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Suzuki H, Kannaka K, Uehara T. Approaches to Reducing Normal Tissue Radiation from Radiolabeled Antibodies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:508. [PMID: 38675468 PMCID: PMC11053530 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiolabeled antibodies are powerful tools for both imaging and therapy in the field of nuclear medicine. Radiolabeling methods that do not release radionuclides from parent antibodies are essential for radiolabeling antibodies, and practical radiolabeling protocols that provide high in vivo stability have been established for many radionuclides, with a few exceptions. However, several limitations remain, including undesirable side effects on the biodistribution profiles of antibodies. This review summarizes the numerous efforts made to tackle this problem and the recent advances, mainly in preclinical studies. These include pretargeting approaches, engineered antibody fragments and constructs, the secondary injection of clearing agents, and the insertion of metabolizable linkages. Finally, we discuss the potential of these approaches and their prospects for further clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan; (K.K.); (T.U.)
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2
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Manafi-Farid R, Ataeinia B, Ranjbar S, Jamshidi Araghi Z, Moradi MM, Pirich C, Beheshti M. ImmunoPET: Antibody-Based PET Imaging in Solid Tumors. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:916693. [PMID: 35836956 PMCID: PMC9273828 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.916693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a molecular imaging modality combining the high sensitivity of PET with the specific targeting ability of monoclonal antibodies. Various radioimmunotracers have been successfully developed to target a broad spectrum of molecules expressed by malignant cells or tumor microenvironments. Only a few are translated into clinical studies and barely into clinical practices. Some drawbacks include slow radioimmunotracer kinetics, high physiologic uptake in lymphoid organs, and heterogeneous activity in tumoral lesions. Measures are taken to overcome the disadvantages, and new tracers are being developed. In this review, we aim to mention the fundamental components of immunoPET imaging, explore the groundbreaking success achieved using this new technique, and review different radioimmunotracers employed in various solid tumors to elaborate on this relatively new imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Manafi-Farid
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Ataeinia
- Department of Radiology, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shaghayegh Ranjbar
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Zahra Jamshidi Araghi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mobin Moradi
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christian Pirich
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mohsen Beheshti
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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van der Geest KSM, Sandovici M, Nienhuis PH, Slart RHJA, Heeringa P, Brouwer E, Jiemy WF. Novel PET Imaging of Inflammatory Targets and Cells for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Giant Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:902155. [PMID: 35733858 PMCID: PMC9207253 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.902155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are two interrelated inflammatory diseases affecting patients above 50 years of age. Patients with GCA suffer from granulomatous inflammation of medium- to large-sized arteries. This inflammation can lead to severe ischemic complications (e.g., irreversible vision loss and stroke) and aneurysm-related complications (such as aortic dissection). On the other hand, patients suffering from PMR present with proximal stiffness and pain due to inflammation of the shoulder and pelvic girdles. PMR is observed in 40-60% of patients with GCA, while up to 21% of patients suffering from PMR are also affected by GCA. Due to the risk of ischemic complications, GCA has to be promptly treated upon clinical suspicion. The treatment of both GCA and PMR still heavily relies on glucocorticoids (GCs), although novel targeted therapies are emerging. Imaging has a central position in the diagnosis of GCA and PMR. While [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) has proven to be a valuable tool for diagnosis of GCA and PMR, it possesses major drawbacks such as unspecific uptake in cells with high glucose metabolism, high background activity in several non-target organs and a decrease of diagnostic accuracy already after a short course of GC treatment. In recent years, our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of GCA and, to some extent, PMR has advanced. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the cellular heterogeneity in the immunopathology of GCA/PMR and discuss how recent advances in specific tissue infiltrating leukocyte and stromal cell profiles may be exploited as a source of novel targets for imaging. Finally, we discuss prospective novel PET radiotracers that may be useful for the diagnosis and treatment monitoring in GCA and PMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelis S. M. van der Geest
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maria Sandovici
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Pieter H. Nienhuis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Riemer H. J. A. Slart
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Brouwer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - William F. Jiemy
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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4
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The Role of VEGF Receptors as Molecular Target in Nuclear Medicine for Cancer Diagnosis and Combination Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051072. [PMID: 33802353 PMCID: PMC7959315 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The rapid development of diagnostic and therapeutic methods of the cancer treatment causes that these diseases are becoming better known and the fight against them is more and more effective. Substantial contribution in this development has nuclear medicine that enables very early cancer diagnosis and early start of the so-called targeted therapy. This therapeutic concept compared to the currently used chemotherapy, causes much fewer undesirable side effects, due to targeting a specific lesion in the body. This review article discusses the possible applications of radionuclide-labelled tracers (peptides, antibodies or synthetic organic molecules) that can visualise cancer cells through pathological blood vessel system in close tumour microenvironment. Hence, at a very early step of oncological disease, targeted therapy can involve in tumour formation and growth. Abstract One approach to anticancer treatment is targeted anti-angiogenic therapy (AAT) based on prevention of blood vessel formation around the developing cancer cells. It is known that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) play a pivotal role in angiogenesis process; hence, application of angiogenesis inhibitors can be an effective approach in anticancer combination therapeutic strategies. Currently, several types of molecules have been utilised in targeted VEGF/VEGFR anticancer therapy, including human VEGF ligands themselves and their derivatives, anti-VEGF or anti-VEGFR monoclonal antibodies, VEGF binding peptides and small molecular inhibitors of VEGFR tyrosine kinases. These molecules labelled with diagnostic or therapeutic radionuclides can become, respectively, diagnostic or therapeutic receptor radiopharmaceuticals. In targeted anti-angiogenic therapy, diagnostic radioagents play a unique role, allowing the determination of the emerging tumour, to monitor the course of treatment, to predict the treatment outcomes and, first of all, to refer patients for AAT. This review provides an overview of design, synthesis and study of radiolabelled VEGF/VEGFR targeting and imaging agents to date. Additionally, we will briefly discuss their physicochemical properties and possible application in combination targeted radionuclide tumour therapy.
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Focused ultrasound for opening blood-brain barrier and drug delivery monitored with positron emission tomography. J Control Release 2020; 324:303-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Signore A, Lauri C, Auletta S, Varani M, Onofrio L, Glaudemans AWJM, Panzuto F, Marchetti P. Radiopharmaceuticals for Breast Cancer and Neuroendocrine Tumors: Two Examples of How Tissue Characterization May Influence the Choice of Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040781. [PMID: 32218303 PMCID: PMC7226069 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular medicine has gained clinical relevance for the detection and staging of oncological diseases, to guide therapy decision making and for therapy follow-up due to the availability of new highly sensitive hybrid imaging camera systems and the development of new tailored radiopharmaceuticals that target specific molecules. The knowledge of the expression of different receptors on the primary tumor and on metastases is important for both therapeutic and prognostic purposes and several approaches are available aiming to achieve personalized medicine in different oncological diseases. In this review, we describe the use of specific radiopharmaceuticals to image and predict therapy response in breast cancer and neuroendocrine tumors since they represent a paradigmatic example of the importance of tumoral characterization of hormonal receptors in order to plan a tailored treatment. The most attractive radiopharmaceuticals for breast cancer are 16α-[18F]-fluoro-17β-estradiol for PET assessment of the estrogen expression, radiolabeled monoclonal antibody trastuzumab to image the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, but also the imaging of androgen receptors with [18F]-fluorodihydrotestosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Signore
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (S.A.); (M.V.); (L.O.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
| | - Chiara Lauri
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (S.A.); (M.V.); (L.O.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Sveva Auletta
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (S.A.); (M.V.); (L.O.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Michela Varani
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (S.A.); (M.V.); (L.O.)
| | - Livia Onofrio
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (S.A.); (M.V.); (L.O.)
| | - Andor W. J. M. Glaudemans
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Francesco Panzuto
- Digestive Disease Unit, AOU Sant’Andrea and ENETS Center of Excellence, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, and IDI-IRCCS, 00189 Rome, Italy;
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Positron emission tomography imaging of vascular endothelial growth factor with 64Cu-labeled bevacizumab for non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis. JOURNAL OF ENDOMETRIOSIS AND PELVIC PAIN DISORDERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2284026519891576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis remains challenging. A promising approach for diagnosing endometriosis is the molecular imaging of vascular endothelial growth factor because angiogenesis plays a role in the establishment of endometriosis. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of copper-64-labeled bevacizumab, an anti–vascular endothelial growth factor antibody, for endometriosis imaging. Methods: Mouse endometriosis model was prepared by autologous transplantation. The vascular endothelial growth factor expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Biodistribution study and positron emission tomography imaging were performed at 1, 24, and 48 h after the injection of radiolabeled bevacizumab. Results: The immunohistochemical staining revealed that vascular endothelial growth factor is expressed around the stroma and glandular epithelial cells in the endometriosis lesion. The biodistribution study showed a high uptake of indium-111 bevacizumab in the endometriosis lesion. Positron emission tomography imaging with copper-64-labeled bevacizumab clearly visualized the endometriosis lesions at 24 and 48 h after injection. Conclusion: These results indicate the potential usefulness of copper-64-labeled bevacizumab for endometriosis imaging.
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Mortimer JE, Shively JE. Functional Imaging of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Breast Cancers and a Note about NOTA. J Nucl Med 2018; 60:23-25. [PMID: 30573641 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.220905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Mortimer
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center/Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
| | - John E Shively
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center/Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
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Mitran B, Güler R, Roche FP, Lindström E, Selvaraju RK, Fleetwood F, Rinne SS, Claesson-Welsh L, Tolmachev V, Ståhl S, Orlova A, Löfblom J. Radionuclide imaging of VEGFR2 in glioma vasculature using biparatopic affibody conjugate: proof-of-principle in a murine model. Theranostics 2018; 8:4462-4476. [PMID: 30214632 PMCID: PMC6134937 DOI: 10.7150/thno.24395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) is a key mediator of angiogenesis and therefore a promising therapeutic target in malignancies including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Molecular imaging of VEGFR2 expression may enable patient stratification for antiangiogenic therapy. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the capacity of the novel anti-VEGFR2 biparatopic affibody conjugate (ZVEGFR2-Bp2) for in vivo visualization of VEGFR2 expression in GBM. Methods: ZVEGFR2-Bp2 coupled to a NODAGA chelator was generated and radiolabeled with indium-111. The VEGFR2-expressing murine endothelial cell line MS1 was used to evaluate in vitro binding specificity and affinity, cellular processing and targeting specificity in mice. Further tumor targeting was studied in vivo in GL261 glioblastoma orthotopic tumors. Experimental imaging was performed. Results: [111In]In-NODAGA-ZVEGFR2-Bp2 bound specifically to VEGFR2 (KD=33±18 pM). VEGFR2-mediated accumulation was observed in liver, spleen and lungs. The tumor-to-organ ratios 2 h post injection for mice bearing MS1 tumors were approximately 11 for blood, 15 for muscles and 78 for brain. Intracranial GL261 glioblastoma was visualized using SPECT/CT. The activity uptake in tumors was significantly higher than in normal brain tissue. The tumor-to-cerebellum ratios after injection of 4 µg [111In]In-NODAGA-ZVEGFR2-Bp2 were significantly higher than the ratios observed for the 40 µg injected dose and for the non-VEGFR2 binding size-matched conjugate, demonstrating target specificity. Microautoradiography of cryosectioned CNS tissue was in good agreement with the SPECT/CT images. Conclusion: The anti-VEGFR2 affibody conjugate [111In]In-NODAGA-ZVEGFR2-Bp2 specifically targeted VEGFR2 in vivo and visualized its expression in a murine GBM orthotopic model. Tumor-to-blood ratios for [111In]In-NODAGA-ZVEGFR2-Bp2 were higher compared to other VEGFR2 imaging probes. [111In]In-NODAGA-ZVEGFR2-Bp2 appears to be a promising probe for in vivo noninvasive visualization of tumor angiogenesis in glioblastoma.
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Site-Specific Fluorescent Labeling of Antibodies and Diabodies Using SpyTag/SpyCatcher System for In Vivo Optical Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 21:54-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1222-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Yudistiro R, Hanaoka H, Katsumata N, Yamaguchi A, Tsushima Y. Bevacizumab Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with Accelerated Blood Clearance Using the Avidin Chase. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2165-2173. [PMID: 29733658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in varying types of solid tumor renders radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab (BV) a promising treatment. However, the slow blood clearance of BV, which may increase the occurrence risk of hematotoxicity, hinders the application of BV-RIT. Using the avidin chase is a long-known blood clearance enhancement strategy for biotinylated-mAb. To enhance RIT efficacy by increasing the radioactivity dose, we evaluated the ability of avidin to accelerate the blood clearance of yttrium-90 (90Y)-labeled biotinylated BV (90Y-Bt-BV) in a xenograft mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The biodistribution study in the TNBC xenograft mice confirmed the high and specific tumor accumulation of the indium-111 (111In)-BV. The blood clearance enhancement effect of the avidin chase was demonstrated in the normal mouse studies with 111In-Bt-BV. In the subsequent biodistribution studies with the tumor-bearing mice, an optimized dose of avidin injection subsequent to 111In-Bt-BV with an appropriate biotin valency successfully accelerated the blood clearance of 111In-Bt-BV without impairing its tumor accumulation level. The avidin chase enabled an increase in the maximum tolerated dose of 90Y-Bt-BV to twice as much as that of 90Y-BV in tumor-bearing mice and thereby significantly improved the therapeutic effect of 90Y-Bt-BV compared to 90Y-BV ( p < 0.05). These results underscored the potential usefulness of 90Y-bevacizumab-RIT with the avidin chase for the treatment of VEGF-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging, Division of Integrated Oncology Research , Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR) , 3-39-22 Showa , Maebashi 371-8511 , Japan
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12
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Marcu LG, Moghaddasi L, Bezak E. Imaging of Tumor Characteristics and Molecular Pathways With PET: Developments Over the Last Decade Toward Personalized Cancer Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 102:1165-1182. [PMID: 29907486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Improvements in personalized therapy are made possible by the advances in molecular biology that led to developments in molecular imaging, allowing highly specific in vivo imaging of biological processes. Positron emission tomography (PET) is the most specific and sensitive imaging technique for in vivo molecular targets and pathways, offering quantification and evaluation of functional properties of the targeted anatomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This work is an integrative research review that summarizes and evaluates the accumulated current status of knowledge of recent advances in PET imaging for cancer diagnosis and treatment, concentrating on novel radiotracers and evaluating their advantages and disadvantages in cancer characterization. Medline search was conducted, limited to English publications from 2007 onward. Identified manuscripts were evaluated for most recent developments in PET imaging of cancer hypoxia, angiogenesis, proliferation, and clonogenic cancer stem cells (CSC). RESULTS There is an expansion observed from purely metabolic-based PET imaging toward antibody-based PET to achieve more information on cancer characteristics to identify hypoxia, proangiogenic factors, CSC, and others. 64Cu-ATSM, for example, can be used both as a hypoxia and a CSC marker. CONCLUSIONS Progress in the field of functional imaging will possibly lead to more specific tumor targeting and personalized treatment, increasing tumor control and improving quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Gabriela Marcu
- Faculty of Science, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania; Cancer Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA, Australia
| | - Leyla Moghaddasi
- GenesisCare, Tennyson Centre, Adelaide SA, Australia; Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, Australia
| | - Eva Bezak
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA, Australia; Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, Australia.
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Shi X, Gao K, Huang H, Gao R. Pretargeted Immuno-PET Based on Bioorthogonal Chemistry for Imaging EGFR Positive Colorectal Cancer. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:250-254. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Shi
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), No. 5 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 10021, PR China
| | - Kai Gao
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), No. 5 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 10021, PR China
| | - Hao Huang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), No. 5 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 10021, PR China
| | - Ran Gao
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), No. 5 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 10021, PR China
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Patel N, Able S, Allen D, Fokas E, Cornelissen B, Gleeson FV, Harris AL, Vallis KA. Monitoring response to anti-angiogenic mTOR inhibitor therapy in vivo using 111In-bevacizumab. EJNMMI Res 2017; 7:49. [PMID: 28560583 PMCID: PMC5449352 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-017-0297-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to image vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) could enable prospective, non-invasive monitoring of patients receiving anti-angiogenic therapy. This study investigates the specificity and pharmacokinetics of 111In-bevacizumab binding to VEGF and its use for assessing response to anti-angiogenic therapy with rapamycin. Specificity of 111In-bevacizumab binding to VEGF was tested in vitro with unmodified radiolabelled bevacizumab in competitive inhibition assays. Uptake of 111In-bevacizumab in BALB/c nude mice bearing tumours with different amounts of VEGF expression was compared to that of isotype-matched control antibody (111In-IgG1κ) with an excess of unlabelled bevacizumab. Intratumoural VEGF was evaluated using ELISA and Western blot analysis. The effect of anti-angiogenesis therapy was tested by measuring tumour uptake of 111In-bevacizumab in comparison to 111In-IgG1κ following administration of rapamycin to mice bearing FaDu xenografts. Uptake was measured using gamma counting of ex vivo tumours and effect on vasculature by using anti-CD31 microscopy. RESULTS Specific uptake of 111In-bevacizumab in VEGF-expressing tumours was observed. Rapamycin led to tumour growth delay associated with increased relative vessel size (8.5 to 10.3, P = 0.045) and decreased mean relative vessel density (0.27 to 0.22, P = 0.0015). Rapamycin treatment increased tumour uptake of 111In-bevacizumab (68%) but not 111In-IgGκ and corresponded with increased intratumoural VEGF165. CONCLUSIONS 111In-bevacizumab accumulates specifically in VEGF-expressing tumours, and changes after rapamycin therapy reflect changes in VEGF expression. Antagonism of mTOR may increase VEGF in vivo, and this new finding provides the basis to consider combination studies blocking both pathways and a way to monitor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel Patel
- Department of Radiology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, OX3 7LE, Oxford, UK.
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Sarah Able
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Danny Allen
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emmanouil Fokas
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bart Cornelissen
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fergus V Gleeson
- Department of Radiology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, OX3 7LE, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Katherine A Vallis
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Development of 89Zr-Ontuxizumab for in vivo TEM-1/endosialin PET applications. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13082-92. [PMID: 26909615 PMCID: PMC4914343 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The complexity of sarcoma has led to the need for patient selection via in vivo biomarkers. Tumor endothelial marker-1 (TEM-1) is a cell surface marker expressed by the tumor microenvironment. Currently MORAb-004 (Ontuxizumab), an anti-TEM-1 humanized monoclonal antibody, is in sarcoma clinical trials. Development of positron emission tomography (PET) for in vivo TEM-1 expression may allow for stratification of patients, potentially enhancing clinical outcomes seen with Ontuxizumab. RESULTS Characterization of cell lines revealed clear differences in TEM-1 expression. One high expressing (RD-ES) and one low expressing (LUPI) cell line were xenografted, and mice were injected with 89Zr-Ontuxizumab. PET imaging post-injection revealed that TEM-1 was highly expressed and readily detectable in vivo only in RD-ES. In vivo biodistribution studies confirmed high radiopharmaceutical uptake in tumor relative to normal organs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Sarcoma cell lines were characterized for TEM-1 expression. Ontuxizumab was labeled with 89Zr and evaluated for immunoreactivity preservation. 89Zr-Ontuxizumab was injected into mice with high or null expressing TEM-1 xenografts. In vivo PET imaging experiments were performed. CONCLUSION 89Zr-Ontuxizumab can be used in vivo to determine high versus low TEM-1 expression. Reliable PET imaging of TEM-1 in sarcoma patients may allow for identification of patients that will attain the greatest benefit from anti-TEM-1 therapy.
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Xu LX, Wang TT, Geng YY, Wang WY, Li Y, Duan XK, Xu B, Liu CC, Liu WH. The direct analysis of drug distribution of rotigotine-loaded microspheres from tissue sections by LESA coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:5217-5223. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Cilliers C, Nessler I, Christodolu N, Thurber GM. Tracking Antibody Distribution with Near-Infrared Fluorescent Dyes: Impact of Dye Structure and Degree of Labeling on Plasma Clearance. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1623-1633. [PMID: 28294622 PMCID: PMC5415873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Monoclonal
antibodies labeled with near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores
have potential use in disease detection, intraoperative imaging, and
pharmacokinetic characterization of therapeutic antibodies in both
the preclinical and clinical setting. Recent work has shown conjugation
of NIR fluorophores to antibodies can potentially alter antibody disposition
at a sufficiently high degree of labeling (DoL); however, other reports
show minimal impact after labeling with NIR fluorophores. In this
work, we label two clinically approved antibodies, Herceptin (trastuzumab)
and Avastin (bevacizumab), with NIR dyes IRDye 800CW (800CW) or Alexa
Fluor 680 (AF680), at 1.2 and 0.3 dyes/antibody and examine the impact
of fluorophore conjugation on antibody plasma clearance and tissue
distribution. At 0.3 DoL, AF680 conjugates exhibited similar clearance
to unlabeled antibody over 17 days while 800CW conjugates diverged
after 4 days, suggesting AF680 is a more suitable choice for long-term
pharmacokinetic studies. At the 1.2 DoL, 800CW conjugates cleared
faster than unlabeled antibodies after several hours, in agreement
with other published reports. The tissue biodistribution for bevacizumab–800CW
and −AF680 conjugates agreed well with literature reported
biodistributions using radiolabels. However, the greater tissue autofluorescence
at 680 nm resulted in limited detection above background at low (∼2
mg/kg) doses and 0.3 DoL for AF680, indicating that 800CW is more
appropriate for short-term biodistribution measurements and intraoperative
imaging. Overall, our work shows a DoL of 0.3 or less for non-site-specifically
labeled antibodies (with a Poisson distribution) is ideal for limiting
the impact of NIR fluorophores on antibody pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Cilliers
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ian Nessler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nikolas Christodolu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Greg M Thurber
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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18
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Kameswaran M, Sarma HD, Dash A. Preclinical evaluation of 131I-Bevacizumab - A prospective agent for radioimmunotherapy in VEGF expressing cancers. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 123:109-113. [PMID: 28260607 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on preparation and evaluation of 131I-bevacizumab by Iodogen method for targeting VEGF over-expressing cancers for therapy. 131I-Bevacizumab exhibited radiochemical purity of 98.0±0.7%. In vitro stability of 131I-Bevacizumab was retained at >85% in both saline and serum at 37°C upto 5 days post iodination. In vitro cell studies showed good immunoreactivity and uptake by VEGF expressing tumor cells. Uptake and retention of 131I-Bevacizumab in tumor with reduction in uptake in presence of cold Bevacizumab confirmed its specificity to VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythili Kameswaran
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - Haladhar Dev Sarma
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
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Tesan F, Cerqueira-Coutinho C, Salgueiro J, de Souza Albernaz M, Pinto SR, Rezende Dos Reis SR, Bernardes ES, Chiapetta D, Zubillaga M, Santos-Oliveira R. Characterization and biodistribution of bevacizumab TPGS-based nanomicelles: Preliminary studies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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20
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Taurone S, Galli F, Signore A, Agostinelli E, Dierckx RAJO, Minni A, Pucci M, Artico M. VEGF in nuclear medicine: Clinical application in cancer and future perspectives (Review). Int J Oncol 2016; 49:437-47. [PMID: 27277340 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials using antiangiogenic drugs revealed their potential against cancer. Unfortunately, a large percentage of patients does not yet benefit from this therapeutic approach highlighting the need of diagnostic tools to non-invasively evaluate and monitor response to therapy. It would also allow to predict which kind of patient will likely benefit of antiangiogenic therapy. Reasons for treatment failure might be due to a low expression of the drug targets or prevalence of other pathways. Molecular imaging has been therefore explored as a diagnostic technique of choice. Since the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF/VEGFR) pathway is the main responsible of tumor angiogenesis, several new drugs targeting either the soluble ligand or its receptor to inhibit signaling leading to tumor regression could be involved. Up today, it is difficult to determine VEGF or VEGFR local levels and their non-invasive measurement in tumors might give insight into the available target for VEGF/VEGFR-dependent antiangiogenic therapies, allowing therapy decision making and monitoring of response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filippo Galli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Signore
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Agostinelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences 'A. Rossi Fanelli', 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Minni
- Department of Sensory Organs, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Pucci
- Department of Sensory Organs, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Artico
- Department of Sensory Organs, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
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21
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Personalizing NSCLC therapy by characterizing tumors using TKI-PET and immuno-PET. Lung Cancer 2016; 107:1-13. [PMID: 27319335 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy has entered a rapidly advancing era of precision medicine with an ever increasing number of drugs directed against a variety of specific tumor targets. Amongst these new agents, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are most frequently used. However, as only a sensitive subgroup of patients benefits from targeting drugs, predictive biomarkers are needed. Positron emission tomography (PET) may offer such a biomarker for predicting therapy efficacy. Some of the TKIs and mAbs that are in clinical use can be radioactively labeled and used as tracers. PET can visualize and quantify tumor specific uptake of radiolabeled targeting drugs, allowing for characterization of their pharmacokinetic behavior. In this review, the clinical potential of PET using radiolabeled TKIs (TKI-PET) and mAbs (immuno-PET) in NSCLC is discussed, and an overview is provided of the most relevant preclinical and clinical studies.
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Kameswaran M, Pandey U, Gamre N, Vimalnath KV, Sarma HD, Dash A. Evaluation of (177)Lu-CHX-A''-DTPA-Bevacizumab as a radioimmunotherapy agent targeting VEGF expressing cancers. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 114:196-201. [PMID: 27258216 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at the preparation and evaluation of (177)Lu-CHX-A''-DTPA-Bevacizumab for targeting VEGF over-expressing cancers. Bevacizumab conjugated to p-NCS-Bn-CHX-A''-DTPA was radiolabeled with (177)Lu. The radioimmunoconjugate characterized by SE-HPLC exhibited radiochemical purity of 98.0±0.6%. In vitro stability was retained upto 4 days at 37°C. In vitro cell binding studies showed good uptake by VEGF expressing U937 tumor cells. Biodistribution studies in melanoma model showed significant uptake and retention of (177)Lu-CHX-A''-DTPA-Bevacizumab in tumor with reduction in uptake in presence of cold Bevacizumab confirming its specificity to VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythili Kameswaran
- Isotope Production & Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - Usha Pandey
- Isotope Production & Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Naresh Gamre
- Isotope Production & Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - K V Vimalnath
- Isotope Production & Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Haladhar Dev Sarma
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Isotope Production & Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
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23
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Radchenko V, Bouziotis P, Tsotakos T, Paravatou-Petsotas M, la Fuente AD, Loudos G, Harris AL, Xanthopoulos S, Filosofov D, Hauser H, Eisenhut M, Ponsard B, Roesch F. Labeling and preliminary in vivo assessment of niobium-labeled radioactive species: A proof-of-concept study. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:280-7. [PMID: 27150030 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The application of radionuclide-labeled biomolecules such as monoclonal antibodies or antibody fragments for imaging purposes is called immunoscintigraphy. More specifically, when the nuclides used are positron emitters, such as zirconium-89, the technique is referred to as immuno-PET. Currently, there is an urgent need for radionuclides with a half-life which correlates well with the biological kinetics of the biomolecules under question and which can be attached to the proteins by robust labeling chemistry. (90)Nb is a promising candidate for in vivo immuno-PET, due its half-life of 14.6h and low β(+) energy of Emean=0.35MeV per decay. (95)Nb on the other hand, is a convenient alternative for longer-term ex vivo biodistribution studies, due to its longer half-life of (t½=35days) and its convenient, lower-cost production (reactor-based production). In this proof-of-principle work, the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab (Avastin(®)) was labeled with (95/90)Nb and in vitro and in vivo stability was evaluated in normal Swiss mice and in tumor-bearing SCID mice. Initial ex vivo experiments with (95)Nb-bevacizumab showed adequate tumor uptake, however at the same time high uptake in the liver, spleen and kidneys was observed. In order to investigate whether this behavior is due to instability of (⁎)Nb-bevacizumab or to the creation of other (⁎)Nb species in vivo, we performed biodistribution studies of (95)Nb-oxalate, (95)Nb-chloride and (95)Nb-Df. These potential metabolite species did not show any specific uptake, apart from bone accumulation for (95)Nb-oxalate and (95)Nb-chloride, which, interestingly, may serve as an "indicator" for the release of (90)Nb from labeled biomolecules. Concerning the initial uptake of (95)Nb-bevacizumab in non-tumor tissue, biodistribution of a higher specific activity radiolabeled antibody sample did show only negligible uptake in the liver, spleen, kidneys or bones. In-vivo imaging of a tumor-bearing SCID mouse after injection with (90)Nb-bevacizumab was acquired on an experimental small-animal PET camera, and indeed showed localization of the radiotracer in the tumor area. It is the first time that such results are described in the literature, and indicates promise of application of (90)Nb-labeled antibodies for the purposes of immuno-PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Radchenko
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Penelope Bouziotis
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Tsotakos
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Mari Paravatou-Petsotas
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Ana de la Fuente
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - George Loudos
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", Athens, Greece; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stavros Xanthopoulos
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Dmitry Filosofov
- Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute of Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, Russian Federation
| | - Harald Hauser
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Eisenhut
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernard Ponsard
- Institute of Nuclear Materials Science, BR2 Reactor, Radioisotopes and NTD Silicon Production, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCKCEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Frank Roesch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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24
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Sakr OS, Berndt S, Carpentier G, Cuendet M, Jordan O, Borchard G. Arming embolic beads with anti-VEGF antibodies and controlling their release using LbL technology. J Control Release 2016; 224:199-207. [PMID: 26780173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is used to treat various types of hypervascular tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma and renal cancer. However, embolization and blocking of blood vessels nourishing a tumor mass evokes an angiogenic response due to the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which results in the formation of new blood vessels and eventually limitation in therapeutic efficacy. The presented work investigates the feasibility of loading the clinically used embolic beads (DC Bead®) with Bevacizumab (BEV), an anti-VEGF antibody, and control its release kinetics via Layer-by-Layer (LbL) coating. This strategy has the aim to achieve high, localized and sustained concentrations of BEV at the tumor site and reduce drug exposure in the systemic circulation. High loading of BEV on lyophilized beads of about 76mg BEV/bead vial was achieved. LbL coating was carried out by depositing alternating layers of the biocompatible polymers alginate and poly-L-lysine. Coating was proven successful by monitoring the reversal of zeta potential after addition of each layer. Morphological changes of the bead surface before and after coating were illustrated using SEM imaging. Moreover, release profiles from different formulations were studied and results showed that optimizing the number of deposited layers effectively slows the release of BEV for three days. Activity of released BEV was studied in different 2D and 3D cell based assays. Released BEV fractions showed comparable activity to fresh BEV solution used as control after 3days. In conclusion, our results suggest the opportunity for loading anti-VEGF antibodies on commercially available embolic beads to increase the efficacy of TACE of hypervascular tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Sakr
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - S Berndt
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - G Carpentier
- CRRET Laboratory, University of Paris Est Creteil Val de Marne, Avenue du Général de Gaulle 61, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
| | - M Cuendet
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - O Jordan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - G Borchard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Targeted therapy is gaining prominence in the management of different cancers. Given different mechanism of action compared with traditional chemoradiotherapy, selection of patients for targeted therapy and monitoring response to these agents is difficult with conventional imaging. Various new PET radiopharmaceuticals have been evaluated for molecular imaging of these targets to achieve specific patient selection and response monitoring. These PET/computed tomography (CT) agents target the cell surface receptors, hormone receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, or angiogenesis components. This article reviews the established and potential role of PET/CT with new radiopharmaceuticals for guiding targeted therapy.
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Bédouet L, Verret V, Louguet S, Servais E, Pascale F, Beilvert A, Baylatry MT, Labarre D, Moine L, Laurent A. Anti-angiogenic drug delivery from hydrophilic resorbable embolization microspheres: An in vitro study with sunitinib and bevacizumab. Int J Pharm 2015; 484:218-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Carbary-Ganz JL, Welge WA, Barton JK, Utzinger U. In vivo molecular imaging of colorectal cancer using quantum dots targeted to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and optical coherence tomography/laser-induced fluorescence dual-modality imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:096015. [PMID: 26397238 PMCID: PMC4963467 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.9.096015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography/laser induced fluorescence (OCT/LIF) dual-modality imaging allows for minimally invasive, nondestructive endoscopic visualization of colorectal cancer in mice. This technology enables simultaneous longitudinal tracking of morphological (OCT) and biochemical (fluorescence) changes as colorectal cancer develops, compared to current methods of colorectal cancer screening in humans that rely on morphological changes alone. We have shown that QDot655 targeted to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (QD655-VEGFR2) can be applied to the colon of carcinogen-treated mice and provides significantly increased contrast between the diseased and undiseased tissue with high sensitivity and specificity ex vivo. QD655-VEGFR2 was used in a longitudinal in vivo study to investigate the ability to correlate fluorescence signal to tumor development. QD655-VEGFR2 was applied to the colon of azoxymethane (AOM-) or saline-treated control mice in vivo via lavage. OCT/LIF images of the distal colon were taken at five consecutive time points every three weeks after the final AOM injection. Difficulties in fully flushing unbound contrast agent from the colon led to variable background signal; however, a spatial correlation was found between tumors identified in OCT images, and high fluorescence intensity of the QD655 signal, demonstrating the ability to detect VEGFR2 expressing tumors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L. Carbary-Ganz
- University of Arizona, Biomedical Engineering, Thomas W. Keating Bioresearch Building, 1657 E Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 84721, United States
| | - Weston A. Welge
- University of Arizona, Biomedical Engineering, Thomas W. Keating Bioresearch Building, 1657 E Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 84721, United States
| | - Jennifer K. Barton
- University of Arizona, Biomedical Engineering, Thomas W. Keating Bioresearch Building, 1657 E Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 84721, United States
| | - Urs Utzinger
- University of Arizona, Biomedical Engineering, Thomas W. Keating Bioresearch Building, 1657 E Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 84721, United States
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64Cu-DOTA-anti-CTLA-4 mAb enabled PET visualization of CTLA-4 on the T-cell infiltrating tumor tissues. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109866. [PMID: 25365349 PMCID: PMC4217715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) targeted therapy by anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) is highly effective in cancer patients. However, it is extremely expensive and potentially produces autoimmune-related adverse effects. Therefore, the development of a method to evaluate CTLA-4 expression prior to CTLA-4-targeted therapy is expected to open doors to evidence-based and cost-efficient medical care and to avoid adverse effects brought about by ineffective therapy. In this study, we aimed to develop a molecular imaging probe for CTLA-4 visualization in tumor. First, we examined CTLA-4 expression in normal colon tissues, cultured CT26 cells, and CT26 tumor tissues from tumor-bearing BALB/c mice and BALB/c nude mice by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and confirmed whether CTLA-4 is strongly expressed in CT26 tumor tissues. Second, we newly synthesized 64Cu-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N″,N‴-tetraacetic acid-anti-mouse CTLA-4 mAb (64Cu-DOTA-anti-CTLA-4 mAb) and evaluated its usefulness in positron emission tomography (PET) and ex-vivo biodistribution analysis in CT26-bearing BALB/c mice. High CTLA-4 expression was confirmed in the CT26 tumor tissues of tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. However, CTLA-4 expression was extremely low in the cultured CT26 cells and the CT26 tumor tissues of tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice. The results suggested that T cells were responsible for the high CTLA-4 expression. Furthermore, 64Cu-DOTA-anti-CTLA-4 mAb displayed significantly high accumulation in the CT26 tumor, thereby realizing non-invasive CTLA-4 visualization in the tumor. Together, the results indicate that 64Cu-DOTA-anti-CTLA-4 mAb would be useful for the evaluation of CTLA-4 expression in tumor.
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29
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Hong H, Chen F, Zhang Y, Cai W. New radiotracers for imaging of vascular targets in angiogenesis-related diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 76:2-20. [PMID: 25086372 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous advances over the last several decades in positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) allow for targeted imaging of molecular and cellular events in the living systems. Angiogenesis, a multistep process regulated by the network of different angiogenic factors, has attracted world-wide interests, due to its pivotal role in the formation and progression of different diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and inflammation. In this review article, we will summarize the recent progress in PET or SPECT imaging of a wide variety of vascular targets in three major angiogenesis-related diseases: cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation. Faster drug development and patient stratification for a specific therapy will become possible with the facilitation of PET or SPECT imaging and it will be critical for the maximum benefit of patients.
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30
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Mammatas LH, Verheul HMW, Hendrikse NH, Yaqub M, Lammertsma AA, Menke-van der Houven van Oordt CW. Molecular imaging of targeted therapies with positron emission tomography: the visualization of personalized cancer care. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2014; 38:49-64. [PMID: 25248503 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-014-0194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Molecular imaging has been defined as the visualization, characterization and measurement of biological processes at the molecular and cellular level in humans and other living systems. In oncology it enables to visualize (part of) the functional behaviour of tumour cells, in contrast to anatomical imaging that focuses on the size and location of malignant lesions. Available molecular imaging techniques include single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET) and optical imaging. In PET, a radiotracer consisting of a positron emitting radionuclide attached to the biologically active molecule of interest is administrated to the patient. Several approaches have been undertaken to use PET for the improvement of personalized cancer care. For example, a variety of radiolabelled ligands have been investigated for intratumoural target identification and radiolabelled drugs have been developed for direct visualization of the biodistibution in vivo, including intratumoural therapy uptake. First indications of the clinical value of PET for target identification and response prediction in oncology have been reported. This new imaging approach is rapidly developing, but uniformity of scanning processes, standardized methods for outcome evaluation and implementation in daily clinical practice are still in progress. In this review we discuss the available literature on molecular imaging with PET for personalized targeted treatment strategies. CONCLUSION Molecular imaging with radiolabelled targeted anticancer drugs has great potential for the improvement of personalized cancer care. The non-invasive quantification of drug accumulation in tumours and normal tissues provides understanding of the biodistribution in relation to therapeutic and toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemonitsa H Mammatas
- Dept of Medical Oncology VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Martinez JO, Evangelopoulos M, Karun V, Shegog E, Wang JA, Boada C, Liu X, Ferrari M, Tasciotti E. The effect of multistage nanovector targeting of VEGFR2 positive tumor endothelia on cell adhesion and local payload accumulation. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9824-9832. [PMID: 25176066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanovectors are a viable solution to the formulation of poorly soluble anticancer drugs. Their bioaccumulation in the tumor parenchyma is mainly achieved exploiting the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of the leaky neovasculature. In this paper we demonstrate that multistage nanovectors (MSV) exhibit rapid tumoritropic homing independent of EPR, relying on particle geometry and surface adhesion. By studying endothelial cells overexpressing vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2), we developed MSV able to preferentially target VEGFR2 expressing tumor-associated vessels. Static and dynamic targeting revealed that MSV conjugated with anti-VEGFR2 antibodies displayed greater than a 4-fold increase in targeting efficiency towards VEGFR2 expressing cells while exhibiting minimal adherence to control cells. Additionally, VEGFR2 conjugation bestowed MSV with a significant increase in breast tumor targeting and in the delivery of a model payload while decreasing their accumulation in the liver. Surface functionalization with an anti-VEGFR2 antibody provided enhanced affinity towards the tumor vascular endothelium, which promoted enhanced adhesion and tumoritropic accumulation of a reporter molecule released by the MSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan O Martinez
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, 6767 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Evangelopoulos
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vivek Karun
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Evan Shegog
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joshua A Wang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christian Boada
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, 3000 Ave. Morones Prieto Esquina Con Dr. Cantú, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Radiolabeling of HTE1PA: A new monopicolinate cyclam derivative for Cu-64 phenotypic imaging. In vitro and in vivo stability studies in mice. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41 Suppl:e49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Detection of vascular endothelial growth factor in colon cancer xenografts using bevacizumab based near infrared fluorophore conjugate. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:35. [PMID: 24780003 PMCID: PMC4012715 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-21-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to develop the near infrared fluorescence (NIRF)-based imaging agent for the visualization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in colon cancer. AlexaFluor 750 conjugating with bevacizumab, and injected intravenously into nude mice bearing VEGF over-expressing HT29 human colorectal cancer. Optical imaging was performed at 15 min, 24 h and 48 h post injection. Immunofluorescences staining of the tumor sections were performed. HT29 colorectal cancer xenografts were clearly visualized with bevacizumab-AlexaFluor 750. Results Ex vivo analysis showed 2.1 ± 0.4%, 37.6 ± 6.3% and 38.5 ± 6.2% injected dose/g accumulated in the tumors at 15 min, 24 h and 48 h respectively. Tumor uptake was significantly decreased in pretreated with excess of bevacizumab (p = 0.002). Immunofluorescence analysis showed strong staining of anti-CD 31 antibody around the blood vessels. Anti-VEGF-A and bevacizumab showed heterogeneous expression throughout the tumor. Conclusions Current study successfully detected the VEGF expression in HT29 colorectal cancer xenografts, signifying as a potential agent for non-invasive imaging of VEGF expression, which may be applied in clinical practice.
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Jacobson O, Chen X. Interrogating tumor metabolism and tumor microenvironments using molecular positron emission tomography imaging. Theranostic approaches to improve therapeutics. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:1214-56. [PMID: 24064460 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.007625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive molecular imaging technology that is becoming increasingly important for the measurement of physiologic, biochemical, and pharmacological functions at cellular and molecular levels in patients with cancer. Formation, development, and aggressiveness of tumor involve a number of molecular pathways, including intrinsic tumor cell mutations and extrinsic interaction between tumor cells and the microenvironment. Currently, evaluation of these processes is mainly through biopsy, which is invasive and limited to the site of biopsy. Ongoing research on specific target molecules of the tumor and its microenvironment for PET imaging is showing great potential. To date, the use of PET for diagnosing local recurrence and metastatic sites of various cancers and evaluation of treatment response is mainly based on [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([(18)F]FDG), which measures glucose metabolism. However, [(18)F]FDG is not a target-specific PET tracer and does not give enough insight into tumor biology and/or its vulnerability to potential treatments. Hence, there is an increasing need for the development of selective biologic radiotracers that will yield specific biochemical information and allow for noninvasive molecular imaging. The possibility of cancer-associated targets for imaging will provide the opportunity to use PET for diagnosis and therapy response monitoring (theranostics) and thus personalized medicine. This article will focus on the review of non-[(18)F]FDG PET tracers for specific tumor biology processes and their preclinical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Jacobson
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
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Paudyal B, Zhang K, Chen CP, Wampole ME, Mehta N, Mitchell EP, Gray BD, Mattis JA, Pak KY, Thakur ML, Wickstrom E. Determining efficacy of breast cancer therapy by PET imaging of HER2 mRNA. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 40:994-9. [PMID: 24074944 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monitoring the effectiveness of therapy early and accurately continues to be challenging. We hypothesize that determination of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) mRNA in malignant breast cancer (BC) cells by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, before and after treatment, would reflect therapeutic efficacy. METHOD WT4340, a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) 12-mer complementary to HER2 mRNA was synthesized together with -CSKC, a cyclic peptide, which facilitated internalization of the PNA via IGFR expressed on BC cells, and DOTA that chelated Cu-64. Mice (n = 8) with BT474 ER+/HER2+ human BC received doxorubicin (DOX, 1.5mg/kg) i.p. once a week for six weeks. Mice (n = 8) without DOX served as controls. All mice were PET imaged with F-18-FDG and 48 h later with Cu-64-WT4340. PET imaging were performed before and 72 h after each treatment. Standardized uptake values (SUVs) were determined and percent change calculated. Animal body weight (BW) and tumor volume (TV) were measured. RESULTS SUVs for Cu-64-WT4340 after DOX treatment declined by 54% ± 17% after the second dose, 41% ± 15% after the fourth dose, and 29% ± 7% after the sixth dose, compared with 42% ± 22%, 31% ± 18%, and 13% ± 9% (p<0.05) for F-18-FDG. In untreated mice, the corresponding percent SUVs for Cu-64-WT4340 were 145% ± 82%, 165% ± 39%, and 212% ± 105% of pretreatment SUV, compared with 108% ± 28%, 151% ± 8%, and 152% ± 35.5%, (p<0.08) for F-18-FDG. TV in mice after second dose was 114.15% ± 61.83%, compared with 144.7% ± 64.4% for control mice. BW of DOX-treated mice was 103.4% ± 7.6% of pretreatment, vs. 100.1% ± 4.3% for control mice. CONCLUSION Therapeutic efficacy was apparent sooner by molecular PET imaging than by determination of reduction in TV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnuhari Paudyal
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, JAH 474, Philadelphia PA 19107, USA.
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Pavlidis ET, Pavlidis TE. Role of bevacizumab in colorectal cancer growth and its adverse effects: A review. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:5051-5060. [PMID: 23964138 PMCID: PMC3746376 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i31.5051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis affects both wound healing and malignant cell growth through nutrients and oxygen. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most important element involved in this complex process. Inhibition of VEGF influences angiogenesis and may restrict tumor growth and metastatic ability. Modern anti-angiogenic therapy is based on this theory. Bevacizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody (immunoglobulin G1) which binds with VEGF-A forming a large molecule. It can not be bound with VEGF tyrosine kinase receptors preventing VEGF-A incorporation; thus its activity is inhibited inducing blockage of VEGF-mediated angiogenesis. Bevacizumab, in combination with chemotherapy or other novel targeted therapeutic agents, is currently used more frequently in clinical practice, mainly for managing advanced colorectal cancer. It is also used for managing other malignancies, such as breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, non small-cell lung cancer, metastatic renal carcinoma and ovarian tumors. Although it is generally considered a safe treatment, there are reports of some rare side effects which should be taken into account. Recent experiments in rats and mice show promising results with a wider therapeutic range.
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Khorami-Moghadam A, Bolouri B, Jalilian AR, Bahrami-Samani NMA, Mazidi SM, Alirezapour B. Preclinical evaluation of holmium-166 labeled anti-VEGF-A(Bevacizumab). J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 56:365-9. [PMID: 24285474 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabeled antiangiogenic monoclonal antibodies are potential agents for targeted therapy in specific types of malignancies. In this study, (166)Ho-DOTA-Bevacizumab was used in biodistribution studies using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to acquire dosimetric aspects of the radiolabeled antibody in mice. The liver toxicity of the radiolabeled antibody was also determined using serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase assay 2-7 days post-injection. The SPECT biodistribution demonstrated a similar pattern as the other radiolabeled anti-vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) immunoconjugates. (166)Ho-DOTA-Bevacizumab was revealed as a potential compound for therapy/imaging of VEGF-A expression in oncology.
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Chang AJ, Sohn R, Lu ZH, Arbeit JM, Lapi SE. Detection of rapalog-mediated therapeutic response in renal cancer xenografts using ⁶⁴Cu-bevacizumab immunoPET. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58949. [PMID: 23516584 PMCID: PMC3597567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of neovascularization for primary and metastatic tumor growth fostered numerous clinical trials of angiogenesis inhibitors either alone or in combination with conventional antineoplastic therapies. One challenge with the use of molecularly targeted agents has been the disconnection between size reduction and tumor biologic behavior, either when the drug is efficacious or when tumor resistance emerges. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of (64)Cu-NOTA-bevacizumab as a PET imaging agent for imaging intratumoral VEGF content in vivo. (64)Cu-NOTA-bevacizumab avidly accumulated in 786-O renal carcinoma xenografts with lower levels in host organs. RAD001 (everolimus) markedly attenuated (64)Cu-NOTA-bevacizumab accumulation within 786-O renal carcinoma xenografts. Tumor tissue and cellular molecular analysis validated PET imaging, demonstrating decreases in total and secreted VEGF content and VEGFR2 activation. Notably, (64)Cu-NOTA-bevacizumab PET imaging was concordant with the growth arrest of RAD001 tumors. These data suggest that immunoPET targeting of angiogenic factors such as VEGF could be a new class of surrogate markers complementing the RECIST criteria in patients receiving molecularly targeted therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacokinetics
- Bevacizumab
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Copper Radioisotopes
- Everolimus
- Heterocyclic Compounds/chemistry
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring
- Humans
- Immunoconjugates
- Kidney Neoplasms/blood supply
- Kidney Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Kidney Neoplasms/therapy
- Mice
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Positron-Emission Tomography
- Sirolimus/analogs & derivatives
- Sirolimus/chemistry
- Sirolimus/pharmacology
- Treatment Outcome
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J. Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Sohn
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Zhi Hong Lu
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Arbeit
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SEL); (JMA)
| | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SEL); (JMA)
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Ding H, Wu F. Image guided biodistribution and pharmacokinetic studies of theranostics. Am J Cancer Res 2012; 2:1040-53. [PMID: 23227121 PMCID: PMC3516836 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Image guided technique is playing an increasingly important role in the investigation of the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of drugs or drug delivery systems in various diseases, especially cancers. Besides anatomical imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), molecular imaging strategy including optical imaging, positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) will facilitate the localization and quantization of radioisotope or optical probe labeled nanoparticle delivery systems in the category of theranostics. The quantitative measurement of the bio-distribution and pharmacokinetics of theranostics in the fields of new drug/probe development, diagnosis and treatment process monitoring as well as tracking the brain-blood-barrier (BBB) breaking through by high sensitive imaging method, and the applications of the representative imaging modalities are summarized in this review.
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Jensen ATI, Binderup T, Andresen TL, Kjær A, Rasmussen PH. PET imaging of liposomes labeled with an [18F]-fluorocholesteryl ether probe prepared by automated radiosynthesis. J Liposome Res 2012; 22:295-305. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2012.698418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Ashrafi SA, Hosseinimehr SJ, Varmira K, Abedi SM. Radioimmunotherapy with ¹³¹I-bevacizumab as a specific molecule for cells with overexpression of the vascular endothelial growth factor. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2012; 27:420-5. [PMID: 22690909 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bevacizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor A and is used for the treatment of several cancers. We labeled this monoclonal antibody with Iodine-131 (¹³¹I) and performed in vitro quality control and tumor cell growth inhibition tests. Bevacizumab was labeled with ¹³¹I using chloramine T. Radiochemical purity and stability in phosphate-buffered saline and human blood serum were determined using thin-layer chromatography and radio-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively, performed at different times. Cell-specific binding, internalization, and toxicity of the radiolabeled antibody were tested using the SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cell line. The biodistribution of ¹³¹I-bevacizumab was investigated using male mice. The radiochemical purity of the complex was 99% ± 0.7%. Its stability in phosphate-buffered saline and human blood serum at 48 hours postpreparation was 78% ± 1.2% and 93% ± 0.6%, respectively. (131)I-bevacizumab was significantly bound to SKOV-3. The internalization of ¹³¹I-bevacizumab was time dependent, and it was cleared from the blood after 24 hours. Significant reductions in SKOV-3 cell viability were achieved with (131)I-bevacizumab at a concentration of 500 nM. A low accumulation of ¹³¹I-bevacizumab was observed in the stomach and salivary glands after 24 hours and 48 hours. These findings indicate that the new radiolabeled antibody should be further evaluated in animals and, possibly, in humans as a new radiopharmaceutical agent for use in radioimmunotherapy for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeb Ahmad Ashrafi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Shetty D, Jeong JM, Shim H. Stroma targeting nuclear imaging and radiopharmaceuticals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR IMAGING 2012; 2012:817682. [PMID: 22685650 PMCID: PMC3364577 DOI: 10.1155/2012/817682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Malignant transformation of tumor accompanies profound changes in the normal neighboring tissue, called tumor stroma. The tumor stroma provides an environment favoring local tumor growth, invasion, and metastatic spreading. Nuclear imaging (PET/SPECT) measures biochemical and physiologic functions in the human body. In oncology, PET/SPECT is particularly useful for differentiating tumors from postsurgical changes or radiation necrosis, distinguishing benign from malignant lesions, identifying the optimal site for biopsy, staging cancers, and monitoring the response to therapy. Indeed, PET/SPECT is a powerful, proven diagnostic imaging modality that displays information unobtainable through other anatomical imaging, such as CT or MRI. When combined with coregistered CT data, [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([(18)F]FDG)-PET is particularly useful. However, [(18)F]FDG is not a target-specific PET tracer. This paper will review the tumor microenvironment targeting oncologic imaging such as angiogenesis, invasion, hypoxia, growth, and homing, and also therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals to provide a roadmap for additional applications of tumor imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Shetty
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1701 Uppergate Drive, C5008, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jae-Min Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110744, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsuk Shim
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1701 Uppergate Drive, C5008, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Radchenko V, Hauser H, Eisenhut M, Vugts DJ, van Dongen GAMS, Roesch F. 90Nb – a potential PET nuclide: production and labeling of monoclonal antibodies. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2012. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2012.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Fast progressing immuno-PET gives reasons to develop new potential medium-long and long-lived radioisotopes. One of the promising candidates is 90Nb. It has a half-life of 14.6 h, which allows visualizing and quantifying processes with medium and slow kinetics, such as tumor accumulation of antibodies and antibodies fragments or polymers and other nanoparticles. 90Nb exhibits a high positron branching of 53% and an optimal energy of β
+ emission of E
mean=0.35 MeV only. Consequently, efficient radionuclide production routes and NbV labeling techniques are required.
90Nb was produced by the 90Zr(p,n) 90Nb nuclear reaction on natural zirconium targets. No-carrier-added (n.c.a.) 90Nb was separated from the zirconium target via a multi-step separation procedure including extraction steps and ion-exchange chromatography. Protein labeling was exemplified using the bifunctional chelator desferrioxamine attached to the monoclonal antibody rituximab. Desferrioxamine was coupled to rituximab via two different routes, by the use of N-succinyl-desferrioxamine (N-suc-Df) and by means of the bifunctional derivative p-isothiocyanatobenzyl-desferrioxamine B (Df-Bz-NCS), respectively. Following antibody modification, labeling with 90Nb was performed in HEPES buffer at pH 7 at room temperature. In vitro stability of the radiolabeled conjugates was tested in saline buffer at room temperature and in fetal calf serum (FCS) at 37 ºC.
The selected production route led to a high yield of 145 ± 10 MBq/μA h of 90Nb with high radioisotopic purity of >97%. This yield may allow for large scale production of about 10 GBq 90Nb. The separation procedure resulted in 76–81% yield. The Zr/90Nb decontamination factor reaches 107. Subsequent radiolabeling of the two different conjugates with 90Nb gave high yields; after one hour incubation at room temperature, more than 90% of 90Nb-Df-mAb was formed in both cases. At room temperature in aqueous solution, both 90Nb-Df-mAb constructs were more than 99% stable over a period of 18 d.
The developed production and separation strategy provided 90Nb with purity appropriate for radiolabeling applications. Labeling and stability studies proved the applicability of 90Nb as a potential positron emitter for immuno-PET.
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Khorami-Moghadam A, Jalilian AR, Yavari K, Bolouri B, Bahrami-Samani A, Ghannadi-Maragheh M. Production and quality control of [166Ho]-DOTA-bevacizumab for therapeutic applications. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-1640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Winter PM, Taylor MD. Magnetic Resonance Molecular Imaging of Plaque Angiogenesis. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-011-9121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Achmad A, Hanaoka H, Yoshioka H, Yamamoto S, Tominaga H, Araki T, Ohshima Y, Oriuchi N, Endo K. Predicting cetuximab accumulation in KRAS wild-type and KRAS mutant colorectal cancer using 64Cu-labeled cetuximab positron emission tomography. Cancer Sci 2011; 103:600-5. [PMID: 22126621 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is common in colorectal cancer. However, cetuximab as an EGFR-targeting drug is useful only for a subset of patients and currently no single predictor other than V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutation status has been established. In the present study, we investigated cetuximab accumulation in colorectal tumors and major organs using (111)In-DOTA-cetuximab. We also evaluated the potential of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of (64)Cu-DOTA-cetuximab. Colorectal tumor xenografts with a different EGFR expression level and KRAS mutation status were subjected to in vivo biodistribution study and PET imaging at 48 h post-injection of radiolabeled cetuximab. The EGFR expression levels on colorectal tumors were determined by ex vivo immunoblotting and ELISA. We found that KRAS wild-type tumors had significantly higher (111)In-DOTA-cetuximab accumulation than KRAS mutant tumors (P < 0.001). Based on KRAS mutation status, a strong correlation was found between (111)In-DOTA-cetuximab tumor uptake and EGFR expression level (KRAS wild type: r = 0.988; KRAS mutant: r = 0.829), and between (64)Cu-DOTA-cetuximab tumor uptake with EGFR expression level (KRAS wild type: r = 0.838; KRAS mutant: r = 0.927). Significant correlation was also found between tumor uptake of (111)In-DOTA-cetuximab and (64)Cu-DOTA-cetuximab (r = 0.920). PET imaging with (64)Cu-DOTA-cetuximab allowed clear visualization of tumors. Both radiolabeled cetuximab had effectively visualized cetuximab accumulation in colorectal tumors with a wide variety of EGFR expression levels and different KRAS mutation status as commonly encountered in the clinical setting. Our findings suggest that this radioimmunoimaging therefore can be clinically translated as an in vivo tool to predict cetuximab accumulation in colorectal cancer patients prior to cetuximab therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arifudin Achmad
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.
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Niu G, Chen X. Size effect in molecular imaging of vascular endothelial growth factor. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2011; 18:819-20. [PMID: 21802000 PMCID: PMC3629963 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Visualizing and quantifying vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels are crucial factors in understanding the tumor environment and monitoring antiangiogenic treatment. The small peptidic probes described by Fedorova et al. in this issue appear to be superior to antibodies in reflecting the dynamics of VEGF as they facilitate image quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Wilcoxen KM, Hesterman J, Orcutt KD, Hoppin J. Intersectional innovation in biomarker development for patient-centric medicine. Per Med 2011; 8:469-481. [PMID: 29783339 DOI: 10.2217/pme.11.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical and healthcare industries are being revolutionized by the use of genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, bioinformatics and molecular imaging. Patient friendly diagnosis, treatment and disease management options that utilize the combination of these technologies are currently in development. New innovations in pharmaceutical advancement are taking place at the intersection of these technologies, and will be coupled with societal changes as we move to a fully networked and individual-centric consumer base. Numerous examples of the combinations of molecular characterization technologies aimed at better preclinical and clinical disease understanding, diagnosis and treatment are highlighted that are ideally situated to generate the intersectional innovation that drives healthcare advancement. The true value in patient-centric medicine will only be realized as the improved molecular characterization of disease provided by these technologies is integrated across platforms that operate directly in the patient and care provider space to provide a comprehensive view of health. Molecular profiling and imaging technologies must become fully integrated and amenable for patient and physician use in a networked environment that can provide a personal health avatar approach to medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith M Wilcoxen
- Biomarkers & Personalized Medicine, Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover MA 01810, USA.
| | - Jacob Hesterman
- InviCRO LLC, 2 Oliver Street, Suite 611, Boston, MA 02109, USA
| | | | - Jack Hoppin
- InviCRO LLC, 2 Oliver Street, Suite 611, Boston, MA 02109, USA
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