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Naqvi SAH, Farhan M, Ahmad M, Kiran R, Fatima N, Shahbaz M, Akram M, Sathiya Seelan JS, Ali A, Ahmad S. Deciphering fungicide resistance in Phytophthora: mechanisms, prevalence, and sustainable management approaches. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:302. [PMID: 39150639 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The genus Phytophthora contains more than 100 plant pathogenic species that parasitize a wide range of plants, including economically important fruits, vegetables, cereals, and forest trees, causing significant losses. Global agriculture is seriously threatened by fungicide resistance in Phytophthora species, which makes it imperative to fully comprehend the mechanisms, frequency, and non-chemical management techniques related to resistance mutations. The mechanisms behind fungicide resistance, such as target-site mutations, efflux pump overexpression, overexpression of target genes and metabolic detoxification routes for fungicides routinely used against Phytophthora species, are thoroughly examined in this review. Additionally, it assesses the frequency of resistance mutations in various Phytophthora species and geographical areas, emphasizing the rise of strains that are resistant to multiple drugs. The effectiveness of non-chemical management techniques, including biological control, host resistance, integrated pest management plans, and cultural practices, in reducing fungicide resistance is also thoroughly evaluated. The study provides important insights for future research and the development of sustainable disease management strategies to counter fungicide resistance in Phytophthora species by synthesizing current information and identifying knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farhan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Rafia Kiran
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Noor Fatima
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 44444, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Jaya Seelan Sathiya Seelan
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Salman Ahmad
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
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Higuchi A, Tojo M, Mochizuki T. Sensitivity of Globisporangium ultimum to the fungicide metalaxyl is enhanced by the infection with a toti-like mycovirus. Microbiol Res 2024; 285:127742. [PMID: 38723390 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, numerous oomycete mycoviruses have been discovered; however, very few studies have focused on their effects on the host oomycete phenotype. In this study, we investigated the impact of toti-like Pythium ultimum RNA virus 2 (PuRV2) infection on the phytopathogenic soil-borne oomycete Globisporangium ultimum, which serves as a model species for Globisporangium and Pythium, specifically the UOP226 isolate in Japan. We generated a PuRV2-free isogenic line through hyphal tip isolation using high-temperature culture and subsequently compared the phenotypic characteristics and gene expression profiles of UOP226 and the PuRV2-free isogenic line. Our findings revealed that the metalaxyl sensitivity of UOP226 was greater than that of the PuRV2-free isogenic line, whereas the mycelial growth rate and colony morphology remained unchanged in the absence of the fungicide. Furthermore, transcriptome analyses using RNA-seq revealed significant downregulation of ABC-type transporter genes, which are involved in fungicide sensitivity, in UOP226. Our results suggest that PuRV2 infection influences the ecology of G. ultimum in agricultural ecosystems where metalaxyl is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aika Higuchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Motoaki Tojo
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Mochizuki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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3
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Zhang D, Ren L, Wang Q, Wenjing Li, Song Z, Jin X, Fang W, Yan D, Li Y, Wang Q, He L, Cao A. Systematic assessment of the antifungal mechanism of soil fumigant methyl isothiocyanate against Fusarium oxysporum. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122791. [PMID: 37940016 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum is an important phytopathogenic fungus, it can be controlled by the soil fumigant methyl isothiocyanate (MITC). However, the antimicrobial mechanism of MITC against F. oxysporum, especially at the transcriptional level, is still unclear. In this experiment, the antimicrobial mechanism of MITC against F. oxysporum was investigated. Our results indicated that when F. oxysporum was exposed to 6 mg/L MITC for 12 h, the inhibitory rate of MITC on F. oxysporum was 80%. Transmission electron microscopes showed that the cell wall and membrane of F. oxysporum had shrunk and folded, vacuoles increased, and mitochondria swelled and deformed. In addition, the enzyme activity of F. oxysporum treated with MITC showed a decrease of 32.50%, 8.28% and 74.04% in catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, respectively. Transcriptome sequencing of F. oxysporum was performed and the results showed that 1478 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were produced in response to MITC exposure. GO and KEGG analysis showed that the DEGs identified were involved in substance and energy metabolism, signal transduction, transport and catalysis. MITC disrupted cell homeostasis by influencing the expression of some key genes involved in chitin synthase and detoxification enzymes production, but F. oxysporum also protected itself by up-regulating genes involved in energy synthesis (such as upregulating acnA, CS and LSC2 in TCA). qRT-PCR data validated the reliability of transcriptome data. Our research used biochemical and genetic techniques to identify molecular lesions in the mycelia of F. oxysporum exposed to MITC, and provide valuable insights into the toxic mechanism of pathogenic fungi mediated by MITC. These techniques are also likely to be useful for rapidly screening and identifying new, environmentally-friendly soil fumigants that are efficacious against fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqi Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lirui Ren
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaoxin Song
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xi Jin
- Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wensheng Fang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Green Management of Soil-borne Diseases, Baoding University, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Dongdong Yan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Green Management of Soil-borne Diseases, Baoding University, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Green Management of Soil-borne Diseases, Baoding University, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Green Management of Soil-borne Diseases, Baoding University, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Lin He
- Innovation Research Team of Vegetable Pests Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Aocheng Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System, Beijing 100193, China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Green Management of Soil-borne Diseases, Baoding University, Hebei 071000, China.
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4
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Wang W, Liu X, Han T, Li K, Qu Y, Gao Z. Differential Potential of Phytophthora capsici Resistance Mechanisms to the Fungicide Metalaxyl in Peppers. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8020278. [PMID: 32085491 PMCID: PMC7074702 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metalaxyl is one of the main fungicides used to control pepper blight caused by Phytophthora capsici. Metalaxyl resistance of P. capsici, caused by the long-term intense use of this fungicide, has become one of the most serious challenges facing pest management. To reveal the potential resistance mechanism of P. capsici to fungicide metalaxyl, a metalaxyl-resistant mutant strain SD1-9 was obtained under laboratory conditions. The pathogenicity test showed that mutant strain SD1-9 had different pathogenicity to different host plants with or without the treatment of metalaxyl compared with that of the wild type SD1. Comparative transcriptome sequencing of mutant strain SD1-9 and wild type SD1 led to the identification of 3845 differentially expressed genes, among them, 517 genes were upregulated, while 3328 genes were down-regulated in SD1-9 compared to that in the SD1. The expression levels of 10 genes were further verified by real-time RT-PCR. KEGG analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in the peroxisome, endocytosis, alanine and tyrosine metabolism. The expression of the candidate gene XLOC_020226 during 10 life history stages was further studied, the results showed that expression level reached a maximum at the zoospores stage and basically showed a gradually increasing trend with increasing infection time in pepper leaves in SD1-9 strain, while its expression gradually increased in the SD1 strain throughout the 10 stages, indicated that XLOC_020226 may be related to the growth and pathogenicity of P. capsici. In summary, transcriptome analysis of plant pathogen P. capsici strains with different metalaxyl resistance not only provided database of the genes involved in the metalaxyl resistance of P. capsici, but also allowed us to gain novel insights into the potential resistance mechanism of P. capsici to metalaxyl in peppers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China; (W.W.); (X.L.); (K.L.); (Y.Q.)
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China; (W.W.); (X.L.); (K.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Tao Han
- School of Horticulture Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, East Section of Hualan Avenue, Xinxiang 453003, China;
| | - Kunyuan Li
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China; (W.W.); (X.L.); (K.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yang Qu
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China; (W.W.); (X.L.); (K.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Zhimou Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China; (W.W.); (X.L.); (K.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0551-65786322
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Chinchilla D, Bruisson S, Meyer S, Zühlke D, Hirschfeld C, Joller C, L'Haridon F, Mène-Saffrané L, Riedel K, Weisskopf L. A sulfur-containing volatile emitted by potato-associated bacteria confers protection against late blight through direct anti-oomycete activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18778. [PMID: 31889050 PMCID: PMC6937334 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant diseases are a major cause for yield losses and new strategies to control them without harming the environment are urgently needed. Plant-associated bacteria contribute to their host’s health in diverse ways, among which the emission of disease-inhibiting volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We have previously reported that VOCs emitted by potato-associated bacteria caused strong in vitro growth inhibition of the late blight causing agent Phytophthora infestans. This work focuses on sulfur-containing VOCs (sVOCs) and demonstrates the high in planta protective potential of S-methyl methane thiosulfonate (MMTS), which fully prevented late blight disease in potato leaves and plantlets without phytotoxic effects, in contrast to other sVOCs. Short exposure times were sufficient to protect plants against infection. We further showed that MMTS’s protective activity was not mediated by the plant immune system but lied in its anti-oomycete activity. Using quantitative proteomics, we determined that different sVOCs caused specific proteome changes in P. infestans, indicating perturbations in sulfur metabolism, protein translation and redox balance. This work brings new perspectives for plant protection against the devastating Irish Famine pathogen, while opening new research avenues on the role of sVOCs in the interaction between plants and their microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Chinchilla
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Bruisson
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Silvan Meyer
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Zühlke
- Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 8, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claudia Hirschfeld
- Department of Microbial Proteomics, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 8, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Charlotte Joller
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Floriane L'Haridon
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Mène-Saffrané
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Riedel
- Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 8, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Laure Weisskopf
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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6
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Giannakopoulou A, Schornack S, Bozkurt TO, Haart D, Ro DK, Faraldos JA, Kamoun S, O’Maille PE. Variation in capsidiol sensitivity between Phytophthora infestans and Phytophthora capsici is consistent with their host range. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107462. [PMID: 25203155 PMCID: PMC4159330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants protect themselves against a variety of invading pathogenic organisms via sophisticated defence mechanisms. These responses include deployment of specialized antimicrobial compounds, such as phytoalexins, that rapidly accumulate at pathogen infection sites. However, the extent to which these compounds contribute to species-level resistance and their spectrum of action remain poorly understood. Capsidiol, a defense related phytoalexin, is produced by several solanaceous plants including pepper and tobacco during microbial attack. Interestingly, capsidiol differentially affects growth and germination of the oomycete pathogens Phytophthora infestans and Phytophthora capsici, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In this study we revisited the differential effect of capsidiol on P. infestans and P. capsici, using highly pure capsidiol preparations obtained from yeast engineered to express the capsidiol biosynthetic pathway. Taking advantage of transgenic Phytophthora strains expressing fluorescent markers, we developed a fluorescence-based method to determine the differential effect of capsidiol on Phytophtora growth. Using these assays, we confirm major differences in capsidiol sensitivity between P. infestans and P. capsici and demonstrate that capsidiol alters the growth behaviour of both Phytophthora species. Finally, we report intraspecific variation within P. infestans isolates towards capsidiol tolerance pointing to an arms race between the plant and the pathogens in deployment of defence related phytoalexins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Schornack
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Sainsbury Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tolga O. Bozkurt
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Imperial College, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dave Haart
- Institute of Food Research, Food & Health Programme, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Dae-Kyun Ro
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Juan A. Faraldos
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul E. O’Maille
- Institute of Food Research, Food & Health Programme, Norwich, United Kingdom
- John Innes Centre, Department of Metabolic Biology, Norwich, United Kingdom
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7
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Lévesque CA, Brouwer H, Cano L, Hamilton JP, Holt C, Huitema E, Raffaele S, Robideau GP, Thines M, Win J, Zerillo MM, Beakes GW, Boore JL, Busam D, Dumas B, Ferriera S, Fuerstenberg SI, Gachon CMM, Gaulin E, Govers F, Grenville-Briggs L, Horner N, Hostetler J, Jiang RHY, Johnson J, Krajaejun T, Lin H, Meijer HJG, Moore B, Morris P, Phuntmart V, Puiu D, Shetty J, Stajich JE, Tripathy S, Wawra S, van West P, Whitty BR, Coutinho PM, Henrissat B, Martin F, Thomas PD, Tyler BM, De Vries RP, Kamoun S, Yandell M, Tisserat N, Buell CR. Genome sequence of the necrotrophic plant pathogen Pythium ultimum reveals original pathogenicity mechanisms and effector repertoire. Genome Biol 2010; 11:R73. [PMID: 20626842 PMCID: PMC2926784 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2010-11-7-r73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 05/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pythium ultimum is a ubiquitous oomycete plant pathogen responsible for a variety of diseases on a broad range of crop and ornamental species. RESULTS The P. ultimum genome (42.8 Mb) encodes 15,290 genes and has extensive sequence similarity and synteny with related Phytophthora species, including the potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Whole transcriptome sequencing revealed expression of 86% of genes, with detectable differential expression of suites of genes under abiotic stress and in the presence of a host. The predicted proteome includes a large repertoire of proteins involved in plant pathogen interactions, although, surprisingly, the P. ultimum genome does not encode any classical RXLR effectors and relatively few Crinkler genes in comparison to related phytopathogenic oomycetes. A lower number of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were present compared to Phytophthora species, with the notable absence of cutinases, suggesting a significant difference in virulence mechanisms between P. ultimum and more host-specific oomycete species. Although we observed a high degree of orthology with Phytophthora genomes, there were novel features of the P. ultimum proteome, including an expansion of genes involved in proteolysis and genes unique to Pythium. We identified a small gene family of cadherins, proteins involved in cell adhesion, the first report of these in a genome outside the metazoans. CONCLUSIONS Access to the P. ultimum genome has revealed not only core pathogenic mechanisms within the oomycetes but also lineage-specific genes associated with the alternative virulence and lifestyles found within the pythiaceous lineages compared to the Peronosporaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- C André Lévesque
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Henk Brouwer
- CBS-KNAW, Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | | | - John P Hamilton
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Carson Holt
- Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Room 2100, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5330, USA
| | | | | | - Gregg P Robideau
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Marco Thines
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Georg-Voigt-Str 14-16, D-60325, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Insitute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Siesmayerstr. 70, D-60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Joe Win
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Marcelo M Zerillo
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1177, USA
| | - Gordon W Beakes
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Jeffrey L Boore
- Genome Project Solutions, 1024 Promenade Street, Hercules, CA 94547, USA
| | - Dana Busam
- J Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Bernard Dumas
- Surfaces Cellulaires et Signalisation chez les Végétaux, UMR5546 CNRS-Université de Toulouse, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, BP42617, Auzeville, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Steve Ferriera
- J Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | | | | | - Elodie Gaulin
- Surfaces Cellulaires et Signalisation chez les Végétaux, UMR5546 CNRS-Université de Toulouse, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, BP42617, Auzeville, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Francine Govers
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, NL-1-6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for BioSystems Genomics (CBSG), PO Box 98, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Grenville-Briggs
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Neil Horner
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Jessica Hostetler
- J Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Rays HY Jiang
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Justin Johnson
- J Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Theerapong Krajaejun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine-Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Haining Lin
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Harold JG Meijer
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, NL-1-6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barry Moore
- Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Room 2100, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5330, USA
| | - Paul Morris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - Vipaporn Phuntmart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - Daniela Puiu
- J Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Jyoti Shetty
- J Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Jason E Stajich
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Sucheta Tripathy
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Washington Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0477, USA
| | - Stephan Wawra
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Pieter van West
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Brett R Whitty
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Pedro M Coutinho
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolecules Biologiques, UMR6098, CNRS, Univ. Aix-Marseille I & II, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolecules Biologiques, UMR6098, CNRS, Univ. Aix-Marseille I & II, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Frank Martin
- USDA-ARS, 1636 East Alisal St, Salinias, CA, 93905, USA
| | - Paul D Thomas
- Evolutionary Systems Biology, SRI International, Room AE207, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Brett M Tyler
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Washington Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0477, USA
| | - Ronald P De Vries
- CBS-KNAW, Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mark Yandell
- Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Room 2100, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5330, USA
| | - Ned Tisserat
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1177, USA
| | - C Robin Buell
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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8
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Gaulin E, Madoui MA, Bottin A, Jacquet C, Mathé C, Couloux A, Wincker P, Dumas B. Transcriptome of Aphanomyces euteiches: new oomycete putative pathogenicity factors and metabolic pathways. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1723. [PMID: 18320043 PMCID: PMC2248709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aphanomyces euteiches is an oomycete pathogen that causes seedling blight and root rot of legumes, such as alfalfa and pea. The genus Aphanomyces is phylogenically distinct from well-studied oomycetes such as Phytophthora sp., and contains species pathogenic on plants and aquatic animals. To provide the first foray into gene diversity of A. euteiches, two cDNA libraries were constructed using mRNA extracted from mycelium grown in an artificial liquid medium or in contact to plant roots. A unigene set of 7,977 sequences was obtained from 18,864 high-quality expressed sequenced tags (ESTs) and characterized for potential functions. Comparisons with oomycete proteomes revealed major differences between the gene content of A. euteiches and those of Phytophthora species, leading to the identification of biosynthetic pathways absent in Phytophthora, of new putative pathogenicity genes and of expansion of gene families encoding extracellular proteins, notably different classes of proteases. Among the genes specific of A. euteiches are members of a new family of extracellular proteins putatively involved in adhesion, containing up to four protein domains similar to fungal cellulose binding domains. Comparison of A. euteiches sequences with proteomes of fully sequenced eukaryotic pathogens, including fungi, apicomplexa and trypanosomatids, allowed the identification of A. euteiches genes with close orthologs in these microorganisms but absent in other oomycetes sequenced so far, notably transporters and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, and suggests the presence of a defense mechanism against oxidative stress which was initially characterized in the pathogenic trypanosomatids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Gaulin
- UMR 5546 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Université de Toulouse, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (EG); (BD)
| | - Mohammed-Amine Madoui
- UMR 5546 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Université de Toulouse, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Arnaud Bottin
- UMR 5546 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Université de Toulouse, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Christophe Jacquet
- UMR 5546 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Université de Toulouse, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Catherine Mathé
- UMR 5546 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Université de Toulouse, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Arnaud Couloux
- Genoscope (CEA), Evry, France
- UMR 8030 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evry, France
- Université d'Evry, Evry, France
| | - Patrick Wincker
- Genoscope (CEA), Evry, France
- UMR 8030 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evry, France
- Université d'Evry, Evry, France
| | - Bernard Dumas
- UMR 5546 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Université de Toulouse, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (EG); (BD)
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Judelson HS, Narayan R, Fong AMVA, Tani S, Kim KS. Performance of a tetracycline-responsive transactivator system for regulating transgenes in the oomycete Phytophthora infestans. Curr Genet 2007; 51:297-307. [PMID: 17377792 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-007-0125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Revised: 02/23/2007] [Accepted: 02/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The oomycete genus Phytophthora includes many important plant pathogens for which extensive genome data exist, but lacking is an inducible expression system to study contributions of their genes to growth and pathogenicity. Here the adaptation of the reverse tetracycline transactivator (rtTA) system to P. infestans is described. Vectors were developed containing rtTA expressed from an oomycete promoter, and beta-glucuronidase (GUS) controlled by TetR binding sites fused to a minimal oomycete promoter. Transformants were obtained in which GUS was expressed in a dose-dependent manner by the rtTA inducer doxycycline, indicating that the gene switch functions in P. infestans. However, toxicity of rtTA hindered the isolation of transformants if expressed on the same plasmid as the nptII selection marker. Better results were obtained by cotransforming those genes on separate plasmids, with 92% of transformants acquiring both DNAs although only 4% expressed rtTA at detectable levels. Low levels of reporter activity were measured in such transformants, suggesting that rtTA activated transcription weakly. Also, significant variation in the sensitivity of isolates to doxycycline and tetracycline was observed. These results are useful both in terms of developing tools for functional genomics and understanding the fate of DNA during Phytophthora transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard S Judelson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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