Our findings suggest BER and POLB's roles in the process of repairing thiopurine-induced DNA damage in MMR-deficient ALL cells, and implicate their potentials as therapeutic targets against aggressive ALL progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yuan Teng
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hou-Shun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Ning Xiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Xue Xia
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jin-Chuan Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ben-Shang Li
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei-Long Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cai-Wen Duan
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bin-Bing S Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Liu H, Wang X, Wu DH, Zou YD, Jiang XB, Gao ZQ, You RH, Hu JC, Liu JD. Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Translated Athlete Burnout Questionnaire: Evidence From Chinese Collegiate Athletes and Elite Athletes. Front Psychol 2022; 13:823400. [PMID: 35602744 PMCID: PMC9120922 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.823400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to translate the athlete burnout questionnaire (ABQ) into Simplified Chinese and examine its psychometric properties in Chinese collegiate athletes and elite athletes. Firstly, the factor structure, internal consistency reliability and nomological validity of the Chinese translated ABQ was examined in a sample of Chinese collegiate athletes (n = 214, 58.9% females). Secondly, abovementioned psychometric properties were examined in a sample of Chinese elite athletes (n = 505, 52.7% females). Finally, measurement invariance of the Chinese translated ABQ was examined across the two samples. It was found that the 12-item three-correlated-factors model outperformed the one factor model and bi-factor model in collegiate athlete sample whereas the 12-item bi-factor model best represented the factor structure of the Chinese translated ABQ in elite athlete sample. Satisfactory internal consistency reliabilities of the Chinese translated ABQ were evidenced in the two samples. Nomological validity was also supported by the results of the two samples that the three subscales of the ABQ were significantly associated with its theoretically related variables. Results of multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis revealed that weak measurement invariance of the Chinese translated ABQ (three-correlated-factors model) was evidenced across the two samples. Collectively, results of this study indicated that the 12-item Chinese translated ABQ could be used for measuring burnout of Chinese collegiate and elite athletes. Significance and implication of the current study as well as recommendations for future study were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dong-Hai Wu
- Department of Physical Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Duo Zou
- Department of Physical Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Jiang
- Hong Kong Sports Institute, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Gao
- Beijing Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jin-Chuan Hu
- Department of Physical Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Dong Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Salinas EY, Aryaei A, Paschos N, Berson E, Kwon H, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. Shear stress induced by fluid flow produces improvements in tissue-engineered cartilage. Biofabrication 2020; 12:045010. [PMID: 32640430 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aba412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering aims to create implantable biomaterials for the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues. In vitro tissue engineering is generally based on static culture, which limits access to nutrients and lacks mechanical signaling. Using shear stress is controversial because in some cases it can lead to cell death while in others it promotes tissue regeneration. To understand how shear stress works and how it may be used to improve neotissue function, a series of studies were performed. First, a tunable device was designed to determine optimal levels of shear stress for neotissue formation. Then, computational fluid dynamics modeling showed the device applies fluid-induced shear (FIS) stress spanning three orders of magnitude on tissue-engineered cartilage (neocartilage). A beneficial window of FIS stress was subsequently identified, resulting in up to 3.6-fold improvements in mechanical properties of neocartilage in vitro. In vivo, neocartilage matured as evidenced by the doubling of collagen content toward native values. Translation of FIS stress to human derived neocartilage was then demonstrated, yielding analogous improvements in mechanical properties, such as 168% increase in tensile modulus. To gain an understanding of the beneficial roles of FIS stress, a mechanistic study was performed revealing a mechanically gated complex on the primary cilia of chondrocytes that is activated by FIS stress. This series of studies places FIS stress into the arena as a meaningful mechanical stimulation strategy for creating robust and translatable neotissues, and demonstrates the ease of incorporating FIS stress in tissue culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Salinas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, 3131 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, United States of America. Authors contributed equally to this work
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10
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Haudenschild AK, Sherlock BE, Zhou X, Hu JC, Leach JK, Marcu L, Athanasiou KA, Athanasiou KA. Nondestructive fluorescence lifetime imaging and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy detect cartilage matrix depletion and correlate with mechanical properties. Eur Cell Mater 2018; 36:30-43. [PMID: 30051455 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v036a03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineers utilize a battery of expensive, time-consuming and destructive techniques to assess the composition and function of engineered tissues. A nondestructive solution to monitor tissue maturation would reduce costs and accelerate product development. As a first step toward this goal, two nondestructive, label-free optical techniques, namely multispectral fluorescent lifetime imaging (FLIm) and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (TRFS), were investigated for their potential in evaluating the biochemical and mechanical properties of articular cartilage. Enzymatic treatments were utilized to selectively deplete cartilage of either collagen or proteoglycan, to produce a range of matrix compositions. Samples were assessed for their optical properties using a fiber-coupled optical system combining FLIm and TRFS, their biochemical and mechanical properties and by histological staining. Single and multivariable correlations were performed to evaluate relationships among these properties. FLIm- and TRFS-derived measurements are sensitive to changes in cartilage matrix and correlate with mechanical and biochemical assays. Mean fluorescence lifetime values extracted from FLIm images (375-410 nm spectral band) showed strong, specific correlations with collagen content (R2 = 0.79, p < 0.001) and tensile properties (R2 = 0.45, p = 0.02). TRFS lifetime measurements centered at 520 nm (with a 5 nm bandwidth) possessed strong, specific correlations with proteoglycan content (R2 = 0.59, p = 0.001) and compressive properties (R2 = 0.71, p < 0.001). Nondestructive optical assessment of articular cartilage, using a combination of FLIm- and TRFS-derived parameters, provided a quantitative method for determining tissue biochemical composition and mechanical function. These tools hold great potential for research, industrial and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - K A Athanasiou
- University of California Irvine, 3418 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA 92697,
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11
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Mahal BA, Chen YW, Muralidhar V, Mahal AR, Choueiri TK, Hoffman KE, Hu JC, Sweeney CJ, Yu JB, Feng FY, Kim SP, Beard CJ, Martin NE, Trinh QD, Nguyen PL. Racial disparities in prostate cancer outcome among prostate-specific antigen screening eligible populations in the United States. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:1098-1104. [PMID: 28453693 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In 2012, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended against prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, despite evidence that Black men are at a higher risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM). We evaluated whether Black men of potentially screening-eligible age (55-69 years) are at a disproportionally high risk of poor outcomes. Patients and methods The SEER database was used to study 390 259 men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the United States between 2004 and 2011. Multivariable logistic regression modeled the association between Black race and stage of presentation, while Fine-Gray competing risks regression modeled the association between Black race and PCSM, both as a function of screening eligibility (age 55-69 years versus not). Results Black men were more likely to present with metastatic disease (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.65; 1.58-1.72; P < 0.001) and were at a higher risk of PCSM (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 1.36; 1.27-1.46; P < 0.001) compared to non-Black men. There were significant interactions between race and PSA-screening eligibility such that Black patients experienced more disproportionate rates of metastatic disease (AOR 1.76; 1.65-1.87 versus 1.55; 1.47-1.65; Pinteraction < 0.001) and PCSM (AHR 1.53; 1.37-1.70 versus 1.25; 1.14-1.37; Pinteraction = 0.01) in the potentially PSA-screening eligible group than in the group not eligible for screening. Conclusions Racial disparities in prostate cancer outcome among Black men are significantly worse in PSA-screening eligible populations. These results raise the possibility that Black men could be disproportionately impacted by recommendations to end PSA screening in the United States and suggest that Black race should be included in the updated USPSTF PSA screening guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Mahal
- Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Boston, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Y-W Chen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - V Muralidhar
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Deparment of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - A R Mahal
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology/Radiation Oncology, Yale, New Haven, USA
| | - T K Choueiri
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - K E Hoffman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - J C Hu
- Department of Urology, Cornell (New York-Presbyterian Hospital), New York, USA
| | - C J Sweeney
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - J B Yu
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology/Radiation Oncology, Yale, New Haven, USA
| | - F Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S P Kim
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine (University Hospitals), Cleveland, USA
| | - C J Beard
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - N E Martin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Q-D Trinh
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - P L Nguyen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
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12
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Accordino MK, Wright JD, Vasan S, Neugut AI, Hu JC, Hershman DL. Abstract P1-07-21: Use of serum tumor markers and high cost imaging in women with metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p1-07-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Despite data on the sensitivity and specificity of serum tumor marker (STM) tests, there is no evidence to suggest that early changes in therapy related to rising tumor markers have an effect on survival. In fact, the limited data suggests no benefit to early change in therapy. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends monitoring cancer burden in women with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) undergoing therapy; however, they do not provide specific recommendations regarding optimal frequency of STMs or of tumor imaging. We performed a population based analysis to evaluate serum tumor marker usage in patients with hormone sensitive MBC.
Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database was used to identify female patients with hormone receptor positive MBC diagnosed between 2002 and 2011. For each patient, the dates of STMs (CEA and/or CA 15-3/CA 27.29) were recorded; if either or both CEA and CA 15-3/CA 27.29 were ordered on the same day they were counted as one test. We categorized regular STM use as the percentage of patients who had >4 tests in any year, amounting to tests less than 3 months apart; and very frequent STM use as the percentage of patients who had >12 tests in a year, amounting to tests less than 4 weeks apart. Multivariable analysis was performed to further examine patient characteristics associated with frequent STM use. Odds ratios were calculated comparing positron emission tomography (PET) scan use versus computed tomography (CT) use in women with frequent STM testing.
Results: We identified 3,251 eligible patients. Of these, 2,034 (62.6%) had ≥1 STM test in a given year. On average, patients who underwent STM testing were tested 4 times per year (SD 2.9) for an average of 3 years (SD 2.0). Over half of patients with STM testing had regular testing; 1,065 (52.2%) had STM less than every 3 months, 498 (24.5%) less than every 6 weeks, and 146 (7.2%) less than every 4 weeks apart in any given year. Regular STM evaluation was associated with younger age (65-74 vs 75-84) (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.25-1.83), later year of diagnosis (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.04-1.69), and high socioeconomic status compared to low socioeconomic status (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.08-1.73). Similar factors were associated with very frequent STM use (>12 tests/year). Use of PET scan for tumor imaging compared to CT scan use was higher in women with regular STM evaluation (OR=1.97, 95% CI 1.65-2.35) and in women with very frequent STM evaluation (OR=3.77, 95% CI 2.51-5.66).
Conclusion: Regular use of STMs is common in women with hormone receptor positive MBC. Women who had very frequent STMs were almost 4 times more likely to have expensive tumor imaging. Given the rising costs of cancer care, and the increasing survival time in women with metastatic breast cancer, efforts should be made to determine the optimal timing and modality for evaluating response to treatment.
Citation Format: Accordino MK, Wright JD, Vasan S, Neugut AI, Hu JC, Hershman DL. Use of serum tumor markers and high cost imaging in women with metastatic breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-07-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- MK Accordino
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, NY; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, NY
| | - JD Wright
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, NY; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, NY
| | - S Vasan
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, NY; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, NY
| | - AI Neugut
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, NY; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, NY
| | - JC Hu
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, NY; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, NY
| | - DL Hershman
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, NY; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, NY
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13
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Abdollah F, Sammon JD, Reznor G, Sood A, Schmid M, Klett DE, Sun M, Aizer AA, Choueiri TK, Hu JC, Kim SP, Kibel AS, Nguyen PL, Menon M, Trinh QD. Medical androgen deprivation therapy and increased non-cancer mortality in non-metastatic prostate cancer patients aged ≥66 years. Eur J Surg Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26210655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the potential relationship between androgen deprivation therapy and other-cause mortality (OCM) in patients with prostate cancer treated with medical primary-androgen deprivation therapy, prostatectomy, or radiation. METHODS A total of 137,524 patients with non-metastatic PCa treated between 1995 and 2009 within the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Medicare-linked database were included. Cox-regression analysis tested the association of ADT with OCM. A 40-item comorbidity score was used for adjustment. RESULTS Overall, 9.3% of patients harbored stage III-IV disease, and 57.7% of patients received ADT. The mean duration of ADT exposure was 22.9 months (median: 9.1; IQR: 2.8-31.5). Mean and median follow-up were 66.9, and 60.4 months, respectively. At 10 years, overall-OCM rate was 36.5%; it was 30.6% in patients treated without ADT vs. 40.1% in patients treated with ADT (p < 0.001). In multivariable-analysis, ADT was associated with an increased risk of OCM (Hazard-ratio [HR]: 1.11, 95% Confidence-interval [95% CI]: 1.08-1.13). Patients with no comorbidity (10-year OCM excess risk: 9%) were more subject to harm from ADT than patients with high comorbidity (10-year OCM excess risk: 4.7%). CONCLUSIONS In patients with PCa, treatment with medical ADT may increase the risk of mortality due to causes other than PCa. Whether this is a simple association or a cause-effect relationship is unknown and warrants further study in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Abdollah
- Vattikuti Urology Institute & VUI Center for Outcomes Research Analytics and Evaluation, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - J D Sammon
- Vattikuti Urology Institute & VUI Center for Outcomes Research Analytics and Evaluation, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - G Reznor
- Division of Urologic Surgery and Center for Surgery & Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Sood
- Vattikuti Urology Institute & VUI Center for Outcomes Research Analytics and Evaluation, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - M Schmid
- Division of Urologic Surgery and Center for Surgery & Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D E Klett
- Vattikuti Urology Institute & VUI Center for Outcomes Research Analytics and Evaluation, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - M Sun
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - A A Aizer
- Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T K Choueiri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J C Hu
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - S P Kim
- Department of Urology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A S Kibel
- Division of Urologic Surgery and Center for Surgery & Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P L Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Menon
- Vattikuti Urology Institute & VUI Center for Outcomes Research Analytics and Evaluation, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Q-D Trinh
- Division of Urologic Surgery and Center for Surgery & Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Laviana AA, Williams SB, King ED, Chuang RJ, Hu JC. Robot assisted radical prostatectomy: the new standard? MINERVA UROL NEFROL 2015; 67:47-53. [PMID: 25424387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the robotic assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) has grown increasingly popular and quickly equated itself as the most commonly used modality to treat locally-confined prostate cancer. Despite increased utilization, there is limited comparative research demonstrating superiority for RARP over the conventional radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). Furthermore, though perioperative and short-term oncologic outcomes are equivalent if not superior for the robotic approach, the optimal utilization of robotic technology remains to be determined with cost serving as a primary driver. In this review, we performed a literature search to identify comparative effectiveness research as it pertains to RARP versus RRP. We performed a PubMed literature search for a review of articles published between 2000 and 2014 using the following keywords to identify pertinent research: "robot or robotic prostatectomy", "open or retropubic prostatectomy", "cost", "resource utilization". Long-term data comparing RARP and RRP remains limited, though short-term positive surgical margins, biochemical recurrence-free survival, and need for adjuvant therapy appear at least equivocal, if not in favor of RARP versus RRP. Functional outcomes including return of continence and potency favor RARP while cost still favors RRP. Nonetheless, the generalization of results remains difficult with surgeon volume playing a large role in improving efficiency and quality. For the foreseeable future, an increasing number of prostatectomies will continue to be performed robotically. Though RARP appears to offer improved functional outcomes with good short-term oncologic outcomes, there is a need for longer-term studies to assess the true value of RARP. Outcomes aside, rigorous, prospective randomized-controlled trials must also be performed on the cost-effectiveness of RARP to determine its overall utility in an era of health care delivery reform.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Laviana
- Institute of Urologic Oncology Department of Urology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, CA, USA -
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15
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Mahal BA, Inverso G, Aizer AA, Ziehr DR, Hyatt AS, Choueiri TK, Hoffman KE, Hu JC, Beard CJ, D'Amico AV, Martin NE, Orio PF, Trinh QD, Nguyen PL. Incidence and determinants of 1-month mortality after cancer-directed surgery. Ann Oncol 2014; 26:399-406. [PMID: 25430935 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Death within 1 month of surgery is considered treatment related and serves as an important health care quality metric. We sought to identify the incidence of and factors associated with 1-month mortality after cancer-directed surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program to study a cohort of 1 110 236 patients diagnosed from 2004 to 2011 with cancers that are among the 10 most common or most fatal who received cancer-directed surgery. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with 1-month mortality after cancer-directed surgery. RESULTS A total of 53 498 patients (4.8%) died within 1 month of cancer-directed surgery. Patients who were married, insured, or who had a top 50th percentile income or educational status had lower odds of 1-month mortality from cancer-directed surgery {[adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79-0.82; P < 0.001], (AOR 0.88; 95% CI 0.82-0.94; P < 0.001), (AOR 0.95; 95% CI 0.93-0.97; P < 0.001), and (AOR 0.98; 95% CI 0.96-0.99; P = 0.043), respectively}. Patients who were non-white minority, male, or older (per year increase), or who had advanced tumor stage 4 disease all had a higher risk of 1-month mortality after cancer-directed surgery, with AORs of 1.13 (95% CI 1.11-1.15), P < 0.001; 1.11 (95% CI 1.08-1.13), P < 0.001; 1.02 (95% 1.02-1.03), P < 0.001; and 1.89 (95% CI 1.82-1.95), P < 0.001 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Unmarried, uninsured, non-white, male, older, less educated, and poorer patients were all at a significantly higher risk for death within 1 month of cancer-directed surgery. Efforts to reduce 1-month surgical mortality and eliminate sociodemographic disparities in this adverse outcome could significantly improve survival among patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Mahal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School
| | | | | | - D R Ziehr
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School
| | | | - T K Choueiri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - K E Hoffman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - J C Hu
- Department of Urology, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles
| | | | | | | | - P F Orio
- Department of Radiation Oncology
| | - Q-D Trinh
- Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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16
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DuRaine GD, Arzi B, Lee JK, Lee CA, Responte DJ, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. Biomechanical evaluation of suture-holding properties of native and tissue-engineered articular cartilage. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2014; 14:73-81. [PMID: 24848644 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-014-0589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine suture-holding properties of tissue-engineered neocartilage relative to native articular cartilage. To this end, suture pull-out strength was quantified for native articular cartilage and for neocartilages possessing various mechanical properties. Suture-holding properties were examined in vitro and in vivo. Neocartilage from bovine chondrocytes was engineered using two sets of exogenous stimuli, resulting in neotissue of different biochemical compositions. Compressive and tensile properties and glycosaminoglycan, collagen, and pyridinoline cross-link contents were assayed (study 1). Suture pull-out strength was compared between neocartilage constructs, and bovine and leporine native cartilage. Uniaxial pull-out test until failure was performed after passing 6-0 Vicryl through each tissue (study 2). Subsequently, neocartilage was implanted into a rabbit model to examine short-term suture-holding ability in vivo (study 3). Neocartilage glycosaminoglycan and collagen content per wet weight reached 4.55 ± 1.62% and 4.21 ± 0.77%, respectively. Tensile properties for neocartilage constructs reached 2.6 ± 0.77% MPa for Young's modulus and 1.39 ± 0.63 MPa for ultimate tensile strength. Neocartilage reached ~ 33% of suture pull-out strength of native articular cartilage. Neocartilage cross-link content reached 50% of native values, and suture pull-out strength correlated positively with cross-link content (R² = 0.74). Neocartilage sutured into rabbit osteochondral defects was successfully maintained for 3 weeks. This study shows that pyridinoline cross-links in neocartilage may be vital in controlling suture pull-out strength. Neocartilage produced in vitro with one-third of native tissue pull-out strength appears sufficient for construct suturing and retention in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D DuRaine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Wang S, Choi M, Richardson AS, Reid BM, Seymen F, Yildirim M, Tuna E, Gençay K, Simmer JP, Hu JC. STIM1 and SLC24A4 Are Critical for Enamel Maturation. J Dent Res 2014; 93:94S-100S. [PMID: 24621671 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514527971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental enamel formation depends upon the transcellular transport of Ca(2+) by ameloblasts, but little is known about the molecular mechanism, or even if the same process is operative during the secretory and maturation stages of amelogenesis. Identifying mutations in genes involved in Ca(2+) homeostasis that cause inherited enamel defects can provide insights into the molecular participants and potential mechanisms of Ca(2+) handling by ameloblasts. Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1) is an ER transmembrane protein that activates membrane-specific Ca(2+) influx in response to the depletion of ER Ca(2+) stores. Solute carrier family 24, member 4 (SLC24A4), is a Na(+)/K(+)/Ca(2+) transporter that exchanges intracellular Ca(2+) and K(+) for extracellular Na(+). We identified a proband with syndromic hypomaturation enamel defects caused by a homozygous C to T transition (g.232598C>T c.1276C>T p.Arg426Cys) in STIM1, and a proband with isolated hypomaturation enamel defects caused by a homozygous C to T transition (g.124552C>T; c.437C>T; p.Ala146Val) in SLC24A4. Immunohistochemistry of developing mouse molars and incisors showed positive STIM1 and SLC24A4 signal specifically in maturation-stage ameloblasts. We conclude that enamel maturation is dependent upon STIM1 and SLC24A4 function, and that there are important differences in the Ca(2+) transcellular transport systems used by secretory- and maturation-stage ameloblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Oral Health Sciences Program, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 275-1 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-768, Korea Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A S Richardson
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - B M Reid
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - F Seymen
- Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Yildirim
- Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E Tuna
- Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - K Gençay
- Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - J P Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J C Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Laviana AA, Hu JC. A comparison of the robotic-assisted versus retropubic radical prostatectomy. MINERVA UROL NEFROL 2013; 65:161-170. [PMID: 23872627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
After Walsh's detailed anatomic description of pelvic anatomy in 1979, the retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP) was the predominant surgical treatment for prostate cancer for more than twenty-five years. Over the past decade, however, the robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) has grown increasingly popular and now is the most used surgical modality. Willingness to adopt this approach has been confounded by the novelty of technology and widespread marketing campaigns. In this article, we performed a literature search comparing radical retropubic prostatectomy to robotic-assisted radical prostetectomy with regard to perioperative, oncologic, and quality-of-life outcomes. We performed a PubMed literature search for a review of articles published between 2000 and 2013. Relevant articles were highlighted using the following keywords: robot or robotic prostatectomy, open or retropubic prostatectomy. Perioperative outcomes including decreased blood loss, fewer blood transfusions, and decreased length of hospital stay tend to favor RARP, while perioperative mortality is near negligible in both. Short-term positive surgical margins, prostate-specific antigen recurrence free survival, and need for salvage therapy following RARP are similar to RRP, though data at greater than ten years is limited. Preservation of urinary and sexual function and quality of life favored RARP, though this is dependent on surgeon technique. Finally, cost, though evolving, favors RRP. In our current state, most prostatectomies will continue to be perfromed robotically. Though there is evidence the robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy offers shorter lengths of stay, decreased intraoperative blood loss, faster return of sexual function and continence, there is a paucity on long-term oncologic outcomes. Rigorous, prospective randomized-controlled trials need to be performed to determine the long-term success of the robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy and whether it is cost-effective when its potential advantages are taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Laviana
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Institute of Urologic OncologyLos Angeles, CA, USA -
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Li YY, Wang YJ, Xie ZK, Wang RY, Qiu Y, Pan HQ, Hu JC. First Report of Lily Blight and Wilt Caused by Fusarium tricinctum in China. Plant Dis 2013; 97:993. [PMID: 30722565 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-12-1010-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lily (Lilium spp.) is one of the most well-known horticultural crops, and plays an important economic role in China. In September 2011, wilted plants were observed on Lilium oriental hybrid cultivar 'Sorbonne' growing in Longde County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. Disease symptoms included wilting, stem and root rot, brown spots of bulbs and then bulbs rotting and spalling from the basal disc, plus a progressive yellowing and defoliation of the leaves from the base. Diseased plants were sampled from fields. Small pieces of symptomatic bulbs, stems, and roots from 10 different plants were surface disinfected with 75% ethanol for 30 s, 3% sodium hypochlorite for 5 min, and then washed three times in sterilize distilled water. The tissues were placed onto Martin Agar (2) at 25°C for 7 days. Nine isolates with morphology similar to Fusarium were obtained from the diseased tissues. Isolates were transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) and carnation leaf agar (CLA) and incubated at 25°C. Seven were identified as Fusarium oxysporum and one was F. solani, which have been reported as pathogens of lily in China (1). The other isolate, when grown on PDA, rapidly produced dense, white aerial mycelium that became pink with age and formed red pigments in the medium. On CLA, macroconidia with three to five septate were abundant, relatively slender, and curved to lunate. Microconidia were abundant, oval or pyriform, and one to two celled. Chlamydospores were in chains with smooth exine. The rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and a portion of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α) gene of the fungus were amplified, with universal primers ITS1/ITS4 and EF1/EF2 primers respectively (3) and sequenced. In addition, the β-tubulin gene (β-tub) of the fungus was amplified with modified primers Btu-F-F01 (5'-CAGACMGGTCAGTGCGTAA-3') and Btu-F-R01 (5'-TCTTGGGGTCGAACATCTG-3') (4). BLASTn analysis showed that the ITS sequences of the isolate (GenBank Accession No. JX989827) had 98.9% similarity with those of F. tricinctum (EF611092, JF776665, and HM776425) and the EF-1α sequences of the isolate (JX989828) had 98.1% similarity with those of F. tricinctum (EU744837 and JX397850). The β-tub sequences of the isolate (JX989829) had 99.0% similarity with those of F. tricinctum (EU490236 and AB587077). The isolate was tested for pathogenicity. Two-month-old 'Sorbonne' seedlings were inoculated by placing 5 ml of conidial suspension (about 106 conidia per ml) over the roots of plants in each pot. Control plants were treated with sterile water in the same way. Plants were placed in a greenhouse at 22 to 25°C with a 15-h photoperiod. There were eight plants per pot and three replicates for each treatment. After 3 weeks, 87.5% of the inoculated plants exhibited browning of the root tips, root rot, and yellowing of the leaves, while control plants were symptomless. The pathogen was reisolated from the infected roots and identified as F. tricinctum, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Fusarium wilt of lily caused by F. tricinctum. This information will provide guidance for the control of lily wilt disease and add information useful for the production of lilies. References: (1) C. Li and J. J. Li. Acta Phytopathol. Sin. (in Chinese) 26:192, 1995. (2) J. P. Martin. Soil Sci. 38:215, 1950. (3) K. O'Donnell et al. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95:2044, 1998. (4) M. Watanabe et al. BMC Evol. Biol. 11:322. 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Li
- Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y J Wang
- Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Z K Xie
- Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - R Y Wang
- Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y Qiu
- Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - H Q Pan
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - J C Hu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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Abstract
The frequency and impact of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders necessitate research in characterizing the joint's function. The 6 discal attachments have not yet been systematically characterized under tension. Understanding their role in joint function may guide our study of TMJ pathologies, including disc displacement. In the present study, a porcine model was used to characterize the attachments in tension anteroposteriorly and mediolaterally, based on previously identified similarities in the porcine and human masticatory behaviors and discal properties. Tensile stiffness, strength, toughness, and maximum strain were quantified. Collagen alignment was characterized via polarized light and scanning electron microscopy. Anisotropy was demonstrated in all attachments, with the exception of the anterior inferior attachment. Anteroposteriorly, the lateral attachment was stiffest (8.3 MPa) and the anterior superior was least stiff (1.4 MPa). Mediolaterally, the posterior superior attachment was stiffest (16.3 MPa) and the medial was least stiff (1.4 MPa). The greatest strain was observed in the lateral attachment in the mediolateral direction and the posterior superior attachment in the anteroposterior direction. With greatest strains in the most commonly observed directions of disc displacement, it is suggested that compromise in the posterior and lateral attachments contributes to partial lateral and anterior disc displacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Monroe HR, Hu JC, Chiu MW. Methylchloroisothiazolinone / methylisothiazolinone and moist wipe dermatitis. Dermatol Online J 2010; 16:14. [PMID: 20492831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
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DiCarlo BB, Hu JC, Gross T, Vago R, Athanasiou KA. Biomaterial effects in articular cartilage tissue engineering using polyglycolic acid, a novel marine origin biomaterial, IGF-I, and TGF-beta 1. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2009; 223:63-73. [PMID: 19239068 DOI: 10.1243/09544119jeim424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bovine articular chondrocytes were seeded on either polyglycolic acid (PGA) non-woven mesh scaffolds or a biomatrix from the species Porites lutea (POR). These constructs were cultured for 6 weeks in the presence of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I (10 ng/ml or 100 ng/ml) or transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 (5 ng/ml or 30 ng/ml) to determine the in-vitro articular cartilage regeneration capacity of each. Histology, deoxyribonucleic acid content, collagen I and II (immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents were measured at 0 weeks, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks to assess the characteristics of chondrogenesis. Both scaffolds supported the maintenance of the chondrocytic phenotype, as evidenced by the predominance of collagen II and the presence of rounded chondrocytes embedded in lacunae. Regardless of growth factor treatment, cells cultured on PGA scaffolds produced more collagen type II than those cultured on POR. Conversely, by 6 weeks, cells cultured on POR scaffolds produced more GAG than those cultured on PGA scaffolds, again regardless of the growth factor used. Across the two groups, 100 ng/ml of IGF-I had the greatest overall effect in GAG content. This work indicates that PGA and the POR scaffolds are both effective growth matrices for articular cartilage, with each scaffold exhibiting different yet desirable profiles of articular cartilage growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B DiCarlo
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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Guo R, Xue H, Huo XF, Xu DY, Hu JC. [Ssh10b2 differs from its paralogue Ssh10b in cellular abundance and the ability to constrain DNA supercoils]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2006; 46:323-7. [PMID: 16736601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The ssh10b and ssh10b2 genes, a pair of distantly related paralogues in Sulfolobus shibatae, encode members of the Sac10b DNA binding protein family in thermophilic archaea. It has been shown previously that Ssh10b exists in abundance in S. shibatae and is capable of constraining negative DNA supercoils, properties that are consistent with a speculated architectural role for the protein in chromosomal organization. In this study, the ssh10b2 gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant Ssh10b2 protein was purified to apparent homogeneity. Immunoblotting analysis using a specific anti - Ssh10b2 antibody showed that ssh10b2 was expressed in S. shibatae, but the cellular level of Ssh10b2 was only - 10% of that of Ssh10b. Recombinant Ssh10b2 was capable of interacting with both double-stranded and single-stranded DNA. The affinity of the protein for double-stranded DNA was higher than that reported for Ssh10b. The Ssh10b2 and Ssh10b proteins appeared to generate similar gel shift patterns on duplex DNA fragments. However, unlike Ssh10b, Ssh10b2 was unable to constrain DNA supercoils. These data suggest that Ssh10b2 does not serve as a general architectural factor in DNA compaction and organization in S. shibatae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Guo
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China.
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Wu J, Lu ZY, Hu JC, Feng L, Huang JD, Gu XS. Disruption of granules by hydrodynamic force in internal circulation anaerobic reactor. Water Sci Technol 2006; 54:9-16. [PMID: 17163037 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2006.868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A process of granule disruption by hydrodynamic force is discussed in this paper. Shear force and attrition among granules originated from hydrodynamic force are the main causes of the disruption. Since it is positively correlated to the attrition force, the shear force is utilized to describe the effect of hydrodynamic force on granule disruption. In the experiment, when increase rate of average shear rate (IRgamma) of the 1st stage is about 0.2 s(-1) x d(-1), the granules are disrupted; while re-granulation could develop when IRgamma is about 0.07 s(-1) x d(-1); even when the shear rate is as high as about 30s(-1), the granulation rate keeps stably at a relatively high level, which shows that granules could bear the high hydrodynamic force only if it increases by low increase rate. The experimental results would be valuable for the operation and controlling of the upflow reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wu
- Dept of Envirronmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Abstract
Amelogenin and enamelin are structural proteins in the enamel matrix of developing teeth. The temporal and spatial patterns of enamelin expression in developing mouse molars have not been characterized, while controversy remains with respect to amelogenin expression by odontoblasts and cementoblasts. Here we report the results of in situ hybridization analyses of amelogenin and enamelin expression in mouse molars from postnatal days 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 14, and 21. Amelogenin and enamelin mRNA in maxillary first molars was first observed in pre-ameloblasts on the cusp slopes at day 2. The onsets of amelogenin and enamelin expression were approximately synchronous with the initial accumulation of predentin matrix. Both proteins were expressed by ameloblasts throughout the secretory, transition, and early maturation stages. Enamelin expression terminated in maturation stage ameloblasts on day 9, while amelogenin expression is still detected in maturation stage ameloblasts on day 14. No amelogenin expression was observed in day 21 mouse molars. Amelogenin and enamelin RNA messages were restricted to ameloblasts. No expression was observed in pulp, bone, or along the developing root. We conclude that amelogenin and enamelin are enamel-specific and do not directly participate in the formation of dentin or cementum in developing mouse molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hu
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78229-3900, USA
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Simmer JP, Hu JC. Dental enamel formation and its impact on clinical dentistry. J Dent Educ 2001; 65:896-905. [PMID: 11569606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The nature of tooth enamel is of inherent interest to dental professionals. The current-day clinical practice of dentistry involves the prevention of enamel demineralization, the promotion of enamel remineralization, the restoration of cavitated enamel where demineralization has become irreversible, the vital bleaching of dental enamel that has become discolored, and the diagnosis and treatment of developmental enamel malformations, which can be caused by environmental or genetic factors. On a daily basis, dental health providers make diagnostic and treatment decisions that are influenced by their understanding of tooth formation. A systemic condition during tooth development, such as high fever, can produce a pattern of enamel defects in the dentition. Knowing the timing of tooth development permits estimates about the timing of the disturbance. The process of enamel maturation continues following tooth eruption, so that erupted teeth can become less susceptible to decay over time. Mutations in the genes encoding enamel proteins lead to amelogenesis imperfecta, a collection of inherited diseases having enamel malformations as the predominant phenotype. Defects in the amelogenin gene cause X-linked amelogenesis imperfecta, and genes encoding other enamel proteins are candidates for autosomal forms. Here we review our current understanding of dental enamel formation, and relate this information to clinical circumstances where this understanding may be particularly relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Simmer
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78229-3900, USA.
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Lia-Baldini AS, Muller F, Taillandier A, Gibrat JF, Mouchard M, Robin B, Simon-Bouy B, Serre JL, Aylsworth AS, Bieth E, Delanote S, Freisinger P, Hu JC, Krohn HP, Nunes ME, Mornet E. A molecular approach to dominance in hypophosphatasia. Hum Genet 2001; 109:99-108. [PMID: 11479741 DOI: 10.1007/s004390100546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2001] [Accepted: 05/14/2001] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia is an inherited disorder characterized by defective bone mineralization and a deficiency of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) activity. The disease is highly variable in its clinical expression, because of various mutations in the TNSALP gene. In approximately 14% of the patients tested in our laboratory, only one TNSALP gene mutation was found, despite exhaustive sequencing of the gene, suggesting that missing mutations are harbored in intron or regulatory sequences or that the disease is dominantly transmitted. The distinction between these two situations is of importance, especially in terms of genetic counseling, but dominance is sometimes difficult to conclusively determine by using familial analysis since expression of the disease may be highly variable, with parents of even severely affected children showing no or extremely mild symptoms of the disease. We report here the study of eight point mutations (G46 V, A99T, S164L, R167 W, R206 W, G232 V, N461I, I473F) found in patients with no other detectable mutation. Three of these mutations, G46 V, S164L, and I473F, have not previously been described. Pedigree and/or serum alkaline phosphatase data suggested possible dominant transmission in families with A99T, R167 W, and G232 V. By means of site-directed mutagenesis, transfections in COS-1 cells, and three-dimensional (3D) modeling, we evaluated the possible dominant effect of these eight mutations. The results showed that four of these mutations (G46 V, A99T, R167 W, and N461I) exhibited a negative dominant effect by inhibiting the enzymatic activity of the heterodimer, whereas the four others did not show such inhibition. Strong inhibition resulted in severe hypophosphatasia, whereas partial inhibition resulted in milder forms of the disease. Analysis of the 3D model of the enzyme showed that mutations exhibiting a dominant effect were clustered in two regions, viz., the active site and an area probably interacting with a region having a particular biological function such as dimerization, tetramerization, or membrane anchoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Lia-Baldini
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique et Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Bâtiment Fermat, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hu
- The Breast Unit, St George's Hospital, Blackshaw Road, London SW17 0QT, UK
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Abstract
Since the first description of the yeast two-hybrid system, related genetic assays for protein-protein interactions have become popular and powerful tools for structure-function analysis on the scale of individual proteins or whole proteomes. After a somewhat surprising lag, similar systems have recently been described for use in bacterial hosts. n-hybrid modifications of the original yeast system have been used to examine interactions with DNA, RNA and small molecules, and other modifications have improved throughput for genomic applications. Bacterial n-hybrid systems are being designed for a similar array of uses. Will the bacterial systems be as popular as the yeast n-hybrid systems? Only time will tell.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hu
- Dept of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2128, USA.
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Carbone JM, Kavaler E, Hu JC, Raz S. Pubovaginal sling using cadaveric fascia and bone anchors: disappointing early results. J Urol 2001; 165:1605-11. [PMID: 11342927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pubovaginal sling procedures offer highly effective treatment for patients with female stress urinary incontinence. A recent modification of this technique is the use of cadaveric fascia lata as a sling material supported with titanium anchors placed bilaterally in the pubic bone. We reviewed our experience with this procedure and assessed our outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 154 consecutive patients underwent a bone anchored, cadaveric fascia pubovaginal sling procedure by a single surgeon from July 1998 to June 1999. All patients were evaluated preoperatively with a detailed history, pelvic examination and radiographic or multichannel video urodynamic studies to diagnose stress urinary incontinence. Our technique begins with the nonincision placement of titanium bone anchors transvaginally into the pubic bone bilaterally. A 2 cm. wide tunnel is created bluntly beneath the vaginal epithelium between the 2 puncture sites with a right angle clamp. A 2 x 7 cm. strip of cadaveric fascia is then passed through the tunnel, into the retropubic space and secured to 2-0 polypropylene sutures attached to the anchors. After securing the sling, the transvaginal puncture sites are closed with 2-0 polyglactin sutures. Patients were seen postoperatively at 6 weeks, and 3 and 6-month followup. Patient age averaged 60 years (range 38 to 85), with an overall average length of followup from surgery of 10.6 months (range 6 to 16). All patients were mailed a self-administered questionnaire and participated in a telephone interview with an office nurse to retrospectively assess outcome and evaluate for recurrent stress urinary incontinence. Recurrent stress urinary incontinence was graded as 0-none, 1-rare, 2-moderate and 3-severe. Repeat pubovaginal sling procedure that was performed in patients with grades 2 to 3 stress urinary incontinence was considered a failure for the purpose of our study. RESULTS Of all 154 patients 58 (37.6%) had recurrent moderate to severe (grades 2 to 3) stress urinary incontinence at followup. A total of 26 patients underwent a second pubovaginal sling procedure for a reoperation rate of 16.9%. Intraoperative findings at reoperation revealed the titanium anchors to be in position, the polypropylene sutures to be intact, and retropubic fibrosis and scarring of the urethropelvic ligament suggesting appropriate retropubic placement of the sling in all cases. Uniformly all allogenic cadaveric fascia used for sling material appeared to be fragmented, attenuated or simply absent. Average time to reoperation was 9 months (range 3 to 15). CONCLUSIONS Early results using a bone anchored cadaveric fascia pubovaginal sling procedure were discouraging. Based on findings at reoperation, we attribute this result to the failure of our sling material and have abandoned the use of cadaveric fascia allografts in all pubovaginal slings at our institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Carbone
- Danville Regional Medical Center, Danville, Virginia, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Rieker
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA
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Abstract
Enamelin is likely to be essential for proper dental enamel formation. It is secreted by ameloblasts throughout the secretory stage and can readily be isolated from the enamel matrix of developing teeth. The gene encoding human enamelin is located on the long arm of chromosome 4, in a region previously linked to an autosomal-dominant form of amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). To gain information on the structure of the enamelin gene and to facilitate the future assessment of the role of enamelin in normal and diseased enamel formation, we have cloned and characterized the mouse and human enamelin genes. Both genes are about 25 kilobases long. The enamelin gene has 10 exons interrupted by 9 introns. Translation initiates in exon 3 and terminates in exon 10. All of the intron/exon junctions within the mouse and human enamelin coding regions are between codons, so there are no partial codons in any exon, and deletion of one or more coding exons by alternative RNA splicing would not shift the downstream reading frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hu
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, 78229-3900, USA.
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Abstract
The leucine zipper is a dimeric coiled-coil structural motif consisting of four to six heptad repeats, designated (abcdefg)(n). In the GCN4 leucine zipper, a position 16 in the third heptad is occupied by an Asn residue whereas the other a positions are Val residues. Recently, we have constructed variants of the GCN4 leucine zipper in which the a position Val residues were replaced by Ile. The folding and unfolding of the wild-type GCN4 leucine zipper and the Val to Ile variant both adhere to a simple two-state mechanism. In this study, another variant of the GCN4 leucine zipper was constructed by moving the single Asn residue from a position 16 to a position 9. This switch causes the thermal unfolding of the GCN4 leucine zipper to become three state. The unfolding pathway of this variant was determined by thermal denaturation, limited proteinase K digestion, and sedimentation equilibrium analysis. Our data are consistent with a model in which the variant first unfolds from its N terminus and changes the oligomerization specificity from a native dimer to a partially unfolded intermediate containing a mixture of dimers and trimers and then completely unfolds to unstructured monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Advanced Biomolecular Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Center for Advanced Biomolecular Research, Biochemistry/Biophysics Building, Room 443A, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2128, USA.
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Abstract
Many laboratory strains of Escherichia coli are resistant to methotrexate (MTX), a folate analogue that binds dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Mutations that inactivate either tolC or acrA confer MTX sensitivity. Further, overexpression of a fusion protein with DHFR activity reverses this sensitivity by titrating out intracellular MTX. These results suggest that MTX accumulates in cells where mutations in acrA or tolC have inactivated the TolC-dependent AcrAB multidrug resistance efflux pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kopytek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Center for Advanced Biomolecular Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128, USA
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Hu JC, Bradman K, Taylor M, Leslie M, Parker MC. Pancreaticoduodenectomy after downstaging of pancreatic carcinoma by chemotherapy. J R Soc Med 2000; 93:432-3. [PMID: 10983509 PMCID: PMC1298089 DOI: 10.1177/014107680009300813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J C Hu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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Abstract
The yeast two-hybrid system has been used to characterize many protein-protein interactions. A two-hybrid system for E. coli was constructed in which one hybrid protein bound to a specific DNA site recruits another to an adjacent DNA binding site. The first hybrid comprises a test protein, the bait, fused to a chimeric protein containing the 434 repressor DNA binding domain. In the second hybrid, a second test protein, the prey, is fused downstream of a chimeric protein with the DNA binding specificity of the lambda repressor. Reporters were designed to express cat and lacZ under the control of a low-affinity lambda operator. At low expression levels, lambda repressor hybrids weakly repress the reporter genes. A high-affinity operator recognized by 434 repressor was placed nearby, in a position that does not yield repression by 434 repressor alone. If the test proteins interact, the 434 hybrid bound to the 434 operator stabilizes the binding of the lambda repressor hybrid to the lambda operator, causing increased repression of the reporter genes. Reconstruction experiments with the fos and jun leucine zippers detected protein-protein interactions between either homodimeric or heterodimeric leucine zippers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Hays
- Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
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39
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Abstract
The dimeric interface of the leucine zipper coiled coil from GCN4 has been used to probe the contributions of hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions to protein stability. We have determined the energetics of placing Ile or Asn residues at four buried positions in a two-stranded coiled coil. As expected, Ile is favored over Asn at these buried positions, but not as much as predicted by considering only the hydrophobic effect. It appears that interstrand hydrogen bonds form between the side-chains of the buried Asn residues and these contribute to the conformational stability of the coiled-coil peptides. However, these contributions are highly dependent on the locations of the Asn pairs. The effect of an Ile to Asn mutation is greatest at the N terminus of the peptide and decreases almost twofold as we move the substitution from the N to C-terminal heptads.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Advanced Molecular Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Siegele
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-3258, USA
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41
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Hu JC, Zhang C, Sun X, Yang Y, Cao X, Ryu O, Simmer JP. Characterization of the mouse and human PRSS17 genes, their relationship to other serine proteases, and the expression of PRSS17 in developing mouse incisors. Gene 2000; 251:1-8. [PMID: 10863090 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(00)00203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The human PRSS17 (serine protease 17) gene, which is located on chromosome 19q in a cluster of genes encoding serine proteases, has been variously designated enamel matrix serine proteinase 1 (EMSP1), prostase, KLK4, and KLK-L1. We have cloned and characterized the mouse and human PRSS17 genes. Both have six exons and five introns. The mouse PRSS17 gene sequence is 10134bp; the human sequence is 7115bp. Computer analysis of the mouse PRSS17 gene sequence upstream of the translation initiation codon identified two potential transcription initiation sites, at nucleotides 2878 and 2336. The first nucleotide of the reported mouse PRSS17 cDNA sequence corresponds to position 2352 on the gene, only 16 bases downstream from one of the putative transcription initiation sites. Repetitive DNA sequences from the MSR1 family are found in both the mouse and human PRSS17 genes. Additionally, the human PRSS17 gene contains Tigger2, MER8, and Alu repetitive sequences. Phylogenetic analyses of human and rodent proteases suggest that the PRSS17 protein is not a member of the kallikrein family of serine proteases but that the PRSS17 gene may have originated prior to the divergence of the kallikrein and trypsin families of proteases. To better characterize the timing of PRSS17 expression in developing teeth, we performed in-situ hybridization on postnatal day 3 developing mouse mandibular incisors. PRSS17 mRNA was not detected in secretory stage ameloblasts but could be detected in odontoblasts, while transition-stage and maturation-stage ameloblasts were strongly positive. This pattern supports a role for the PRSS17 protein in the degradation of enamel proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hu
- University of Texas School of Dentistry, Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, 78284-7888, USA.
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42
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Abstract
A kindred with dominant hypophosphatasia resulting from an alanine to threonine substitution at position 99 of the alkaline phosphatase protein is described. The clinical findings of individual members of the kindred were assessed by oral and physical examinations, or from the descriptions of multiple family members. The proband displayed enamel hypoplasia and premature loss of fully rooted primary anterior teeth, which were shown by histological examination to lack cementum. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and a vitamin B6 panel, and urine phosphoethanolamine (PEA) were measured on 21 family members. Based upon the clinical and laboratory tests, affected and unaffected status was assigned. Parametric linkage analysis of the kindred using different dominant models and frequency distributions for the disease allele and the mutation gave lodscores > 4.2 and confirmed the strong linkage between the disease and the mutation. Assuming the defined mutation causes the disease, the reliability of clinical and laboratory tests is assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hu
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, 78229-7888, USA
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43
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Kopytek SJ, Standaert RF, Dyer JC, Hu JC. Chemically induced dimerization of dihydrofolate reductase by a homobifunctional dimer of methotrexate. Chem Biol 2000; 7:313-21. [PMID: 10801470 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(00)00109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemically induced dimerization (CID) can be used to manipulate cellular regulatory pathways from signal transduction to transcription, and to create model systems for study of the specific interactions between proteins and small-molecule chemical ligands. However, few CID systems are currently available. The properties of, and interactions between, Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and the ligand methotrexate (MTX) meet many of the desired criteria for the development of a new CID system. RESULTS BisMTX, a homobifunctional version of MTX, was synthesized and tested for its ability to induce dimerization of DHFR. Gel-filtration analysis of purified DHFR confirmed that, in vitro, the protein was a monomer in the absence of dimerizer drug; in the presence of bisMTX, a complex of twice the monomeric molecular weight was observed. Furthermore, the off-rate was found to be 0.0002 s(-1), approximately 100 times slower than that reported for DHFR-MTX. Interestingly, the addition of excess bisMTX did not result in formation of the binary complex (1 protein:1 dimerizer) over the ternary complex (2 proteins:1 dimerizer), which suggests cooperative binding interactions (affinity modulation) between the two DHFR molecules in the bisMTX:DHFR(2) ternary complex. CONCLUSIONS The combination of DHFR and bisMTX provides a new CID system with properties that could be useful for applications in vivo. Formation of the bisMTX:DHFR(2) ternary complex in vitro is promoted over a wide range of dimerizer concentrations, consistent with the idea that formation of the ternary complex recruits energetically favorable interactions between the DHFR monomers in the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kopytek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, TX 77843-2128, USA
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44
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Abstract
Genetic methods based on fusion proteins allow the power of a genetic approach to be applied to the self-assembly of proteins or protein fragments, regardless of whether or not the normal function of the fused assembly domains is either known or amenable to selection or screening. The widespread adoption of variations of the yeast two-hybrid system originally described by S. Fields and O. Song (1989, Nature 340, 245-246) demonstrates the usefulness of these kinds of assays. This review describes some of the many systems used to select or screen for protein-protein interactions based on the regulation of reporter constructs by hybrid proteins expressed in bacteria, including recent implementations of generalizable two-hybrid systems for Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Center for Macromolecular Design, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128, USA.
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45
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Hu JC, Ryu OH, Chen JJ, Uchida T, Wakida K, Murakami C, Jiang H, Qian Q, Zhang C, Ottmers V, Bartlett JD, Simmer JP. Localization of EMSP1 expression during tooth formation and cloning of mouse cDNA. J Dent Res 2000; 79:70-6. [PMID: 10690663 DOI: 10.1177/00220345000790011301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enamel matrix serine proteinase 1 (EMSP1) is a proteolytic enzyme that has been isolated from the developing enamel of pig teeth. Its apparent function is to degrade the organic matrix in preparation for enamel maturation. The expression of EMSP1 has never been investigated in another organism besides the pig, and EMSP1 expression in the enamel organ has never been specifically demonstrated in ameloblasts. Here we report the expression of recombinant pig EMSP 1 (rpEMSP 1), the generation of rabbit polyclonal antibodies against rpEMSP1, the characterization of the antibodies and EMSP1 expression by Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses, the cloning and characterization of a full-length cDNA encoding mouse EMSP1, and the localization of EMSP1 expression in ameloblasts in mouse day 14 first and second molars by in situ hybridization. The full-length mouse EMSP1 cDNA clone has 1,237 nucleotides, excluding the poly(A+) tail, and encodes a preproprotein of 255 amino acids. Mouse EMSP1 shares 75% amino acid identity with pig EMSP1 and has three potential N-linked glycosylation sites, two of which are conserved in the pig homologue. Western blot analysis shows that the polyclonal antibodies are specific for EMSP1 and do not cross-react with trypsin. Immunohistochemistry of pig incisors shows discrete staining in the surface enamel at the earliest part of the maturation stage. In mouse molars, in situ hybridization gives a distinct and specific signal in maturation-stage ameloblasts, and in the junctional epithelium following tooth eruption. We conclude that EMSP1 is expressed by pig and mouse ameloblasts during the early maturation stage of amelogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hu
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, 78284-7888, USA
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46
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Abstract
An important goal in protein engineering is to control associations between designed proteins. This is most often done by fusing known, naturally occurring oligomerization modules, such as leucine zippers [1] [2] [3], to the proteins of interest [4] [5] [6]. It is of considerable interest to design or discover new oligomerization domains that have novel binding specificities [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] in order to expand the 'toolbox' of the protein engineer and also to eliminate associations of the designed proteins with endogenous factors. We report here a simple genetic selection scheme through which to search libraries for peptides that are able to mediate homodimerization or higher-order self-oligomerization of a protein in vivo. We found several peptides that support oligomerization of the lambda repressor DNA-binding domain in Escherichia coli cells, some of them as efficiently as the endogenous dimerization domain or the GCN4 leucine zipper. Many are very small, comprising as few as six residues. This study strongly supports the notion that peptide sequence space is rich in small peptides, which might be useful in protein engineering and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78712, USA
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47
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Abstract
Isolated high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) has been shown to be a positive predictor of prostate cancer (PCa) on follow-up biopsy. However, the incidence of isolated high-grade PIN in needle biopsy specimens has been reported with a highly variable frequency of 1% to 15%. The current study examined the relationship of various pathological features with PCa on a single biopsy accession. A study population of 388 community-based consecutive needle biopsy accessions was prospectively recorded by a single pathologist (T.M.W.). All of the individual biopsy specimens were coded for the presence of PCa, high-grade PIN, low-grade PIN, chronic inflammation (CI), intraluminal prostatic crystalloids (IPC) in benign glands, and mucinous metaplasia (MM). One hundred twenty-nine (33%) of the patients were diagnosed with PCa. The 8% incidence of isolated high-grade PIN was consistent with previous studies. The incidence of other pathological features were as follows: high-grade PIN, 14%; low-grade PIN, 13%; CI, 30%; IPC, 4%; and MM, 8%. Of the patients with high-grade PIN, 47% had PCa on a separate core biopsy, whereas 31% of patients without high-grade PIN were observed to have PCa (P=.021). Of the patients with CI, 21% were found to have PCa on a separate core, whereas 38% of patients without CI were found to have PCa (P=.0009). None of the other pathological features surveyed showed any significant association with PCa. High-grade PIN was a relatively common finding (14%) in this study and was positively associated with PCa on a separate core from the same accession biopsy. The negative association of CP with PCa within the same accession has not been reported previously and may be an artifact related to the clinical indications for a prostatic biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hu
- Department of Pathology, The Methodist Hospital, the Matsunaga-Conte Prostate Cancer Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-2707, USA
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48
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Abstract
PAH emission from the powered engines fueled by a 95 leadfree gasoline (95-LFG), a 92 leadfree gasoline (92-LFG) and a Premium leaded gasoline (PLG) with two gasoline additives (SA and SB) were collected using a PAH sampling system with a particulate interception device. Twenty one PAHs were analyzed primarily by an GC/MS, while eight metal elements were determined mainly by an ICP-AES. This investigation showed that the gasoline additives contain more amounts of carcinogenic PAHs than gasolines do. Blending these additives do raise the PAH content in the gasolines, simultaneously, will emit more amount of PAHs from the tailpipe of engine exhaust. It is suggested that before a gasoline additive is commercialized, an assessment on its PAH emission should be evaluated to make sure that the additive will not emit more PAHs and cause adverse effect on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Mi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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49
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Abstract
Putative intersubunit electrostatic interactions between charged amino acids on the surfaces of the dimer interfaces of leucine zippers (g-e' ion pairs) have been implicated as determinants of dimerization specificity. To evaluate the importance of these ionic interactions in determining the specificity of dimer formation, we constructed a pool of > 65,000 GCN4 leucine zipper mutants in which all the e and g positions are occupied by different combinations of alanine, glutamic acid, lysine, or threonine. The oligomerization properties of these mutants were evaluated based on the phenotypes of cells expressing lambda repressor-leucine zipper fusion proteins. About 90% of the mutants do not form stable homooligomers. Surprisingly, approximately 8% of the mutant sequences have phenotypes consistent with the formation of higher-order (> dimer) oligomers, which can be classified into three types based on sequence features. The oligomerization states of mutants from two of these types were determined by characterizing purified fusion proteins. The Type I mutant behaved as a tetramer under all tested conditions, whereas the Type III mutant formed a variety of higher-order oligomers, depending on the solution conditions. Stable homodimers comprise less than 3% of the pool; several g-e' positions in these mutants could form attractive ion pairs. Putative repulsive ion pairs are not found among the homodimeric mutants. However, patterns of charged residues at the e and g positions do not seem to be sufficient to predict either homodimer or heterodimer formation among the mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-2128, USA
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50
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Siegele DA, Hu JC. Gene expression from plasmids containing the araBAD promoter at subsaturating inducer concentrations represents mixed populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:8168-72. [PMID: 9223333 PMCID: PMC21575 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.15.8168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression from plasmids containing the araBAD promoter can be regulated by the concentration of arabinose in the growth medium. Guzman et al. [Guzman, L.-M., Belin, D., Carson, M. J. & Beckwith, J. (1995) J. Bacteriol. 177, 4121-4130] showed that expression of a cloned gene could be modulated over several orders of magnitude in cultures grown in the presence of subsaturating concentrations of arabinose. We constructed plasmids expressing a fast-folding mutant Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein from the araBAD promoter to examine the distribution of expressed gene products in individual cells at intermediate induction levels. Microscopic examination of cells grown at low arabinose concentrations shows mixtures of brightly fluorescent and dark cells, suggesting that intermediate expression levels in cultures reflect a population average of induced and uninduced cells. The kinetics of green fluorescent protein induction suggest that this reflects an "autocatalytic" induction mechanism due to accumulation of the inducer by active transport. This mechanism, which is analogous to the induction of the lac operon at subsaturating inducer concentrations in lacY+ cells, was described 40 years ago by Novick and Weiner [Novick, A. & Weiner, M. (1957) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 43, 553-566].
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Siegele
- Department of Biology, Institute for Biosciences and Technology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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