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Black VL, Heesom K, Whittington F, Davis S, Tasker S, Adamantos S, Davidson AD. Assessment of the red blood cell proteome in a dog with unexplained hemolytic anemia. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:377-385. [PMID: 30024644 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 7-year-old female neutered Jack Russell Terrier was presented to Langford Vets, the University of Bristol, with a history of chronic intermittent lethargy. Investigations and clinical course were compatible with hereditary hemolysis due to a red blood cell membrane defect. Proteomics was used to explore protein alterations in the presence of a hypothesized red blood cell membrane protein deficiency. Proteomic analysis revealed downregulation of the band 3, and alpha- and beta-adducin proteins, and alterations in the red blood cell proteome consistent with previous reports of changes due to the presence of reticulocytosis and ongoing hemolysis. The spectrum of protein alterations identified in the affected dog may be homologous to a band 3 protein deficiency secondary to hereditary spherocytosis, as described in people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Black
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Heesom
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Fran Whittington
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, UK
| | - Sean Davis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Séverine Tasker
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, UK
| | - Sophie Adamantos
- Langford Veterinary Services, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew D Davidson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Sun B, Brooks ED, Koeberl DD. Preclinical Development of New Therapy for Glycogen Storage Diseases. Curr Gene Ther 2016; 15:338-47. [PMID: 26122079 DOI: 10.2174/1566523215666150630132253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease (GSD) consists of more than 10 discrete conditions for which the biochemical and genetic bases have been determined, and new therapies have been under development for several of these conditions. Gene therapy research has generated proof-of-concept for GSD types I (von Gierke disease) and II (Pompe disease). Key features of these gene therapy strategies include the choice of vector and regulatory cassette, and recently adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors containing tissue-specific promoters have achieved a high degree of efficacy. Efficacy of gene therapy for Pompe disease depend upon the induction of immune tolerance to the therapeutic enzyme. Efficacy of von Gierke disease is transient, waning gradually over the months following vector administration. Small molecule therapies have been evaluated with the goal of improving standard of care therapy or ameliorating the cellular abnormalities associated with specific GSDs. The receptor-mediated uptake of the therapeutic enzyme in Pompe disease was enhanced by administration of β2 agonists. Rapamycin reduced the liver fibrosis observed in GSD III. Further development of gene therapy could provide curative therapy for patients with GSD, if efficacy from preclinical research is observed in future clinical trials and these treatments become clinically available.
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Gultekin GI, Raj K, Foureman P, Lehman S, Manhart K, Abdulmalik O, Giger U. Erythrocytic pyruvate kinase mutations causing hemolytic anemia, osteosclerosis, and secondary hemochromatosis in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26:935-44. [PMID: 22805166 PMCID: PMC3650904 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00958.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythrocytic pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency, first documented in Basenjis, is the most common inherited erythroenzymopathy in dogs. OBJECTIVES To report 3 new breed-specific PK-LR gene mutations and a retrospective survey of PK mutations in as mall and selected group of Beagles and West Highland White Terriers (WHWT). ANIMALS Labrador Retrievers (2 siblings, 5 unrelated), Pugs (2 siblings, 1 unrelated), Beagles (39 anemic, 29 other),WHWTs (22 anemic, 226 nonanemic), Cairn Terrier (n = 1). METHODS Exons of the PK-LR gene were sequenced from genomic DNA of young dogs (<2 years) with persistent highly regenerative hemolytic anemia. RESULTS A nonsense mutation (c.799C>T) resulting in a premature stop codon was identified in anemic Labrador Retriever siblings that had osteosclerosis, high serum ferritin concentrations, and severe hepatic secondary hemochromatosis. Anemic Pug and Beagle revealed 2 different missense mutations (c.848T>C, c.994G>A, respectively) resulting in intolerable amino acid changes to protein structure and enzyme function. Breed-specific mutation tests were developed. Among the biased group of 248 WHWTs, 9% and 35% were homozygous (affected) and heterozygous, respectively, for the previously described mutation (mutant allele frequency 0.26). A PK-deficient Cairn Terrier had the same insertion mutation as the affected WHWTs. Of the selected group of 68 Beagles, 35% were PK-deficient and 3% were carriers (0.37). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Erythrocytic PK deficiency is caused by different mutations in different dog breeds and causes chronic severe hemolytic anemia, hemosiderosis, and secondary hemochromatosis because of chronic hemolysis and, an as yet unexplained osteosclerosis. The newly developed breed-specific mutation assays simplify the diagnosis of PK deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Inal Gultekin
- Section of Medical Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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4
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Inal Gultekin G, Raj K, Lehman S, Hillström A, Giger U. Missense mutation in PFKM associated with muscle-type phosphofructokinase deficiency in the Wachtelhund dog. Mol Cell Probes 2012; 26:243-7. [PMID: 22446493 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary muscle-type phosphofructokinase (PFK) deficiency causing intermittent hemolytic anemia and exertional myopathy due to a single nonsense mutation in PFKM has been previously described in English Springer and American Cocker Spaniels, Whippets, and mixed breed dogs. We report here on a new missense mutation associated with PFK deficiency in Wachtelhunds. Coding regions of the PFKM gene were amplified from genomic DNA and/or cDNA reverse-transcribed from RNA of EDTA blood of PFK-deficient and clinically healthy Wachtelhunds and control dogs. The amplicons were sequenced and compared to the published canine PFKM sequence. A point mutation (c.550C>T, in the coding sequence of PFKM expressed in blood) was found in all 4 affected Wachtelhunds. This missense mutation results in an amino acid substitution of arginine (Arg) to tryptophan (Trp) at position 184 of the protein expressed in blood (p.Arg184Trp). The mutation is located within an alpha-helix, and based on the SIFT analysis, this amino acid substitution is not tolerated. Amplifying the region around this mutation and digesting the PCR fragment with the restriction enzyme MspI, produces fragments that readily differentiate between PFK-deficient, carrier, and normal animals. Furthermore, we document 2 additional upstream PFKM exons expressed in canine testis but not in blood. Despite their similar phenotypic appearance and use for hunting, Wachtelhunds and English Springer Spaniels are not thought to have common ancestors. Thus, it is not surprising that different mutations are responsible for PFK deficiency in these breeds. Knowledge of the molecular basis of PFK deficiency in Wachtelhunds provides an opportunity to screen and control the spread of this deleterious trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Inal Gultekin
- Section of Medical Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Owen JL, Harvey JW. Hemolytic Anemia in Dogs and Cats Due to Erythrocyte Enzyme Deficiencies. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2012; 42:73-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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6
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Hillström A, Tvedten H, Rowe A, Giger U. Hereditary phosphofructokinase deficiency in wachtelhunds. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2011; 47:145-50. [PMID: 21311071 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary phosphofructokinase (PFK) deficiency was diagnosed in two Wachtelhund dogs and suspected in three related Wachtelhund dogs with exercise intolerance, hemolytic anemia, and pigmenturia. Severe, persistent reticulocytosis in light of only mild anemia together with hemoglobinuria after strenuous exercise suggested PFK deficiency. Low erythrocyte PFK activity together with low 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations and a high hemoglobin-oxygen affinity confirmed the diagnosis. The PFK deficiency is due to a single missense mutation in the muscle-type PFK M-PFK gene in English springer and American cocker spaniels, whippets, and mixed-breed dogs; however, these PFK-deficient Wachtelhunds do not have the same PFK mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hillström
- University Veterinary Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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7
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Instructions to authors. Anim Genet 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1995.tb02634.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Instructions to authors. Anim Genet 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1993.tb00938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gerber K, Harvey JW, D'Agorne S, Wood J, Giger U. Hemolysis, myopathy, and cardiac disease associated with hereditary phosphofructokinase deficiency in two Whippets. Vet Clin Pathol 2008; 38:46-51. [PMID: 19228357 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2008.00089.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two male castrated Whippet littermates were presented at 1 year of age for pallor, tachycardia, systolic heart murmur, dark yellow to orange feces, intermittent lethargy, pigmenturia, and muscle shivering or cramping after exercise. Persistent macrocytic hypochromic anemia with marked reticulocytosis and metarubricytosis was found when CBC results were compared with reference values for Whippets. Increased serum creatine kinase activity and hyperkalemia also were sometimes present over the 4-year period of evaluation. Progressively increasing serum concentrations of N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide suggested cardiac disease. Erythrocytes from the whippets were less osmotically fragile but more alkaline fragile than those from control dogs. Erythrocyte phosphofructokinase (PFK) activities and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations were decreased. Restriction enzyme-based DNA test screening and DNA sequencing revealed the same mutation in the muscle-PFK gene of the Whippets as seen in English Springer Spaniel dogs with PFK deficiency. This is the first report of PFK deficiency in Whippet dogs. In addition to causing hemolysis and exertional myopathy, heart disease may be a prominent clinical component of PFK deficiency in this breed and has not been previously recognized in PFK-deficient English Springer Spaniels.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Diane Shelton
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0709, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Platt
- Centre for Small Animal Studies, The Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Many of the endocrine and metabolic myopathies have no unique features, and for most clinicians, it is not possible to remember the clinical nuances of all the specific abnormalities and deficiencies responsible for these myopathies. This can make this group of diseases difficult to suspect. It is more important to recognize the general features of myopathic disease and to consider muscle biopsies as a preliminary diagnostic technique, with the potential for further investigation if a myopathy is confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Platt
- Neurology/Neurosurgery Unit, The Animal Health Trust, Centre for Small Animal Studies, Newmarket, Suffolk, England.
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13
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Skibild E, Dahlgaard K, Rajpurohit Y, Smith BF, Giger U. Haemolytic anaemia and exercise intolerance due to phosphofructokinase deficiency in related springer spaniels. J Small Anim Pract 2001; 42:298-300. [PMID: 11440399 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2001.tb02043.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosphofructokinase (PFK) deficiency is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder in dogs causing haemolytic crises and exertional myopathy. The clinical signs may be confused with those of recurrent immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia. The deficiency has been commonly observed in field trial (working) English springer spaniels (ESSPs), but also in the conformation line of ESSPs in the USA over the past two decades. This report documents the first family of ESSPs found with PFK deficiency in Europe. Two related adult ESSPs in Denmark had intermittent signs of pigmenturia after exercise (hunting) and had evidence of a regenerative haemolytic anaemia. Based upon DNA sequencing data, both dogs had the previously described nonsense point mutation in the muscle-type PFK gene (delta2228G-->A). Study of 17 related family members using a simple and accurate PFK-DNA test revealed one additional PFK-deficient dog (with minor exercise intolerance), nine carriers and seven normal (or 'clear') ESSPs. Recently, the authors have also identified PFK carriers and affected ESSPs in the UK. Screening for PFK deficiency is recommended for ESSPs with suspicious clinical signs and before using any for field trials or breeding in order to prevent the further spread of this hereditary disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Skibild
- Dahlgaard's Dyreklinik, Birkerod, Denmark
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Abstract
Muscle-type phosphofructokinase (M-PFK) deficiency causes an exertional myopathy and chronic hemolysis in affected humans and dogs, the only animal model available. Deficient individuals have impaired glycolytic metabolism, impaired oxidative metabolism, and increased hemoglobin-oxygen (HbO2) affinity as a result of low 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) levels. The purpose of this study was to determine if PFK-deficient muscle has abnormal oxygen saturation during exercise. Oxygen saturation of hemoglobin/myoglobin was measured noninvasively in skeletal muscle during progressive muscle activation using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Muscle metabolites were also measured using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). PFK-deficient and normal dogs were anesthetized and the cranial tibial muscles stimulated for 6 min at each of four different rates (1, 2, 4, and 8 Hz). With increasing stimulation, muscles from normal dogs showed progressive decrease in hemoglobin saturation. In contrast, PFK-deficient dogs exhibited either an increase in hemoglobin saturation or an initial decrease with no further change. PFK-deficient muscles accumulated 11.1 +/- 3.5 mmol/L of sugar phosphate which was not seen in normal muscle and had higher calculated [ADP] levels at each stimulation level, indicating impaired oxidative metabolism. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that these animals have impaired oxidative metabolism and impaired muscle O2 extraction from hemoglobin due to increased HbO2 affinity. NIRS appears to be a useful noninvasive method of monitoring tissue oxygen saturation in normal or disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McCully
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Medical College of Pennsylvania and Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131, USA
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Smith BF, Stedman H, Rajpurohit Y, Henthorn PS, Wolfe JH, Patterson DF, Giger U. Molecular basis of canine muscle type phosphofructokinase deficiency. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:20070-4. [PMID: 8702726 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.33.20070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle type phosphofructokinase (M-PFK) deficiency is a rare inherited glycogen storage disease in humans that causes exertional myopathy and hemolysis. The molecular basis of canine M-PFK deficiency, the only naturally occurring animal homologue, was investigated. Lack of M-PFK enzyme activity was caused by a nonsense mutation in the penultimate exon of the M-PFK gene, leading to rapid degradation of a truncated (40 amino acids) and therefore unstable M-PFK protein. A polymerase chain reaction-based test was devised to identify M-PFK-deficient and carrier animals. This represents one of only a few inborn errors of metabolism where the molecular defect has been identified in a large animal model which can now be used to develop and assess novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Smith
- Section of Medical Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6010, USA
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Harvey JW, Smith JE. Haematology and clinical chemistry of english springer spaniel dogs with phosphofructokinase deficiency. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00368272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Harvey JW, Pate MG, Mhaskar Y, Dunaway GA. Characterization of phosphofructokinase-deficient canine erythrocytes. J Inherit Metab Dis 1992; 15:747-59. [PMID: 1434514 DOI: 10.1007/bf01800017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dogs homozygously affected with muscle-type phosphofructokinase (PFK) deficiency had about 20% of normal erythrocyte PFK activity and exhibited a compensated haemolytic anaemia. Erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate concentrations were increased and dihydroxyacetone phosphate and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate values were below normal in affected dogs. Other intermediates distal to the PFK step were not significantly below normal and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate was even above normal. Erythrocyte ATP was higher than normal in affected dogs owing to the reticulocytes present. Abnormal adenylate metabolism was demonstrated by low ATP/AMP and ADP/AMP ratios and the inability to maintain ATP content when affected erythrocytes were incubated with cyanide. Glucose-1,6-bisphosphate content was normal, and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate content in affected canine erythrocytes was higher than normal. Studies of erythrocyte PFK isozymes revealed altered enzyme kinetic properties in affected dogs which appeared to be due to the loss of the M-type subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Harvey
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0144
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Smith
- Department of Pathology, Kansas Veterinary Medical Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
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Giger U, Argov Z, Schnall M, Bank WJ, Chance B. Metabolic myopathy in canine muscle-type phosphofructokinase deficiency. Muscle Nerve 1988; 11:1260-5. [PMID: 2976895 DOI: 10.1002/mus.880111210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In vivo 31phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (P-NMR) of the anterior tibialis muscle was used to investigate the metabolic myopathy of inherited muscle-type phosphofructokinase (PFK) deficiency in four (homozygous) dogs who had mild exercise intolerance, rare muscle cramps, increased serum creatine kinase activity, but no myoglobinuria. During isometric muscle work induced by indirect electrical stimulation, and subsequent recovery, changes in the ratio of phosphocreatine (PCr) and inorganic phosphates (Pi) were comparable in muscle of PFK-deficient and normal dogs and indicated a large capacity for arobic oxidative phosphorylation in canine muscle. The progressive accumulation of sugar phosphates (PME) during graded exercise clearly demonstrated the glycolytic block in PFK-deficient dogs. During a muscle contracture, induced by acute muscle stimulation, PFK-deficient muscle became completely depleted of PCr and ATP, accumulated large amounts of PME, and recovered very slowly. We conclude that PFK-deficient dogs have a metabolic myopathy that demonstrated some but not all the features recognized in the human disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Giger
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6010
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Harvey JW, Sussman WA, Pate MG. Effect of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration on the alkaline fragility of phosphofructokinase-deficient canine erythrocytes. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1988; 89:105-9. [PMID: 2965634 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(88)90269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
1. Erythrocytes in whole blood samples from dogs with phosphofructokinase (PFK) deficiency had lower 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) concentrations, higher ATP concentrations, and were more alkaline fragile than normal canine erythrocytes. 2. Reticulocytes from a PFK-deficient dog contained nearly three times the ATP concentration of normal canine erythrocytes, and had 2,3-DPG concentrations similar to normal canine erythrocytes. 3. PFK-deficient reticulocytes are not alkaline fragile. 4. The erythrocyte 2,3-DPG concentration in whole blood samples from PFK-deficient dogs was increased to normal by in vitro incubation with dihydroxyacetone, pyruvate and phosphate. This incubation resulted in only a slight increase in ATP concentration. 5. The alkaline fragility of these 2,3-DPG replenished PFK-deficient erythrocytes was normal. 6. Findings in this study indicate that the increased alkaline fragility of canine PFK-deficient erythrocytes is the result of decreased intracellular 2,3-DPG concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Harvey
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
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ROUDEBUSH PHILIP, EASLEY JROGER, HARVEY JOHNW. Nonspherocytic haemolytic anaemia due to phosphofructokinase deficiency in an English Springer Spaniel. J Small Anim Pract 1987. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1987.tb01444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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