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Tomczyk MM, Dolinsky VW. The Cardiac Lipidome in Models of Cardiovascular Disease. Metabolites 2020; 10:E254. [PMID: 32560541 PMCID: PMC7344916 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. There are numerous factors involved in the development of CVD. Among these, lipids have an important role in maintaining the myocardial cell structure as well as cardiac function. Fatty acids (FA) are utilized for energy, but also contribute to the pathogenesis of CVD and heart failure. Advances in mass spectrometry methods have enabled the comprehensive analysis of a plethora of lipid species from a single sample comprised of a heterogeneous population of lipid molecules. Determining cardiac lipid alterations in different models of CVD identifies novel biomarkers as well as reveals molecular mechanisms that underlie disease development and progression. This information could inform the development of novel therapeutics in the treatment of CVD. Herein, we provide a review of recent studies of cardiac lipid profiles in myocardial infarction, obesity, and diabetic and dilated cardiomyopathy models of CVD by methods of mass spectrometry analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz M. Tomczyk
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada;
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada
- Rady Faculty of Health Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Vernon W. Dolinsky
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada;
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada
- Rady Faculty of Health Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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Zhang C, Wang K, Yang L, Liu R, Chu Y, Qin X, Yang P, Yu H. Lipid metabolism in inflammation-related diseases. Analyst 2019; 143:4526-4536. [PMID: 30128447 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01046c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There are thousands of lipid species existing in cells, which belong to eight different categories. Lipids are the essential building blocks of cells. Recent studies have started to unveil the important functions of lipids in regulating cell metabolism. However, we are still at a very early stage in fully understanding the physiological and pathological functions of lipids. The application of lipidomics for studying lipid metabolism can provide a direct readout of the cellular status and broadens our understanding of the mechanisms that underpin metabolic disease states. This review provides an introduction to lipid metabolism and its role in modulating homeostasis and immunity. We also describe representative applications of lipidomics for studying lipid metabolism in inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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3
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Mattern-Schain SI, Fisher RK, West PC, Grimsley LB, Harris TM, Grandas OH, Best MD, Mountain DJH. Cell mimetic liposomal nanocarriers for tailored delivery of vascular therapeutics. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 218:149-157. [PMID: 30582896 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Liposomal delivery systems (LDSs) have been at the forefront of medicinal nanotechnology for over three decades. Increasing LDS association to target cells and cargo delivery is crucial to bolstering overall nanodrug efficacy. Our laboratory aims to develop LDSs for molecular therapeutics aimed at vascular pathology. We have previously established a liposome platform that is an effective delivery system for RNA interference in vascular cell types by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) decorated liposomes bearing an octa-arginine (R8) cell penetrating peptide (CPP). Further tailoring liposome membranes to mimic vascular cell membrane lipid constituents may be a promising strategy for increasing cargo delivery. Here we aimed to develop liposomal formulations that could make use of diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidylserine (PS), naturally occurring lipid species that are known to influence vascular cell function, as a facile and efficient means to increase nanodrug efficacy without compromising clinical viability. We investigated the ability of DAG and PS to amplify the cellular uptake of our previously established LDS platform loaded with small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) cargo. Cellular fluorescence microscopy experiments were performed in conjunction with quantitative cell association assays and cytotoxicity assays to analyze the effect of DAG/PS on the differential delivery of fluorescently-tagged liposomes to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and on liposomal-mediated toxicity. In these studies, significant, dose-dependent increases in association to target cells were observed, as well as cell-type specific effects on cell viability. The stability and encapsulation-efficiency of the DAG/PS-modified LDSs were analyzed by standard nanoparticle characterization methods, and siRNA transfection efficacy was quantified to gauge delivery potential as a function of DAG/PS modification. Our results suggest that the signaling lipids tested here imbue our LDS architectures with increased therapeutic potential, without compromising stability, encapsulation efficiency, or biocompatibility, thus presenting a natural strategy to increase nanodrug efficacy and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel I Mattern-Schain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, United States
| | - Richard K Fisher
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, 37920, TN, United States
| | - Philip C West
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, 37920, TN, United States
| | - Lauren B Grimsley
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, 37920, TN, United States
| | - Taylor M Harris
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, 37920, TN, United States
| | - Oscar H Grandas
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, 37920, TN, United States
| | - Michael D Best
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, United States.
| | - Deidra J H Mountain
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, 37920, TN, United States.
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Ellis B, Hye A, Snowden SG. Metabolic Modifications in Human Biofluids Suggest the Involvement of Sphingolipid, Antioxidant, and Glutamate Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 46:313-27. [PMID: 25835424 DOI: 10.3233/jad-141899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative dementia, with the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β and formation of neurofibrillary tau tangles as leading explanations of pathology. With the difficulties of studying the brain directly, it is hoped that identifying the effect of AD on the metabolite composition of biofluids will provide insights into underlying mechanisms of pathology. The present review identified 705 distinct metabolite reports representing 448 structurally distinct metabolites in six human biofluids, with 147 metabolites increased and 214 metabolites decreased with AD, while 80 metabolites showed inconsistent shifts. Sphingolipid, antioxidant, and glutamate metabolism were found to be strongly associated with AD and were selected for detailed investigation of their role in pathogenesis. In plasma, two ceramides increased and eight sphingomyelins decreased with AD, with total ceramides shown to increase in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid. In general antioxidants were shown to be depleted, with oxidative stress markers elevated in a range of biofluids in patients suggesting AD produces a pro-oxidative environment. Shifts in glutamate and glutamine and elevation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal suggests peroxidation of the astrocyte lipid bilayer resulting in reduced glutamate clearance from the synaptic cleft, suggesting a excitotoxicity component to AD pathology; however, due to inconsistencies in literature reports, reliable interpretation is difficult. The present review has shown that metabolite shifts in biofluids can provide valuable insights into potential pathological mechanisms in the brain, with sphingolipid, antioxidant, and glutamate metabolism being implicated in AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Ellis
- Kings College London, School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Abdul Hye
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Stuart G Snowden
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
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Stemmer U, Dunai ZA, Koller D, Pürstinger G, Zenzmaier E, Deigner HP, Aflaki E, Kratky D, Hermetter A. Toxicity of oxidized phospholipids in cultured macrophages. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:110. [PMID: 22958747 PMCID: PMC3533736 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The interactions of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and macrophages are hallmarks in the development of atherosclerosis. The biological activities of the modified particle in these cells are due to the content of lipid oxidation products and apolipoprotein modification by oxidized phospholipids. Results It was the aim of this study to determine the role of short-chain oxidized phospholipids as components of modified LDL in cultured macrophages. For this purpose we investigated the effects of the following oxidized phospholipids on cell viability and apoptosis: 1-palmitoyl-2-glutaroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PGPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POVPC) and oxidized alkylacyl phospholipids including 1-O-hexadecyl-2-glutaroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (E-PGPC) and 1-O-hexadecyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (E-POVPC). We found that these compounds induced apoptosis in RAW264.7 and bone marrow-derived macrophages. The sn-2 carboxyacyl lipid PGPC was more toxic than POVPC which carries a reactive aldehyde function in position sn-2 of glycerol. The alkylacyl phospholipids (E-PGPC and E-POVPC) and the respective diacyl analogs show similar activities. Apoptosis induced by POVPC and its alkylether derivative could be causally linked to the fast activation of an acid sphingomyelinase, generating the apoptotic second messenger ceramide. In contrast, PGPC and its ether analog only negligibly affected this enzyme pointing to an entirely different mechanism of lipid toxicity. The higher toxicity of PGPC is underscored by more efficient membrane blebbing from apoptotic cells. In addition, the protein pattern of PGPC-induced microparticles is different from the vesicles generated by POPVC. Conclusions In summary, our data reveal that oxidized phospholipids induce apoptosis in cultured macrophages. The mechanism of lipid toxicity, however, largely depends on the structural features of the oxidized sn-2 chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Stemmer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/2, A-8010, Graz, Austria
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Gulbins E, Li PL. Physiological and pathophysiological aspects of ceramide. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 290:R11-26. [PMID: 16352856 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00416.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Activation of cells by receptor- and nonreceptor-mediated stimuli not only requires a change in the activity of signaling proteins but also requires a reorganization of the topology of the signalosom in the cell. The cell membrane contains distinct domains, rafts that serve the spatial organization of signaling molecules in the cell. Many receptors or stress stimuli transform rafts by the generation of ceramide. These stimuli activate the acid sphingomyelinase and induce a translocation of this enzyme onto the extracellular leaflet of the cell membrane. Surface acid sphingomyelinase generates ceramide that serves to fuse small rafts and to form large ceramide-enriched membrane platforms. These platforms cluster receptor molecules, recruit intracellular signaling molecules to aggregated receptors, and seem to exclude inhibitory signaling factors. Thus ceramide-enriched membrane platforms do not seem to be part of a specific signaling pathway but may facilitate and amplify the specific signaling elicited by the cognate stimulus. This general function may enable these membrane domains to be critically involved in the induction of apoptosis by death receptors and stress stimuli, bacterial and viral infections of mammalian cells, and the regulation of cardiovascular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany.
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Albert AP, Piper AS, Large WA. Role of phospholipase D and diacylglycerol in activating constitutive TRPC-like cation channels in rabbit ear artery myocytes. J Physiol 2005; 566:769-80. [PMID: 15919706 PMCID: PMC1464787 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2005.090852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we have described a constitutively active Ca2+-permeable non-selective cation channel in freshly dispersed rabbit ear artery myocytes that has similar properties to canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channel proteins. In the present study we have investigated the transduction pathways responsible for stimulating constitutive channel activity in these myocytes. Application of the pharmacological inhibitors of phosphatidylcholine-phospholipase D (PC-PLD), butan-1-ol and C2 ceramide, produced marked inhibition of constitutive channel activity in cell-attached patches and also butan-1-ol produced pronounced suppression of resting membrane conductance measured with whole-cell recording whereas the inactive isomer butan-2-ol had no effect on constitutive whole-cell or channel activity. In addition butan-1-ol had no effect on channel activity evoked by the diacylglycerol (DAG) analogue 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG). Inhibitors of PC-phospholipase C (PC-PLC) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) had no effect on constitutive channel activity. Application of a purified PC-PLD enzyme and its metabolite phosphatidic acid to inside-out patches markedly increased channel activity. The phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase (PAP) inhibitor dl-propranolol also inhibited constitutive and phosphatidic acid-induced increases in channel activity but had no effect on OAG-evoked responses. The DAG lipase and DAG kinase inhibitors, RHC80267 and R59949 respectively, which inhibit DAG metabolism, produced transient increases in channel activity which were mimicked by relatively high concentrations (40 microm) of OAG. The protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor chelerythrine did not prevent channel activation by OAG but blocked the secondary inhibitory response of OAG. It is proposed that endogenous DAG is involved in the activation of channel activity and that its effects on channel activity are concentration-dependent with higher concentrations of DAG also inhibiting channel activity through activation of PKC. This study indicates that constitutive cation channel activity in ear artery myocytes is mediated by DAG which is generated by PC-PLD via phosphatidic acid which represents a novel activation pathway of cation channels in vascular myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Albert
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Ion Channel and Cell Signalling, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 ORE, UK.
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Liu M, Albert AP, Large WA. Facilitatory effect of Ins(1,4,5)P3 on store-operated Ca2+-permeable cation channels in rabbit portal vein myocytes. J Physiol 2005; 566:161-71. [PMID: 15860523 PMCID: PMC1464740 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2005.088260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In rabbit portal vein smooth muscle cells, store-operated Ca2+-permeable cation channels (SOCs) display multi-modal gating mechanisms. SOCs are activated by depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores but also may be stimulated in a store-independent manner by noradrenaline acting on alpha-adrenoceptors and by diacylglycerol (DAG) via protein kinase C (PKC). In the present study we have investigated whether inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) modulates SOC activity in freshly dispersed rabbit portal vein myocytes with patch pipette recording techniques. Inclusion of 1 mum Ins(1,4,5)P3 in the patch pipette solution increased whole-cell currents evoked by the Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) by about 3-fold at -80 mV. In the cell-attached configuration the cell-permeable Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM stimulated SOC activity and after excision of an isolated inside-out patch bath application of 1 mum Ins(1,4,5)P3 increased open channel probability (NP(o)) by approximately 3-fold. Ins(1,4,5)P3 also produced a similar increase in NP(o) of SOCs stimulated by the phorbol ester, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) in inside-out patches and these channel currents had a unitary conductance of about 2 pS. The equilibrium constant of Ins(1,4,5)P3 on increasing PDBu-evoked SOC activity was about 0.4 mum. The facilitatory effect of Ins(1,4,5)P3 was also manifest as markedly increasing the rate of activation of SOCs. The synergistic effect of Ins(1,4,5)P3 was mimicked by the metabolically stable analogue 3-fluoro-Ins(1,4,5)P3 and Ins(1,4)P2, a metabolite of Ins(1,4,5)P3, but was not inhibited by the classical Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor antagonist heparin. Finally Ins(1,4,5)P3 also increased NP(o) of SOCs activated by a PKC catalytic subunit. It is concluded that Ins(1,4,5)P3 facilitates SOC opening via a heparin-insensitive mechanism at, or close to, the channel protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Liu
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
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Zhang DX, Zou AP, Li PL. Ceramide-induced activation of NADPH oxidase and endothelial dysfunction in small coronary arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2003; 284:H605-12. [PMID: 12424096 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00697.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that ceramide induces endothelial dysfunction in small coronary arteries via NADPH oxidase-mediated superoxide and resulting peroxynitrite formation. With the use of dihydroethidium as a superoxide indicator, C(2)-ceramide was found to increase superoxide production in the endothelial cells of small coronary arteries, which was inhibited by the NADPH oxidase inhibitors N-vanillylnonanamide, apocynin, and diphenylene iodonium. NADPH oxidase expression was confirmed in endothelial cells, as indicated by the immunoblotting of its subunits gp91(phox) and p47(phox). C(2)-ceramide increased NADPH oxidase activity by 52%, which was blocked by NADPH oxidase inhibitors but not by inhibitors of NO synthase, xanthine oxidase, and mitochondrial electron transport chain enzymes. By Western blot analysis, ceramide-induced NADPH oxidase activation was found to be associated with the translocation of p47(phox) to the membrane. In isolated and pressurized small coronary arteries, N-vanillylnonanamide, apocynin, or uric acid, a peroxynitrite scavenger, largely restored the inhibitory effects of ceramide on bradykinin- and A-23187-induced vasorelaxation. With the use of nitrotyrosine as a marker, C(2)-ceramide was found to increase peroxynitrite in small coronary arteries, which could be blocked by uric acid. We conclude that NADPH oxidase-mediated superoxide production and subsequent peroxynitrite formation mediate ceramide-induced endothelial dysfunction in small coronary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- David X Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA
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10
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Shin CY, Lee YP, Lee TS, Song HJ, Sohn UD. C(2)-ceramide-induced circular smooth muscle cell contraction involves PKC-epsilon and p44/p42 MAPK activation in cat oesophagus. Mitogen-activated protein kinase. Cell Signal 2002; 14:925-32. [PMID: 12220618 DOI: 10.1016/s0898-6568(02)00038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism of C(2)-ceramide (C(2))-induced circular smooth muscle cell contraction in cat oesophagus. C(2) produced contraction of smooth muscle cells isolated by enzymatic digestion, peaked at 30 s and was sustained at a plateau at 5 min. The response to C(2) was concentration-dependent. H-7 or chelerythrine inhibited C(2)-induced contraction, while the diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase inhibitor, R59949, had no effect, suggesting that the contraction is protein kinase C (PKC) pathway-dependent. To test if PKC-mediated contraction may be isozyme-specific, we examined the effects of PKC isozymes antibodies on contraction. PKC-epsilon antibody inhibited the contraction by C(2) but not by PKC-betaII or -gamma, suggesting that PKC-epsilon mediates the contraction by C(2). To characterize the specific PKC isozymes that mediate contraction of the smooth muscle cells, we used, as an inhibitor, N-myristoylated peptides (myr-PKC) derived from the pseudosubstrate sequences of PKC-(alpha)(beta)(gamma), -alpha, -delta, or -epsilon. myr-PKC-epsilon only inhibited the contraction, which was concentration-dependent, suggesting that PKC-epsilon isozyme is involved in the contraction. To examine which mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are involved in C(2)-induced contraction, specific MAPK inhibitors (MEK inhibitor, PD98059, and p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB202190) are used. Preincubation of PD98059 blocked the contraction induced by C(2) in a concentration-dependent manner. However, SB202190 had no effects on contraction. C(2) increased the intensity of the bands identified by phosphospecific p44/p42 MAPK antibody and preincubation of PD98059 decreased the intensity of bands as compared with C(2)-stimulated cells. In conclusion, C(2) produced the contraction of smooth muscle cells of cat oesophagus. The contraction is mediated by PKC-epsilon, resulting in the activation of p44/p42 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yell Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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11
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Zhang DX, Yi FX, Zou AP, Li PL. Role of ceramide in TNF-alpha-induced impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in coronary arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2002; 283:H1785-94. [PMID: 12384455 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00318.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study tested the hypothesis that ceramide, a sphingomylinase metabolite, serves as an second messenger for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) to stimulate superoxide production, thereby decreasing endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in coronary arteries. In isolated bovine small coronary arteries, TNF-alpha (1 ng/ml) markedly attenuated vasodilator responses to bradykinin and A-23187. In the presence of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, TNF-alpha produced no further inhibition on the vasorelaxation induced by these vasodilators. With the use of 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate fluorescence imaging analysis, bradykinin was found to increase nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in the endothelium of isolated bovine small coronary arteries, which was inhibited by TNF-alpha. Pretreatment of the arteries with desipramine (10 microM), an inhibitor of acidic sphingomyelinase, tiron (1 mM), a superoxide scavenger, and polyethylene glycol-superoxide dismutase (100 U/ml) largely restored the inhibitory effect of TNF-alpha on bradykinin- and A-23187-induced vasorelaxation. In addition, TNF-alpha activated acidic sphingomyelinase and increased ceramide levels in coronary endothelial cells. We conclude that TNF-alpha inhibits NO-mediated endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in small coronary arteries via sphingomyelinase activation and consequent superoxide production in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David X Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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12
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Colina C, Cervino V, Benaim G. Ceramide and sphingosine have an antagonistic effect on the plasma-membrane Ca2+-ATPase from human erythrocytes. Biochem J 2002; 362:247-51. [PMID: 11829762 PMCID: PMC1222382 DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3620247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The plasma-membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase is a key enzyme in the regulation of the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. On the other hand, sphingolipids have been recognized recently as important second messengers, acting in many systems in combination with Ca(2+). In view of the fact that the Ca(2+)-ATPase is stimulated by ethanol, and since sphingolipids possess free hydroxy groups, we decided to study the possible effect of ceramide and sphingosine on this calcium pump. Here we show that ceramide stimulates the Ca(2+)-ATPase in a dose-dependent manner and additively to the activation observed in the presence of calmodulin or ethanol, when compared with any of these effectors added alone. Ceramide affects both the affinity for Ca(2+) and the V(max) of the enzyme. Furthermore, this second messenger also stimulates Ca(2+) transport in inside-out plasma-membrane vesicles from erythro cytes. Conversely, sphingosine, which is reported to act in many systems antagonistically with ceramide, showed an inhibitory effect on Ca(2+)-ATPase activity. This inhibition was also observed on the calmodulin-stimulated enzyme. These results, taken together, suggest that ceramide and sphingosine act antagonistically on the plasma-membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase. This is in accordance with the frequently reported opposite effect of these sphingolipids on intracellular Ca(2+) concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Colina
- Instituto de Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado 47114, Caracas, Venezuela
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Kleine L, Liu G, Leblanc N, Hébert RL. Bradykinin stimulates ceramide production by activating specific BK-B(1) receptor in rat small artery. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2002; 282:H175-83. [PMID: 11748061 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00379.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin (BK), a proinflammatory factor and vasodilator, causes functional change of the small artery. However, it is not clear whether any of these changes induced by BK are mediated by N-acetyl-D-sphingosine (ceramide). Therefore, we investigated whether BK affects the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin and generation of ceramide in the intact rat small artery. Our results suggest that BK induces sphingomyelin hydrolysis and increases ceramide production in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Relative to controls, BK causes a 50% decrease in sphingomyelin levels. Ceramide levels increase in response to BK with the highest level being obtained with 10(-8) M BK as well as similar amounts of ceramide are generated when exogenous sphingomyelinase (SMase) is added. We then determined which of the two BK receptors (BK-B(1) antagonist Lys-Des-Arg(9)-Leu(8)-BK or the BK-B(2) antagonist HOE-140) are implicated in the BK-induced generation of ceramide. The BK-B(2) antagonist did not alter the effect of BK on ceramide generation, whereas the BK-B(1) antagonist blocked the BK-induced production of ceramide. Although ceramide had no effect on KCl-induced constrictions, ceramide dilated preconstricted (phenylephrine) small pressurized rat mesenteric arteries by approximately 40%. These results suggest that the activation of the BK-B(1) receptor mediates the BK-induced activation of SMase and of the production of ceramide. In conclusion, BK-mediated effects on vascular tone may be due, at least in part, to the increased production of ceramide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Kleine
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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14
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Zhang DX, Zou AP, Li PL. Ceramide reduces endothelium-dependent vasodilation by increasing superoxide production in small bovine coronary arteries. Circ Res 2001; 88:824-31. [PMID: 11325875 DOI: 10.1161/hh0801.089604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide serves as a second messenger in a variety of mammalian cells. Little is known regarding the role of ceramide in the regulation of vascular endothelial function. The present study was designed to determine whether ceramide affects endothelium-dependent vasodilation in coronary arteries and to explore the mechanism of action of ceramide. In isolated and pressurized small bovine coronary arteries, cell-permeable C(2)-ceramide (10(-)(5) mol/L) markedly attenuated vasodilator responses to bradykinin and A23187 (by 40% and 60%, respectively). In the presence of K(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, ceramide produced no further inhibition on the vasodilation induced by these vasodilators. Ceramide had no effect on DETA NONOate-induced vasodilation. By use of a fluorescence NO indicator (4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate), intracellular NO was measured in the endothelium of freshly isolated small coronary arteries. It was found that ceramide significantly inhibited bradykinin-induced NO increase within endothelial cells. However, it had no effect on the activity of arterial or endothelial NO synthase. Pretreatment of the arteries with sodium dihydroxybenzene disulfonate (Tiron, 10(-)(3) mol/L), a cell-permeable superoxide scavenger, or polyethylene glycol superoxide dismutase (100 U/mL) largely restored the inhibitory effects of ceramide on the vasodilation and NO increase induced by bradykinin or A23187. Moreover, ceramide time-dependently increased intracellular superoxide (O(2)(-. )) in the endothelium, as measured by a fluorescent O(2)(-. )indicator, dihydroethidium. These results demonstrate that ceramide inhibits endothelium-dependent vasodilation in small coronary arteries by decreasing NO in vascular endothelial cells and that this decrease in NO is associated with increased O(2)(-. ) but not with the inhibition of NO synthase activity within these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D X Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
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15
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Pons A, Popa J, Portoukalian J, Bodennec J, Ardail D, Kol O, Martin-Martin MJ, Hueso P, Timmerman P, Leroy Y, Zanetta JP. Single-step gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of glycolipid constituents as heptafluorobutyrate derivatives with a special reference to the lipid portion. Anal Biochem 2000; 284:201-16. [PMID: 10964402 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2000.4686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In a previous work (Zanetta et al. Glycobiology 9, 255-266 (1999)), it was reported that all constituents of gangliosides could be obtained as heptafluorobutyrate derivatives after methanolysis in a single gas chromatography analysis. This report demonstrates that gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry in the electron impact mode allows identification and quantification of long-chain bases and fatty acids without interference from monosaccharides. On the basis of ions specific for families and for individual compounds, sphingosines, sphinganines, and phytosphingosines (including ramified, unsaturated, hydroxylated, and etherified compounds) can be identified. Fatty acid methyl esters, including linear, ramified, unsaturated, and hydroxylated species, are identified and quantified in the same way. Possible extensions of this method to the fatty moiety of other lipids (alkylacylglycerol and dimethyl acetal) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pons
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique USTL, CNRS UMR 8576, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, 59655, France
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16
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Tyurina YY, Shvedova AA, Kawai K, Tyurin VA, Kommineni C, Quinn PJ, Schor NF, Fabisiak JP, Kagan VE. Phospholipid signaling in apoptosis: peroxidation and externalization of phosphatidylserine. Toxicology 2000; 148:93-101. [PMID: 10962127 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00199-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of phospholipids in apoptosis signaling and the relationship between oxidation of phosphatidylserine and its redistribution in the plasma membrane were studied. A novel method for detection of site-specific phospholipid peroxidation based on the use of cis-parinaric acid as a reporter molecule metabolically integrated into membrane phospholipids in living cells was employed. When several tissue culture cell lines and different exogenous oxidants were used, the relationship between the oxidation of phosphatidylserine and apoptosis has been revealed. The plasma membrane was the preferred site of phosphatidylserine oxidation in cells. It was shown that selective oxidation of phosphatidylserine precedes its translocation from the inside to the outside surface of the plasma membrane during apoptosis. A model is proposed in which cytochrome c released from mitochondria by oxidative stress binds to phosphatidylserine located at the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane and induces its oxidation. Interaction of peroxidized phosphatidylserine with aminophospholipid translocase causes inhibition of the enzyme relevant to phosphatidylserine externalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, 260 Kappa Drive, RIDC Park, Pittsburgh, PA 15238, USA
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17
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Abstract
Angiotensin II activates multiple signalling pathways in vascular smooth muscle. The precise pattern of signals and their relative importance to a particular functional response depends on both cell type and differentiation state. Although the contractile and trophic effects of Ang II are often thought of as distinct responses it is increasingly difficult to differentiate them in terms of signalling pathways. Since vasoconstriction and abnormal growth are both features of circulatory diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis a better understanding of the signalling pathways responsible for the vasoconstrictor and trophic actions of this peptide may help define novel therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease.
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18
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The interrelation between the biological functions of sphingolipids and their chemical structure. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02758855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Liu G, Kleine L, Hébert RL. Advances in the signal transduction of ceramide and related sphingolipids. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 1999; 36:511-73. [PMID: 10656539 DOI: 10.1080/10408369991239240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the sphingolipid metabolites ceramide, sphingosine, ceramide 1-P, and sphingosine 1-P have been implicated as second messengers involved in many different cellular functions. Publications on this topic are appearing at a rapidly increasing rate and new developments in this field are also appearing rapidly. It is thus important to summarize the results obtained from many different laboratories and from different fields of research to obtain a clearer picture of the importance of sphingolipid metabolites. This article reviews the studies from the last few years and includes the effects of a variety of extracellular agents on sphingolipid signal transduction pathways in different tissues and cells and on the mechanisms of regulation. Sphingomyelin exists in a number of functionally distinct pools and is composed of distinct molecular species. Sphingomyelin metabolites may be formed by many different pathways. For example, the generation of ceramide from sphingomyelin can be catalyzed by at least five different sphingomyelinases. A large variety of stimuli can induce the generation of ceramide, leading to activation or inhibition of various cellular events such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammation. The effect of ceramide on these physiological processes is due to its many different downstream targets. It can activate ceramide-activated protein kinases and ceramide-activated protein phosphatases. It also activates or inhibits PKCs, PLD, PLA2, PC-PLC, nitric oxide synthase, and the ERK and SAPK/JNK signaling cascades. Ceramide activates or inhibits transcription factors, modulates calcium homeostasis and interacts with the retinoblastoma protein to regulate cell cycle progression. Most of the work in this field has involved the study of ceramide effects, but the roles of the other three sphingomyelin metabolites is now attracting much attention. The complex interactions between signaling components and ceramide and the controls regulating these interactions are now being identified and are presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Liu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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