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Da Silva E, Scott MGH, Enslen H, Marullo S. Control of CCR5 Cell-Surface Targeting by the PRAF2 Gatekeeper. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17438. [PMID: 38139265 PMCID: PMC10744302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell-surface targeting of neo-synthesized G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) involves the recruitment of receptors into COPII vesicles budding at endoplasmic reticulum exit sites (ERESs). This process is regulated for some GPCRs by escort proteins, which facilitate their export, or by gatekeepers that retain the receptors in the ER. PRAF2, an ER-resident four trans- membrane domain protein with cytoplasmic extremities, operates as a gatekeeper for the GB1 protomer of the heterodimeric GABAB receptor, interacting with a tandem di-leucine/RXR retention motif in the carboxyterminal tail of GB1. PRAF2 was also reported to interact in a two-hybrid screen with a peptide corresponding to the carboxyterminal tail of the chemokine receptor CCR5 despite the absence of RXR motifs in its sequence. Using a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based subcellular localization system, we found that PRAF2 inhibits, in a concentration-dependent manner, the plasma membrane export of CCR5. BRET-based proximity assays and Co-IP experiments demonstrated that PRAF2/CCR5 interaction does not require the presence of a receptor carboxyterminal tail and involves instead the transmembrane domains of both proteins. The mutation of the potential di-leucine/RXR motif contained in the third intracellular loop of CCR5 does not affect PRAF2-mediated retention. It instead impairs the cell-surface export of CCR5 by inhibiting CCR5's interaction with its private escort protein, CD4. PRAF2 and CD4 thus display opposite roles on the cell-surface export of CCR5, with PRAF2 inhibiting and CD4 promoting this process, likely operating at the level of CCR5 recruitment into COPII vesicles, which leave the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefano Marullo
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France; (E.D.S.); (M.G.H.S.); (H.E.)
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Muzyka L, Goff NK, Choudhary N, Koltz MT. Systematic Review of Molecular Targeted Therapies for Adult-Type Diffuse Glioma: An Analysis of Clinical and Laboratory Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10456. [PMID: 37445633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common brain tumor in adults, and molecularly targeted therapies to treat gliomas are becoming a frequent topic of investigation. The current state of molecular targeted therapy research for adult-type diffuse gliomas has yet to be characterized, particularly following the 2021 WHO guideline changes for classifying gliomas using molecular subtypes. This systematic review sought to characterize the current state of molecular target therapy research for adult-type diffuse glioma to better inform scientific progress and guide next steps in this field of study. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were queried for study design, subject (patients, human cell lines, mice, etc.), type of tumor studied, molecular target, respective molecular pathway, and details pertaining to the molecular targeted therapy-namely the modality, dose, and duration of treatment. A total of 350 studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 52 of these were clinical studies, 190 were laboratory studies investigating existing molecular therapies, and 108 were laboratory studies investigating new molecular targets. Further, a total of 119 ongoing clinical trials are also underway, per a detailed query on clinicaltrials.gov. GBM was the predominant tumor studied in both ongoing and published clinical studies as well as in laboratory analyses. A few studies mentioned IDH-mutant astrocytomas or oligodendrogliomas. The most common molecular targets in published clinical studies and clinical trials were protein kinase pathways, followed by microenvironmental targets, immunotherapy, and cell cycle/apoptosis pathways. The most common molecular targets in laboratory studies were also protein kinase pathways; however, cell cycle/apoptosis pathways were the next most frequent target, followed by microenvironmental targets, then immunotherapy pathways, with the wnt/β-catenin pathway arising in the cohort of novel targets. In this systematic review, we examined the current evidence on molecular targeted therapy for adult-type diffuse glioma and discussed its implications for clinical practice and future research. Ultimately, published research falls broadly into three categories-clinical studies, laboratory testing of existing therapies, and laboratory identification of novel targets-and heavily centers on GBM rather than IDH-mutant astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma. Ongoing clinical trials are numerous in this area of research as well and follow a similar pattern in tumor type and targeted pathways as published clinical studies. The most common molecular targets in all study types were protein kinase pathways. Microenvironmental targets were more numerous in clinical studies, whereas cell cycle/apoptosis were more numerous in laboratory studies. Immunotherapy pathways are on the rise in all study types, and the wnt/β-catenin pathway is increasingly identified as a novel target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Muzyka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1501 Red River Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nicolas K Goff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1501 Red River Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nikita Choudhary
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1501 Red River Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael T Koltz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1501 Red River Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Wang Y, Zhao Z, Jiao W, Yin Z, Zhao W, Bo H, Bi Z, Dong B, Chen B, Wang Z. PRAF2 is an oncogene acting to promote the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:738. [PMID: 36478884 PMCID: PMC9716117 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenylated rab acceptor 1 domain family member 2 (PRAF2) acts as an oncogene and is closely related to the occurrence and development of various tumors. The present study aimed to clarify the functional relevance of PRAF2 in the biological behaviors of breast cancer by determining the expression of PRAF2 in breast cancer tissues and the corresponding adjacent tissues. The gene phenotypes of PRAF2 in patients with breast cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas database were predicted using a cancer data online analysis website: The University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Data Analaysis Portal (UALCAN). The mRNA and protein expression of PRAF2 was further examined in 37 pairs of fresh frozen breast cancer tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. High expression of PRAF2 was verified by RT-qPCR in the breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology was used to silence PRAF2. In the in vitro cell functional experiment, three groups were used: Negative control (NC) group, siRNA-NC group and siRNA-PRAF2 group. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays were conducted to analyze the effect of downregulation of PRAF2 on the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Transwell invasion and cell scratch assays were performed to examine the effect of downregulation of PRAF2 on the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. UALCAN analysis results indicated that PRAF2 expression was upregulated in breast cancer compared with normal tissue samples (P<0.001). High expression of PRAF2 in breast cancer was associated with TNM stage and regional lymph node metastasis. RT-qPCR results showed increased mRNA expression of PRAF2 in clinical tissue samples from 37 patients with breast cancer, compared with normal adjacent tissues (P<0.001). Protein expression of PRAF2 was also shown to be higher in the breast cancer MCF-7 cells than in the MDA-MB-231 cells. Western blotting analysis combined with ImageJ software quantification showed that the relative expression of PRAF2 protein was significantly higher in clinical tissue samples from 37 patients with breast cancer (1.9750±0.0103) than that in normal adjacent tissues (0.9818±0.0140) (P<0.001). Western blotting analysis results indicated that transfection with siRNA PRAF2 in MCF-7 cells decreased PRAF2 expression (P<0.001). The results of CCK-8 and colony formation assays revealed that downregulation of PRAF2 expression suppressed the proliferation of MCF-7 cells (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively). In addition, Transwell invasion and cell scratch assay results showed that downregulation of PRAF2 expression in MCF-7 cells repressed invasion and migration of cancer cells (P<0.001). Overall, PRAF2 expression was significantly higher in breast cancer tissues than normal adjacent tissues, and was closely related to TNM stage and regional lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. PRAF2 was found to act as an oncogene that is able to promote breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Thus, PRAF2 may be a potential prognostic factor in patients with breast cancer and a potential target for the treatment of breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jiao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Zhaocai Yin
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Wanjun Zhao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Hongguang Bo
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Zilin Bi
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Bingbin Dong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Zheng Wang or Dr Bin Chen, Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Zheng Wang or Dr Bin Chen, Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
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Wu M, Liu Y, Pu YS, Ma Y, Wang JH, Liu EQ. JHDM1D-AS1 aggravates the development of gastric cancer through miR-450a-2-3p-PRAF2 axis. Life Sci 2020; 265:118805. [PMID: 33245963 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the molecular function and mechanisms of JHDM1D antisense 1 (JHDM1D-AS1) during gastric cancer (GC) progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS The qPCR assay was used to detect the JHDM1D-AS1 and miR-450a-2-3p expression levels in GC tissues and cell lines. Bioinformatics analysis was used for exploring the lncRNA-microRNA-mRNA interaction network. We performed dual-luciferase reporter assay and qPCR assay in order to validate the direct interactions. We explored the JHDM1D-AS1 and miR-450a-2-3p on GC progression by using JHDM1D-AS1 siRNA and miR-450a-2-3p inhibitor; in vitro CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, and invasion assay were conducted. Further, in vivo animal experiments were performed, and the expression levels of miR-450a-2-3p and PRAF2 in the tumor tissues were detected using qPCR and western blot analysis. KEY FINDINGS The expression levels of JHDM1D-AS1 and miR-450a-2-3p in GC tissues and cell lines were higher and lower as compared to those in the corresponding normal controls, respectively. Moreover, high levels of JHDM1D-AS1 were closely related with metastasis and the GC TNM stage. Functionally, JHDM1D-AS1 depletion caused an obvious reduction in cell proliferation and invasion both in vitro and in vivo, while the addition of miR-450a-2-3p inhibitor could nullify these effects. Mechanically, JHDM1D-AS1 promoted GC progression via the sponging of miR-450a-2-3p in order to increase PRAF2 expression. SIGNIFICANCE The present results showed that the increased expression of JHDM1D-AS1 was closely associated with tumor progression of GC. JHDM1D-AS1/miR-450a-2-3p/PRAF2 axis may be a promising target for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China; Office of Scientific Research, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Yan-Song Pu
- Second Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Pathology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Second Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - En-Qi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Yu GJ, Sun Y, Zhang DW, Zhang P. Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR functions as a competitive endogenous RNA to regulate PRAF2 expression by sponging miR-326 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:270. [PMID: 31649487 PMCID: PMC6805682 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0992-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background LncRNAs may exert a regulatory effect in tumorigenesis. Although the expression of lncRNA HOTAIR has been confirmed to be notably elevated in the tissues of CSCC, its biological mechanism in CSCC is still unknown. Methods HOTAIR expression level in CSCC cell lines was monitored via qRT-PCR. Then CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay and EdU assay were adopted to detect cell migration and proliferation. Meanwhile, through bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter gene detection, a new target of HOTAIR was identified. Additionally, Western blotting and RIP analysis were adopted to discuss the possible mechanism. Results HOTAIR expression in CSCC cell lines exhibited an obvious elevation. Cell function analysis revealed that HOTAIR overexpression remarkably facilitated CSCC cell migration, proliferation and EMT process, which were impeded by down-regulation of HOTAIR. Furthermore, HOTAIR competitively bound to miR-326, so as to positively modulate miR-326 expression. Conclusions These results present that HOTAIR, as a ceRNA, regulates PRAF2 expression by competitive binding to miR-326 during CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jun Yu
- 1Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Xi Road, Huaian, 223300 Jiangsu China
| | - Yong Sun
- 1Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Xi Road, Huaian, 223300 Jiangsu China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- 1Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Xi Road, Huaian, 223300 Jiangsu China
| | - Peng Zhang
- 2Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu China
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Qian Z, Wei B, Zhou Y, Wang Q, Wang J, Sun Y, Gao Y, Chen X. PRAF2 overexpression predicts poor prognosis and promotes tumorigenesis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:585. [PMID: 31200670 PMCID: PMC6570937 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5818-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenylated Rab acceptor 1 domain family, member 2 (PRAF2) is involved in the occurrence and progression of several malignant tumors. However, its potential role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is still unknown. METHODS PRAF2 mRNA expression was determined in 77 frozen ESCC samples by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and its association with clinical features and overall survival were evaluated. The roles of PRAF2 in ESCC cells were investigated by proliferation, cell cycle, invasion and apoptosis assays in vitro. RESULTS The PRAF2 mRNA expression was significantly increased in ESCC tissues compared with matched surrounding non-tumor tissues. Survival analysis showed that high PRAF2 mRNA expression was associated with worse overall survival in ESCC patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that PRAF2 (hazard ratio 2.05, 95% CI 1.10-3.85, P = 0.025) emerged as the independent predictor for poor overall survival in ESCC. The in vitro experiments revealed that knockdown of PRAF2 expression blocked cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and cell invasion and induced cell apoptosis in ESCC cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data demonstrate that PRAF2 could be used as a potential prognostic biomarker and represent a potential therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoye Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Qiuzi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Jiru Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, China.
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, China.
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He W, Tang J, Li W, Li Y, Mei Y, He L, Zhong K, Xu R. Mutual regulation of JAG2 and PRAF2 promotes migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells uncoupled from epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:160. [PMID: 31198409 PMCID: PMC6558914 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous studies revealed that Jagged 2 (JAG2) is involved in the regulation of migration and invasion of colon cancer cells without affecting cell proliferation. This study further explored the specific mechanism by which JAG2 promotes migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Methods JAG2 mRNA expression in different clinical stages of colorectal cancer and normal intestinal tissues was detected by quantitative PCR (QPCR). QPCR and Western Blot were used to analyze the differential expression of JAG2 mRNA and protein between normal human colon tissue cells and various colorectal cancer cells. Co-expression status of JAG2 and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in colon cancer tissues and cells was analyzed. The difference between TGF-β-induced EMT model and the JAG2 overexpression model were compared in promoting migration and invasion of HT29 cells. HT29 cells were treated with EMT pathway inhibitors (LY2157299 and Slug siRNA) to identify a cross-talk between the JAG2 effect and the Notch pathway. Co-expressed genes of JAG2 in colorectal cancer cells were identified using siRNA and transcriptome microarray technology. The mutual regulation of JAG2 and the co-expressed gene PRAF2 and the regulation of the paracrine effect of exosomes were analyzed. Results JAG2 was abnormally expressed in colorectal cancer tissues and directly related to clinical stages. Similar to the findings in tissues, the expression of both JAG2 mRNA and protein was significantly increased in the colorectal cancer cell lines compared with that of normal colorectal cell line CCD18-Co. It was shown in our cell model that JAG2 was involved in the regulation of migration and invasion independent of the canonical Notch signaling pathway. More interestingly, JAG2 also promoted the migration and invasion of colon cancer cells in a non-EMT pathway. Further analysis revealed the co-expression of JAG2 with PRAF2 in colorectal cancer cells. JAG2-rich exosomes were released from colorectal cancer cells in a PRAF2-dependent way, while these exosomes regulated the metastasis of colorectal cancer cells in a paracrine manner. Conclusions This is the evidence supporting the biological function of JAG2 through non-canonical Notch and non-EMT-dependent pathways and also the first demonstration of the functions of PRAF2 in colorectal cancer cells. These findings also provide theoretical basis for the development of small molecules or biological agents for therapeutic intervention targeting JAG2/PRAF2. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-019-0871-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan He
- 1Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Jun Tang
- 1Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Wenwen Li
- 1Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Yong Li
- 2Department of Interventional Radiology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Yi Mei
- 3Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Lisheng He
- 4Department of Pathology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Keli Zhong
- 5Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Ruilian Xu
- 1Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong China
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ZEB1-AS1 is associated with poor prognosis in non-small-cell lung cancer and influences cell migration and apoptosis by repressing ID1. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:381-392. [PMID: 30626729 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play a vital role in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ZEB1-AS1 overexpression predicts a poor prognosis in osteosarcoma and colorectal cancers. In the current study, we determined the clinical significance and prognostic value of ZEB1-AS1 in patients with NSCLC. The expression of ZEB1-AS1 and inhibitor of differentiation-1 (ID1) was measured using qRT-PCR and Western blot. Cell growth, migration, and invasion were determined using colony formation assays, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Tumor growth was determined with a xenograft model. ZEB1-AS1 was significantly up-regulated in NSCLC tissues compared with normal samples. ZEB1-AS1 overexpression was significantly associated with advanced tumor, lymph node, and metastases (TNM) stage and tumor size, as well as poorer overall survival. Moreover, ZEB1-AS1 knockdown inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation and migration, and promoted cell apoptosis. In addition, a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that ZEB1-AS1 interacted with STAT3, thereby repressing ID1 expression. Furthermore, rescue experiments indicated that ZEB1-AS1 functioned as an oncogene partly by repressing ID1 in NSCLC cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that ZEB1-AS1 serves as a promising therapeutic target to predict the prognosis of NSCLC.
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Wang CH, Liu LL, Liao DZ, Zhang MF, Fu J, Lu SX, Chen SL, Wang H, Cai SH, Zhang CZ, Zhang HZ, Yun JP. PRAF2 expression indicates unfavorable clinical outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:2241-2248. [PMID: 30100755 PMCID: PMC6065608 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s166789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prenylated Rab acceptor 1 domain family member 2 (PRAF2), a novel oncogene, has been shown to be essential for the development of several human cancers; however, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Materials and methods PRAF2 mRNA and protein expressions were examined in fresh tissues by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively, and in 518 paraffin-embedded HCC samples by immunohistochemistry. The correlation of PRAF2 expression and clinical outcomes was determined by the Student's t-test, Kaplan-Meier test, and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The role of PRAF2 in HCC was investigated by cell viability, colony formation, and migration assays in vitro and with a nude mouse model in vivo. Results In our study, the PRAF2 expression was noticeably increased in HCC tissues at both the mRNA and protein levels compared with that of the nontumorous tissues. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that high PRAF2 expression was correlated with worse overall survival in a cohort of 518 patients with HCC. The prognostic implication of PRAF2 was verified by stratified survival analysis. The multivariate Cox regression model revealed PRAF2 as an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.244, 95% CI: 1.039-1.498, P<0.017) in HCC. The in vitro data demonstrated that PRAF2 overexpression markedly enhanced cell viability, colony formation, and cell migration. Moreover, ectopic expression of PRAF2 promoted tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Conclusion Collectively, we conclude that PRAF2 is increased in HCC and is a novel unfavorable biomarker for prognostic prediction for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China, ; .,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China, ;
| | - Li-Li Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China, ; .,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China, ;
| | - Ding-Zhun Liao
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Mei-Fang Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China, ; .,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China, ;
| | - Jia Fu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China, ; .,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China, ;
| | - Shi-Xun Lu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China, ; .,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China, ;
| | - Shi-Lu Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China, ; .,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China, ;
| | - Hong Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China, ; .,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China, ;
| | - Shao-Hang Cai
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China, ; .,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China, ;
| | - Chris Zhiyi Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China, ; .,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China, ;
| | - Hui-Zhong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China, ;
| | - Jing-Ping Yun
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China, ; .,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China, ;
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10
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Bauer AS, Nazarov PV, Giese NA, Beghelli S, Heller A, Greenhalf W, Costello E, Muller A, Bier M, Strobel O, Hackert T, Vallar L, Scarpa A, Büchler MW, Neoptolemos JP, Kreis S, Hoheisel JD. Transcriptional variations in the wider peritumoral tissue environment of pancreatic cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 142:1010-1021. [PMID: 28983920 PMCID: PMC5813190 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional profiling was performed on 452 RNA preparations isolated from various types of pancreatic tissue from tumour patients and healthy donors, with a particular focus on peritumoral samples. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) and cystic tumours were most different in these non-tumorous tissues surrounding them, whereas the actual tumours exhibited rather similar transcript patterns. The environment of cystic tumours was transcriptionally nearly identical to normal pancreas tissue. In contrast, the tissue around PDAC behaved a lot like the tumour, indicating some kind of field defect, while showing far less molecular resemblance to both chronic pancreatitis and healthy tissue. This suggests that the major pathogenic difference between cystic and ductal tumours may be due to their cellular environment rather than the few variations between the tumours. Lack of correlation between DNA methylation and transcript levels makes it unlikely that the observed field defect in the peritumoral tissue of PDAC is controlled to a large extent by such epigenetic regulation. Functionally, a strikingly large number of autophagy-related transcripts was changed in both PDAC and its peritumoral tissue, but not in other pancreatic tumours. A transcription signature of 15 autophagy-related genes was established that permits a prognosis of survival with high accuracy and indicates the role of autophagy in tumour biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S. Bauer
- Division of Functional Genome AnalysisGerman Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Petr V. Nazarov
- Genomics and Proteomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of HealthLuxembourg CityLuxembourg
| | - Nathalia A. Giese
- Department of General SurgeryUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Stefania Beghelli
- Department of Pathology and DiagnosticsUniversità di VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Anette Heller
- Department of General SurgeryUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - William Greenhalf
- National Institute for Health Research, Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit and the Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine CentreLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Eithne Costello
- National Institute for Health Research, Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit and the Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine CentreLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Arnaud Muller
- Genomics and Proteomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of HealthLuxembourg CityLuxembourg
| | - Melanie Bier
- Division of Functional Genome AnalysisGerman Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Oliver Strobel
- Department of General SurgeryUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General SurgeryUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Laurent Vallar
- Genomics and Proteomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of HealthLuxembourg CityLuxembourg
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Department of Pathology and DiagnosticsUniversità di VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Markus W. Büchler
- Department of General SurgeryUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - John P. Neoptolemos
- National Institute for Health Research, Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit and the Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine CentreLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Kreis
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of LuxembourgLuxembourg CityLuxembourg
| | - Jörg D. Hoheisel
- Division of Functional Genome AnalysisGerman Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
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11
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Harkin LF, Lindsay SJ, Xu Y, Alzu'bi A, Ferrara A, Gullon EA, James OG, Clowry GJ. Neurexins 1-3 Each Have a Distinct Pattern of Expression in the Early Developing Human Cerebral Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:216-232. [PMID: 28013231 PMCID: PMC5654756 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurexins (NRXNs) are presynaptic terminal proteins and candidate neurodevelopmental disorder susceptibility genes; mutations presumably upset synaptic stabilization and function. However, analysis of human cortical tissue samples by RNAseq and quantitative real-time PCR at 8-12 postconceptional weeks, prior to extensive synapse formation, showed expression of all three NRXNs as well as several potential binding partners. However, the levels of expression were not identical; NRXN1 increased with age and NRXN2 levels were consistently higher than for NRXN3. Immunohistochemistry for each NRXN also revealed different expression patterns at this stage of development. NRXN1 and NRXN3 immunoreactivity was generally strongest in the cortical plate and increased in the ventricular zone with age, but was weak in the synaptogenic presubplate (pSP) and marginal zone. On the other hand, NRXN2 colocalized with synaptophysin in neurites of the pSP, but especially with GAP43 and CASK in growing axons of the intermediate zone. Alternative splicing modifies the role of NRXNs and we found evidence by RNAseq for exon skipping at splice site 4 and concomitant expression of KHDBRS proteins which control this splicing. NRXN2 may play a part in early cortical synaptogenesis, but NRXNs could have diverse roles in development including axon guidance, and intercellular communication between proliferating cells and/or migrating neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren F Harkin
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Parkway Drive, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
- Present address: School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Susan J Lindsay
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Parkway Drive, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Yaobo Xu
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Parkway Drive, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
- Present address: Wellcome Trust, Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ayman Alzu'bi
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Parkway Drive, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Alexandra Ferrara
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Parkway Drive, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Emily A Gullon
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Parkway Drive, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Owen G James
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Parkway Drive, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
- Present address: MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Gavin J Clowry
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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12
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Doly S, Marullo S. Gatekeepers Controlling GPCR Export and Function. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 36:636-644. [PMID: 26435209 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Regulated export of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) from intracellular stores involves chaperones and escort proteins, which promote their progression to the cell surface, and gatekeepers, which retain them in intracellular compartments. Functional γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)B receptors, the paradigm of this phenomenon, comprise GB1 and GB2 subunits forming a heterodimer. GB1 is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the absence of GB2. A specific ER-resident gatekeeper, prenylated Rab acceptor family 2 (PRAF2), is involved in GB1 retention and prevents its progression into the biosynthetic pathway. GB1 can be released from PRAF2 only on competitive interaction with GB2. PRAF2 is ubiquitous and belongs to a subgroup of the mammalian Ypt-interacting protein (Yip) family. Several other GPCRs are likely to be regulated by Yip proteins, which might be involved in the pathophysiology of human diseases that are associated with impaired receptor targeting to the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Doly
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Stefano Marullo
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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13
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Doly S, Shirvani H, Gäta G, Meye F, Emerit MB, Enslen H, Achour L, Pardo-Lopez L, Kwon YS, Armand V, Gardette R, Giros B, Gassmann M, Bettler B, Mameli M, Darmon M, Marullo S. GABAB receptor cell-surface export is controlled by an endoplasmic reticulum gatekeeper. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:480-90. [PMID: 26033241 PMCID: PMC4828513 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) release and cell-surface export of many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are tightly regulated. For gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)B receptors of GABA, the major mammalian inhibitory neurotransmitter, the ligand-binding GB1 subunit is maintained in the ER by unknown mechanisms in the absence of hetero-dimerization with the GB2 subunit. We report that GB1 retention is regulated by a specific gatekeeper, PRAF2. This ER resident transmembrane protein binds to GB1, preventing its progression in the biosynthetic pathway. GB1 release occurs upon competitive displacement from PRAF2 by GB2. PRAF2 concentration, relative to that of GB1 and GB2, tightly controls cell-surface receptor density and controls GABAB function in neurons. Experimental perturbation of PRAF2 levels in vivo caused marked hyperactivity disorders in mice. These data reveal an unanticipated major impact of specific ER gatekeepers on GPCR function and identify PRAF2 as a new molecular target with therapeutic potential for psychiatric and neurological diseases involving GABAB function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Doly
- Institut Cochin
INSERMCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris 5Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines22 Rue Méchain, 75014 Paris
| | - Hamasseh Shirvani
- Institut Cochin
INSERMCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris 5Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines22 Rue Méchain, 75014 Paris
| | - Gabriel Gäta
- Institut Cochin
INSERMCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris 5Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines22 Rue Méchain, 75014 Paris
| | - Frank Meye
- Institut du Fer à Moulin
Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6INSERM17 Rue du fer à moulin 75005 Paris
| | - Michel-Boris Emerit
- CPN, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences
INSERMUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris 5Groupe Hospitalier BrocaSite Broca - Sainte Anne 2 ter Rue d'Alésia75014 Paris
| | - Hervé Enslen
- Institut Cochin
INSERMCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris 5Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines22 Rue Méchain, 75014 Paris
| | - Lamia Achour
- Institut Cochin
INSERMCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris 5Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines22 Rue Méchain, 75014 Paris
| | - Liliana Pardo-Lopez
- Institut Cochin
INSERMCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris 5Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines22 Rue Méchain, 75014 Paris
| | - Yang Seung Kwon
- CPN, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences
INSERMUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris 5Groupe Hospitalier BrocaSite Broca - Sainte Anne 2 ter Rue d'Alésia75014 Paris
| | - Vincent Armand
- CPN, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences
INSERMUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris 5Groupe Hospitalier BrocaSite Broca - Sainte Anne 2 ter Rue d'Alésia75014 Paris
| | - Robert Gardette
- CPN, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences
INSERMUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris 5Groupe Hospitalier BrocaSite Broca - Sainte Anne 2 ter Rue d'Alésia75014 Paris
| | - Bruno Giros
- Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central
Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6INSERMCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueBâtiment B, 4ème étage, case courrier 37 9 Quai Saint Bernard 75252 Paris Cedex 05
- Service Psychiatrie
McGill University [Montréal]Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale Douglas6875 Boulevard Lasalle, Montréal, QC H4H 1R2
| | - Martin Gassmann
- Department of Biomedicine
University of Basel Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel
| | - Bernhard Bettler
- Department of Biomedicine
University of Basel Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel
| | - Manuel Mameli
- Institut du Fer à Moulin
Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6INSERM17 Rue du fer à moulin 75005 Paris
| | - Michèle Darmon
- Institut Cochin
INSERMCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris 5Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines22 Rue Méchain, 75014 Paris
| | - Stefano Marullo
- Institut Cochin
INSERMCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris 5Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines22 Rue Méchain, 75014 Paris
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14
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Delattre AM, Carabelli B, Mori MA, Kempe PG, Rizzo de Souza LE, Zanata SM, Machado RB, Suchecki D, Andrade da Costa BLS, Lima MMS, Ferraz AC. Maternal Omega-3 Supplement Improves Dopaminergic System in Pre- and Postnatal Inflammation-Induced Neurotoxicity in Parkinson's Disease Model. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2090-2106. [PMID: 26924316 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9803-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is the consequence of a neurodevelopmental disruption, rather than strictly a consequence of aging. Thus, we hypothesized that maternal supplement of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) may be associated with neuroprotection mechanisms in a self-sustaining cycle of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-model of PD. To test this hypothesis, behavioral and neurochemical assay were performed in prenatally LPS-exposed offspring at postnatal day 21. To further determine whether prenatal LPS exposure and maternal ω-3 PUFAs supplementation had persisting effects, brain injury was induced on PN 90 rats, following bilateral intranigral LPS injection. Pre- and postnatal inflammation damage not only affected dopaminergic neurons directly, but it also modified critical features, such as activated microglia and astrocyte cells, disrupting the support provided by the microenvironment. Unexpectedly, our results failed to show any involvement of caspase-dependent and independent apoptosis pathway in neuronal death mechanisms. On the other hand, learning and memory deficits detected with a second toxic exposure were significantly attenuated in maternal ω-3 PUFAs supplementation group. In addition, ω-3 PUFAs promote beneficial effect on synaptic function, maintaining the neurochemical integrity in remaining neurons, without necessarily protect them from neuronal death. Thus, our results suggest that ω-3 PUFAs affect the functional ability of the central nervous system in a complex way in a multiple inflammation-induced neurotoxicity animal model of PD and they disclose new ways of understanding how these fatty acids control responses of the brain to different challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marcia Delattre
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos s/n, 81.531 - 990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Carabelli
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos s/n, 81.531 - 990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Mori
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos s/n, 81.531 - 990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Paula G Kempe
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos s/n, 81.531 - 990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luiz E Rizzo de Souza
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Silvio M Zanata
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ricardo B Machado
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Deborah Suchecki
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Belmira L S Andrade da Costa
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M S Lima
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos s/n, 81.531 - 990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Anete C Ferraz
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos s/n, 81.531 - 990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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15
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Cifuentes-Diaz C, Marullo S, Doly S. Anatomical and ultrastructural study of PRAF2 expression in the mouse central nervous system. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 221:4169-4185. [PMID: 26645984 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Prenylated Rab acceptor family, member 2 (PRAF2) is a four transmembrane domain protein of 19 kDa that is highly expressed in particular areas of mammalian brains. PRAF2 is mostly found in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of neurons where it plays the role of gatekeeper for the GB1 subunit of the GABAB receptor, preventing its progression in the biosynthetic pathway in the absence of hetero-dimerization with the GB2 subunit. However, PRAF2 can interact with several receptors and immunofluorescence studies indicate that PRAF2 distribution is larger than the ER, suggesting additional biological functions. Here, we conducted an immuno-cytochemical study of PRAF2 distribution in mouse central nervous system (CNS) at anatomical, cellular and ultra-structural levels. PRAF2 appears widely expressed in various regions of mature CNS, such as the olfactory bulbs, cerebral cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, ventral tegmental area and spinal cord. Consistent with its regulatory role of GABAB receptors, PRAF2 was particularly abundant in brain regions known to express GB1 subunits. However, other brain areas where GB1 is expressed, such as basal ganglia, thalamus and hypothalamus, contain little or no PRAF2. In these areas, GB1 subunits might reach the cell surface of neurons independently of GB2 to exert biological functions distinct from those of GABAB receptors, or be regulated by other gatekeepers. Electron microscopy studies confirmed the localization of PRAF2 in the ER, but identified previously unappreciated localizations, in mitochondria, primary cilia and sub-synaptic region. These data indicate additional modes of GABAB regulation in specific brain areas and new biological functions of PRAF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Cifuentes-Diaz
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, INSERM UMR-S839, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Stefano Marullo
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 27 rue du Faubourg St-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Doly
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 27 rue du Faubourg St-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France.
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16
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RAB34 was a progression- and prognosis-associated biomarker in gliomas. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:1573-8. [PMID: 25501506 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2732-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to explore the expression pattern, prognostic value, and functional role of RAB34 in gliomas. RAB34 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was evaluated from low grade to high grade in 220 glioma patients of the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). We therefore analyzed RAB34 mRNA expression in two validated datasets. For detecting the protein expression level of RAB34, another 104 glioma tissues were stained by immunohistochemistry. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) were used for functional annotation of RAB34. The mRNA and protein expression levels of RAB34 were both related to glioma grade progression and were inversely correlated with overall survival (OS) in high-grade glioma patients. GO analysis and GSVA showed that RAB34 sets related to migration were significantly enriched in the cases with RAB34 high expression. Pearson correlation analysis identified that genes including MMP-11, HSPB1, IGFBP2, HSPA6, IGFBP5, and MMP19 were positively correlated with RAB34. The expression of RAB34 is related to glioma grade progression and confers a poor prognosis in high-grade glioma patients.
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17
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Bandino A, Geerts D, Koster J, Bachmann AS. Deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) inhibitor GC7 induces p21/Rb-mediated inhibition of tumor cell growth and DHPS expression correlates with poor prognosis in neuroblastoma patients. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2014; 37:387-98. [PMID: 25315710 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-014-0201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuroblastoma (NB) is an aggressive pediatric malignancy that typically occurs in infants and children under the age of 5 years. High-stage tumors relapse frequently even after aggressive multimodal treatment, resulting in therapy resistance and eventually in patient death. Clearly, new biologically-targeted drugs are needed that more efficiently suppress tumor growth and prevent relapse. We and others previously showed that polyamines such as spermidine play an essential role in NB tumorigenesis and that DFMO, an inhibitor of the central polyamine synthesis gene ODC, is effective in vitro and in vivo, prompting its evaluation in NB clinical trials. However, the specific molecular actions of polyamines remain poorly defined. Spermidine and deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) are essential components in the hypusination-driven post-translational activation of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A). METHODS We assessed the role of DHPS in NB and the impact of its inhibition by N(1)-guanyl-1,7-diaminoheptane (GC7) on tumor cell growth using cell proliferation assays, Western blot, immunofluorescence microscopy, and Affymetrix micro-array mRNA expression analyses in NB tumor samples. RESULTS We found that GC7 inhibits NB cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, through induction of the cell cycle inhibitor p21 and reduction of total and phosphorylated Rb proteins. Strikingly, high DHPS mRNA expression correlated significantly with unfavorable clinical parameters, including poor patient survival, in a cohort of 88 NB tumors (all P < 0.04). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that spermidine and DHPS are key contributing factors in NB tumor proliferation through regulation of the p21/Rb signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bandino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
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18
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PRAF2 stimulates cell proliferation and migration and predicts poor prognosis in neuroblastoma. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1408-16. [PMID: 23440329 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenylated Rab acceptor 1 domain family, member 2 (PRAF2) is a novel 19-kDa protein with four transmembrane-spanning domains that belongs to the PRAF protein family. Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common malignant extracranial solid tumor of childhood that originates in primitive cells of the developing sympathetic nervous system. We investigated the correlation of PRAF2 mRNA expression to NB clinical and genetic parameters using Affymetrix expression analysis of a series of 88 NB tumors and examined the functional role of PRAF2 in an NB cell line using RNA interference. We found that high PRAF2 expression is significantly correlated to several unfavorable NB characteristics: MYCN amplification, high age at diagnosis, poor outcome and high INSS stage. The shRNA-mediated PRAF2 downregulation in the SK-N-SH NB cell line resulted in decreased cellular proliferation, migration and matrix-attachment. These findings were confirmed in NB patient tumor samples, where high PRAF2 expression is significantly correlated to bone and bone marrow metastasis, the main cause of death in NB patients. The present study shows that PRAF2 plays an essential role in NB tumorigenesis and metastasis.
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Effects of 18-kDa translocator protein knockdown on gene expression of glutamate receptors, transporters, and metabolism, and on cell viability affected by glutamate. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2012; 22:606-19. [PMID: 22732722 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e3283544531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previously, several important roles for glutamate have been described for the biology of primary brain tumors. For example, glutamate has been suggested to promote glioma cell proliferation by the activation of the 2-amino-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)propanoic acid (AMPA) subtype of glutamate receptors. In the present study, we determined the potential regulatory roles of the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) in the glutamatergic system in relation to cell death of brain tumor cells through knockdown of the TSPO by genetic manipulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS With microarray analysis and validation of gene expression of particular genes using real-time PCR, we found effects because of small inhibitory RNA knockdown of the TSPO in human U118MG glioblastoma cells on gene expression of glutamate receptors, glutamate transporters, and enzymes for glutamate metabolism. We also applied antisense RNA to silence TSPO in rat C6 glioblastoma cells and assayed the effects on DNA fragmentation, indicative of apoptosis, because of glutamate exposure. RESULTS In particular, the effects of TSPO silencing in human U118MG cells related to glutamate metabolism indicate a net effect of a reduction in glutamate levels, which may potentially protect the cells in question from cell death. The TSPO knockdown in C6 cells showed that TSPO is required for the induction of apoptosis because of glutamate exposure. CONCLUSION These findings show that interactions between the TSPO and the glutamatergic system may play a role in tumor development of glioblastoma cells. This may also have implications for our understanding of the involvement of the TSPO in secondary brain damage and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Shi GZ, Yuan Y, Jiang GJ, Ge ZJ, Zhou J, Gong DJ, Tao J, Tan YF, Huang SD. PRAF3 induces apoptosis and inhibits migration and invasion in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:97. [PMID: 22433565 PMCID: PMC3353225 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenylated Rab acceptor 1 domain family member 3 (PRAF3) is involved in the regulation of many cellular processes including apoptosis, migration and invasion. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of PRAF3 on apoptosis, migration and invasion in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS The expression of PRAF3 mRNA and protein in primary ESCC and the matched normal tissues (57cases) was determined by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. Immunohistochemical analysis of PRAF3 expression was carried out in paraffin-embedded sections of ESCC and correlated with clinical features. The role of PRAF3 in apoptosis, migration and invasion was studied in ESCC cell lines of Eca109 and TE-1 through the adenovirus mediated PRAF3 gene transfer. The effect of PRAF3 on apoptosis was analyzed by annexin V-FITC assay. The regulation of PRAF3 on migration was determined by transwell and wounding healing assay, while the cellular invasion was analyzed by matrigel-coated transwell assay. RESULTS We found that the expression of PRAF3 was significantly down-regulated in ESCC tissue compared with the matched normal tissue and was correlated with the clinical features of pathological grade, tumor stage and lymph node metastasis. Moreover, overexpression of PRAF3 induced cell apoptosis through both caspase-8 and caspase-9 dependent pathways, and inhibited cell migration and invasion by suppressing the activity of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 in human ESCC cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that PRAF3 plays an important role in the regulation of tumor progression and metastasis and serves as a tumor suppressor in human ESCC. We propose that PRAF3 might be used as a potential therapeutic agent for human ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Zhen Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu, PR China
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Lee MH, Jung C, Lee J, Kim SY, Lee Y, Hwang I. An Arabidopsis prenylated Rab acceptor 1 isoform, AtPRA1.B6, displays differential inhibitory effects on anterograde trafficking of proteins at the endoplasmic reticulum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 157:645-58. [PMID: 21828250 PMCID: PMC3192560 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.180810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Prenylated Rab acceptors (PRAs), members of the Ypt-interacting protein family of small membrane proteins, are thought to aid the targeting of prenylated Rabs to their respective endomembrane compartments. In plants, the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PRA1 family contains 19 members that display varying degrees of sequence homology to animal PRA1 and localize to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and/or endosomes. However, the exact role of these proteins remains to be fully characterized. In this study, the effect of AtPRA1.B6, a member of the AtPRA1 family, on the anterograde trafficking of proteins targeted to various endomembrane compartments was investigated. High levels of AtPRA1.B6 resulted in differential inhibition of coat protein complex II vesicle-mediated anterograde trafficking. The trafficking of the vacuolar proteins sporamin:GFP (for green fluorescent protein) and AALP:GFP, the secretory protein invertase:GFP, and the plasma membrane proteins PMP:GFP and H+-ATPase:GFP was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, while the trafficking of the Golgi-localized proteins ST:GFP and KAM1(ΔC):mRFP was not affected. Conversely, in RNA interference plants displaying lower levels of AtPRA1.B6 transcripts, the trafficking efficiency of sporamin:GFP and AALP:GFP to the vacuole was increased. Localization and N-glycan pattern analyses of cargo proteins revealed that AtPRA1.B6-mediated inhibition of anterograde trafficking occurs at the ER. In addition, AtPRA1.B6 levels were controlled by cellular processes, including 26S proteasome-mediated proteolysis. Based on these results, we propose that AtPRA1.B6 is a negative regulator of coat protein complex II vesicle-mediated anterograde trafficking for a subset of proteins at the ER.
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