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Babania O, Mohammadi S, Yaghoubi E, Sohrabi A, Sadat Seyedhosseini F, Abdolahi N, Yazdani Y. The expansion of CD14+ CD163+ subpopulation of monocytes and myeloid cells-associated cytokine imbalance; candidate diagnostic biomarkers for celiac disease (CD). J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23984. [PMID: 34449925 PMCID: PMC8529138 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of small intestine against dietary gluten, among genetically predisposed individuals. Monocytes are versatile innate immune cells involved in the regulation of inflammation, and strongly involved in the intestinal immunity. However, the role of monocytes and their subtypes in CD is not well demonstrated. METHODS Here, we assessed the polarization of CD14+ monocytes by evaluating the M1 (CD16) and M2 (CD163) markers by flowcytometry, their soluble forms (sCD16 and sCD163), and the serum levels of IL-10, IL-12, TGF-β, and TNF-α cytokines using ELISA method, among 30 CD patients and 30 sex- and age-matched healthy subjects (HS). We also analyzed the diagnostic values of all variables with significant differences. RESULTS CD14+CD163+ monocytes were more frequent in CD patients than HS, while CD14+CD16+ monocytes were higher in HS. IL-10and TNF-α increased, and TGF-β expression was decreased among CD patients. The sCD16 serum levels were elevated in patients, while sCD163 was higher but not significant among CD patients. CD163+/CD16+ and IL-10/IL-12 ratios were higher in CD patients, and TGFβ/TNFα ratio was higher in HS group. IL-10, CD14+CD163+, TNF-α, and IL-10/IL-12 ratios with the AUC over 0.7 were introduced as fair diagnostic markers. Our findings revealed that the M2 (CD14+CD163+) monocytes were more frequent among CD patients, and the cytokine balance was disturbed. CONCLUSION According to the significant functional diversities of monocyte subtypes between CD patients and HS group, these immunologic markers could be introduced as specific diagnostic biomarkers for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Babania
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
- Amirkola Shafizadeh Pediatric HospitalBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolIran
- Razi Pathobiology and Genetics LaboratoryBabolIran
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Infectious Diseases Research CenterGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
- Stem Cell Research centerGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | | | - Ahmad Sohrabi
- Infectious Diseases Research CenterGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | | | - Nafiseh Abdolahi
- Golestan Rheumatology Research CenterGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Yaghoub Yazdani
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
- Stem Cell Research centerGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
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2
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Skytthe MK, Graversen JH, Moestrup SK. Targeting of CD163 + Macrophages in Inflammatory and Malignant Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155497. [PMID: 32752088 PMCID: PMC7432735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The macrophage is a key cell in the pro- and anti-inflammatory response including that of the inflammatory microenvironment of malignant tumors. Much current drug development in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer therefore focuses on the macrophage as a target for immunotherapy. However, this strategy is complicated by the pleiotropic phenotype of the macrophage that is highly responsive to its microenvironment. The plasticity leads to numerous types of macrophages with rather different and, to some extent, opposing functionalities, as evident by the existence of macrophages with either stimulating or down-regulating effect on inflammation and tumor growth. The phenotypes are characterized by different surface markers and the present review describes recent progress in drug-targeting of the surface marker CD163 expressed in a subpopulation of macrophages. CD163 is an abundant endocytic receptor for multiple ligands, quantitatively important being the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex. The microenvironment of inflammation and tumorigenesis is particular rich in CD163+ macrophages. The use of antibodies for directing anti-inflammatory (e.g., glucocorticoids) or tumoricidal (e.g., doxorubicin) drugs to CD163+ macrophages in animal models of inflammation and cancer has demonstrated a high efficacy of the conjugate drugs. This macrophage-targeting approach has a low toxicity profile that may highly improve the therapeutic window of many current drugs and drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K. Skytthe
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.K.S.); (S.K.M.)
| | - Jonas Heilskov Graversen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.K.S.); (S.K.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-2173-3311
| | - Søren K. Moestrup
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.K.S.); (S.K.M.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
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3
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Serena G, Huynh D, Lima RS, Vise LM, Freire R, Ingano L, Leonard MM, Senger S, Fasano A. Intestinal Epithelium Modulates Macrophage Response to Gliadin in Celiac Disease. Front Nutr 2019; 6:167. [PMID: 31750310 PMCID: PMC6848268 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by ingestion of gluten. Although its pathogenesis has been extensively studied and the contribution from both innate and adaptive immune responses has been reported, little is still known about the contribution of macrophages to the onset or maintenance of the disease. Macrophages are extremely plastic immune cells that can be directed toward a pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotype by the surrounding microenvironment. Of note, gliadin, the most prominent causative agent of the disease, has been reported to trigger the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in this cell population. In the present study, we aimed at investigating how the intestinal milieu and more specifically the epithelium can shape the macrophage response to gliadin. Using patient-derived organoids we showed that the intestinal epithelium derived from celiac disease donors releases anti-inflammatory factors that curb the macrophage response to gliadin. Furthermore, we uncovered that the celiac macrophages were better responders than macrophages derived from non-celiac controls. Finally, we demonstrated that IFNγ released by the epithelium is in part responsible of the observed anti-inflammatory effect. Our data shed light on the cross–talk between the immune system and the epithelium and its critical role in the intestinal homeostasis. Furthermore, we provide more evidence how alterations in the innate immune machinery in celiac patients may contribute to the onset of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Serena
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel Huynh
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rosiane S Lima
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Luciana M Vise
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rachel Freire
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Laura Ingano
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maureen M Leonard
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stefania Senger
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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4
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Tedesco M, Gallieni M, Pellegata F, Cozzolino M, Alberici F. Update on ANCA-associated vasculitis: from biomarkers to therapy. J Nephrol 2019; 32:871-882. [DOI: 10.1007/s40620-019-00628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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5
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O'Reilly VP, Wong L, Kennedy C, Elliot LA, O'Meachair S, Coughlan AM, O'Brien EC, Ryan MM, Sandoval D, Connolly E, Dekkema GJ, Lau J, Abdulahad WH, Sanders JSF, Heeringa P, Buckley C, O'Brien C, Finn S, Cohen CD, Lindemeyer MT, Hickey FB, O'Hara PV, Feighery C, Moran SM, Mellotte G, Clarkson MR, Dorman AJ, Murray PT, Little MA. Urinary Soluble CD163 in Active Renal Vasculitis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:2906-16. [PMID: 26940094 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015050511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A specific biomarker that can separate active renal vasculitis from other causes of renal dysfunction is lacking, with a kidney biopsy often being required. Soluble CD163 (sCD163), shed by monocytes and macrophages, has been reported as a potential biomarker in diseases associated with excessive macrophage activation. Thus, we hypothesized that urinary sCD163 shed by crescent macrophages correlates with active glomerular inflammation. We detected sCD163 in rat urine early in the disease course of experimental vasculitis. Moreover, microdissected glomeruli from patients with small vessel vasculitis (SVV) had markedly higher levels of CD163 mRNA than did those from patients with lupus nephritis, diabetic nephropathy, or nephrotic syndrome. Both glomeruli and interstitium of patients with SVV strongly expressed CD163 protein. In 479 individuals, including patients with SVV, disease controls, and healthy controls, serum levels of sCD163 did not differ between the groups. However, in an inception cohort, including 177 patients with SVV, patients with active renal vasculitis had markedly higher urinary sCD163 levels than did patients in remission, disease controls, or healthy controls. Analyses in both internal and external validation cohorts confirmed these results. Setting a derived optimum cutoff for urinary sCD163 of 0.3 ng/mmol creatinine for detection of active renal vasculitis resulted in a sensitivity of 83%, specificity of 96%, and a positive likelihood ratio of 20.8. These data indicate that urinary sCD163 level associates very tightly with active renal vasculitis, and assessing this level may be a noninvasive method for diagnosing renal flare in the setting of a known diagnosis of SVV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Louise A Elliot
- Department of Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shane O'Meachair
- HRB Clinical Research Facility, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wayel H Abdulahad
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Colm Buckley
- Department of Renal Histopathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cathal O'Brien
- Labmed Directorate, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Finn
- Labmed Directorate, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maja T Lindemeyer
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Conleth Feighery
- Department of Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Michael R Clarkson
- Department of Renal Medicine, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland; and
| | - Anthony J Dorman
- Department of Renal Histopathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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6
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Abstract
Historically the diagnosis of celiac disease has relied upon clinical, serological, and histological evidence. In recent years the use of sensitive serological methods has meant an increase in the diagnosis of celiac disease. The heterogeneous nature of the disorder presents a challenge in the study and diagnosis of the disease with patients varying from subclinical or latent disease to patients with overt symptoms. Furthermore the related gluten-sensitive disease dermatitis herpetiformis, while distinct in some respects, shares clinical and serological features with celiac disease. Here we summarize current best practice for the diagnosis of celiac disease and briefly discuss newer approaches. The advent of next-generation assays for diagnosis and newer clinical protocols may result in more sensitive screening and ultimately the possible replacement of the intestinal biopsy as the gold standard for celiac disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Byrne
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin St., Dublin, 8, Ireland.
| | - Conleth F Feighery
- Immunology Department, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Immunology Department, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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7
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The hemoglobin (Hb) scavenger receptor, CD163, is a macrophage-specific protein and the upregulated expression of this receptor is one of the major changes in the macrophage switch to alternative activated phenotypes in inflammation. Accordingly, a high CD163 expression in macrophages is a characteristic of tissues responding to inflammation. The scavenging of the oxidative and proinflammatory Hb leading to stimulation of the heme-oxygenase-1 and production of anti-inflammatory heme metabolites indicates that CD163 thereby indirectly contributes to the anti-inflammatory response. RECENT ADVANCES In addition to this biological role in inflammation, CD163 is a potential inflammation biomarker and a therapeutic target. The biomarker form of CD163 is the soluble plasma CD163 that arises from the increased shedding of CD163 mediated by the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) cleaving enzyme. This explains that a steadily increasing literature documents that the plasma level of soluble CD163 is increased in a large spectrum of acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. The nonshed membrane form of CD163 in macrophages constitutes a target for drugs to be directed to macrophages in inflammation. This approach has been used in an animal inflammation model to highly increase the apparent therapeutic index of anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid drug that was coupled to an anti-CD163 antibody. Furthermore, other recent animal data, which indirectly involve CD163 in macrophages, demonstrate that injections of haptoglobin attenuate Hb-induced damages after blood transfusion. CRITICAL ISSUES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS The diagnostic and therapeutic properties of CD163 await further clinical studies and regulatory approval before implementation in the clinic.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/chemistry
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Haptoglobins/metabolism
- Hemoglobins/metabolism
- Humans
- Inflammation/diagnosis
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/therapy
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Etzerodt
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Søren K. Moestrup
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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8
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Møller HJ. Soluble CD163. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2011; 72:1-13. [DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2011.626868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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9
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Abstract
Celiac disease now affects about one person in a hundred in Europe and North America. In this review, we consider a number of important and exciting recent developments, such as clinical associations, HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 predispositions, the concept of potential celiac disease, the use of new imaging/endoscopy techniques, and the development of refractory disease. This review will be of use to all internists, pediatricians and gastroenterologists.
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10
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Tippett E, Cheng WJ, Westhorpe C, Cameron PU, Brew BJ, Lewin SR, Jaworowski A, Crowe SM. Differential expression of CD163 on monocyte subsets in healthy and HIV-1 infected individuals. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19968. [PMID: 21625498 PMCID: PMC3098854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CD163, a haptoglobin-hemoglobin (Hp-Hb) scavenger receptor, expressed by monocytes and macrophages, is important in resolution of inflammation. Age-related non-AIDS co-morbidities in HIV-infected individuals, particularly dementia and cardiovascular disease, result in part from effects of HIV-1 infection on monocyte and macrophage biology. CD163 co-expression on CD14+CD16++ monocytes has been proposed as a useful biomarker for HIV-1 disease progression and the presence of HIV associated dementia. Here we investigated CD163 expression on monocyte subsets ex vivo, on cultured macrophages, and soluble in plasma, in the setting of HIV-1 infection. Whole blood immunophenotyping revealed CD163 expression on CD14++CD16- monocytes but not on CD14+CD16++ monocytes (P = 0.004), supported by CD163 mRNA levels. Incubation with M-CSF induced CD163 protein expression on CD14+CD16++ monocytes to the same extent as CD14++CD16− monocytes. CD163 expression on CD14++CD16+ monocytes from HIV-infected subjects was significantly higher than from uninfected individuals, with a trend towards increased expression on CD14++CD16− monocytes (P = 0.019 and 0.069 respectively), which is accounted for by HIV-1 therapy including protease inhibitors. Shedding of CD163 was shown to predominantly occur from the CD14++CD16− subset after Ficoll isolation and LPS stimulation. Soluble CD163 concentration in plasma from HIV-1 infected donors was similar to HIV-1 uninfected donors. Monocyte CD163 expression in HIV-1 infected patients showed a complicated relationship with classical measures of disease progression. Our findings clarify technical issues regarding CD163 expression on monocyte subsets and further elucidates its role in HIV-associated inflammation by demonstrating that CD163 is readily lost from CD14++CD16− monocytes and induced in pro-inflammatory CD14+CD16++ monocytes by M-CSF. Our data show that all monocyte subsets are potentially capable of differentiating into CD163-expressing anti-inflammatory macrophages given appropriate stimuli. Levels of CD163 expression on monocytes may be a potential biomarker reflecting efforts by the immune system to resolve immune activation and inflammation in HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Tippett
- Centre for Virology, The Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wan-Jung Cheng
- Centre for Virology, The Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare Westhorpe
- Centre for Virology, The Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul U. Cameron
- Centre for Virology, The Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infectious Disease Unit, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruce J. Brew
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sharon R. Lewin
- Centre for Virology, The Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infectious Disease Unit, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Jaworowski
- Centre for Virology, The Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne M. Crowe
- Centre for Virology, The Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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11
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Freeman HJ, Chopra A, Clandinin MT, Thomson ABR. Recent advances in celiac disease. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:2259-72. [PMID: 21633592 PMCID: PMC3098394 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i18.2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease now affects about one person in a hundred in Europe and North America. In this review, we consider a number of important and exciting recent developments, such as clinical associations, HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 predispositions, the concept of potential celiac disease, the use of new imaging/endoscopy techniques, and the development of refractory disease. This review will be of use to all internists, pediatricians and gastroenterologists.
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12
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Feighery C, Dunne J, Bingham EA, Feighery CF. Evaluation of soluble CD163 as a marker of inflammation in psoriasis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2010; 36:201-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2010.03949.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Møller HJ, Nielsen MJ, Maniecki MB, Madsen M, Moestrup SK. Soluble macrophage-derived CD163: A homogenous ectodomain protein with a dissociable haptoglobin–hemoglobin binding. Immunobiology 2010; 215:406-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2009] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Diminished production of TWEAK by the peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with vascular involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2010; 47:465-9. [DOI: 10.2478/v10042-009-0103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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15
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Abstract
Heme, the functional group of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and other hemoproteins, is a highly toxic substance when it appears in the extracellular milieu. To circumvent potential harmful effects of heme from hemoproteins released during physiological or pathological cell damage (such as hemolysis and rhabdomyolysis), specific high capacity scavenging systems have evolved in the mammalian organism. Two major systems, which essentially function in a similar way by means of a circulating latent plasma carrier protein that upon ligand binding is recognized by a receptor, are represented by a) the hemoglobin-binding haptoglobin and the receptor CD163, and b) the heme-binding hemopexin and the receptor low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein/CD91. Apart from the disclosure of the molecular basis for these important heme scavenging systems by identifying the functional link between the carrier proteins and the respective receptors, research over the last decade has shown how these systems, and the metabolic pathways they represent, closely relate to inflammation and other biological events.
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The number of people diagnosed with coeliac disease continues to rise, and this article critically summarizes recent research into the condition. RECENT FINDINGS Much work has been focused on clarifying the molecular pathways involving cytokines in coeliac disease. Such work will yield improved understanding of the complex pathogenesis of coeliac disease and novel therapeutic targets. SUMMARY The recent literature predominantly focuses on both elucidating the pathogenesis and improving diagnostic strategies for coeliac disease, but further work into the treatment of coeliac disease is needed.
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17
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Fabriek BO, Møller HJ, Vloet RPM, van Winsen LM, Hanemaaijer R, Teunissen CE, Uitdehaag BMJ, van den Berg TK, Dijkstra CD. Proteolytic shedding of the macrophage scavenger receptor CD163 in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 187:179-86. [PMID: 17537523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Revised: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The scavenger receptor CD163 is selectively expressed on tissue macrophages and human monocytes. CD163 has been implicated to play a role in the clearance of hemoglobin and in the regulation of cytokine production by macrophages. Membrane CD163 can be cleaved by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) resulting in soluble CD163 (sCD163). In the present report the shedding of CD163 was investigated in multiple sclerosis (MS). An upregulation of plasma sCD163 and a down regulation of membrane CD163 in MS patients compared to healthy controls was observed. The levels of plasma sCD163 correlated with plasma MMP-9 levels in controls, but not in MS patients. Moreover, evidence was obtained for CD163-cleaving MMP activity in plasma of MS patients. Finally, the increased proteolytic shedding of CD163 correlated to reduced plasma levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, our results provide evidence for proteolytic shedding of CD163 in MS and suggest a possible link to cytokine production.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/blood
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/blood
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/immunology
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods
- Female
- Humans
- Hydrocortisone/metabolism
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Multiple Sclerosis/blood
- Multiple Sclerosis/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/blood
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- Statistics, Nonparametric
- Transfection/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Babs O Fabriek
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU Medical Center, The Netherlands
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