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Adin D, Atkins C, Domenig O, Glahn C, DeFrancesco T, Meurs K. Evaluation of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Components and Enzymes in Systemically Hypertensive Cats Receiving Amlodipine. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3479. [PMID: 38003097 PMCID: PMC10668637 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation is harmful. Amlodipine activates RAAS in humans and dogs, but contradictory data exist for systemically hypertensive (SHT) cats. HYPOTHESIS Cats with SHT and chronic kidney disease treated with amlodipine (SHT/CKD-A) are RAAS activated. ANIMALS Client-owned cats: unmedicated normotensive (NT) cats (n = 9); SHT/CKD-A cats (n = 5) with median systolic blood pressure of 170 mmHg (vs. 195 mmHg, pre-treatment), chronic kidney disease, and receiving no RAAS-suppressive therapy. METHODS Serum was frozen (-80 °C) until RAAS analysis via equilibrium analysis. The RAAS variables (reported as median (minimum-maximum)) were compared between groups, using Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Angiotensin 1, angiotensin 1,7, angiotensin III, and angiotensin 1,5, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2 activity were higher in SHT/CKD-A cats compared to NT cats, while ACE activity was lower in SHT/CKD-A cats compared to NT cats (p < 0.05 all). A marker for alternative RAAS influence (ALT-S) was significantly higher (69; 58-73 pmol/pmol) in SHT/CKD-A cats compared to NT cats (35; 14-63 pmol/pmol; p = 0.001). Aldosterone concentrations were significantly higher (393; 137-564 pmol/L) in SHT/CKD-A cats compared to NT cats (129; 28-206 pmol/L; p = 0.007). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Circulating RAAS is activated in systemically hypertensive cats receiving amlodipine. Although this study did not parse out the individual contributions of SHT, chronic kidney disease, and amlodipine, the findings suggest that the use of concurrent RAAS-suppressant therapy, specifically aldosterone antagonism, in amlodipine-treated SHT cats with chronic kidney disease might be indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy Adin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Clarke Atkins
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA (K.M.)
| | | | | | - Teresa DeFrancesco
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA (K.M.)
| | - Kathryn Meurs
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA (K.M.)
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Ames MK, Adin DB, Wood J. Beyond Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: Modulation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System to Delay or Manage Congestive Heart Failure. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:1353-1366. [PMID: 37423846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) consists of bioactive angiotensin peptides, enzymatic pathways, receptors, and the steroid hormone aldosterone. The RAAS regulates blood pressure, sodium, and electrolyte homeostasis and mediates pathologic disease processes. Within this system is an alternative arm that counterbalances the vasoconstrictive, sodium and water retentive, and pro-fibrotic and inflammatory effects of the classical arm. Improved biochemical methodologies in RAAS quantification are elucidating how this complex system changes in health and disease. Future treatments for cardiovascular and kidney disease will likely involve a more nuanced manipulation of this system rather than simple blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa K Ames
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Darcy B Adin
- University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Southwest 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - James Wood
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Hu Y, Jin L, Wang Z. Genome-wide association study of dilated cardiomyopathy-induced heart failure associated with renal insufficiency in a Chinese population. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:335. [PMID: 37391705 PMCID: PMC10314512 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03370-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As it is unclear whether there is genetic susceptibility to cardiorenal syndrome (CRS), we conducted a genome-wide association study of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)-induced heart failure (HF) associated with renal insufficiency (RI) in a Chinese population to identify putative susceptibility variants and culprit genes. METHODS A total of 99 Han Chinese patients with DCM-induced chronic HF were selected and divided into one of three groups, namely, HF with normal renal function (Group 1), HF with mild RI (Group 2) and HF with moderate to severe RI (Group 3). Genomic DNA was extracted from each subject for genotyping. RESULTS According to Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, top 10 lists of molecular function, cell composition and biological process of differential target genes and 15 signalling pathways were discriminated among the three groups. Additionally, sequencing results identified 26 significantly different single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 15 signalling pathways, including three SNPs (rs57938337, rs6683225 and rs6692782) in ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2) and two SNPs (rs12439006 and rs16958069) in RYR3. The genotype and allele frequencies of the five SNPs in RYR2 and RYR3 were significantly differential between HF (Group 1) and CRS (Group 2 + 3) patients. CONCLUSION Twenty-six significantly different SNP loci in 17 genes of the 15 KEGG pathways were found in the three patient groups. Among these variants, rs57938337, rs6683225 and rs6692782 in RYR2 and rs12439006 and rs16958069 in RYR3 are associated with RI in Han Chinese patients with heart failure, suggesting that these variants may be used to identify patients susceptible to CRS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 246 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangli Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 246 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 246 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, China.
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Adin DB, Spalla M, Walden H, Gruntmeir J, Hernandez JA, Long M. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in dogs with Dirofilaria immitis. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:145. [PMID: 37106412 PMCID: PMC10139826 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05649-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection by the canine heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, causes significant cardiopulmonary disease, with progression impacted by increasing parasite numbers and duration of infection. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an important mediator of cardiac and pulmonary disease. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) mitigates the maladaptive effects of angiotensin II by converting it to angiotensin (1-7). We hypothesized that circulating ACE2 activity would be altered in dogs with high heartworm infection intensities relative to dogs without heartworms. METHODS Frozen serum samples (-80 °C) from 30 dogs euthanized at Florida shelters were analyzed for ACE2 activity using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectroscopy and a kinetics approach with and without an ACE2 inhibitor. A convenience sample of 15 dogs without heartworms (HW0) and 15 dogs with > 50 heartworms (HW>50) was included. Heartworm number and microfilariae presence were determined at necropsy. The effects of heartworm status, body weight, and sex on ACE2 were evaluated using regression analysis. Values of P < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS All HW0 dogs were D. immitis microfilariae-negative and all HW>50 dogs were D. immitis microfilariae-positive with a median adult worm count of 74 (minimum = 63, maximum = 137). The ACE2 activity of HW>50 dogs (median = 28.2 ng/ml; minimum = 13.6, maximum = 76.2) was not different from HW0 dogs (median 31.9 ng/ml; minimum = 14.1, maximum = 139.1; P = 0.53). The ACE2 activity was higher in dogs with high body weight (median 34.2 ng/ml minimum = 14.1, maximum = 76.2) than in dogs with low weight (median 27.5 ng/ml; minimum = 16.4, maximum = 139.1; P = .044). CONCLUSIONS Heartworm infection did not impact ACE2 activity in shelter dogs with or without heartworms, but heavier dogs had higher ACE2 activity compared to lighter dogs. Comprehensive RAAS evaluation and additional clinical information would aid in understanding how ACE2 activity relates to the entire cascade and clinical status in dogs with heartworm disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy B Adin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Meaghan Spalla
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Heather Walden
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jeff Gruntmeir
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jorge A Hernandez
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maureen Long
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Adin DB, Hernandez JA. Influence of sex on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system metabolites and enzymes in Doberman Pinschers. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 37:22-27. [PMID: 36412252 PMCID: PMC9889697 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen modulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in women, but sex differences have not been fully explored in dogs. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that the RAAS profile of intact female (IF) Doberman Pinschers (DP) would differ from spayed female (SF) and intact male (IM) DP. ANIMALS Eighteen healthy DP (6 IF, 6 SF, 6 IM). METHODS Absolute and indexed RAAS metabolites, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 activities, and genotypes (pyruvate kinase dehydrogenase 4, titin, and ACE variants) were compared among sex groups using Kruskal-Wallis or chi-square tests, and linear regression controlling for age. Data are expressed as median (minimum, maximum) and P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS The ACE activity was higher in IF DP (656 pmol/L; 436, 784) compared to SF DP (411 pmol/L; 287, 451; P = .01) and IM DP (365 pmol/L; 276, 1200; P = .04) after controlling for age. Angiotensin II, angiotensin I, and plasma renin activity marker (PRA-S) were higher in IF DP compared to SF DP, but not significantly (P ≤ .25). After controlling for age, angiotensin 1-7/angiotensin I was lower in IF DP compared to SF DP (P = .01). Genotypes did not differ among groups. Most DP (94%) were ACE variant positive. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Sex and reproductive status influenced the RAAS of DP, with IF DP showing genotype-independent higher ACE activity. These findings hold implications for sterilization practices in female dogs, and support sex and reproductive status as a source of variability in RAAS studies. Additionally, the frequency of the ACE gene variant was very high in this group of DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy B. Adin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesUniversity of Florida, College of Veterinary MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Jorge A. Hernandez
- Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesUniversity of Florida, College of Veterinary MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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Kahlon T, Carlisle S, Otero Mostacero D, Williams N, Trainor P, DeFilippis AP. Angiotensinogen: More Than its Downstream Products: Evidence From Population Studies and Novel Therapeutics. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2022; 10:699-713. [PMID: 35963818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a well-defined pathway playing a key role in maintaining circulatory homeostasis. Abnormal activation of RAAS contributes to development of cardiovascular disease, including heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Although several key RAAS enzymes and peptide hormones have been thoroughly investigated, the role of angiotensinogen-the precursor substrate of the RAAS pathway-remains less understood. The study of angiotensinogen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has provided insight into associations between angiotensinogen and hypertension, congestive heart failure, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Targeted drug therapy of RAAS has dramatically improved clinical outcomes for patients with heart failure, myocardial infarction, and hypertension. However, all such therapeutics block RAAS components downstream of angiotensinogen and elicit compensatory pathways that limit their therapeutic efficacy as monotherapy. Upstream RAAS targeting by an angiotensinogen inhibitor has the potential to be more efficacious in patients with suboptimal RAAS inhibition and has a better safety profile than multiagent RAAS blockade. Newly developed therapeutics that target angiotensinogen through antisense oligonucleotides or silencer RNA technologies are providing a novel perspective into the pathobiology of angiotensinogen and show promise as the next frontier in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Kahlon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Samantha Carlisle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | - Diana Otero Mostacero
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nina Williams
- Warren Clinic Cardiology of Tulsa, St Francis Hospital, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Patrick Trainor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | - Andrew P DeFilippis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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The Genetic Variants in the Renin-Angiotensin System and the Risk of Heart Failure in Polish Patients. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071257. [PMID: 35886041 PMCID: PMC9319667 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Heart failure (HF) is a complex disease and one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to the pathogenesis of HF. (2) Aim: To investigate the association of RAS key genetic variants, rs5051 (A-6G) in the gene encoding angiotensinogen (AGT), rs4646994 (I/D) in the gene for angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE), and rs5186 (A1166C) in the gene encoding type 1 receptor for angiotensin II (AGTR1), with the HF risk in the cohort of Polish patients. (3) Methods: The study group consisted of 415 patients that were diagnosed with HF, while the control group comprised of 152 healthy individuals. Genomic DNA were extracted from blood and genotyping was carried out using either PCR or PCR-RFLP for ACE or AGT and AGTR1 variants, respectively. (4) Results: No association has been found between the I/D ACE and heart failure. The HF risk was significantly higher for AG AGT heterozygotes (overdominance: AG versus AA + GG) and for carriers of the G AGT allele in codominant and dominant modes of inheritance. However, the risk of HF was significantly lower in the carriers of at least one C AGTR1 allele (AC or CC genotypes) or in AC AGTR1 heterozygotes (overdominant mode). There was a significant relationship for AGT and HF patients in NYHA Class I-II for whom the risk was higher for the carriers of the G allele, and for the AG heterozygotes. There was also a significant interaction between heterozygote advantage of AGT and BMI increasing the risk for HF. (5) Conclusion: Our results suggest that the A(-6)G AGT polymorphism may be associated with HF in the Polish population and the HF risk seems to be modulated by the A1166C AGTR1 polymorphism.
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8
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Petrashova DA, Kolomeichuk SN. Effect of Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism on genome instability in children living in Russian Arctic. Klin Lab Diagn 2021; 66:635-640. [PMID: 34665951 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-10-635-640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Main risks of arterial hypertension manifest in childhood. Children living in the Far North are especially susceptible to this. There is a need for an inexpensive, non-invasive and simple diagnosis of the risk of childhood pathologies. It was previously found that the genotype DD of the in/del polymorphic marker of the ACE gene is found in people at risk of developing cardiovascular pathologies. Buccal micronucleus cytome assay and genetic analysis were used in the work. In total, 77 schoolchildren from the city of Apatity, aged 15-17 years old, were examined. We have shown that carriers of the D allele have a tendency to an increase in the frequency of cells with micronuclei. In the case of homozygous I/I variant, the frequency of occurrence of cells with karyopycnosis is significantly higher than in carriers of allele D. Polymorphic marker in/del of the ACE gene is associated with apoptotic changes in the cells of the studied children. The in/del polymorphic marker of the ACE gene can be used as a prognostic marker of the processes of genome destabilization at the early stages of development of the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S N Kolomeichuk
- Karelian Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences.,Nothern State Medical University
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Adin DB, Atkins CE, Friedenberg SG, Stern JA, Meurs KM. Prevalence of an angiotensin-converting enzyme gene variant in dogs. Canine Med Genet 2021; 8:6. [PMID: 34256860 PMCID: PMC8276509 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-021-00105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic heterogeneity of the canine angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene is functionally important because the degree of aldosterone breakthrough with ACE-inhibitor therapy is greater in variant positive dogs compared to variant negative dogs, but the prevalence of the variant is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine ACE gene variant-positive prevalence in a population of 497 dogs of different breeds. Results Overall variant-positive prevalence was 31%, with 20% of dogs heterozygous and 11% of dogs homozygous. The variant was overrepresented in Irish Wolfhounds (prevalence 95%; P < .001), Dachshunds (prevalence 90%; P < .001), Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (prevalence 85%; P < .001), Great Danes (prevalence 84%; P < .001), and Bull Mastiffs (prevalence 58%; P = .02). Irish Wolfhounds were more likely to be homozygous than heterozygous (P < .001). Conclusions Nearly one-third of dogs in this study were positive for a functionally important ACE gene variant, with wide prevalence variability between breeds. The clinical importance of high ACE gene variant-positive prevalence in some breeds requires further study because the highest prevalences were found in breeds that are predisposed to heart disease and therefore may be treated with ACE-inhibitors. Genetic differences in the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) have been shown to affect the way dogs respond to ACE-inhibitors, a class of medication which is used to treat dogs with heart disease. Dogs that have a genetic mutation of the ACE gene show less benefit with ACE-inhibitor medications than dogs without the mutation, but it is not known how common the mutation is in dogs. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of this mutation (variant) in a large population of dogs of different breeds. The overall variant-positive prevalence in this population of 497 dogs was 31%. The variant was overrepresented in Irish Wolfhounds (prevalence 95%), Dachshunds (prevalence 90%), Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (prevalence 85%), Great Danes (prevalence 84%), and Bull Mastiffs (prevalence 58%). Irish Wolfhounds were more likely than other breeds to have 2 copies of the mutation (homozygous) than 1 copy of the mutation (heterozygous). The clinical importance of high ACE gene variant-positive prevalence in some breeds will require additional studies because some breeds are predisposed to heart disease, for which treatment with ACE-inhibitor medication might be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Adin
- University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - C E Atkins
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - S G Friedenberg
- University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - J A Stern
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - K M Meurs
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Chair SY, Chan JYW, Waye MMY, Liu T, Law BMH, Chien WT. Exploration of Potential Genetic Biomarkers for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115904. [PMID: 34072866 PMCID: PMC8198957 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients with heart failure (HF) often present with signs and symptoms that are often nonspecific and with a wide differential diagnosis, making diagnosis and prognosis of HF by clinical presentation alone challenging. Our knowledge on genetic diversity is rapidly evolving with high-throughput DNA sequencing technology, which makes a great potential for genetic biomarker development. The present review attempts to provide a comprehensive review on the modification of major genetic components in HF patients and to explore the potential application of these components as clinical biomarkers in the diagnosis and in monitoring the progress of HF. The literature search was conducted using six databases, resulting in the inclusion of eighteen studies in the review. The findings of these studies were summarized narratively. An appraisal of the reporting quality of the included studies was conducted using a twelve-item checklist adapted from the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist. The findings showed that changes in genetic components in patients with HF compared to healthy controls could be noninvasive diagnostic or prognostic tools for HF with higher specificity and sensitivity in comparison with the traditional biomarkers. This review provided evidence for the potential of developing genetic biomarkers of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sek-Ying Chair
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.-Y.C.); (M.-M.-Y.W.); (T.L.); (B.-M.-H.L.); (W.-T.C.)
- Asia-Pacific Genomic and Genetic Nursing Centre, The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Judy-Yuet-Wa Chan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.-Y.C.); (M.-M.-Y.W.); (T.L.); (B.-M.-H.L.); (W.-T.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mary-Miu-Yee Waye
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.-Y.C.); (M.-M.-Y.W.); (T.L.); (B.-M.-H.L.); (W.-T.C.)
- The Croucher Laboratory for Human Genomics, The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ting Liu
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.-Y.C.); (M.-M.-Y.W.); (T.L.); (B.-M.-H.L.); (W.-T.C.)
| | - Bernard-Man-Hin Law
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.-Y.C.); (M.-M.-Y.W.); (T.L.); (B.-M.-H.L.); (W.-T.C.)
| | - Wai-Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.-Y.C.); (M.-M.-Y.W.); (T.L.); (B.-M.-H.L.); (W.-T.C.)
- Asia-Pacific Genomic and Genetic Nursing Centre, The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Noroozi R, Omrani MD, Branicki W, Pośpiech E, Sayad A, Pyrc K, Łabaj PP, Vafaee R, Taheri M, Sanak M. Angiotensin converting enzyme: A review on expression profile and its association with human disorders with special focus on SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vascul Pharmacol 2020; 130:106680. [PMID: 32423553 PMCID: PMC7211701 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2020.106680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and its homologue, ACE2, have been mostly associated with hypertensive disorder. However, recent pandemia of SARS-CoV-2 has put these proteins at the center of attention, as this virus has been shown to exploit ACE2 protein to enter cells. Clear difference in the response of affected patients to this virus has urged researchers to find the molecular basis and pathophysiology of the cell response to this virus. Different levels of expression and function of ACE proteins, underlying disorders, consumption of certain medications and the existence of certain genomic variants within ACE genes are possible explanations for the observed difference in the response of individuals to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the current review, we discuss the putative mechanisms for this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Noroozi
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Wojciech Branicki
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewelina Pośpiech
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Arezou Sayad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Krzysztof Pyrc
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł P Łabaj
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Reza Vafaee
- Proteomics Research Center, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marek Sanak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
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Micarelli A, Cormano A, Caccamo D, Alessandrini M. Olfactory-Related Quality of Life in Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: A Genetic-Acquired Factors Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010156. [PMID: 31881664 PMCID: PMC6981591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms as well as environmental exposures to chemical compounds, iatrogenic, psychological, and physical trauma may play a pathophysiological role in multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) olfactory complaints, given that xenobiotic metabolism is influenced by sequence variations in genes of metabolizing enzymes. Thus, the aim of the present study was to depict-by means of multiple regression analysis-how different genetic conditions, grouped according to their function as well as clinical background and environmental exposure may interfere with those olfactory complaints referred by MCS patients. Therefore, MCS patients after gene polymorphism sequencing, the olfactory-related quality of life score-calculated by means of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorder in forty-six MCS patients-have been found to significantly rely on the phase I and II enzymes score and exposure to previous compounds and surgical treatments. The present work-implementing for the first time a genetic-acquired factors model on a regression analysis-further reinforces those theories, positing MCS as a complex, multifactorial, disease in which the genetic risk related to phase I and II enzymes involved in xenobiotic detoxification, olfactory, and neurodegenerative diseases play a necessary, but probably not sufficient role, along the pathophysiological route of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Micarelli
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, EURAC Research, I-39100 Bolzano, Italy
- ITER Center for Balance and Rehabilitation Research (ICBRR), 02032 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Daniela Caccamo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, Polyclinic Hospital University, 98124 Messina, Italy;
| | - Marco Alessandrini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
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Temel SG, Ergoren MC, Yilmaz I, Oral HB. The use of ACE INDEL polymorphism as a biomarker of coronary artery disease (CAD) in humans with Mediterranean-style diet. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 123:576-580. [PMID: 30414419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
The ACE INDEL gene polymorphisms are strongly associated with CAD. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between ACE INDEL polymorphism and CAD in Turkish Cypriots whose are expected to have Mediterranean-style diet. 273 Turkish Cypriot descent volunteer subjects (186 controls and 87 CAD patients) participated in this study. Genotyping for the ACE INDEL polymorphism was performed by PCR-RFLP analysis. Biochemical parameters except the glucose and triglyceride lipid level were all within normal limits. Glucose level was found significant (p = 0.019) and triglyceride level was observed at the borderline for significance (p = 0.050) in participants according to WHO guidelines. With the respect to the genotype and allele distributions of ACE INDEL, the results showed statistically significant in CAD patients (p = 0.034) and not significant (p = 0.190) in controls. Haplotype analysis showed that D allele was more frequent in patients compared to controls. Thus, there is a statistically significant association with CAD disease with DD genotypes (p = 0.030) in Turkish Cypriot population. The results indicated that ACE INDEL polymorphism is an important predictor of coronary artery disease in Turkish Cypriots. Although 47% of the studied Turkish Cypriot population carry the D allele (p = 0.07), protocols should be developed for prevention strategies immediately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehime Gulsun Temel
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Cerkez Ergoren
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, Cyprus; Experimental Health Sciences Research Center (DESAM), Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Izel Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Haluk Barbaros Oral
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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Arafa S, Abdelsalam S, El-Gilany AH, Mosaad YM, Abdel-Ghaffar A. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase Glu 298 Asp (G894T) and Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism as possible risk factors for coronary heart disease among Egyptians. Egypt Heart J 2018; 70:393-401. [PMID: 30591762 PMCID: PMC6303524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehj.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In Egypt, The prevalence of chronic heart disease (CHD) is 8.3%. It is the principal cause of death and is responsible for 22% of total mortality. The age-adjusted mortality rate is 174 per 100,000 of population. There are many studies on traditional risk factors and CHD in Egypt but the study of novel risk factors is deficient. Objectives The aim of the present case control study was to investigate the relation between CHD susceptibility and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Glu 298 Asp (G894T) and Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphism in a cohort of Egyptian individuals. Methods Genotyping of eNOS (Glu298Asp) and Apo E genes polymorphisms were done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) method for 100 CHD cases and 100 age and sex matched healthy controls. Results A statistically significant association was observed between GT and TT genotypes of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene with CHD with OR = 2.03 and 3.5; respectively. Also, carriers of E4 allele and especially E3/E4 genotype were at higher risk of CHD with OR = 3.3 for both. Significant association was also observed between the presence of combined GTE3E4 genotype and CHD with OR = 6.6. Conclusion GT and TT genotypes of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene, E3/E4 genotype of Apo E gene polymorphism and combined GTE3E4 genotype can be considered risk factors for the development of CHD among Egyptians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Arafa
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sherehan Abdelsalam
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Public Health & Community Medicine Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hady El-Gilany
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Public Health & Community Medicine Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Youssef Mohamed Mosaad
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department & Mansoura Research Center for Cord Stem Cells (MARC_CSC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Adel Abdel-Ghaffar
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Public Health & Community Medicine Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
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Oliveira RVM, Albuquerque FN, Duque GS, Freitas RGA, Carvalho EF, Brandão AA, Silva DA, Mourilhe-Rocha R, Albuquerque DC. Heart failure and endothelial nitric oxide synthase G894T gene polymorphism frequency variations within ancestries. Nitric Oxide 2018; 73:60-65. [PMID: 28554876 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The G894T polymorphism in endothelial nitric oxide synthase enzyme gene plays an important role in heart failure (HF) and its frequency varies among populations. We investigated this association in highly admixed samples in terms of ancestry. The cohort included 210 HF patients and 106 healthy individuals. Self-reported race and NYHA class were analyzed for HF patients. G894T polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and by restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Ancestry was estimated using a PCR reaction containing 46 autosomal ancestry informative markers and an analysis by capillary electrophoresis. The GG homozygous genotype had a higher frequency in HF patients (63.8%) than in healthy individuals (48.1%), showing an increased chance (odds ratio 1.90, 95% confidence interval 1.18-3.05). The ancestry profiles in patients and controls were similar, with a major European contribution (57.1% and 63.2%), followed by African (30.2% and 24.0%) and Native American (12.7% and 12.8%), without a significant difference between both samples (p = 0.28). The GG genotype is associated to HF prognosis, and this association remains present in highly admixed sample groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romulo V M Oliveira
- DNA Diagnostic Laboratory (LDD), Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Felipe N Albuquerque
- Division of Cardiology, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gustavo S Duque
- Division of Cardiology, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rossana G A Freitas
- DNA Diagnostic Laboratory (LDD), Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elizeu F Carvalho
- DNA Diagnostic Laboratory (LDD), Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andrea A Brandão
- Division of Cardiology, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dayse A Silva
- DNA Diagnostic Laboratory (LDD), Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Mourilhe-Rocha
- Division of Cardiology, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Denilson C Albuquerque
- Division of Cardiology, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Scurrah KJ, Lamantia A, Ellis JA, Harrap SB. Familial Analysis of Epistatic and Sex-Dependent Association of Genes of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Blood Pressure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 10:CIRCGENETICS.116.001595. [PMID: 28506960 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.116.001595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system genes have been inconsistently associated with blood pressure, possibly because of unrecognized influences of sex-dependent genetic effects or gene-gene interactions (epistasis). METHODS AND RESULTS We tested association of systolic blood pressure with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at renin (REN), angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1), and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2), including sex-SNP or SNP-SNP interactions. Eighty-eight tagSNPs were tested in 2872 white individuals in 809 pedigrees from the Victorian Family Heart Study using variance components models. Three SNPs (rs8075924 and rs4277404 at ACE and rs12721297 at AGTR1) were individually associated with lower systolic blood pressure with significant (P<0.00076) effect sizes ≈1.7 to 2.5 mm Hg. Sex-specific associations were seen for 3 SNPs in men (rs2468523 and rs2478544 at AGT and rs11658531 at ACE) and 1 SNP in women (rs12451328 at ACE). SNP-SNP interaction was suggested (P<0.005) for 14 SNP pairs, none of which had shown individual association with systolic blood pressure. Four SNP pairs were at the same gene (2 for REN, 1 for AGT, and 1 for AGTR1). The SNP rs3097 at CYP11B2 was represented in 5 separate pairs. CONCLUSIONS SNPs at key renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system genes associate with systolic blood pressure individually in both sexes, individually in one sex only and only when combined with another SNP. Analyses that incorporate sex-dependent and epistatic effects could reconcile past inconsistencies and account for some of the missing heritability of blood pressure and are generally relevant to SNP association studies for any phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina J Scurrah
- From the Department of Physiology (K.J.S., A.L., S.B.H.), Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (K.J.S.), and Department of Paediatrics (J.A.E.), The University of Melbourne, Australia; Genes, Environment & Complex Disease Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.A.E.); and Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia (J.A.E.)
| | - Angela Lamantia
- From the Department of Physiology (K.J.S., A.L., S.B.H.), Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (K.J.S.), and Department of Paediatrics (J.A.E.), The University of Melbourne, Australia; Genes, Environment & Complex Disease Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.A.E.); and Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia (J.A.E.)
| | - Justine A Ellis
- From the Department of Physiology (K.J.S., A.L., S.B.H.), Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (K.J.S.), and Department of Paediatrics (J.A.E.), The University of Melbourne, Australia; Genes, Environment & Complex Disease Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.A.E.); and Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia (J.A.E.)
| | - Stephen B Harrap
- From the Department of Physiology (K.J.S., A.L., S.B.H.), Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (K.J.S.), and Department of Paediatrics (J.A.E.), The University of Melbourne, Australia; Genes, Environment & Complex Disease Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.A.E.); and Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia (J.A.E.).
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Renin–angiotensin system gene polymorphisms as potential modifiers of hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy phenotypes. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 427:1-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2891-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Vergaro G, Fatini C, Sticchi E, Vassalle C, Gensini G, Ripoli A, Rossignol P, Passino C, Emdin M, Abbate R. Refractory hyperaldosteronism in heart failure is associated with plasma renin activity and angiotensinogen polymorphism. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2016; 16:416-22. [PMID: 25036270 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Refractory hyperaldosteronism is frequently observed in heart failure patients on up-to-date treatment, and holds prognostic value. Our aim was to identify which factors, either genetic or nongenetic, are associated with refractory hyperaldosteronism. METHODS We enrolled 109 consecutive patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 32 ± 10%; 86% males; age 65 ± 13 years (mean ± standard deviation)] on optimized adrenergic and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) antagonism, undergoing clinical and neuroendocrine characterization, and genotyping for six polymorphisms in key RAAS-regulating genes [angiotensinogen (AGT M235T), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE-240A>T and I/D), angiotensin II type I receptor (AGTR1 1166A>C), aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2-344C>T) and renin (REN rs7539596)]. RESULTS Patients with refractory hyperaldosteronism (n = 41, 38%, with plasma concentration >180 ng/l, URL, median 283 ng/l, interquartile range 218-433), when compared with those without (106 ng/l, 74-144; P < 0.001), were not different either for treatment or LVEF, while presented with different AGT M235T genotype distribution (P = 0.047). After adjustment for several humoral, instrumental, functional and therapeutical variables, only plasma renin activity (PRA) (P < 0.001) and potassium (P = 0.027) were independently associated with refractory hyperaldosteronism. Among polymorphisms, only AGT M235T (P = 0.038) was associated with refractory hyperaldosteronism, after adjustment for nongenetic variables. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, refractory hyperaldosteronism in heart failure may be influenced by AGT M235T polymorphism, among RAAS candidate genes, and by PRA, which may represent, respectively, a constitutive (genotype dependent) and a nongenetic (phenotype-dependent) trigger for aldosterone elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Vergaro
- aFondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa bDepartment of Medical and Surgical Critical Care, University of Florence cFondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Centro S.Maria degli Ulivi- IRCCS, Florence, Italy dINSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques- 9501, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France & Université de Lorraine, France & CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France & INSERM U1116, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France eScuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
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Guo M, Guo G, Ji X. Genetic polymorphisms associated with heart failure: A literature review. J Int Med Res 2016; 44:15-29. [PMID: 26769713 PMCID: PMC5536573 DOI: 10.1177/0300060515604755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To review possible associations reported between genetic variants and the risk, therapeutic response and prognosis of heart failure. Methods Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science and CNKI) were systematically searched for relevant papers, published between January 1995 and February 2015. Results Eighty-two articles covering 29 genes and 39 polymorphisms were identified. Conclusion Genetic association studies of heart failure have been highly controversial. There may be interaction or synergism of several genetic variants that together result in the ultimate pathological phenotype for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guanlun Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Automotive Components, School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Mokretar K, Velinov H, Postadzhiyan A, Apostolova M. Association of Polymorphisms in Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthesis and Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System with Developing of Coronary Artery Disease in Bulgarian Patients. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2015; 20:67-73. [PMID: 26670794 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of common polymorphisms in endothelial nitric oxide synthesis (eNOS; G894T) and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (angiotensin converting enzyme [ACE]-I/D, angiotensinogen-T704C, and angiotensin II receptor type 1-A1166C) as risk factors in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Bulgarian patients. METHODS This study included 171 patients with CAD and 123 control subjects. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used for studying the single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical software PASW for Windows. RESULTS A significantly higher percentage of the eNOS T894 allele was found in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), compared to controls (p = 0.006) and patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP, p = 0.005). Results from a binary regression analysis suggested that eNOS T allele and ACE D allele carriers were more likely to develop ACS than controls (T allele odds ratio [OR] 2.585, p = 0.024; D allele OR 3.585, p = 0.046) and patients with SAP (T allele OR 2.955, p = 0.009; D allele OR 2.703, p = 0.05). Exploratory evaluation of gene-gene combinations showed a significant association between eNOS-G894T/ACE-I/D and ACS compared to controls (p = 0.022) and patients with SAP (p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS The eNOS G894T and ACE I/D polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of developing ACS after adjusting for classical risk factors for atherosclerosis in the Bulgarian cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Mokretar
- 1 Medical and Biological Research Laboratory, Roumen Tzanev Institute of Molecular Biology , Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Hristo Velinov
- 1 Medical and Biological Research Laboratory, Roumen Tzanev Institute of Molecular Biology , Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Arman Postadzhiyan
- 2 University Hospital "St. Anna, " Clinic of Cardiology, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Margarita Apostolova
- 1 Medical and Biological Research Laboratory, Roumen Tzanev Institute of Molecular Biology , Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Li Q, Sun L, Du J, Ran P, Gao T, Yuan Y, Xiao C. Risk given by AGT polymorphisms in inducing susceptibility to essential hypertension among isolated populations from a remote region of China: A case-control study among the isolated populations. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2015; 16:1202-17. [PMID: 26391364 DOI: 10.1177/1470320315606315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension is a serious risk factor affecting up to 30% of the world's population with a heritability of more than 30-50%. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of the polymorphisms localized in the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene, a main component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, in inducing the susceptibility to essential hypertension (EH) among isolated populations (Yi and Hani minorities) with low prevalence rate from the remote region of Yunnan in China. METHODS A case-control association study was performed, and all subjects were genotyped for the seven single nucleotide polymorphisms localized in the AGT region by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS Three polymorphisms, i.e. rs5046, rs5049, and rs2478544, were significantly associated with EH among the Hani minority. The associations, found in the Yi minority, did not reach a conclusive level of statistical significance. The polymorphisms of rs2478544 and rs5046 caused the transformations of exonic splicing enhancer sites and transcription factor binding sites, respectively, in the bioinformatic analyses. The haplotype-rs5046T, rs5049A, rs11568020G, rs3789679C, rs2478544C was susceptible for EH among the Hani minority. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that the AGT polymorphisms have played a vital role in determining an individual's susceptibility to EH among the isolated population, which would be helpful for EH management in the remote mountainous region of Yunnan in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Du
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Pengzhan Ran
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Tangxin Gao
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuncang Yuan
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Chunjie Xiao
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Taylor MR, Sun AY, Davis G, Fiuzat M, Liggett SB, Bristow MR. Race, common genetic variation, and therapeutic response disparities in heart failure. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2014; 2:561-72. [PMID: 25443111 PMCID: PMC4302116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Because of its comparatively recent evolution, Homo sapiens exhibit relatively little within-species genomic diversity. However, because of genome size, a proportionately small amount of variation creates ample opportunities for both rare mutations that may cause disease as well as more common genetic variations that may be important in disease modification or pharmacogenetics. Primarily because of the East African origin of modern humans, individuals of African ancestry (AA) exhibit greater degrees of genetic diversity than more recently established populations, such as those of European ancestry (EA) or Asian ancestry. Those population effects extend to differences in frequency of common gene variants that may be important in heart failure natural history or therapy. For cell-signaling mechanisms important in heart failure, we review and present new data for genetic variation between AA and EA populations. Data indicate that: 1) neurohormonal signaling mechanisms frequently (16 of the 19 investigated polymorphisms) exhibit racial differences in the allele frequencies of variants comprising key constituents; 2) some of these differences in allele frequency may differentially affect the natural history of heart failure in AA compared with EA individuals; and 3) in many cases, these differences likely play a role in observed racial differences in drug or device response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew R Taylor
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Albert Y Sun
- Divisions of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Mona Fiuzat
- Divisions of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Stephen B Liggett
- Center for Personalized Medicine and Genomics, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Michael R Bristow
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute, Aurora, Colorado; ARCA biopharma, Westminster, Colorado.
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The angiotensinogen gene polymorphism is associated with heart failure among Asians. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4207. [PMID: 24572548 PMCID: PMC3936209 DOI: 10.1038/srep04207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The angiotensinogen (AGT) gene M235T polymorphism has been suggested to be linked to risk of heart failure (HF). However, association studies on the M235T polymorphism and HF risk have shown conflicting results. PubMed and China Biology Medicine (CBM) databases were systematically searched to identify relevant studies. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association. A total of 1,281 HF cases and 1,376 controls were included in the analysis. The pooled data showed that there was no significant associations between the AGT M235T polymorphism and HF risk for TT vs. MM (OR = 1.17, 95%CI = 0.62–2.19, P = 0.635), MT vs. MM (OR = 0.97, 95%CI = 0.77–1.22, P = 0.776), MT/TT vs. MM (OR = 1.07, 95%CI = 0.67–1.69, P = 0.781), and TT vs. MM/MT (OR = 1.23, 95%CI = 0.86–1.76, P = 0.259). In contrast, in the HF subgroup analysis by ethnicity, the AGT M235T polymorphism had a decreased risk of HF among Asians (MT vs. MM, OR = 0.39, 95%CI = 0.17–0.92, P = 0.032). Our results suggest that the AGT M235T polymorphism is a low-penetrant risk factor for the development of HF among Asians.
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de Albuquerque FN, Brandão AA, da Silva DA, Mourilhe-Rocha R, Duque GS, Gondar AFP, Neves LMDA, Bittencourt MI, Pozzan R, de Albuquerque DC. Angiotensin-converting enzyme genetic polymorphism: its impact on cardiac remodeling. Arq Bras Cardiol 2014; 102:70-9. [PMID: 24270863 PMCID: PMC3987401 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20130229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme genetic polymorphisms as a predictor of echocardiographic outcomes on heart failure is yet to be established. The local profile should be identified so that the impact of those genotypes on the Brazilian population could be identified. This is the first study on exclusively non-ischemic heart failure over a follow-up longer than 5 years. OBJECTIVE To determine the distribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme genetic polymorphism variants and their relation with echocardiographic outcome of patients with non-ischemic heart failure. METHODS Secondary analysis of the medical records of 111 patients and identification of the angiotensin-converting enzyme genetic polymorphism variants, classified as DD (Deletion/Deletion), DI (Deletion/Insertion) or II (Insertion/Insertion). RESULTS The cohort means were as follows: follow-up, 64.9 months; age, 59.5 years; male sex, 60.4%; white skin color, 51.4%; use of beta-blockers, 98.2%; and use of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blocker, 89.2%. The angiotensin-converting enzyme genetic polymorphism distribution was as follows: DD, 51.4%; DI, 44.1%; and II, 4.5%. No difference regarding the clinical characteristics or treatment was observed between the groups. The final left ventricular systolic diameter was the only isolated echocardiographic variable that significantly differed between the angiotensin-converting enzyme genetic polymorphisms: 59.2 ± 1.8 for DD versus 52.3 ± 1.9 for DI versus 59.2 ± 5.2 for II (p = 0.029). Considering the evolutionary behavior, all echocardiographic variables (difference between the left ventricular ejection fraction at the last and first consultation; difference between the left ventricular systolic diameter at the last and first consultation; and difference between the left ventricular diastolic diameter at the last and first consultation) differed between the genotypes (p = 0.024; p = 0.002; and p = 0.021, respectively). CONCLUSION The distribution of the angiotensin-converting enzyme genetic polymorphisms differed from that of other studies with a very small number of II. The DD genotype was independently associated with worse echocardiographic outcome, while the DI genotype, with the best echocardiographic profile (increased left ventricular ejection fraction and decreased left ventricular diameters).
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Neves de Albuquerque
- Disciplina de Cardiologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | - Andréa Araujo Brandão
- Disciplina de Cardiologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | - Dayse Aparecida da Silva
- Laboratório de Diagnósticos por DNA do instituto de Biologia Roberto
Alcantara Gomes da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | - Ricardo Mourilhe-Rocha
- Disciplina de Cardiologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | - Gustavo Salgado Duque
- Disciplina de Cardiologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | - Alyne Freitas Pereira Gondar
- Disciplina de Cardiologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | - Luiza Maceira de Almeida Neves
- Disciplina de Cardiologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | - Marcelo Imbroinise Bittencourt
- Disciplina de Cardiologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | - Roberto Pozzan
- Disciplina de Cardiologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | - Denilson Campos de Albuquerque
- Disciplina de Cardiologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
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Girolami JP, Blaes N, Bouby N, Alhenc-Gelas F. Genetic manipulation and genetic variation of the kallikrein-kinin system: impact on cardiovascular and renal diseases. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2014; 69:145-196. [PMID: 25130042 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06683-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetic manipulation of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) in mice, with either gain or loss of function, and study of human genetic variability in KKS components which has been well documented at the phenotypic and genomic level, have allowed recognizing the physiological role of KKS in health and in disease. This role has been especially documented in the cardiovascular system and the kidney. Kinins are produced at slow rate in most organs in resting condition and/or inactivated quickly. Yet the KKS is involved in arterial function and in renal tubular function. In several pathological situations, kinin production increases, kinin receptor synthesis is upregulated, and kinins play an important role, whether beneficial or detrimental, in disease outcome. In the setting of ischemic, diabetic or hemodynamic aggression, kinin release by tissue kallikrein protects against organ damage, through B2 and/or B1 bradykinin receptor activation, depending on organ and disease. This has been well documented for the ischemic or diabetic heart, kidney and skeletal muscle, where KKS activity reduces oxidative stress, limits necrosis or fibrosis and promotes angiogenesis. On the other hand, in some pathological situations where plasma prekallikrein is inappropriately activated, excess kinin release in local or systemic circulation is detrimental, through oedema or hypotension. Putative therapeutic application of these clinical and experimental findings through current pharmacological development is discussed in the chapter.
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Wang S, Zeng R, Lei L, Huang J. Angiotensinogen gene polymorphism and ischemic stroke in East Asians: A meta-analysis. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:1228-35. [PMID: 25206417 PMCID: PMC4107611 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.13.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between angiotensinogen gene M235T polymorphism and ischemic stroke in East Asians. Data Retrieval: A computer-based online search was conducted in PubMed, Google scholar, China National Knowledge lnfrastructure database between January 1990 and April 2012 for relevant studies. The key words were angiotensinogen or AGT, polymorphism or genetic and ischemic stroke or cerebral infarction. Selection Criteria: Case-controlled studies addressing the correlation between angiotensinogen gene M235T polymorphism and ischemic stroke in East Asians were included. The distribution of genotypes in the included studies was tested for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Quality evaluation of the included studies was conducted by two physicians. Statistical analyses were carried out using Stata 12.0 software for meta-analysis. Heterogeneity tests, sensitivity analysis and publication bias were also conducted. Main Outcome Measures: The association between angiotensinogen gene M235T polymorphism and ischemic stroke risk in East Asians was assessed. Results: Six relevant studies involving 891 patients with ischemic stroke and 727 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Results showed that there was a significant association between angiotensinogen gene M235T polymorphism and the risk of ischemic stroke in East Asians (T vs. M: odds ratio (OR) = 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10–2.16; TT vs. MM: OR = 2.24, 95%CI = 1.37–3.66; TT vs. MT: OR = 1.76, 95%CI = 1.41–2.20; MM + MT vs. TT: OR = 0.57, 95%CI = 0.46–0.70). Sensitivity analysis confirmed that the study results were stable and reliable, with no publication bias. Conclusion: The angiotensinogen gene M235T polymorphism is associated with ischemic stroke in East Asians, and the TT genotype and T allele are risk factors for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Limin Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
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Tian GX, Zeng XT, Wang XB, Zhang L, Zhang W, Wei WL. Association between the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene Glu298Asp polymorphism and coronary heart disease: a meta‑analysis of 39 case‑control studies. Mol Med Rep 2013; 7:1310-8. [PMID: 23443250 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have indicated that the human endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene Glu298Asp polymorphism is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) susceptibility, however, their conclusions are inconsistent. The present meta‑analysis aimed to evaluate the precise result by searching the PubMed database and using 39 case‑control studies comprising 7489 cases and 7051 controls.Each study tested the association between the eNOS Glu298Asp polymorphism and CHD. A meta‑analysis was then conducted using the Comprehensive Meta Analysis 2.2 software to calculate the pooled odds ratios (ORs) of five genetic models with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Publication bias was also explored. The meta‑analysis showed a significant association between the eNOS Glu298Asp polymorphism and CHD susceptibility for all the genetic models [Asp vs. Glu, OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.14‑1.40, P<0.001; Asp/Asp vs. Glu/Glu, OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.23‑2.02, P<0.001; Glu/Asp vs. Glu/Glu, OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03‑1.22, P=0.001; (Glu/Asp+Asp/Asp) vs. Glu/Glu, OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07‑1.27, P<0.001; Asp/Asp vs. (Glu/Glu+Glu/Asp), OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.25‑2.03, P<0.001]. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses indicated that the result was robust. A weak publication bias was detected. The results indicated that the eNOS Glu298Asp polymorphism is a risk factor for developing CHD, particularly in the Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xiang Tian
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing 100125, P.R. China
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Chen S, Zhang L, Wang HW, Wang XY, Li XQ, Zhang LL. The M235T polymorphism in the angiotensinogen gene and heart failure: a meta-analysis. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2012; 15:190-5. [PMID: 23154270 DOI: 10.1177/1470320312465455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to assess the association between M235T polymorphism and heart failure using a meta-analysis. METHODS A literature search of Google Scholar, PubMed, the Cochrane Library and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database (January 1990-April 2012) was performed for relevant studies. Statistical analyses were carried out using the Stata 12.0 to combine all the relevant studies. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated in a fixed-effects model and a random-effects model when appropriate. The pooled ORs were performed under the allelic contrast (T vs M), the dominant (TT + MT vs. MM) and the recessive models (TT vs MT + MM). Begg's test was used to measure publication bias. RESULTS A total of six case-control studies including 842 patients and 1054 controls were enrolled in this meta-analysis. Overall, there was a significant association between angiotensinogen (AGT) gene M235T polymorphism and risk of heart failure in the subgroup analysis under the allelic contrast (T vs M: OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.04-2.11) and the dominant model (TT+MT vs MM: OR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.13-2.46) in the Caucasian population. CONCLUSIONS The current meta-analysis suggests that M235T polymorphism might be associated with increased risk of heart failure in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Emergency Department, Red Cross Center Hospital of Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Xue-Qi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
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Weiss J, Fränkl SA, Flammer J, Grieshaber MC, Hollo G, Teuchner B, Haefeli WE. No difference in genotype frequencies of polymorphisms of the nitric oxide pathway between Caucasian normal and high tension glaucoma patients. Mol Vis 2012; 18:2174-81. [PMID: 22919264 PMCID: PMC3425578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Substantial evidence suggests that ocular perfusion is regulated by nitric oxide (NO), and polymorphisms in genes encoding for enzymes involved in NO formation and degradation (endothelial nitric oxide synthase [NOS3] and cytochrome b-235 alpha polypeptide gene [CYBA]) might contribute to vascular dysregulation observed in glaucoma. We therefore assessed the association of glaucoma with polymorphisms of NOS3 and CYBA previously associated with cardiovascular disease. We also compared the distribution of these polymorphisms in patients with high tension glaucoma (HTG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and evaluated its association with vascular dysregulation in a subset of glaucoma patients. METHODS Three hundred Caucasian patients with HTG and 127 with NTG were enrolled in the study and genotyped for G894T (rs1799983) and T-786C (rs2070744) in NOS3 and C242T (rs4673) in CYBA. RESULTS None of these polymorphisms had a different allele or genotype distribution between HTG and NTG patients nor had the presence of vasospasms any impact. CONCLUSIONS We studied the frequencies of a set of relevant polymorphisms of the NO system in a large cohort of glaucoma patients and found no association. These results therefore suggest the absence of a relevant relationship with different glaucoma forms in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Weiss
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Josef Flammer
- Eye Clinic of the University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Gabor Hollo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Teuchner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Walter Emil Haefeli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Martinelli NC, Santos KG, Biolo A, La Porta VL, Cohen CR, Silvello D, Andrades ME, Clausell N, Rohde LE. Polymorphisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene in systolic heart failure: An haplotype analysis. Nitric Oxide 2012; 26:141-7. [PMID: 22290017 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Park HK, Kim MC, Kim SM, Jo DJ. Assessment of two missense polymorphisms (rs4762 and rs699) of the angiotensinogen gene and stroke. Exp Ther Med 2012; 5:343-349. [PMID: 23251296 PMCID: PMC3524280 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system has an important role in the pathogenesis of stroke. We investigated whether two missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs4762, Thr207Met, T207M; and rs699, Met268Thr, M268T) of angiotensinogen (AGT; serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) are associated with the development and clinical phenotypes of ischemic stroke (IS) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We analyzed 197 stroke patients (120 IS and 77 ICH) and 301 control subjects. The patients were classified into subgroups in accordance to the scores of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Survey (NIHSS, <6 and ≥6) and Modified Barthel Index (MBI, <60 and ≥60). Multiple logistic regression models were used to analyze the genotype and allele distributions of each SNP. One of the missense SNPs, rs4762 (T207M) was associated with the development of ICH (P=0.038 in log-additive model and P=0.021 in allele distributions). The T allele frequency of T207M was higher in the ICH group (16.2%) compared with the control group (9.6%). The TC haplotype frequency differed significantly between the ICH and control groups (P=0.014). With regard to clinical features, T207M correlated with the NIHSS scores of the ICH patients (P=0.039 in codominant1, P=0.015 in dominant, P=0.011 in overdominant and P=0.039 in log-additive models). However, the two missense SNPs, rs4762 and rs699, were not associated with IS and its clinical features, including NIHSS and MBI scores. These data suggest that a missense SNP (rs4762, T207M) of the AGT gene may be associated with the development of ICH and contribute to the neurological functional levels of ICH patients.
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Bai Y, Wang L, Hu S, Wei Y. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D polymorphism with heart failure: a meta-analysis. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 361:297-304. [PMID: 22015653 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome and is thought to have a genetic basis. Numerous case-control studies have investigated the association between heart failure and polymorphisms in candidate genes. Most studies focused on the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) polymorphism, however, the results were inconsistent because of small studies and heterogeneous samples. The objective was to assess the association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and HF. We performed a meta-analysis of all case-control studies that evaluated the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and HF in humans. Studies were identified in the PUBMED and EMBASE databases, reviews, and reference lists of relevant articles. Two reviewers independently assessed the studies. Seventeen case-control studies with a total of 5576 participants were included in the meta-analysis, including 2453 cases with HF and 3123 controls. The heterogeneity between studies was significant. No association was found under all the four genetic models (D vs. I, DD vs. ID and II, DD and ID vs. II, DD vs. ID). Subgroup analyses for ischemic HF (IHF) and HF because of dilated cardiomyopathy (DHF) also showed no significant association between ACE I/D polymorphism and HF. No significant association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and risk of HF was found in this meta-analysis. The future studies should focus on large-scale prospective and case-control studies which designed to investigate gene-gene and gene-environment interactions to shed light on the genetics of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital & Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Alves AJ, Eynon N, Oliveira J, Goldhammer E. RAAS and adrenergic genes in heart failure: Function, predisposition and survival implications. World J Cardiol 2010; 2:187-97. [PMID: 21160750 PMCID: PMC2998917 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v2.i7.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well appreciated that several neurohormones and signaling cascades are activated that promote long-term deterioration of cardiac function and structure. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and the adrenergic system is closely related to heart failure. Common gene variants that encode neurohormonal, adrenergic and intracellular proteins have been demonstrated to modulate the course and consequences of heart failure. However, the literature is replete with conflicting results and it remains uncertain as to whether particular gene variants predispose heart failure. Therefore, the main purpose of this review was to discuss the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are located in genes encoding elements of the RAAS and the adrenergic system on the predisposition to and survival from heart failure. Most studies indicate that common SNPs encoding elements of the RAAS and the adrenergic system do not predispose individuals to heart failure. Conversely, it has been demonstrated that ARB1 Arg389Gly, GRK5 Gln41Leu, ACE I/D, CYP11B2 C-344T and AGTR1 A+1166C modulate pharmacological responses and have a considerable impact on cardiac-related survival. It should not be expected, however, that a single polymorphism determines survival, given that multiple gene products and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure. Therefore, future studies should consider the interaction effects of multiple genes in populations that are as homogeneous as possible with respect to environmental characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J Alves
- Alberto J Alves, José Oliveira, The Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto, Faculty of Sport, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Recipient Genotype Is a Predictor of Allograft Cytokine Expression and Outcomes After Pediatric Cardiac Transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53:1909-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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An alternative method for genotyping of the ACE I/D polymorphism. Mol Biol Rep 2008; 36:1305-10. [PMID: 18622756 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-008-9313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The mistyping of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) has been well documented, and new methods have been suggested here to improve the genotyping efficiency. Buccal cell samples were collected from 157 young Caucasians, and genotyped using previously known and newly developed PCR amplification genotyping techniques, as well as PCR-RFLP tests for three single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs4327, rs4341 and rs4343). Inconsistent genotyping results were found when using only the PCR amplification genotyping techniques across repeated attempts (8% to 45%), however, individual SNP genotyping was highly consistent (100%). Two SNPs (rs4341 and rs4343) were in complete LD and SNP rs4327 was in high LD with the ACE I/D. The ACE I/D was in HW equilibrium in the portion of the population with consistent genotyping results, whereas the three SNPs were not in HW equilibrium. The mistyping of ACE I/D by only PCR amplification can be improved using alternative methods.
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