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Knorr J, Lone Z, Werneburg G, Adler A, Agudelo J, Suryavanshi M, Campbell RA, Ericson K, Qiu H, Bajic P, Haber GP, Weight CJ, Ahern PP, Almassi N, Miller AW, Lee BH. An exploratory study investigating the impact of the bladder tumor microbiome on Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) response in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2024; 42:291.e1-291.e11. [PMID: 38664180 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is standard of care for intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The effect of the bladder microbiome on response to BCG is unclear. We sought to characterize the microbiome of bladder tumors in BCG-responders and non-responders and identify potential mechanisms that drive treatment response. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with archival pre-treatment biopsy samples (2012-2018) were identified retrospectively. Prospectively, urine and fresh tumor samples were collected from individuals with high-risk NMIBC (2020-2023). BCG response was defined as tumor-free 2 years from induction therapy. Extracted DNA was sequenced for 16S rRNA and shotgun metagenomics. Primary outcomes were species richness (α-diversity) and microbial composition (β-diversity). Paired t-tests were performed for α-diversity (Observed species/Margalef). Statistical analysis for β-diversity (weighted and unweighted UniFrac distances, weighted Bray-Curtis dissimilarity) were conducted through Permanova, with 999 permutations. RESULTS Microbial species richness (P < 0.001) and composition (P = 0.001) differed between BCG responders and non-responders. Lactobacillus spp. were significantly enriched in BCG-responders. Shotgun metagenomics identified possible mechanistic pathways such as assimilatory sulfate reduction. CONCLUSION A compositional difference exists in the tumor microbiome of BCG responders and non-responders with Lactobacillus having increased abundance in BCG responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Knorr
- Cleveland Clinic Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Zaeem Lone
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Glenn Werneburg
- Cleveland Clinic Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ava Adler
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jose Agudelo
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Rebecca A Campbell
- Cleveland Clinic Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Kyle Ericson
- Univeristy Hospitals Department of Urology, Cleveland, OH
| | - Hong Qiu
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Petar Bajic
- Cleveland Clinic Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | - Philip P Ahern
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Nima Almassi
- Cleveland Clinic Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Aaron W Miller
- Cleveland Clinic Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH.
| | - Byron H Lee
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
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Gholami A, Mohkam M, Soleimanian S, Sadraeian M, Lauto A. Bacterial nanotechnology as a paradigm in targeted cancer therapeutic delivery and immunotherapy. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:113. [PMID: 39166136 PMCID: PMC11333603 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Cancer, a multifaceted and diverse ailment, presents formidable obstacles to traditional treatment modalities. Nanotechnology presents novel prospects for surmounting these challenges through its capacity to facilitate meticulous and regulated administration of therapeutic agents to malignant cells while concurrently modulating the immune system to combat neoplasms. Bacteria and their derivatives have emerged as highly versatile and multifunctional platforms for cancer nanotherapy within the realm of nanomaterials. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted and groundbreaking implementations of bacterial nanotechnology within cancer therapy. This review encompasses four primary facets: the utilization of bacteria as living conveyors of medicinal substances, the employment of bacterial components as agents that stimulate the immune system, the deployment of bacterial vectors as tools for delivering genetic material, and the development of bacteria-derived nano-drugs as intelligent nano-medications. Furthermore, we elucidate the merits and modalities of operation pertaining to these bacterial nano-systems, along with their capacity to synergize with other cutting-edge nanotechnologies, such as CRISPR-Cas systems. Additionally, we offer insightful viewpoints regarding the forthcoming trajectories and prospects within this expanding domain. It is our deduction that bacterial nanotechnology embodies a propitious and innovative paradigm in the realm of cancer therapy, which has the potential to provide numerous advantages and synergistic effects in enhancing the outcomes and quality of life for individuals afflicted with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Milad Mohkam
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeede Soleimanian
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadraeian
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Antonio Lauto
- School of Science, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW 2560 Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW 2560 Australia
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Gao X, Jiang J. Exploring the regulatory mechanism of intestinal flora based on PD-1 receptor/ligand targeted cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1359029. [PMID: 38617841 PMCID: PMC11010636 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1359029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Serving as a pivotal immunotherapeutic approach against tumors, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy amplifies the immune cells' capability to eliminate tumors by obstructing the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1. Research indicates that immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective when a patient's gut harbors unique beneficial bacteria. As such, it has further been revealed that the gut microbiome influences tumor development and the efficacy of cancer treatments, with metabolites produced by the microbiome playing a regulatory role in the antitumor efficacy of Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICBs). This article discusses the mechanism of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and the role of intestinal flora in immune regulation. This review focuses on the modulation of intestinal flora in the context of PD-1 immunotherapy, which may offer a new avenue for combination therapy in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Gao
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor lmmunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor lmmunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Pfail J, Drobner J, Doppalapudi K, Saraiya B, Packiam V, Ghodoussipour S. The Role of Tumor and Host Microbiome on Immunotherapy Response in Urologic Cancers. JOURNAL OF CANCER IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 6:1-13. [PMID: 38846356 PMCID: PMC11156155 DOI: 10.33696/cancerimmunol.6.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction & Objective The role of the microbiome in the development and treatment of genitourinary malignancies is just starting to be appreciated. Accumulating evidence suggests that the microbiome can modulate immunotherapy through signaling in the highly dynamic tumor microenvironment. Nevertheless, much is still unknown about the immuno-oncology-microbiome axis, especially in urologic oncology. The objective of this review is to synthesize our current understanding of the microbiome's role in modulating and predicting immunotherapy response to genitourinary malignancies. Methods A literature search for peer-reviewed publications about the microbiome and immunotherapy response in bladder, kidney, and prostate cancer was conducted. All research available in PubMed, Google Scholar, clinicaltrials.gov, and bioRxiv up to September 2023 was analyzed. Results Significant differences in urinary microbiota composition have been found in patients with genitourinary cancers compared to healthy controls. Lactic acid-producing bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genera, may have value in augmenting BCG responsiveness to bladder cancer. BCG may also be a dynamic regulator of PD-L1. Thus, the combination of BCG and immune checkpoint inhibitors may be an effective strategy for bladder cancer management. In advanced renal cell carcinoma, studies show that recent antibiotic administration negatively impacts survival outcomes in patients undergoing immunotherapy, while administration of CBM588, a live bacterial product, is associated with improved progression-free survival. Specific bacterial taxa, such as Streptococcus salivarius, have been linked with response to pembrolizumab in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Fecal microbiota transplant has been shown to overcome resistance and reduce toxicity to immunotherapy; it is currently being investigated for both kidney and prostate cancers. Conclusions Although the exact mechanism is unclear, several studies identify a symbiotic relationship between microbiota-centered interventions and immunotherapy efficacy. It is possible to improve immunotherapy responsiveness in genitourinary malignancies using the microbiome, but further research with more standardized methodology is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Pfail
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jake Drobner
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Krishna Doppalapudi
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Biren Saraiya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Vignesh Packiam
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Saum Ghodoussipour
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Udompatanakorn C, Ratthawongjirakul P. A Combination of Curcumin and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Inhibits Viability and Induces Apoptosis in SCC-9 Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. J Evid Based Integr Med 2024; 29:2515690X241258369. [PMID: 38778767 PMCID: PMC11113064 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x241258369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of curcumin combined with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG cell-free supernatant (LGG CFS) on the proliferation and induction of apoptosis in SCC-9 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. Curcumin (40 µg/ml) and 25% v/v LGG CFS (108 CFU/ml), both alone and in a combination regimen, significantly decreased the viability of SCC-9 cells and normal human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells. Interestingly, the combination of low doses of curcumin (5 µg/ml) and 25% v/v LGG CFS (106 CFU/ml) had no effect on the HGF cells but significantly inhibited the viability of SCC-9 cells (p < 0.05). Flow cytometric analysis revealed that SCC-9 cells treated with the combination of low-dose curcumin and low-dose LGG CFS had a higher apoptotic rate than the cells in the control group and the single treatment groups (p < 0.05). The combined treatment also significantly increased the Bax/Bcl2 mRNA and protein expression in SCC-9 cells (p < 0.05) but not in HGF cells, indicating the underlying mechanism of the combination regimen. There was no significant difference in caspase-3 protein expression or the Bcl-xL/Bak and Mcl-1/Bak ratios between the treatment and control groups in both cell lines. These findings suggested that the coadministration of curcumin and LGG could exhibit anticancer effects in SCC-9 cells without causing toxicity to normal fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatchaphan Udompatanakorn
- Program of Molecular Sciences in Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panan Ratthawongjirakul
- Research Unit of Innovative Diagnosis of Antimicrobial Resistance, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Xue X, Li R, Chen Z, Li G, Liu B, Guo S, Yue Q, Yang S, Xie L, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Tan R. The role of the symbiotic microecosystem in cancer: gut microbiota, metabolome, and host immunome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1235827. [PMID: 37691931 PMCID: PMC10484231 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is not just a simple nutritional symbiosis that parasitizes the host; it is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that coevolves actively with the host and is involved in a variety of biological activities such as circadian rhythm regulation, energy metabolism, and immune response. The development of the immune system and immunological functions are significantly influenced by the interaction between the host and the microbiota. The interactions between gut microbiota and cancer are of a complex nature. The critical role that the gut microbiota plays in tumor occurrence, progression, and treatment is not clear despite the already done research. The development of precision medicine and cancer immunotherapy further emphasizes the importance and significance of the question of how the microbiota takes part in cancer development, progression, and treatment. This review summarizes recent literature on the relationship between the gut microbiome and cancer immunology. The findings suggest the existence of a "symbiotic microecosystem" formed by gut microbiota, metabolome, and host immunome that is fundamental for the pathogenesis analysis and the development of therapeutic strategies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenni Chen
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guiyu Li
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Bisheng Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianhua Yue
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Siye Yang
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Linlin Xie
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Classical Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Luzhou, China
| | - Yiguan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Junning Zhao
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruirong Tan
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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Liu Y, Niu L, Li N, Wang Y, Liu M, Su X, Bao X, Yin B, Shen S. Bacterial-Mediated Tumor Therapy: Old Treatment in a New Context. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205641. [PMID: 36908053 PMCID: PMC10131876 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have brought hopes for precision cancer treatment. However, complex physiological barriers and tumor immunosuppression result in poor efficacy, side effects, and resistance to antitumor therapies. Bacteria-mediated antitumor therapy provides new options to address these challenges. Thanks to their special characteristics, bacteria have excellent ability to destroy tumor cells from the inside and induce innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses. Furthermore, bacterial components, including bacterial vesicles, spores, toxins, metabolites, and other active substances, similarly inherit their unique targeting properties and antitumor capabilities. Bacteria and their accessory products can even be reprogrammed to produce and deliver antitumor agents according to clinical needs. This review first discusses the role of different bacteria in the development of tumorigenesis and the latest advances in bacteria-based delivery platforms and the existing obstacles for application. Moreover, the prospect and challenges of clinical transformation of engineered bacteria are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repairand Regeneration of Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano ScienceTongji University School of MedicineShanghai200092P. R. China
- Pharmacy Department and Center for Medical Research and InnovationShanghai Pudong HospitalFudan University Pudong Medical CenterShanghai201399China
| | - Lili Niu
- Central LaboratoryFirst Affiliated HospitalInstitute (College) of Integrative MedicineDalian Medical UniversityDalian116021China
| | - Nannan Li
- Central LaboratoryFirst Affiliated HospitalInstitute (College) of Integrative MedicineDalian Medical UniversityDalian116021China
| | - Yang Wang
- Central LaboratoryFirst Affiliated HospitalInstitute (College) of Integrative MedicineDalian Medical UniversityDalian116021China
| | - Mingyang Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical University155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
| | - Xiaomin Su
- Central LaboratoryFirst Affiliated HospitalInstitute (College) of Integrative MedicineDalian Medical UniversityDalian116021China
| | - Xuhui Bao
- Institute for Therapeutic Cancer VaccinesFudan University Pudong Medical CenterShanghai201399China
| | - Bo Yin
- Institute for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines and Department of OncologyFudan University Pudong Medical CenterShanghai201399China
| | - Shun Shen
- Pharmacy Department and Center for Medical Research and InnovationShanghai Pudong HospitalFudan University Pudong Medical CenterShanghai201399China
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Salemi R, Vivarelli S, Ricci D, Scillato M, Santagati M, Gattuso G, Falzone L, Libra M. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG cell-free supernatant as a novel anti-cancer adjuvant. J Transl Med 2023; 21:195. [PMID: 36918929 PMCID: PMC10015962 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota modulation has been demonstrated to be effective in protecting patients against detrimental effects of anti-cancer therapies, as well as to improve the efficacy of certain anti-cancer treatments. Among the most characterized probiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is currently utilized in clinics to alleviate diarrhea, mucositis or intestinal damage which might be associated with several triggers, including Clostridium difficile infections, inflammatory gut diseases, antibiotic consumption, chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Here, we investigate whether LGG cell-free supernatant (LGG-SN) might exert anti-proliferative activity toward colon cancer and metastatic melanoma cells. Moreover, we assess the potential adjuvant effect of LGG-SN in combination with anti-cancer drugs. METHODS LGG-SN alone or in combination with either 5-Fuorouracil and Irinotecan was used to treat human colon and human melanoma cancer cell lines. Dimethylimidazol-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay was employed to detect cellular viability. Trypan blue staining, anti-cleaved caspase-3 and anti-total versus anti-cleaved PARP western blots, and annexin V/propidium iodide flow cytometry analyses were used to assess cell death. Flow cytometry measurement of cellular DNA content (with propidium iodide staining) together with qPCR analysis of cyclins expression were used to assess cell cycle. RESULTS We demonstrate that LGG-SN is able to selectively reduce the viability of cancer cells in a concentration-dependent way. While LGG-SN does not exert any anti-proliferative activity on control fibroblasts. In cancer cells, the reduction in viability is not associated with apoptosis induction, but with a mitotic arrest in the G2/M phase of cell cycle. Additionally, LGG-SN sensitizes cancer cells to both 5-Fluorouracil and Irinotecan, thereby showing a positive synergistic action. CONCLUSION Overall, our results suggest that LGG-SN may contain one or more bioactive molecules with anti-cancer activity which sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. Thus, LGG could be proposed as an ideal candidate for ground-breaking integrated approaches to be employed in oncology, to reduce chemotherapy-related side effects and overcome resistance or relapse issues, thus ameliorating the therapeutic response in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Salemi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of General Pathology, Clinics and Oncology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Vivarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of General Pathology, Clinics and Oncology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Imaging, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Daria Ricci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of General Pathology, Clinics and Oncology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marina Scillato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Santagati
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of General Pathology, Clinics and Oncology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of General Pathology, Clinics and Oncology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy. .,Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus administration to anorexigenic neuropeptides and some biochemical parameters on rats fed with a high-fat diet. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 166:106729. [PMID: 36914021 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM One of the rapidly rising global public health concern is obesity. Over the past three decades, the prevalence of obesity has doubled/tripled in several nations around the world, most likely as a result of urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, and increased intake of high-calorie processed foods. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus administration on rats exposed to high-fat diet experimentally on anorexigenic peptides in the brain and some biochemical parameters in the serum. METHODS In the study, 4 different experimental groups were formed. Group 1 was designated as the control group and fed with a standard rat chow (SD). Group 2 was designated as the high-fat diet (HFD) fed group. Group 3 fed with SD and L. acidophilus probiotic administered. Group 4 fed with HFD and L. acidophilus probiotic administered. At the end of the experiment, leptin, serotonin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels were measured in the brain tissue and serum. Glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), total protein (TP), albumin, uric acid, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were determined in the serum. RESULTS At the end of the study, it was found that there was an increase in body weight and body mass index in Group 2 compared to Group 1. It was determined that the levels of AST, ALT, TG, TC, glucose, leptin in the serum were significantly high (P < 0.05). The levels of GLP-1 and serotonin in the serum and in the brain were significantly low (P < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in TG and TC in Groups 3 and 4 compared to Group 2 (P < 0.05). The leptin hormone levels in serum and brain were significantly higher in Group 2 than in other groups (P < 0.05). GLP-1 and serotonin levels were found to be significantly low (P < 0.05). The leptin levels in the serum of Groups 3 and 4 decreased significantly compared to Group 2 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION It was found that probiotic supplementation in high-fat diet had positive effects on anorexigenic peptides. It was concluded that L. acidophilus probiotic can be recommended as a food supplement in the treatment of obesity.
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Xu S, Xiong Y, Fu B, Guo D, Sha Z, Lin X, Wu H. Bacteria and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1115556. [PMID: 36825088 PMCID: PMC9941202 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1115556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and microbial infections are significant worldwide health challenges. Numerous studies have demonstrated that bacteria may contribute to the emergence of cancer. In this review, we assemble bacterial species discovered in various cancers to describe their variety and specificity. The relationship between bacteria and macrophages in cancer is also highlighted, and we look for ample proof to establish a biological basis for bacterial-induced macrophage polarization. Finally, we quickly go over the potential roles of metabolites, cytokines, and microRNAs in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment by bacterially activated macrophages. The complexity of bacteria and macrophages in cancer will be revealed as we gain a better understanding of their pathogenic mechanisms, which will lead to new therapeutic approaches for both inflammatory illnesses and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beibei Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Sha
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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11
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Drobner JC, Lichtbroun BJ, Singer EA, Ghodoussipour S. Examining the Role of Microbiota-Centered Interventions in Cancer Therapeutics: Applications for Urothelial Carcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231164196. [PMID: 36938621 PMCID: PMC10028658 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231164196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern advances in genomic and molecular technologies have sparked substantial research on the human intestinal microbiome over the past decade. A deeper understanding of the microbiome has illuminated that dysbiosis, or a disruption in the microbiome, is associated with inflammatory disease states and carcinogenesis. Novel therapies that target the microbiome and restore healthy flora may have value in dampening the immunopathologic state induced by dysbiosis. A narrative review of the literature on the use of microbiota-centered interventions (MCIs) was conducted. Several randomized clinical trials show that MCIs can augment response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in patients with metastatic cancer. Clinical trials have also demonstrated that modulation of the intestinal microbiome can enhance recovery and reduce infectious complications in the surgical management of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Overall, these major discoveries suggest future clinical applications of MCIs for a wide range of immune-mediated conditions. These results may also translate to improved patient outcomes in systemic immunotherapy for urothelial carcinoma as well as in patients recovering from radical cystectomy (RC), which is complicated by high infection rates. Further research is needed to evaluate the optimal bacterial composition of microbiota-centered therapies and the specific cellular changes that lead to improved tumor antigen recognition after microbiota-centered therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake C Drobner
- Division of Urologic Oncology, 145249Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and 549472Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Benjamin J Lichtbroun
- Division of Urologic Oncology, 145249Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and 549472Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Eric A Singer
- Division of Urologic Oncology, 549472The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Saum Ghodoussipour
- Division of Urologic Oncology, 145249Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and 549472Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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12
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Friedrich V, Choi HW. The Urinary Microbiome: Role in Bladder Cancer and Treatment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092068. [PMID: 36140470 PMCID: PMC9497549 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Commensal microbes have increasingly been found to be involved in the development and progression of cancer. The recent discovery of the urinary microbiome bolstered the notion that microbes might play a role in bladder cancer. Although microbial involvement in bladder neoplastic transformation and metastatic progression, except schisto somiasis, has not been established, accumulating research suggests that dysbiosis of the urinary microbiome can produce a chronically inflammatory urothelial microenvironment and lead to bladder cancer. In this review, we describe how the urinary microbiome might facilitate the development of bladder cancer by altering the host immune system and the kind of cytokines that are directly involved in these responses. We investigated the therapeutic possibilities of modulating the urinary microbiome, including immune checkpoint therapy. The responsiveness of patients to intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy was evaluated with respect to microbiome composition. We conclude by noting that the application of microbes to orchestrate the inflammatory response in the bladder may facilitate the development of treatments for bladder cancer.
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13
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An Electrochemical Immunoassay for Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Using Cu@Cu2O Nanoparticle-Embedded B, N, Co-doped Porous Carbon. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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14
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Min K, Kim HT, Lee EH, Park H, Ha YS. Bacteria for Treatment: Microbiome in Bladder Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081783. [PMID: 35892683 PMCID: PMC9332069 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body contains a variety of microbes. The distribution of microbes varies from organ to organ. Sequencing and bioinformatics techniques have revolutionized microbial research. Although previously considered to be sterile, the urinary bladder contains various microbes. Several studies have used urine and bladder tissues to reveal the microbiome of the urinary bladder. Lactic acid-producing bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Lactococcus, are particularly beneficial for human health and are linked to bladder cancer. This review highlights the analysis protocols for microbiome research, the studies undertaken to date, and the microbes with therapeutic potential in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungchan Min
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea;
| | - Hyun Tae Kim
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Eun Hye Lee
- Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea;
| | - Hansoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.P.); (Y.-S.H.)
| | - Yun-Sok Ha
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.P.); (Y.-S.H.)
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15
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Xie YJ, Huang M, Li D, Hou JC, Liang HH, Nasim AA, Huang JM, Xie C, Leung ELH, Fan XX. Bacteria-based nanodrug for anticancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106282. [PMID: 35662630 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria-based immunotherapy has become a promising strategy to induce innate and adaptive responses for fighting cancer. The advantages of bacteriolytic tumor therapy mainly lie in stimulation of innate immunity and colonization of some bacteria targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME). These bacteria have cytotoxic proteins and immune modulating factors that can effectively restrain tumor growth. However, cancer is a multifactorial disease and single therapy is typically unable to eradicate tumors. Rapid progress has been made in combining bacteria with nanotechnology. Using the nanomolecular properties of bacterial products for tumor treatment preserves many features from the original bacteria while providing some unique advantages. Nano-bacterial therapy can enhance permeability and retention of drugs, increase the tolerability of the targeted drugs, promote the release of immune cell mediators, and induce immunogenic cell death pathways. In addition, combining nano-bacterial mediated antitumor therapeutic systems with modern therapy is an effective strategy for overcoming existing barriers in antitumor treatment and can achieve satisfactory therapeutic efficacy. Overall, exploring the immune antitumor characteristics of adjuvant clinical treatment with bacteria can provide potential efficacious treatment strategies for combatting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jia Xie
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Min Huang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Dan Li
- Beijing Wante'er Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 32 Yard, East 2nd Road, Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou District, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Cai Hou
- Beijing Wante'er Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 32 Yard, East 2nd Road, Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou District, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Hai Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ali Adnan Nasim
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ju-Min Huang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Chun Xie
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xing-Xing Fan
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
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16
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Barta DG, Cornea-Cipcigan M, Margaoan R, Vodnar DC. Biotechnological Processes Simulating the Natural Fermentation Process of Bee Bread and Therapeutic Properties-An Overview. Front Nutr 2022; 9:871896. [PMID: 35571893 PMCID: PMC9097220 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.871896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent signs of progress in functional foods and nutraceuticals highlighted the favorable impact of bioactive molecules on human health and longevity. As an outcome of the fermentation process, an increasing interest is developed in bee products. Bee bread (BB) is a different product intended for humans and bees, resulting from bee pollen's lactic fermentation in the honeycombs, abundant in polyphenols, nutrients (vitamins and proteins), fatty acids, and minerals. BB conservation is correlated to bacteria metabolites, mainly created by Pseudomonas spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Saccharomyces spp., which give lactic acid bacteria the ability to outperform other microbial groups. Because of enzymatic transformations, the fermentation process increases the content of new compounds. After the fermentation process is finalized, the meaningful content of lactic acid and several metabolites prevent the damage caused by various pathogens that could influence the quality of BB. Over the last few years, there has been an increase in bee pollen fermentation processes to unconventional dietary and functional supplements. The use of the chosen starters improves the bioavailability and digestibility of bioactive substances naturally found in bee pollen. As a consequence of enzymatic changes, the fermentation process enhances BB components and preserves them against loss of characteristics. In this aspect, the present review describes the current biotechnological advancements in the development of BB rich in beneficial components derived from bee pollen fermentation and its use as a food supplement and probiotic product with increased shelf life and multiple health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gabriel Barta
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaiela Cornea-Cipcigan
- Advanced Horticultural Research Institute of Transylvania, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rodica Margaoan
- Advanced Horticultural Research Institute of Transylvania, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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17
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Sun B, Bte Rahmat JN, Kim HJ, Mahendran R, Esuvaranathan K, Chiong E, Ho JS, Neoh KG, Zhang Y. Wirelessly Activated Nanotherapeutics for In Vivo Programmable Photodynamic-Chemotherapy of Orthotopic Bladder Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200731. [PMID: 35393785 PMCID: PMC9165499 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a promising intervention using photodynamic therapy (PDT) to enhance the activity of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, current bladder cancer treatments involve high-dose chemotherapy and high-irradiance PDT which cause debilitating side effects. Moreover, low penetration of light and drugs in target tissues and cumbersome light delivery procedures hinder the clinical utility of PDT and chemotherapy combination for PCI. To circumvent these challenges, a photodynamic-chemotherapy approach is developed comprising tumor-targeting glycosylated nanocarriers, coloaded with chlorin e6 (Ce6) and gemcitabine elaidate (GemE), and a miniaturized implantable wirelessly powered light-emitting diode (LED) as a light source. The device successfully delivers four weekly light doses to the bladder while the nanocarrier promoted the specific accumulation of drugs in tumors. This approach facilitates the combination of low-irradiance PDT (1 mW cm-2 ) and low-dose chemotherapy (≈1500× lower than clinical dose) which significantly cures and controls orthotopic disease burden (90% treated vs control, 35%) in mice, demonstrating a potential new bladder cancer treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringCollege of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117585Singapore
| | - Juwita Norasmara Bte Rahmat
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
| | - Han Joon Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCollege of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
| | - Ratha Mahendran
- Department of SurgeryYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore119228Singapore
| | - Kesavan Esuvaranathan
- Department of SurgeryYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore119228Singapore
- Department of UrologyNational University Health SystemSingapore119228Singapore
| | - Edmund Chiong
- Department of SurgeryYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore119228Singapore
- Department of UrologyNational University Health SystemSingapore119228Singapore
| | - John S. Ho
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCollege of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and TechnologyNational University of SingaporeSingapore119276Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for HealthNational University of SingaporeSingapore117456Singapore
| | - Koon Gee Neoh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringCollege of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117585Singapore
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
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18
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Zoqlam R, Lazauskaite S, Glickman S, Zaitseva L, Ilie PC, Qi S. Emerging molecular mechanisms and genetic targets for developing novel therapeutic strategies for treating bladder diseases. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 173:106167. [PMID: 35304859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Bladder diseases affect millions of patients worldwide and compromise their quality of life with a substantial economic impact. The not fully understood aetiologies of bladder diseases limit the current diagnosis and therapeutic options to primarily symptomatic treatment. In addition, bladder targeted drug delivery is challenging due to its unique anatomical features and its natural physiological function of urine storage and frequent voiding. Therefore, current treatment options often fail to provide a highly effective, precisely targeted and long-lasting treatment. With the growing maturity of gene therapy, comprehensive studies are needed to provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning bladder diseases and help to identify novel gene therapeutic targets and biomarkers for treating bladder diseases. In this review, molecular mechanisms involved in pathology of bladder cancer, interstitial cystitis and overactive bladder syndrome are reviewed, with focus on establishing potential novel treatment options. Proposed novel therapies, including gene therapy combined with nanotechnology, localised drug delivery by nanoparticles, and probiotics, are discussed in regard to their safety profiles, efficacy, treatment lenght, precise targeting, and in comparison to conventional treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa Zoqlam
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Lazauskaite
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Petre-Cristian Ilie
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital King's Lynn NHS Foundation Trust, King's Lynn PE30 4ET, United Kingdom
| | - Sheng Qi
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
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19
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Si W, Liang H, Bugno J, Xu Q, Ding X, Yang K, Fu Y, Weichselbaum RR, Zhao X, Wang L. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG induces cGAS/STING- dependent type I interferon and improves response to immune checkpoint blockade. Gut 2022; 71:521-533. [PMID: 33685966 PMCID: PMC8710942 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our goals were to evaluate the antitumour efficacy of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapies on tumour growth and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. DESIGN We used murine models of colorectal cancer and melanoma to evaluate whether oral administration of LGG improves the efficacy of ICB therapies. We performed the whole genome shotgun metagenome sequencing of intestinal contents and RNA sequencing of dendritic cells (DCs). In a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments, we further defined the immunological and molecular mechanisms of LGG-mediated antitumour immunity. RESULTS We demonstrate that oral administration of live LGG augmented the antitumour activity of anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy by increasing tumour-infiltrating DCs and T cells. Moreover, the combination treatment shifted the gut microbial community towards enrichment in Lactobacillus murinus and Bacteroides uniformis, that are known to increase DC activation and CD8+tumour recruitment. Mechanistically, treatment with live LGG alone or in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody triggered type I interferon (IFN) production in DCs, enhancing the cross-priming of antitumour CD8+ T cells. In DCs, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of IFN genes (STING) was required for IFN-β induction in response to LGG, as evidenced by the significant decrease in IFN-β levels in cGAS or STING-deficient DCs. LGG induces IFN-β production via the cGAS/STING/TANK binding kinase 1/interferon regulatory factor 7 axis in DCs. CONCLUSION Our findings have offered valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms of live LGG-mediated antitumour immunity and establish an empirical basis for developing oral administration of live LGG as a combination agent with ICB for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Si
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA,The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jason Bugno
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA,The Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xingchen Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Kaiting Yang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA,The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yanbin Fu
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA,The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA .,The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA .,The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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20
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Qiu Y, Gao Y, Chen C, Xie M, Huang P, Sun Q, Zhou Z, Li B, Zhao J, Wu P. Deciphering the influence of urinary microbiota on FoxP3+ regulatory T cell infiltration and prognosis in Chinese patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Hum Cell 2022; 35:511-521. [PMID: 35032011 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing evidence that dysbiosis of urinary microbiota is closely correlated with bladder cancer, the influence of the urinary microbiota on immune evasion and tumor growth in bladder cancer is unknown. This study investigated whether the urinary microbiota influences intratumoral infiltration of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells, expression of Ki-67 and clinical prognosis in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Forty male patients, including 12 and 28 with or without recurrence, respectively, were retrospectively enrolled. Midstream urine samples were preoperatively collected. Urinary microbiota composition was analyzed by 16s rDNA sequencing. Alpha and beta diversities were measured. LEfSe analysis was employed to identify specific bacteria associated with recurrence. Intratumoral infiltration of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells and Ki-67 expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Patients with recurrence had higher α-diversity compared to those without (Shannon Index, P = 0.0007, Simpson Index, P = 0.0004). Distinct beta diversity was observed between recurrence and non-recurrence groups (weighted Unifrac P = 0.02; unweighted Unifrac P = 0.001). LEfSe analysis showed that the recurrence group displayed marked enrichment of Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, and Acinetobacter genera. Patients with higher alpha diversity had elevated Ki-67 expression than those with lower alpha diversity (P = 0.0194), although microbial diversity was unassociated with infiltration of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (P = 0.1653). Patients with lower urinary microbial diversity had prolonged recurrence-free survival compared to those with higher diversity. Perturbation of urinary microbiota may induce immune evasion and tumor growth, eventually contributing to unfavorable outcomes. Additional study is warranted to confirm a causal role of urinary microbiota in modulating antitumor immune response and survival in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Qiu
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubo Gao
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiao Chen
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Xie
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Huang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhou
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Clinical Microbiota Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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21
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Panpetch W, Visitchanakun P, Saisorn W, Sawatpanich A, Chatthanathon P, Somboonna N, Tumwasorn S, Leelahavanichkul A. Lactobacillus rhamnosus attenuates Thai chili extracts induced gut inflammation and dysbiosis despite capsaicin bactericidal effect against the probiotics, a possible toxicity of high dose capsaicin. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261189. [PMID: 34941893 PMCID: PMC8699716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of a possible impact of capsaicin in the high concentrations on enterocyte injury (cytotoxicity) and bactericidal activity on probiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus L34 (L34) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), the probiotics derived from Thai and Caucasian population, respectively, were tested in the chili-extract administered C57BL/6 mice and in vitro experiments. In comparison with placebo, 2 weeks administration of the extract from Thai chili in mice caused loose feces and induced intestinal permeability defect as indicated by FITC-dextran assay and the reduction in tight junction molecules (occludin and zona occludens-1) using fluorescent staining and gene expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Additionally, the chili extracts also induced the translocation of gut pathogen molecules; lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and (1→3)-β-d-glucan (BG) and fecal dysbiosis (microbiome analysis), including reduced Firmicutes, increased Bacteroides, and enhanced total Gram-negative bacteria in feces. Both L34 and LGG attenuated gut barrier defect (FITC-dextran, the fluorescent staining and gene expression of tight junction molecules) but not improved fecal consistency. Additionally, high concentrations of capsaicin (0.02-2 mM) damage enterocytes (Caco-2 and HT-29) as indicated by cell viability test, supernatant cytokine (IL-8), transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and transepithelial FITC-dextran (4.4 kDa) but were attenuated by Lactobacillus condition media (LCM) from both probiotic-strains. The 24 h incubation with 2 mM capsaicin (but not the lower concentrations) reduced the abundance of LGG (but not L34) implying a higher capsaicin tolerance of L34. However, Lactobacillus rhamnosus fecal abundance, using qRT-PCR, of L34 or LGG after 3, 7, and 20 days of the administration in the Thai healthy volunteers demonstrated the similarity between both strains. In conclusion, high dose chili extracts impaired gut permeability and induced gut dysbiosis but were attenuated by probiotics. Despite a better capsaicin tolerance of L34 compared with LGG in vitro, L34 abundance in feces was not different to LGG in the healthy volunteers. More studies on probiotics with a higher intake of chili in human are interesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wimonrat Panpetch
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peerapat Visitchanakun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wilasinee Saisorn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ajcharaporn Sawatpanich
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piraya Chatthanathon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naraporn Somboonna
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Microbiome Research Unit for Probiotics in Food and Cosmetics, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somying Tumwasorn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (AL); (ST)
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (AL); (ST)
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Tham SM, Rahmat JN, Chiong E, Wu Q, Esuvaranathan K, Mahendran R. Intravesical High Dose BCG Tokyo and Low Dose BCG Tokyo with GMCSF+IFN α Induce Systemic Immunity in a Murine Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121766. [PMID: 34944584 PMCID: PMC8698822 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates a short therapy schedule for bladder cancer using BCG Tokyo. BCG Tokyo was evaluated in vitro using bone marrow derived dendritic cells, neutrophils, RAW macrophages and the murine bladder cancer cell line, MB49PSA, and compared to other BCG strains. BCG Tokyo > BCG TICE at inducing cytokine production. In vivo, high dose (1 × 107 colony forming units (cfu)) and low dose (1 × 106 cfu) BCG Tokyo with and without cytokine genes (GMCSF + IFNα) were evaluated in C57BL/6J mice (n = 12–16 per group) with orthotopically implanted MB49PSA cells. Mice were treated with four instillations of cytokine gene therapy and BCG therapy. Both high dose BCG alone and low dose BCG combined with cytokine gene therapy were similarly effective. In the second part the responsive groups, mice (n = 27) were monitored by urinary PSA analysis for a further 7 weeks after therapy cessation. More mice were cured at day 84 than at day 42 confirming activation of the immune system. Cured mice resisted the re-challenge with subcutaneous tumors unlike naïve, age matched mice. Antigen specific T cells recognizing BCG, HY and PSA were identified. Thus, fewer intravesical instillations, with high dose BCG Tokyo or low dose BCG Tokyo with GMCSF + IFNα gene therapy, can induce effective systemic immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Mun Tham
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 8, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (S.M.T.); (J.N.R.); (E.C.); (K.E.)
| | - Juwita N. Rahmat
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 8, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (S.M.T.); (J.N.R.); (E.C.); (K.E.)
- Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Edmund Chiong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 8, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (S.M.T.); (J.N.R.); (E.C.); (K.E.)
- Department of Urology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Qinghui Wu
- Department of Urology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Kesavan Esuvaranathan
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 8, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (S.M.T.); (J.N.R.); (E.C.); (K.E.)
- Department of Urology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Ratha Mahendran
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 8, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (S.M.T.); (J.N.R.); (E.C.); (K.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6601-3982; Fax: +65-6777-8427
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Chattopadhyay I, Nandi D, Nag A. The pint- sized powerhouse: Illuminating the mighty role of the gut microbiome in improving the outcome of anti- cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 70:98-111. [PMID: 32739479 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer persists as a major health catastrophe and a leading cause of widespread mortality across every nation. Research of several decades has increased our understanding of the pivotal pathways and key players of the host during tumor development and progression, which has enabled generation of precision therapeutics with improved efficacy. Despite such tremendous advancements in our combat against this fatal disease, a majority of the cancer patients suffer from poor tumor- free survival owing to the increased incidence of recurrent tumor. This is primarily due to the development of resistance against contemporary anti- cancer strategies. Recent studies have pointed towards the involvement of the human symbiotic gut microbiota in regulating the outcome of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. It does so primarily by modulating the metabolism of the drugs and host immune response, thereby enhancing the efficacy and ameliorating the toxicity. The interactions between the therapeutic agents, microbial community and host immunity may provide a new avenue for the clinical management of cancer. In addition, consumption of dietary pro-, pre- and synbiotics has been recognized to confer protection against tumor genesis and also promote improved response to traditional tumor suppressive strategies. Naturally, the use of various combinatorial regimes containing dietary supplements that improve the gut microbiome in amalgamation with conventional cancer treatment methods may significantly augment the therapeutic outcome of cancer patients and circumnavigate the resistance mechanisms that confound traditional therapies. In this review, we have summarized the role of the gut microbiome, which is the largest assembly of commensals within the human body, in regulating the efficacy and toxicity of various existing anti- cancer therapies including chemotherapy, immunotherapy and surgery. Furthermore, we have discussed how novel strategies integrating the application of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and antibiotics in combination with the aforementioned anti- cancer modules manipulate the gut microbiota and, therefore, augment their therapeutic outcome. Together, such innovative anti- tumorigenic approaches may prove highly effective in improving the prognosis of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Chattopadhyay
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610001, India.
| | - Deeptashree Nandi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Alo Nag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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Bilski K, Dobruch J, Kozikowski M, Skrzypczyk MA, Oszczudłowski M, Ostrowski J. Urobiome in Gender-Related Diversities of Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124488. [PMID: 32599810 PMCID: PMC7349933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) remains the most common malignancy of urinary tract. Sex-related differences in BC epidemiology, diagnosis, therapy, and outcomes have been reported. Throughout the recent years, extensive research has been devoted to genetic and molecular alterations in BC. Apart from the molecular background, another related concept which has been speculated to contribute to gender diversities in BC is the role of urinary pathogens in bladder carcinogenesis. Microbiome studies, fueled by the availability of high-throughput DNA-based techniques, have shown that perturbation in the microbiome is associated with various human diseases. The aim of this review is to comprehensively analyze the current literature according to sex-related differences in the microbiome composition in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Bilski
- Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Independent Public Hospital of Professor W. Orlowski, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (M.K.); (M.A.S.); (M.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jakub Dobruch
- Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Independent Public Hospital of Professor W. Orlowski, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (M.K.); (M.A.S.); (M.O.)
| | - Mieszko Kozikowski
- Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Independent Public Hospital of Professor W. Orlowski, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (M.K.); (M.A.S.); (M.O.)
| | - Michał A. Skrzypczyk
- Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Independent Public Hospital of Professor W. Orlowski, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (M.K.); (M.A.S.); (M.O.)
| | - Maciej Oszczudłowski
- Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Independent Public Hospital of Professor W. Orlowski, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (M.K.); (M.A.S.); (M.O.)
| | - Jerzy Ostrowski
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
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Bi H, Tian Y, Song C, Li J, Liu T, Chen Z, Chen C, Huang Y, Zhang Y. Urinary microbiota - a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for bladder cancer. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:1471-1478. [PMID: 31418671 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To identify potential biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets for bladder cancer we characterized and analysed the composition of the urinary microbiota from bladder cancer and non-cancer patients.Methodology. In this study, we collected urine samples from 29 bladder cancer patients and 26 non-cancer patients. To avoid contamination and the impact of antibiotics, urine specimens were collected in a clean manner prior to antibiotic administration. Using the amplicon-based next-generation sequencing approach, the potential determinant bacteria were estimated in a between-group comparison. The results illustrated the differences in microbiota abundance among cancer and non-cancer patients and the overall number of cases carrying these bacteria.Results. We found that the urine samples contained a conserved microbiota with four phyla (Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes), which accounted for 94.4 % of bacteria in all cases. Comparing the microbiota between the bladder cancer and control group, five genera of bacteria (Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Veillonella and Actinomyces) existed in all samples, but with significant intergroup differences (P<0.05). The bladder cancer patients presented with a higher abundance of Actinomyces, while the other strains were enriched in the control group. A higher abundance of Actinomyces europaeus was also observed in the bladder cancer group compared to the control group.Conclusion. The samples collected from the bladder cancer patients displayed a significantly different pattern relative to those from the control group. The higher abundance of A. europaeus observed in bladder cancer patient samples also suggests that the strain may be indicative of bladder cancer. The urinary microbiota may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Bi
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Ya Tian
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Chuan Song
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, PR China
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Yunda E, Quilès F. In situ spectroscopic analysis of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG flow on an abiotic surface reveals a role for nutrients in biofilm development. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:494-507. [PMID: 31177828 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1617279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor the changes in the biochemical composition of biofilms of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in three nutritive media (10-fold diluted MRS, AOAC, and mTSB), in situ and under flow conditions. Epifluorescence microscopy was used to observe the shape of LGG cells and their distribution on the surface. Spectroscopic fingerprints recorded as a function of time revealed a medium-dependent content of nucleic acids, phospholipids and polysaccharides in the biofilms. In addition, time-dependent synthesis of lactic acid was observed in MRS/10 and AOAC/10. Polysaccharides were produced to the highest extent in mTSB/10, and the biofilms obtained were the densest in this medium. The rod shape of the cells was preserved in MRS/10, whereas acidic stress induced in AOAC/10 and the nutritional quality of mTSB/10 led to strong morphological changes. These alterations due to the nutritive environment are important to consider in research and use of LGG biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Yunda
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement, Université de Lorraine , Villers-lès-Nancy , France
- Institut Jean Lamour, Université de Lorraine , Nancy , France
| | - Fabienne Quilès
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement, Université de Lorraine , Villers-lès-Nancy , France
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The Microbiome and Genitourinary Cancer: A Collaborative Review. Eur Urol 2019; 75:637-646. [PMID: 30655087 PMCID: PMC9774685 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2018.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The recent discovery of the existence of a human genitourinary microbiome has led to the investigation of its role in mediating the pathogenesis of genitourinary malignancies, including bladder, kidney, and prostate cancers. Furthermore, although it is largely recognized that members of the gastrointestinal microbiota are actively involved in drug metabolism, new studies demonstrate additional roles and the potential necessity of the gastrointestinal microbiota in dictating cancer treatment response. OBJECTIVE To summarize the current evidence of a mechanistic role for the genitourinary and gastrointestinal microbiome in genitourinary cancer initiation and treatment response. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We conducted a literature search up to October 2018. Search terms included microbiome, microbiota, urinary microbiome, bladder cancer, urothelial carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, kidney cancer, testicular cancer, and prostate cancer. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS There is preliminary evidence to implicate the members of the genitourinary microbiota as causative factors or cofactors in genitourinary malignancy. Likewise, the current evidence for gastrointestinal microbes in dictating cancer treatment response is mainly correlative; however, we provide examples where therapeutic agents used for the treatment of genitourinary cancers are affected by the human-associated microbiota, or vice versa. Clinical trials, such as fecal microbiota transplant to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy, are currently underway. CONCLUSIONS The role of the microbiome in genitourinary cancer is an emerging field that merits further studies. Translating microbiome research into clinical action will require incorporation of microbiome surveillance into ongoing and future clinical trials as well as expansion of studies to include metagenomic sequencing and metabolomics. PATIENT SUMMARY This review covers recent evidence that microbial populations that reside in the genitourinary tract-and were previously not known to exist-may influence the development of genitourinary malignancies including bladder, kidney, and prostate cancers. Furthermore, microbial populations that exist at sites outside of the genitourinary tract, such as those that reside in our gut, may influence cancer development and/or treatment response.
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28
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Castellani C, Singer G, Eibisberger M, Obermüller B, Warncke G, Miekisch W, Kolb-Lenz D, Summer G, Pauer TM, ElHaddad A, Kashofer K, Till H. The effects of neuroblastoma and chemotherapy on metabolism, fecal microbiome, volatile organic compounds, and gut barrier function in a murine model. Pediatr Res 2019; 85:546-555. [PMID: 30696986 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0283-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following transplantation of human neuroblastoma (NB) cells into athymic mice, we investigated the effects of tumor growth and cyclophosphamide (CTX) treatment on systemic metabolism, gut inflammation and permeability, fecal microbiome and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). METHODS NB cells (MHH-NB11) were implanted into athymic mice (n=20); 20 healthy mice served as controls (sham). CTX was given to 20 animals (10 NB and 10 sham) after 8 and 9 weeks. Metabolic changes were measured. Ileum samples were obtained for RT-PCR (claudins 2 and 4, occludin, tight junction protein 1) and apoptosis rate determination. Fecal microbiome and VOCs were analyzed. Values were compared to sham animals. RESULTS NB caused reduction of adipose tissue, increases of IL-6 and TNF-α, and decreases of TGF-β1 and -β2. Serum FITC-dextrane levels were increased in NB and improved under CTX. Claudin 4 expression was higher in NB versus NB + CTX and sham animals. NB caused increased apoptosis of epithelial cells. NB but also CTX led to a reduction in the abundance of Lactobacillus. NB led to alterations of the fecal VOC profile. CONCLUSIONS NB caused a catabolic pro-inflammatory state, increased gut permeability, altered fecal VOCs and reductions of Lactobacillus. Further investigations are required to determine if modifications of the intestinal microbiome may reverse some of the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Castellani
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Singer
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Margarita Eibisberger
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Beate Obermüller
- Department of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gert Warncke
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfram Miekisch
- Experimental Research Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dagmar Kolb-Lenz
- Core Facility Ultra-Structure Analysis, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gregor Summer
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Theresa M Pauer
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ahmed ElHaddad
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Kashofer
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Holger Till
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Abstract
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) was the first strain belonging to the genus Lactobacillus to be patented in 1989 thanks to its ability to survive and to proliferate at gastric acid pH and in medium containing bile, and to adhere to enterocytes. Furthermore LGG is able to produces both a biofilm that can mechanically protect the mucosa, and different soluble factors beneficial to the gut by enhancing intestinal crypt survival, diminishing apoptosis of the intestinal epithelium, and preserving cytoskeletal integrity. Moreover LGG thanks to its lectin-like protein 1 and 2 inhibits some pathogens such as Salmonella species. Finally LGG is able to promote type 1 immune-responsiveness by reducing the expression of several activation and inflammation markers on monocytes and by increasing the production of interleukin-10, interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-α in macrophages. A large number of research data on Lactobacillus GG is the basis for the use of this probiotic for human health. In this review we have considered predominantly randomized controlled trials, meta-analysis, Cochrane Review, guide lines of Scientific Societies and anyway studies whose results were evaluated by means of relative risk, odds ratio, weighted mean difference 95% confidence interval. The effectiveness of LGG in gastrointestinal infections and diarrhea, antibiotic and Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, respiratory tract infections, allergy, cardiovascular diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cystic fibrosis, cancer, elderly end sport were analyzed.
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30
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Bučević Popović V, Šitum M, Chow CET, Chan LS, Roje B, Terzić J. The urinary microbiome associated with bladder cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12157. [PMID: 30108246 PMCID: PMC6092344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29054-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that human microbiome can influence the development of cancer, but the role of microorganisms in bladder cancer pathogenesis has not been explored yet. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare the urinary microbiome of bladder cancer patients with those of healthy controls. Bacterial communities present in urine specimens collected from 12 male patients diagnosed with bladder cancer, and from 11 healthy, age-matched individuals were analysed using 16S sequencing. Our results show that the most abundant phylum in both groups was Firmicutes, followed by Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. While microbial diversity and overall microbiome composition were not significantly different between groups, we could identify operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that were more abundant in either group. Among those that were significantly enriched in the bladder cancer group, we identified an OTU belonging to genus Fusobacterium, a possible protumorigenic pathogen. In an independent sample of 42 bladder cancer tissues, 11 had Fusobacterium nucleatum sequences detected by PCR. Three OTUs from genera Veillonella, Streptococcus and Corynebacterium were more abundant in healthy urines. However, due to the limited number of participants additional studies are needed to determine if urinary microbiome is associated with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marijan Šitum
- University Hospital Split, Department of Urology, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Luisa S Chan
- Second Genome, Inc., San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Blanka Roje
- University of Split, School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Split, Croatia
| | - Janoš Terzić
- University of Split, School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Split, Croatia.
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Tsukahara T, Nakamura SI, Romero-Pèrez GA, Ohwaki M, Yanagisawa T, Kan T. Stimulation of murine cell-mediated immunity by dietary administration of a cell preparation of Enterococcus faecalis strain KH-2 and its possible activity against tumour development in mice. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2018; 37:49-57. [PMID: 30094120 PMCID: PMC6081610 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.17-021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that dietary lactic acid bacteria (LAB) stimulate cell-mediated immunity such as natural killer (NK) activity in mice. Here, we aimed to assay the immunomodulatory effects of a cell preparation of Enterococcus faecalis strain KH-2 (CPEF). We further evaluated the possibility of antitumour activity caused by CPEF administration, because NK cells actively participate in the prevention of tumour formation. NK cell activity and gene expression of IFN-γ and Perforin 1, which were induced most likely by a synergetic action of their cytotoxic activity, were higher in splenocytes of CPEF-administered mice than they were in control mice. Moreover, unlike those of control mice, the splenocytes of CPEF-administered mice had significantly higher CD28+CD69+/CD4+ and CD28+CD69+/CD8+ ratios that resulted in a survival rate with a tendency toward improvement after 47 days of CPEF administration (p=0.1) in Meth-A fibrosarcoma-bearing mice. In conclusion, we showed that CPEF might be effective in treating Meth-A fibrosarcoma in mice, as it helped increase their survival rate via stimulation of an immune response in splenocytes, which involved systemic cellular immunity processes such as cytotoxic activity, and active T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Tsukahara
- Kyoto Institute of Nutrition and Pathology, 7-2 Furuikedani, Ujitawara-cho, Tsuzuki-gun, Kyoto 610-0231, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Nakamura
- Kyoto Institute of Nutrition and Pathology, 7-2 Furuikedani, Ujitawara-cho, Tsuzuki-gun, Kyoto 610-0231, Japan
| | - Gustavo A Romero-Pèrez
- Kyoto Institute of Nutrition and Pathology, 7-2 Furuikedani, Ujitawara-cho, Tsuzuki-gun, Kyoto 610-0231, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohwaki
- Non-Profit Organisation, The Japanese Association of Clinical Research on Supplements, 1-9-24 Shihogi, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1248, Japan
| | - Takaharu Yanagisawa
- Broma Laboratory Ltd., 1-26 Kandasuda-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0041, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kan
- Bio-Lab Co., Ltd., 2-1-3 Komagawa, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1249, Japan
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Banna GL, Torino F, Marletta F, Santagati M, Salemi R, Cannarozzo E, Falzone L, Ferraù F, Libra M. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG: An Overview to Explore the Rationale of Its Use in Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:603. [PMID: 28919861 PMCID: PMC5585742 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the western world. In the era of precision medicine, a significant number of cancer patients can be cured with several anti-cancer therapeutic regimens. However, therapy failure may be caused by treatment side effects, such as diarrhea, especially occurring in patients with gastrointestinal or pelvic malignancies. In particular, diarrhea is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal toxicity during cancer treatment and it can result from nearly bot chemo- and radio-therapeutic strategies currently used. Diarrhea has a serious impact on patients’ quality of life and treatment dosing and schedule modification due to its severity can negatively influence treatment outcomes. In this context, probiotics may play an interesting role in several human diseases with an inflammatory bowel involvement and, among these, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is one of the most characterized and utilized. In particular, LGG is able to reverse intestinal dysbiosis and moderate diarrhea. Moreover, preclinical studies have documented its effects in reducing chronic inflammation associated with cancer development. This review summarizes the preclinical results of LGG on cancer cells proliferation and tumor invasion as well as the potential role of LGG use in cancer patients for the prevention and management of diarrhea associated with cancer treatment. Overall, these encouraging data support further investigation on the use of LGG in stratified patients undergoing specific therapeutic protocols, including chemotherapy and pelvic radiotherapy, in order to reduce the development of severe diarrhea and thus improve the adherence to the therapy and patients’ quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Torino
- Department of Systems Medicine, Chair of Medical Oncology, Tor Vergata University of RomeRome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Santagati
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Rossella Salemi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Functional Genomics, Section of General and Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Elisa Cannarozzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Functional Genomics, Section of General and Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Luca Falzone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Functional Genomics, Section of General and Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferraù
- Division of Medical Oncology, San Vincenzo HospitalTaormina, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Functional Genomics, Section of General and Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
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Probiotic species in the modulation of the anticancer immune response. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:182-190. [PMID: 28844794 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidences are supporting a key role of distinct gut bacteria in the occurrence and progression of intestinal and extra-intestinal tumors. More importantly, it has been recently demonstrated that some gut bacteria strains synergize with largely-used anticancer drugs as alkylating or immune checkpoint blockade agents thus optimizing the immune response against multiple solid cancers. However, the exact role played by each gut bacterium in cancer occurrence and response to therapy is still in its infancy; and the current knowledge, although exciting, still needs to be transferred from mice models to human beings. Here, the advances in the understanding of how gut microbes and immune response shape each other in a cancer context are reviewed together with the implications of these finding for future antitumor therapy. Herein, the most important bacteria strains, able to boost the immune response triggered by anticancer drugs, together with their mechanism of action, whenever known, have been surveyed. It is reasonable to think that cocktails of beneficial bacteria together with an ad hoc diet or food supplements may be used as novel anticancer adjuvant agents in future therapeutic regimens.
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Saxami G, Karapetsas A, Chondrou P, Vasiliadis S, Lamprianidou E, Kotsianidis I, Ypsilantis P, Botaitis S, Simopoulos C, Galanis A. Potentially probiotic Lactobacillus strains with anti-proliferative activity induce cytokine/chemokine production and neutrophil recruitment in mice. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:615-623. [PMID: 28618861 DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus pentosus B281 and Lactobacillus plantarum B282 are two Lactobacillus strains previously isolated from fermented table olives. Both strains were found to possess probiotic properties and displayed desirable technological characteristics for application as starters in novel functional food production. In the present study the anti-proliferative and immunostimulatory activities of the two strains were investigated. Firstly, we demonstrated that live L. pentosus B281 and L. plantarum B282 significantly inhibited the growth of human colon cancer cells (Caco-2) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. By employing the air pouch system in mice, we showed that administration of both strains led to a rapid and statistically significant infiltration of leukocytes in the air pouch exudates. The phenotypical characterisation of the recruited immune cells was performed by flow cytometry analysis. We demonstrated that the majority of the infiltrated leukocytes were neutrophils. Finally by using the Mouse Cytokine Array Panel A Detection Antibody cocktail, we showed that both strains induced the expression of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)-1, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)-3, CCL-4, and CXCL-2 and diminished the expression levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule, macrophage colony-stimulating factor and metallopeptidase inhibitor 1. Our results showed that both strains display anti-proliferative and immunostimulatory properties equal or even better in some cases than those of established and commonly used probiotic strains. These findings further support the probiotic character of the two strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Saxami
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - A Karapetsas
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - P Chondrou
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - S Vasiliadis
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - E Lamprianidou
- 2 Department of Hematology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - I Kotsianidis
- 2 Department of Hematology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - P Ypsilantis
- 3 Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - S Botaitis
- 3 Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - C Simopoulos
- 3 Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - A Galanis
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
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Lactobacilli enhance reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis-inducing signaling. Redox Biol 2017; 11:715-724. [PMID: 28193594 PMCID: PMC5310163 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
H2O2-producing lactobacilli in the vaginal fluid have been suggested to play a potential tumor-preventive role in addition to the control of undesirable microorganisms. As the vaginal fluid also contains a significant concentration of peroxidase that might utilize lactobacilli-derived H2O2 as substrate for HOCl synthesis, a dominant biological role of HOCl in both natural defence systems has been postulated. Our study shows that lactobacillus-derived H2O2 per se is not likely to be beneficial for the vaginal epithelium, as it causes apoptosis nonselectively in nontransformed as well as transformed cells. However, the combination of lactobacilli and peroxidase, i.e. the situation that is actually found in vivo, leads to the conversion of H2O2 to HOCl which does not affect non-malignant cells, as these do not generate extracellular superoxide anions. In contrast, malignant cells, due to their abundant extracellular superoxide anion generation allow the generation of apoptosis-inducing hydroxyl radicals through HOCl/superoxide anion interaction. In total, our data show that the combination of H2O2 -generating lactobacilli and peroxidase causes the selective elimination of malignant cells and thus might contribute to the tumorpreventive potential of lactobacilli. These findings are in good agreement with epidemiological data. The contribution of lactobacilli in this system can be completely mimicked by H2O2-generating glucose oxidase, indicating that it is fully explained by bacterial generation of H2O2. Lactobacillus-derived H2O2 induces apoptosis in nontransformed and transformed cells. MPO converts H2O2 into HOCl that exerts a selective apoptosis-inducing effect on malignant cells. Extracellular superoxide anions of malignant cells are crucial for selective apoptosis induction. A model for the tumor protective role of lactobacilli in the presence of peroxidase is presented.
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Genís S, Sánchez-Chardi A, Bach À, Fàbregas F, Arís A. A combination of lactic acid bacteria regulates Escherichia coli infection and inflammation of the bovine endometrium. J Dairy Sci 2016; 100:479-492. [PMID: 27837977 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Uterine function in cattle is compromised by bacterial contamination and inflammation after calving. The objective of this study was to select a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to decrease endometrium inflammation and Escherichia coli infection. Primary endometrial epithelial cells were cultured in vitro to select the most favorable LAB combination modulating basal tissue inflammation and E. coli infection. Supernatants were obtained to determine expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and E. coli infection was evaluated after harvesting the tissue and plate counting. The selected LAB combination was tested in uterus explants to assess its capacity to modulate basal and acute inflammation (associated with E. coli infection). The combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Pediococcus acidilactici, and Lactobacillus reuteri at a ratio of 25:25:2, respectively, reduced E. coli infection in vitro with (89.77%) or without basal tissue inflammation (95.10%) compared with single LAB strains. Lactic acid bacteria treatment reduced CXCL8 and IL1B expression 4.7- and 2.2-fold, respectively, under acute inflammation. Ex vivo, the tested LAB combination reduced acute inflammation under E. coli infection, decreasing IL-8, IL-1β, and IL-6 up to 2.2-, 2.5-, and 2.2-fold, respectively. In the total inflammation model, the LAB combination decreased IL-8 1.6-fold and IL-6 1.2-fold. Ultrastructural evaluation of the tissue suggested no direct interaction between the LAB and E. coli, although pathological effects of E. coli in endometrial cells were greatly diminished or even reversed by the LAB combination. This study shows the promising potential of LAB probiotics for therapeutic use against endometrial inflammation and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Genís
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Torre Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain 08140
| | | | - Àlex Bach
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Torre Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain 08140; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain 08010
| | - Francesc Fàbregas
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Torre Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain 08140
| | - Anna Arís
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Torre Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain 08140.
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Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Activation of Dendritic Cells and Neutrophils Depends on the Dose and Time of Exposure. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:7402760. [PMID: 27525288 PMCID: PMC4971325 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7402760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the ability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) to activate DC and neutrophils and modulate T cell activation and the impact of bacterial dose on these responses. Murine bone marrow derived DC or neutrophils were stimulated with LGG at ratios of 5 : 1, 10 : 1, and 100 : 1 (LGG : cells) and DC maturation (CD40, CD80, CD86, CD83, and MHC class II) and cytokine production (IL-10, TNF-α, and IL-12p70) were examined after 2 h and 18 h coculture and compared to the ability of BCG (the present immunotherapeutic agent for bladder cancer) to stimulate these cells. A 2 h exposure to 100 : 1 (high dose) or an 18 h exposure to 5 : 1 or 10 : 1 (low dose), LGG : cells, induced the highest production of IL-12 and upregulation of CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC II on DC. In DCs stimulated with LGG activated neutrophils IL-12 production decreased with increasing dose. LGG induced 10-fold greater IL-12 production than BCG. T cell IFNγ and IL-2 production was significantly greater when stimulated with DC activated with low dose LGG. In conclusion, DC or DC activated with neutrophils exposed to low dose LGG induced greater Th1 polarization in T cells and this could potentially exert stronger antitumor effects. Thus the dose of LGG used for immunotherapy could determine treatment efficacy.
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Spontaneous regression of tumour and the role of microbial infection--possibilities for cancer treatment. Anticancer Drugs 2016; 27:269-77. [PMID: 26813865 PMCID: PMC4777220 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review deals with the role of microorganisms in spontaneous regression of a tumour. Spontaneous cancer regression is a phenomenon that has been described for many centuries. One of the most well known methods of inducing spontaneous regression of cancer is the application of Coley's toxin (heat-killed Streptococcus pyogenes and Serratia marcescens), which has been used for the successful treatment of sarcomas, carcinomas, lymphomas, myelomas and melanomas. In clinical practice, the use of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine for the treatment of superficial urinary bladder cancer is the most common instance of the application of microorganisms for the treatment of cancer. This review provides further information on other tested bacteria--Clostridium spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp. and Salmonella spp.--in this field of study. Among new age methods, bactofection, alternative gene therapy, combination bacteriolytic therapy and bacteria-directed enzyme prodrug therapy are some of the potential cancer treatment modalities that use microorganisms. We have also provided information about the interconnection among microorganisms, immune system response, and the possible mechanisms involved in the spontaneous regression of tumours.
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Esfandiary A, Taherian-Esfahani Z, Abedin-Do A, Mirfakhraie R, Shirzad M, Ghafouri-Fard S, Motevaseli E. Lactobacilli Modulate Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-1 Regulatory Pathway in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 18:237-244. [PMID: 27540529 PMCID: PMC4988423 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-1 plays an essential role in the body’s response to
low oxygen concentrations and regulates expression of several genes implicated in homeostasis, vascularization, anaerobic metabolism as well as immunological responses. Increased
levels of HIF-1α are associated with increased proliferation and more aggressive breast tumor
development. Lactobacilli have been shown to exert anti-cancer effects on several malignancies
including breast cancer. However, the exact mechanism of such effect is not clear yet.
The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of selected genes from HIF pathway in a
triple negative breast cancer cell line (expressing no estrogen and progesterone receptors as well
as HER-2/Neu), MDA-MB-231, following treatment with two lactobacilli culture supernatants.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, we analyzed the expression of HIF-1α, SLC2A1, VHL, HSP90, XBP1 and SHARP1 genes from HIF pathway in MDA-MB-231
cells, before and after treatment with Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus
culture supernatants (LCS and LRS, respectively) by means of quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
Results Both LRS and LCS had cytotoxic effects on MDA-MB-231 cells, while the former
type was more cytotoxic. LRS dramatically down-regulated expression levels of the
HIF-1α, HSP90 and SLC2A1 in the MDA-MB-231 cells. LCS had similar effect on the expression of HSP90, to what was observed in the LRS treatment. The expression level of tumor
suppressor genes VHL and SHARP1 were also decreased in LCS treated cells.
Conclusion Although both LCS and LRS had cytotoxic effects on the MDA-MB-231 cells,
it is proposed that LRS could be more appropriate for pathway directed treatment modalities, as it did not decrease expression of tumor suppressor genes involved in HIF pathway.
Down-regulation of HIF pathway mediated oncogenes by LRS suggests that the cytotoxic
effects of this Lactobacillus may at least be partly caused by this mechanism. As previous
studies have shown that inhibition of HIF-1α and HSP90 expressions have therapeutic
impact on cancer treatment, the inhibitory effect of LRS on expression of these genes
implies that this Lactobacillus can be used in treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Esfandiary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Taherian-Esfahani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Abedin-Do
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mirfakhraie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Shirzad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hu J, Wang C, Ye L, Yang W, Huang H, Meng F, Shi S, Ding Z. Anti-tumour immune effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum to CT26 tumour-bearing mice. J Biosci 2016; 40:269-79. [PMID: 25963256 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-015-9518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer that shows a high mortality and increasing incidence. There are numerous successful treatment options for CRC, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy; however, their side effects and limitations are considerable. Probiotics may be an effective strategy for preventing and inhibiting tumour growth through stimulation of host innate and adaptive immunity. We investigated and compared potential anti-tumour immune responses induced by two isolated Lactobacillus strains, Lactobacillus plantarum A and Lactobacillus rhamnosus b, by pre-inoculating mice with lactobacilli for 14 days. Subsequently, subcutaneous and orthotopic intestinal tumours were generated in the pre-inoculated mice using CT26 murine adenocarcinoma cells and were assessed for response against the tumour. Our results indicated that oral administration with L. plantarum inhibited CT26 cell growth in BALB/c mice and prolonged the survival time of tumour-bearing mice compared with mice administered L. rhamnosus. L. plantarum produced protective immunity against the challenge with CT26 cells by increasing the effector functions of CD8+ and natural killer (NK) cell infiltration into tumour tissue, up-regulation of IFN-gamma (but not IL-4 or IL-17) production, and promotion of Th1-type CD4+ T differentiation. Consequently, our results suggest that L. plantarum can enhance the anti-tumour immune response and delay tumour formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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Lactobacillus casei Exerts Anti-Proliferative Effects Accompanied by Apoptotic Cell Death and Up-Regulation of TRAIL in Colon Carcinoma Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147960. [PMID: 26849051 PMCID: PMC4744000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) exert a number of strain-specific health-promoting activities attributed to their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. Despite recent attention, our understanding of the biological processes involved in the beneficial effects of LAB strains is still limited. To this end, the present study investigated the growth-inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 against experimental colon cancer. Administration of live Lactobacillus casei (as well as bacterial components thereof) on murine (CT26) and human (HT29) colon carcinoma cell lines raised a significant concentration- and time-dependent anti-proliferative effect, determined by cell viability assays. Specifically, a dramatic decrease in viability of colon cancer cells co-incubated with 10(9) CFU/mL L. casei for 24 hours was detected (78% for HT29 and 52% for CT26 cells). In addition, live L. casei induced apoptotic cell death in both cell lines as revealed by annexin V and propidium iodide staining. The significance of the in vitro anti-proliferative effects was further confirmed in an experimental tumor model. Oral daily administration of 10(9) CFU live L. casei for 13 days significantly inhibited in vivo growth of colon carcinoma cells, resulting in approximately 80% reduction in tumor volume of treated mice. Tumor growth inhibition was accompanied by L. casei-driven up-regulation of the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand TRAIL and down-regulation of Survivin. Taken together, these findings provide evidence for beneficial tumor-inhibitory, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects driven by this probiotic LAB strain.
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Abstract
In nutraceutical science, the ingestible live microbes 'probiotics' are regarded for their ability to confer multiplicity of health benefits on the consumers. Wide spectrum impact of these friendly microbes on the host health has been proved very frequently. They have been confirmed to boost immunity, aid in digestion, eliminate pathogens, curb inflammatory bowel diseases, moderate side effects of antibiotic therapy, lower cholesterol and blood glycemic index and produce vitamins. This review, however, focuses on the incipient, but promising area of probiotic diet-based prevention and remedy of cancer. Researchers are in universal agreement with the critical role of probiotics in getting rid of mutagens, delaying the onset of tumors, alleviating the side effects, pepping up chemotherapy, easing the postoperative complications, foiling remission and lifting the spirit of survivors. The key findings in the emerging roles of probiotics in onco-care have been summarized; the biological pathways discussed and anticipated developments in coming times are presented.
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Abedin-Do A, Taherian-Esfahani Z, Ghafouri-Fard S, Ghafouri-Fard S, Motevaseli E. Immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus strains: emphasis on their effects on cancer cells. Immunotherapy 2015; 7:1307-29. [PMID: 26595390 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli are a group of normal microbiota whose immunomodulatory effects have been known for a long time. Recently, they have gained more attention for their direct and indirect effects on cancer cells. Several cell line experiments, animal model studies as well as clinical trials have indicated their inhibitory effects on cancer initiation and progression. Different lactobacilli strains could modulate innate and adoptive immune system. Such effects have been documented in modulation of function of T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages as well as cytokine production. In this review, the various immunomodulatory effects of lactobacilli on tumor cells as well as their direct cytotoxic effects on cancer cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Abedin-Do
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Zahra Taherian-Esfahani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kiew TY, Cheow WS, Hadinoto K. Importance of biofilm age and growth medium on the viability of probiotic capsules containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG biofilm. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kasman L, Voelkel-Johnson C. An orthotopic bladder cancer model for gene delivery studies. J Vis Exp 2013:50181. [PMID: 24326612 DOI: 10.3791/50181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the second most common cancer of the urogenital tract and novel therapeutic approaches that can reduce recurrence and progression are needed. The tumor microenvironment can significantly influence tumor development and therapy response. It is therefore often desirable to grow tumor cells in the organ from which they originated. This protocol describes an orthotopic model of bladder cancer, in which MB49 murine bladder carcinoma cells are instilled into the bladder via catheterization. Successful tumor cell implantation in this model requires disruption of the protective glycosaminoglycan layer, which can be accomplished by physical or chemical means. In our protocol the bladder is treated with trypsin prior to cell instillation. Catheterization of the bladder can also be used to deliver therapeutics once the tumors are established. This protocol describes the delivery of an adenoviral construct that expresses a luciferase reporter gene. While our protocol has been optimized for short-term studies and focuses on gene delivery, the methodology of mouse bladder catheterization has broad applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kasman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina
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LeBlanc JG, Aubry C, Cortes-Perez NG, de Moreno de LeBlanc A, Vergnolle N, Langella P, Azevedo V, Chatel JM, Miyoshi A, Bermúdez-Humarán LG. Mucosal targeting of therapeutic molecules using genetically modified lactic acid bacteria: an update. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2013; 344:1-9. [PMID: 23600579 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) represent a heterogeneous group of microorganisms naturally present in many foods and those have proved to be effective mucosal delivery vectors. Moreover, some specific strains of LAB exert beneficial properties (known as probiotic effect) on both human and animal health. Although probiotic effects are strain-specific traits, it is theoretically possible, using genetic engineering techniques, to design strains that can exert a variety of beneficial properties. During the two past decades, a large variety of therapeutic molecules has been successfully expressed in LAB, and although this field has been largely reviewed in recent years, approximately 20 new publications appear each year. Thus, the aim of this minireview is not to extensively assess the entire literature but to update progress made within the last 2 years regarding the use of the model LAB Lactococcus lactis and certain species of lactobacilli as live recombinant vectors for the development of new safe mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Guy LeBlanc
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina
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Vielfort K, Weyler L, Söderholm N, Engelbrecht M, Löfmark S, Aro H. Lactobacillus decelerates cervical epithelial cell cycle progression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63592. [PMID: 23675492 PMCID: PMC3651132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated cell cycle progression in epithelial cervical ME-180 cells during colonization of three different Lactobacillus species utilizing live cell microscopy, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assays, and flow cytometry. The colonization of these ME-180 cells by L. rhamnosus and L. reuteri, originating from human gastric epithelia and saliva, respectively, was shown to reduce cell cycle progression and to cause host cells to accumulate in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The G1 phase accumulation in L. rhamnosus-colonized cells was accompanied by the up-regulation and nuclear accumulation of p21. By contrast, the vaginal isolate L. crispatus did not affect cell cycle progression. Furthermore, both the supernatants from the lactic acid-producing L. rhamnosus colonies and lactic acid added to cell culture media were able to reduce the proliferation of ME-180 cells. In this study, we reveal the diversity of the Lactobacillus species to affect host cell cycle progression and demonstrate that L. rhamnosus and L. reuteri exert anti-proliferative effects on human cervical carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Vielfort
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Grens Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Weyler
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Grens Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Söderholm
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Grens Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Engelbrecht
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Grens Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonja Löfmark
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
| | - Helena Aro
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Grens Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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SHINNOH MASAHIDE, HORINAKA MANO, YASUDA TAKASHI, YOSHIKAWA SAE, MORITA MIE, YAMADA TAKESHI, MIKI TSUNEHARU, SAKAI TOSHIYUKI. Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 shows antitumor effects by enhancing the release of TRAIL from neutrophils through MMP-8. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:903-11. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Dwivedi A, Nomikou N, Nigam PS, McHale AP. The effects of microencapsulated Lactobacillus casei on tumour cell growth: In vitro and in vivo studies. Int J Med Microbiol 2012; 302:293-9. [PMID: 23072864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been known for some time that the micro-milieu of solid tumours provides an ideal environment for growth of facultative and strictly anaerobic bacteria, and it has been shown that certain species including Lactobacillus and Clostridium can colonise those environments leading to regression of tumour growth. Such observations have given rise to the concept of bacteriolytic therapy where live microorganisms might be employed to colonise the tumour and exert a tumorolytic effect. In choosing such an approach, it would be advantageous to exploit a relatively non-pathogenic strain and provide some form of containment that would enable site-specific injection and minimise dispersion of the microorganism throughout the host. In testing the feasibility of such an approach, we prepared microencapsulated formulations of Lactobacillus casei NCDO 161 and demonstrated that conditioned extra-capsular culture media were toxic to tumour cells in vitro. We further investigated the effects of the microencapsulated formulations on tumour growth in vivo following direct intra-tumoural injection. The study demonstrates significant inhibition of tumour growth in vivo by these formulations and suggests potential therapeutic benefit of this approach in the treatment of solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupma Dwivedi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Ulster, Cromore Rd., Coleraine, Co. Derry BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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Tumor and microenvironment modification during progression of murine orthotopic bladder cancer. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2011:865684. [PMID: 22013484 PMCID: PMC3195679 DOI: 10.1155/2011/865684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to monitor changes in the expression of immune-related genes in the bladder after tumor implantation. Mice were orthotopically implanted with MB49-PSA cells (C57BL/6 mice) on day 1 and terminated on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Another mouse model (MBT-2/C3H mice) was examined at day 7. Gene expression analysis was performed using a TaqMan Low Density Mouse Immune Panel (Applied Biosystems, USA) on RNA extracted from the bladders. Selected genes were reconfirmed by real-time PCR analysis and RT-PCR on the mRNA from other animals. Immune suppressive (IL13, IL1β, PTGS2, NOS2, IL10, CTLA4, and CCL22) and immune stimulatory genes (CSF2, GZMB, IFNγ, CXCL10, TNFα, CD80, IL12a, and IL6) and AGTR2 were increased by day 7. By day 28, IL10, CCL2, CCL5, CXCL11, CTLA4, GZMB, IFNγ, CSF2, and IL6 were significantly increased. Therapeutic strategies involving TH1 induction and TH2 dampening may improve responses to immunotherapy.
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