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Bishnoi A, Parsad D. Phototherapy for vitiligo: A narrative review on the clinical and molecular aspects, and recent literature. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2024; 40:e12968. [PMID: 38632705 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is characterized by depigmented patches resulting from loss of melanocytes. Phototherapy has emerged as a prominent treatment option for vitiligo, utilizing various light modalities to induce disease stability and repigmentation. AIMS AND METHODS This narrative review aims to explore the clinical applications and molecular mechanisms of phototherapy in vitiligo. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The review evaluates existing literature on phototherapy for vitiligo, analyzing studies on hospital-based and home-based phototherapy, as well as outcomes related to stabilization and repigmentation. Narrowband ultra-violet B, that is, NBUVB remains the most commonly employed, studied and effective phototherapy modality for vitiligo. Special attention is given to assessing different types of lamps, dosimetry, published guidelines, and the utilization of targeted phototherapy modalities. Additionally, the integration of phototherapy with other treatment modalities, including its use as a depigmenting therapy in generalized/universal vitiligo, is discussed. Screening for anti-nuclear antibodies and tailoring approaches for non-photo-adapters are also examined. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview of phototherapy for vitiligo treatment. It underscores the evolving landscape of phototherapy and offers insights into optimizing therapeutic outcomes and addressing the challenges ahead. By integrating clinical evidence with molecular understanding, phototherapy emerges as a valuable therapeutic option for managing vitiligo, with potential for further advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Bishnoi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Davinder Parsad
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Liu X, Chen H, Li Z, Duan L, Yang X, Jiang P, Xu L, Gong Y, Han K. Evaluation of Biological Effects and Transcriptome Changes Induced by LED Based Narrow Band UVB Phototherapy. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 98:1379-1389. [PMID: 35538716 DOI: 10.1111/php.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV), particularly UVB, is widely used in the treatment of skin diseases including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, mycosis fungoides, and pruritus. Recently, there has been a trend of replacing broad band UVB (BB-UVB) units with narrow band UVB (NB-UVB), as studies have demonstrated that NB-UVB is more efficacious in the treatment of psoriasis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the biological effects and transcriptome changes induced by light emitting diode based NB-UVB (NB-UVB LED) phototherapy. Cell viability and the cell migration ability was significantly decreased post treatment, as well as apoptosis and ROS levels were remarkably increased. NB-UVB induced S phase arrest was observed 12 hours post irradiation. Bioinformatics analysis of transcriptome sequencing data revealed that NB-UVB LED irradiation induced dose-depended changes in multiple key signaling pathways, such as PI3K and cytoskeletal-related pathways. The depolymerization of cytoskeleton induced by NB-UVB was observed 24 hours post treatment. In addition, the expression levels of cytoskeleton related proteins FN1, ITGB4, ITGA1, RAC2 and DOCK1 decreased significantly 12 hours after irradiation. Our results indicated that NB-UVB LED may serve as a novel option for the development of NB-UVB phototherapy devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, P. R. China
| | - Huaiyuan Chen
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, P. R. China
| | - Zeyang Li
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Duan
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Xibin Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, P. R. China
| | - Ping Jiang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, P. R. China
| | - Linyu Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, P. R. China
| | - Yan Gong
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, P. R. China
| | - Kun Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, P. R. China
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Chaiyabutr C, Wongpraparut C, Charoenpipatsin N, Pruksaeakanan C, Silpa-Archa N. The necessity of antinuclear antibody investigation in pre-phototherapy vitiligo patients: A retrospective study. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2020; 36:373-377. [PMID: 32274836 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Narrowband UVB (NBUVB) phototherapy is the cornerstone treatment for vitiligo. Before its initiation, some experts recommend antinuclear antibody (ANA) screening out of concern for either photosensitivity to NBUVB or autoimmune disease exacerbation during treatment. As vitiligo is considered an autoimmune disorder, ANAs can be positively found in the disease without any clinical importance. The necessity for ANA investigations for pre-phototherapy vitiligo patients is therefore questioned. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study to investigate vitiligo patients who had been checked for ANA before commencing NBUVB phototherapy. Demographic data-including vitiligo type and age of onset-were collected. Samples of ANA, anti-thyroglobulin, and anti-thyroid peroxidase were obtained. The phototherapy treatment protocol and cutaneous reactions to the phototherapy were also recorded. RESULTS Among 85 Thai vitiligo patients, the ANA prevalence was 35.3%. The speckled ANA pattern was the most common, and the large majority of patients (80%) had a titer of ≤1:100. Factors associated with positive ANA were female gender and positive anti-thyroglobulin. There were no statistical differences between the phototoxic reactions or phototoxic doses of NBUVB of the ANA-positive vitiligo and ANA-negative vitiligo groups. No cases of SLE were detected in ANA-positive group. CONCLUSIONS ANA positivity was not correlated with the incidence or dose of phototoxic reaction in phototherapy treated vitiligo, and it may not a predictive factor for SLE diagnosis in vitiligo. ANA might therefore not need to be routinely checked in pre-phototherapy in vitiligo, unless there are clinical suspicions of an autoimmune disease. However, ANA might be involved in part of the cutaneous photoadaptation response to phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayada Chaiyabutr
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanisada Wongpraparut
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Norramon Charoenpipatsin
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutipon Pruksaeakanan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narumol Silpa-Archa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Arisi M, Rossi MT, Fusano M, Gualini A, Tomasi C, Moggio E, Caravello S, Calzavara-Pinton P, Venturini M. Clinical and Spectrophotometric Evaluation of Skin Photoadaptation in Vitiligo Patients after a Short Cycle of NB-UVB Phototherapy. Dermatology 2019; 235:509-515. [PMID: 31586997 DOI: 10.1159/000502853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phenomenon of photoadaptation to narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) radiation has been previously described in vitiligo and has usually been clinically measured by the assessment of the minimal erythema dose (MED) after phototesting. OBJECTIVES To assess the photoadaptive response in vitiligo and healthy skin after NB-UVB phototherapy not only clinically, but also by spectrophotometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen patients affected by generalized vitiligo underwent NB-UVB phototherapy twice weekly for 12 weeks. Before and after phototherapy, a phototesting procedure was administered on vitiligo patches and adjacent healthy skin with a solar simulated radiation (SSR). Visual assessment of the MED took place after 24 h. A spectrophotometer was used to assess the a* value and the melanin index (MI*), as signs of skin erythema and pigmentation. The photoadaptation factor (MED-PF) and the a* photoadaptation factor (a*-PF) were calculated. RESULTS After NB-UVB phototherapy, both vitiligo and healthy skin showed an increase in MED and MI* values and a reduction of skin erythema compared to baseline (p < 0.05). MED-PF data showed a photoadaptation in 10 (71.4%) vitiligo lesions and in 12 (85.7%) healthy skin areas. The assessment of the a*-PF showed a negative mean percentage value in all affected and unaffected skin areas. CONCLUSIONS A short cycle of NB-UVB phototherapy can induce photoadaptation in vitiligo by increasing the MED and reducing skin erythema after stimulation with SSR. This is most likely due to the physical filter function induced by ultraviolet radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Arisi
- Dermatology Department, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy,
| | - Maria Teresa Rossi
- Dermatology Department, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marta Fusano
- Dermatology Department, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gualini
- Dermatology Department, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cesare Tomasi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Erica Moggio
- Dermatology Department, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Simone Caravello
- Dermatology Department, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Marina Venturini
- Dermatology Department, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Mehta C, Mohammad T, Mehta D, Griffith J, Nicholson C, Hamzavi I. Effect of combination NSAID and NBUVB treatment in non-photoadapters-A pilot study. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2019; 35:318-321. [PMID: 31004553 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is a disorder of dyspigmentation that can impact quality of life. While narrow-band ultraviolet B (NBUVB) is an effective treatment for vitiligo, a subset of patients are unable to respond to phototherapy as they cannot photoadapt. However, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to increase the minimal erythema dose. PURPOSE To determine whether ibuprofen allows non-photoadapters to respond to therapeutic doses of NBUVB and maintain photoadaptation. METHOD Four patients unable to tolerate NBUVB or excimer past a dose of 1000 mJ/cm2 were enrolled in the study and given ibuprofen 400 mg prior to phototherapy, which was performed 2-3 times a week. Patients were followed up to 72 treatments to demonstrate photoadaptation and maintenance of response to phototherapy. Patients were clinically monitored by serial photographs approximately every 12 treatments. Response to phototherapy was monitored by tracking the dose of NBUVB received at each session. Maintenance of response was monitored for six treatments after discontinuing the ibuprofen. Percent change in pigmentation was also recorded. RESULTS Three out of four subjects enrolled in the study were able to increase their doses of phototherapy to a therapeutic range, and subjects continued to photoadapt for six treatments after discontinuing ibuprofen. Two subjects achieved repigmentation during their course of phototherapy. CONCLUSION Ibuprofen may be a safe alternative to corticosteroids for select patients with vitiligo that are unable to photoadapt. It appears that the ability to photoadapt continues once ibuprofen is discontinued, negating the need for chronic use. Enabling photoadaptation allows patients to achieve therapeutic doses of NBUVB phototherapy, leading to repigmentation and improved outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered through Henry Ford Hospital IRB-No. 9744.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan Mehta
- College of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tasneem Mohammad
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Dhwani Mehta
- Dermatology Group of the Carolinas, Concord, North Carolina
| | - James Griffith
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Cynthia Nicholson
- Department of Dermatology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Iltefat Hamzavi
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
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Mohammad TF, Silpa-Archa N, Griffith JL, Lim HW, Hamzavi IH. Home phototherapy in vitiligo. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Narumol Silpa-Archa
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Henry W. Lim
- Department of Dermatology; Henry Ford Hospital; Detroit MI USA
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8
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Kohli I, Shafi R, Isedeh P, Griffith JL, Al-Jamal MS, Silpa-Archa N, Jackson B, Athar M, Kollias N, Elmets CA, Lim HW, Hamzavi IH. The impact of oral Polypodium leucotomos extract on ultraviolet B response: A human clinical study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 77:33-41.e1. [PMID: 28341348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a rationale for adding systemic photoprotective agents to the current photoprotection regimen. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to objectively evaluate the molecular and photobiologic effects of oral administration of Polypodium leucotomos extract (PLE). METHODS In all, 22 subjects with Fitzpatrick skin phototype I to III were enrolled. On day 1, subjects were irradiated with visible light, ultraviolet (UV) A1, and UVB (using 308-nm excimer laser). Evaluation was done immediately and 24 hours after irradiation. On days 3 and 4, irradiation and evaluation process was repeated after ingestion of PLE. RESULTS Clinical assessments and colorimetry data showed a decrease in UVB-induced changes in 17 of 22 subjects post-PLE administration; histology findings demonstrated such a decrease in all 22 subjects. LIMITATIONS Only 2 doses of PLE were given. Furthermore, subjects with skin phototypes I to III only were studied. CONCLUSION The results suggest that PLE can potentially be used as an adjunctive agent to lessen the negative photobiologic effects of UVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indermeet Kohli
- Multicultural Dermatology Center, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Rubina Shafi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Prescilia Isedeh
- Multicultural Dermatology Center, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - James L Griffith
- Multicultural Dermatology Center, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Mohammed S Al-Jamal
- Multicultural Dermatology Center, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Narumol Silpa-Archa
- Multicultural Dermatology Center, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Bradford Jackson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mohammed Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Craig A Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Henry W Lim
- Multicultural Dermatology Center, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Iltefat H Hamzavi
- Multicultural Dermatology Center, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.
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Mohammad TF, Al-Jamal M, Hamzavi IH, Harris JE, Leone G, Cabrera R, Lim HW, Pandya AG, Esmat SM. The Vitiligo Working Group recommendations for narrowband ultraviolet B light phototherapy treatment of vitiligo. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 76:879-888. [PMID: 28216034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of vitiligo with narrowband ultraviolet B light (NBUVB) is an important component of the current standard of care. However, there are no consistent guidelines regarding the dosing and administration of NBUVB in vitiligo, reflected by varied treatment practices around the world. OBJECTIVE To create phototherapy recommendations to facilitate clinical management and identify areas requiring future research. METHODS The Vitiligo Working Group (VWG) Phototherapy Committee addressed 19 questions regarding the administration of phototherapy over 3 conference calls. Members of the Photomedicine Society and a group of phototherapy experts were surveyed regarding their phototherapy practices. RESULTS Based on comparison and analysis of survey results, expert opinion, and discussion held during conference calls, expert recommendations for the administration of NBUVB phototherapy in vitiligo were created. LIMITATIONS There were several areas that required further research before final recommendations could be made. In addition, no standardized methodology was used during literature review and to assess the strength of evidence during the development of these recommendations. CONCLUSION This set of expert recommendations by the VWG is based on the prescribing practices of phototherapy experts from around the world to create a unified, broadly applicable set of recommendations on the use of NBUVB in vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Al-Jamal
- Department of Dermatology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - John E Harris
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Giovanni Leone
- Department of Dermatology, The San Gallicano Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Raúl Cabrera
- Department of Dermatology, The Clinica Alemana de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Amit G Pandya
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Samia M Esmat
- Department of Dermatology, Cairo University, Kasr Al Aini Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
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Madigan LM, Al-Jamal M, Hamzavi I. Exploring the gaps in the evidence-based application of narrowband UVB for the treatment of vitiligo. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2016; 32:66-80. [DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iltefat Hamzavi
- Department of Dermatology; Henry Ford Hospital; Detroit MI USA
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11
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Gangopadhyay A, Das JK, Agarwal AK. Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Patient with Vitiligo of Photo-covered Skin. Indian J Dermatol 2014; 59:193-4. [PMID: 24700942 PMCID: PMC3969683 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.127685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation is an important risk factor for the development of skin cancers. Melanin is known to protect the skin against harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. Hence, vitiligo patients are at higher risk of developing such malignancies. But few reports of occurrence of skin cancers in vitiligo lesions suggest that their occurrence in vitiligo is rare. There are reports of development of Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in vitiligo lesions, following long-term Psoralen and Ultraviolet-A (PUVA) therapy. But there are no reports of occurrence of SCC in a vitiligo patch located in photo-covered area. We describe a patient with SCC in a vitiligo patch present in photo-covered skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asok Gangopadhyay
- Department of Dermatology, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Jayanta Kumar Das
- Department of Dermatology, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Amit Kumar Agarwal
- Department of Dermatology, Anandloke Hospital and Neurosciences Centre, Siliguri, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
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Darné S, Stewart L, Farr P, Hampton P. Investigation of cutaneous photoadaptation to narrowband ultraviolet B. Br J Dermatol 2014; 170:392-7. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Darné
- Royal Victoria Infirmary Newcastle upon Tyne U.K
| | - L.C. Stewart
- Royal Victoria Infirmary Newcastle upon Tyne U.K
| | - P.M. Farr
- Royal Victoria Infirmary Newcastle upon Tyne U.K
| | - P.J. Hampton
- Royal Victoria Infirmary Newcastle upon Tyne U.K
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Briganti S, Caron-Schreinemachers AL, Picardo M, Westerhof W. Anti-oxidant defence mechanism in vitiliginous skin increases with skin type. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 26:1212-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Syed ZU, Hamzavi IH. Photomedicine and phototherapy considerations for patients with skin of color. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2011; 27:10-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2010.00554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mitchell D, Brooks B. Antibodies and DNA Photoproducts: Applications, Milestones and Reference Guide. Photochem Photobiol 2010; 86:2-17. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00673.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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