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Chambers DB, Ghosh S, Taher MS, Salopek TG. Incidence of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers in Alberta, Canada, From 2007 to 2018. J Cutan Med Surg 2024; 28:238-247. [PMID: 38374688 DOI: 10.1177/12034754241232677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common malignancy affecting Caucasian populations and has been seeing steady increases in incidence globally for decades. Our previous study (from Alberta, Canada) had shown a plateau in the incidence rates for NMSC. This contrasts with data from other regions within Canada and throughout the world that indicated a continued increase in incidence rates of NMSCs. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to provide an update on the trends in incidence of NMSC in Alberta, Canada, from 2007 to 2018. METHODS A retrospective analysis of patients from Alberta diagnosed with NMSC from 2007 to 2018 inclusive was conducted with data retrieved from Alberta Cancer Registry. Sex-, age-, anatomical location-, NMSC subtype-, stage-specific incidence rates and trends were examined. RESULTS From 2007 to 2018, overall incidence rates of NMSC increased by 36%. Invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and in situ SCC demonstrated the most significant increase, invasive SCC [annual percentage change (APC) 3.48, P = .014] and in situ SCC (APC 5.61, P = .0001). In addition, we were able to determine that females had the most significant increases in NMSC incidence rates from 2007 to 2018 particularly invasive SCC (APC 3.03, P = <.0001) and in situ SCC (APC 5.08, P = <.0001). CONCLUSIONS After initial levelling of NMSC incidence in Alberta in the early part of 21st century, the incidence of NMSC continues to increase over the past decade. The reasons for this change are not clear and likely multifactorial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Chambers
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Muba S Taher
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Thomas G Salopek
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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2
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Diamantopoulou S, Yapijakis C, Papakosta V, Ebeling M, Lazaris AC, Derka S, Vylliotis A, Diamantopoulos P, Vairaktari G, Vassiliou S. EGFR and HER-2 oncogenes expression in an experimental model of two-stage chemically induced carcinogenesis in mouse skin. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2024; 52:413-419. [PMID: 38443188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of EGFR and HER-2 oncogenes using an experimental two stage chemically induced carcinogenesis protocol on the dorsal skin in FVB/N mice. Forty female FVB/N mice 4 weeks old, were grouped into one control (n = 8) and two experimental groups (Group A: n = 16, Group B: n = 16) following a randomization process. Two-stage carcinogenesis protocol, was implicated, including an initial treatment with 97.4 nmol DMBA on their shaved dorsal skin and subsequent treatments of 32.4 nmol TPA applications after 13 weeks for Group A and after 20 weeks for Group B. The control group C, received no treatment. Skin was examined weekly for tumor development. Post-experiment, animals were euthanized for tissue analysis. The histological status of the skin lesions in the experimental groups corresponded well with tumour advancement (from dysplasia to poorly-differentiated carcinoma). Tumour sections were evaluated histologically and immunohistochemically. EGFR expression was found significantly higher in precancerous and malignant tumours (p = 042 and p = 008 respectively), while tended to be higher in benign tumours (p = 079), compared to normal histology. Moreover, mean percentage of EGFR positive expression in malignant tumours was significantly higher than in benign tumours (p < 001). HER-2 expression was found significantly higher in precancerous and malignant tumours (p = 042 and p = 015 respectively), while tended to be higher in benign tumours (p = 085), compared to normal histology. Furthermore, mean percentage of HER-2 positive expression in malignant tumours was significantly higher than in benign tumours (p = 005). The study demonstrated that in FVB/N mice subjected to a two-stage chemically induced carcinogenesis protocol, there was a significant increase in the expression of EGFR and HER-2 oncogenes in precancerous and malignant skin lesions compared to normal tissue. This suggests a potentially early role of these oncogenes in the progression of skin tumours in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Diamantopoulou
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Evaggelismos General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Christos Yapijakis
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Veronica Papakosta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marcel Ebeling
- Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Military Hospital Ulm, Academic Hospital of the University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081, Ulm, Germany; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas C Lazaris
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridoula Derka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Vylliotis
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Diagnostic and Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, BiocLab, Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis Diamantopoulos
- Department of Plastic Surgery, St. Savvas Anticancer- Oncologic Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Vairaktari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Vassiliou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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3
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Verdaguer-Faja J, Toll A, Boada A, Guerra-Amor Á, Ferrándiz-Pulido C, Jaka A. Management of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Scalp: The Role of Imaging and Therapeutic Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:664. [PMID: 38339415 PMCID: PMC10854799 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common subtype of skin cancer. The scalp is one of the most frequently affected locations and is associated with a higher rate of complications, compared to other locations. In addition, it has a characteristic thickness and anatomical structure that may influence both growth pattern and treatment of primary cSCC; while clinical peripheral margins may be easily achieved during the surgery, vertical excision of the tumor is limited by the skull. Despite having a unique anatomy, current guidelines do not contemplate specific recommendations for scalp cSCC, which leads to inconsistent decision-making in multidisciplinary committees when discussing tumors with high risk factors or with close margins. This article provides specific recommendations for the management of patients with scalp cSCC, based on current evidence, as well as those aspects in which evidence is lacking, pointing out possible future lines of research. Topics addressed include epidemiology, clinical presentation and diagnosis, imaging techniques, surgical and radiation treatments, systemic therapy for advanced cases, and follow-up. The primary focus of this review is on management of primary cSCC of the scalp with localized disease, although where relevant, some points about recurrent cSCCs or advanced disease cases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Verdaguer-Faja
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.V.-F.); (A.B.)
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustí Toll
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Aram Boada
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.V.-F.); (A.B.)
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Guerra-Amor
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Carla Ferrándiz-Pulido
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Ane Jaka
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.V.-F.); (A.B.)
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Shoimer I, Kleiner O, Manion R, Dutz J, Philip A, Chan AW. Top 10 research priorities for basal cell carcinoma: results of the Skin Investigation Network of Canada Priority Setting Initiative. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:276-277. [PMID: 38184850 PMCID: PMC10805524 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The Skin Investigation Network of Canada (SkIN Canada) completed a national priority setting initiative to identify the top 10 knowledge uncertainties for BCC based on the James Lind Alliance principles. Overall, 91 patients, clinicians and researchers provided input in two survey rounds and one workshop. The top 10 list of research priorities will help the skin research community, funders and policymakers to address key knowledge uncertainties for the benefit of patients with BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Shoimer
- University of Calgary, Division of Dermatology, Calgary, AB
| | - Omer Kleiner
- Skin Investigation Network of Canada (SkIN Canada), Toronto, ON
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON
| | - Rachael Manion
- Skin Investigation Network of Canada (SkIN Canada), Toronto, ON
- Canadian Skin Patient Alliance, Ottawa, ON
| | - Jan Dutz
- Skin Investigation Network of Canada (SkIN Canada), Toronto, ON
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, BC Children’s Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC
| | - Anie Philip
- Skin Investigation Network of Canada (SkIN Canada), Toronto, ON
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC
- Divisions of Plastic Surgery, Dermatology, and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC
| | - An-Wen Chan
- Skin Investigation Network of Canada (SkIN Canada), Toronto, ON
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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5
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Brewer CF, Chawla R, Patel AJK. Galea vs periosteum: impact of excision depth on outcomes for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the scalp. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2023; 57:253-256. [PMID: 35412400 DOI: 10.1080/2000656x.2022.2060993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer, with local recurrence rates of up to 10% in the scalp. To date there have been no direct comparisons of recurrence rates or deep margin involvement for surgical excision to different anatomical layers of the scalp. A multi-centre retrospective study of all cSCC excised from the scalp from 2015 to 2020 was conducted. Two hundred and seventy nine patients (17-female, 262-male) met the inclusion criteria (median age 82.2 years), incorporating a total of 302 cSCC's. Primary excision depth was galea in 80 cases and periosteum in 222 (26.5% and 73.5% respectively). A significantly greater proportion of lesions excised to galea had involved or close (<1mm) deep margins (n = 27, 33.8% galea vs n = 50, 22.5% periosteum, OR 2.74 [95% CI 1.38-5.45], p = .004). Local recurrence rates were also significantly higher for lesions excised to galea vs periosteum (n = 13, 16.3% vs n = 18, 8.1% respectively, p = .039), although this trend was lost after adjusting for deep margin status. To our knowledge, this study is the first to compare local recurrence rates and margin involvement for cSCC of the scalp excised to different depths. Our findings demonstrate a higher incidence of involved/close deep margins for lesions excised to galea, imposing a higher treatment burden and risk of recurrence for these patients. We therefore advocate including galea in surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Brewer
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Reema Chawla
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Animesh J K Patel
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Tan B, Seth I, Fischer O, Hewitt L, Melville G, Bulloch G, Ashford B. Sex Disparity for Patients with Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235830. [PMID: 36497312 PMCID: PMC9740937 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (HNcSCC) is unevenly distributed between men and women. At present, the mechanism behind this disparity remains elusive. This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of proportions to investigate the disparity between sexes for patients with HNcSCC. PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Emcare and CINAHL were searched in November 2021 and June 2022 (N > 50, English, human), and studies which examined the association between sex and HNcSCC were included. Analysis was conducted using RStudio with data and forest plots displaying males as a proportion of total patients with HNcSCC. Two independent researchers performed study selection, data extraction, data analysis and risk of bias. Eighty-two studies (1948 to 2018) comprising approximately 186,000 participants (67% male, 33% female) from 29 countries were included. Significantly more males had HNcSCC overall (71%; CI: 67−74). Males were also significantly more affected by cSCC of the ear (92%; CI: 89−94), lip (74%; CI: 66−81), and eyelid (56%; CI: 51−62). This study found HNcSCC disproportionately affected males overall and across all subtypes. Improving our understanding of sex-specific mechanisms in HNcSCC will better inform our preventive, therapeutic and prognostic practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Tan
- Research Central, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Ishith Seth
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Olivia Fischer
- Research Central, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Lyndel Hewitt
- Research Central, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-02-42534801
| | - Geoffrey Melville
- Research Central, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Gabriella Bulloch
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Bruce Ashford
- Research Central, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, 119-143 Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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Zhang L, Ni R, Li J, Fan L, Song Y, Wang H, Wang A, Liu B. Dioscin Regulating Bone Marrow Apoptosis in Aplastic Anemia. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:3041-3053. [PMID: 36105320 PMCID: PMC9467696 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s370506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aplastic anemia (AA), a disease of bone marrow failure, is caused by CD8+T mediated apoptosis of hematopoietic cells. However, traditional immunosuppressive therapy (IST) has severe liver and kidney toxicity and even cannot achieve the expected therapeutic effect in some patients. Purpose Our study is aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of dioscin (DNS) for treating AA. Methods Briefly, we established and evaluated the AA mouse model, DNS and positive control drugs were used for intervention treatment. After 14 days of intervention, femoral bone marrow pathology, bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) apoptosis rate, bone marrow CD34+ cell surface Fas (CD95) expression and Fas signaling pathway key proteins were detected. Results After the establishment of the AA mouse model, the number of peripheral blood cells including granulocytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, platelets and reticulocytes in the AA group model was significantly decreased compared with the group control (P < 0.01). The degree of bone marrow hyperplasia in the sternum and femur is extremely low. After different drug interventions, compared with the group model, the number of peripheral blood cells in the AA mice rebounded significantly in group DNS (P < 0.01). Not only that the apoptosis rate of BM-MCs decreased (P < 0.01), meanwhile, the CD95 molecule expressed on the CD34+ bone marrow cells had a significant decline (P < 0.01), and the expression level of the key proteins of Fas signaling pathway was also significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Conclusion DNS recovered the peripheral pancytopenia and bone marrow failure in AA mice. DNS reduced the key protein of Fas signaling pathway level to inhibit apoptosis of bone marrow cells to treat AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Runfeng Ni
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiani Li
- Department of Gynecology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liwei Fan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanqi Song
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haijin Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aidi Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoshan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Baoshan Liu; Aidi Wang, Department of traditional Chinese medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
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Cohen ER, Misztal C, Dable C, Gomez-Fernandez C, Bhatia RG, Roth P, Ma R, Trosman S, Green C, Nicolli E, Dinh CT, Sargi ZB. Redefining Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 167:705-715. [PMID: 35133896 DOI: 10.1177/01945998221076110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perineural invasion (PNI) negatively affects disease-specific survival in patients with head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (HNcSCC). We aim to analyze the prognostic implications of PNI-related features. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Academic tertiary care hospital. METHODS Retrospective chart review was performed on 104 patients diagnosed with HNcSCC between January 2011 and October 2019 who underwent resection, parotidectomy, and neck dissection with more than 1 year of follow-up. PNI was classified as incidental (identified on histopathology alone) or clinical (present on radiography and/or physical exam). Primary outcome measures were overall survival and disease-free survival (DFS). Kaplan-Meier analysis, logistic regression, and Cox regression were performed. RESULTS The overall 5-year DFS was 57.9%. Sixty-one patients had PNI. On histopathology, 28 lesions showed complete nerve encirclement, 10 involved >5 nerves, and 12 involved named nerves. Patients with facial weakness (P = .026) and positive margins (P = .0029) had a higher likelihood of histopathologic PNI, and positive margins retained significance on multivariable analysis (P = .0079). Worse DFS was seen in patients with PNI (P = .004), advanced tumor stage (P = .049), positive margins (P = .014), and >5 nerves involved (P = .0061). Furthermore, histopathologic PNI was a predictor of DFS (hazard ratio [HR], 3.07; 95% CI, 0.33-1.38; P = .0061) overall and in the clinical PNI cohort (HR, 3.43; 95% CI, 1.65-7.10; P = .00091). CONCLUSION DFS was significantly worse in patients with PNI, facial nerve weakness, advanced T stage, positive margins, and multiple nerve involvement. Further characterization of PNI features may help improve prognostic predictions and identify patients who may benefit from more aggressive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Cohen
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carly Misztal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Cortney Dable
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carmen Gomez-Fernandez
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Rita G Bhatia
- Department of Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Patrick Roth
- Department of Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ruixuan Ma
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Samuel Trosman
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carlos Green
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Elizabeth Nicolli
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Christine T Dinh
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zoukaa B Sargi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Condorelli AG, Motolese A, Borgia F, Bartolomeo LD, Bianchi L, Rossi PG, Ottone M, Guarneri F, Motolese A. Photodynamic therapy for superficial basal cell carcinomas: clinical features of partial responses and recurrences. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 37:102727. [PMID: 35041983 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common skin cancers. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the first line therapy for superficial BCCs, providing good response and low side effects. The aim of current study is to evaluate the clinicopathological features associated with partial responses or recurrences of BCCs treated with one cycle-PDT (two sessions, one week apart). METHODS Superficial BCCs treated with PDT between 2016 and 2019 were analyzed. At the 6-month follow-up visit, BCCs were subdivided in "high clearance" or "partial response", based on clinical and/or dermoscopic examination. "High clearance" lesions underwent 24-month follow-up visit and were assigned to "sustained clearance" or "recurrence" groups. Information about age, sex, site, size of lesions, skin biopsy and multiple lesions were collected and the association with the outcomes were estimated with multivariable logistic models. RESULTS 234 superficial BCCs from 216 patients were analyzed. At the 6-month follow-up visit, 171 out of 234 BCCs (73%) presented a "high clearance", while 63 lesions (27%) showed a "partial response". 28 out of 171 high clearance BCCs (16%) presented a recurrence within 24 months. When "partial response" is compared with the "high clearance" or "sustained clearance" group, a significant difference in mean superficial size of lesions is detected, with higher values in "partial response". Head and neck BCCs have a double risk of recurrence within 24 months. CONCLUSIONS PDT is a good therapeutic option for superficial BCCs, even though BCCs of head and neck have a higher risk of recurrences and larger BCCs could need a supplementary treatment.
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Key Words
- BCC, basal cell carcinoma
- CI: confidence intervals
- IQR, interquartile range
- OR, odds ratio
- SD, standard deviation
- Superficial basal cell carcinomas, photodynamic therapy, non-ablative treatments, partial responses, recurrences, Abbreviations: PDT, photodynamic therapy
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfonso Motolese
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Borgia
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Di Bartolomeo
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Lodovico Bianchi
- Department of Dermatology, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi di Varese, Varese, Italy
| | - Paolo Giorgi Rossi
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Marta Ottone
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Guarneri
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alberico Motolese
- S.C. Dermatologia, Azienda USL di Reggio Emilia - IRCCS, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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10
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Tang E, Fung K, Chan AW. Incidence and mortality rates of keratinocyte carcinoma from 1998-2017: a population-based study of sex differences in Ontario, Canada. CMAJ 2021; 193:E1516-E1524. [PMID: 34607845 PMCID: PMC8568084 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.210595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Keratinocyte carcinoma is the most common malignant disease, but it is not captured in major registries. We aimed to describe differences by sex in the incidence and mortality rates of keratinocyte carcinoma in Ontario, Canada. Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective study of adults residing in Ontario between Jan. 1, 1998, and Dec. 31, 2017, using linked health administrative databases. We identified the first diagnosis of keratinocyte carcinoma using a validated algorithm of health insurance claims, and deaths related to keratinocyte carcinoma from death certificates. We calculated the incidence and mortality rates of keratinocyte carcinoma, stratified by sex, age and income quintile. We evaluated trends using the average annual percentage change (AAPC) based on joinpoint regression. Results: After decreasing from 1998 to 2003, the incidence rate of keratinocyte carcinoma increased by 30% to 369 per 100 000 males and 345 per 100 000 females in 2017 (AAPC 1.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7 to 2.1 from 2003 to 2017). The incidence rate was higher in females younger than 55 years, but higher in males aged 55 years or older. Between 2008 and 2017, the incidence rate rose faster in females than males aged 45–54 years (AAPC 1.2% v. 0.5%, p = 0.01) and 55–64 years (1.2% v. 0.1%, p < 0.01). The incidence was higher in males than females in the higher income quintiles. Between 1998 and 2017, the mortality rate of keratinocyte carcinoma was 1.8 times higher in males than females, on average, and rose 4.8-fold overall (AAPC 8.9%, 95% CI 6.4 to 11.4 in males; 8.0%, 95% CI 5.3–10.8 in females). Interpretation: The population burden of keratinocyte carcinoma is growing, and the incidence and mortality rates rose disproportionately among certain sex- and age-specific groups. This warrants further investigation into causal factors and renewed preventive public health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Tang
- Faculty of Medicine (Tang), University of Toronto; ICES (Fung, Chan); Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (Tang, Chan), Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - Kinwah Fung
- Faculty of Medicine (Tang), University of Toronto; ICES (Fung, Chan); Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (Tang, Chan), Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - An-Wen Chan
- Faculty of Medicine (Tang), University of Toronto; ICES (Fung, Chan); Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (Tang, Chan), Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.
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Ragaini BS, Blizzard L, Newman L, Stokes B, Albion T, Venn A. Temporal trends in the incidence rates of keratinocyte carcinomas from 1978 to 2018 in Tasmania, Australia: a population-based study. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:30. [PMID: 35201459 PMCID: PMC8777529 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00426-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We described incidence trends of keratinocyte carcinomas (KCs)-namely basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)-in the Australian state of Tasmania. METHODS We identified histologically confirmed KCs within the Tasmanian Cancer Registry (TCR) and conducted assessments to ensure data quality. Age-standardised incidence rates were calculated for first (1985-2018) and annual KCs (1978-2018). Average annual percentage changes were computed using Joinpoint regression models. RESULTS The TCR is a reliable source of KC data. A total of 83,536 people were registered with a KC between 1978 and 2018. Age-standardised incidence rates of first KCs increased on average by 3% per annum for BCCs and 4% per annum for SCCs, reaching 363/100,000 and 249/100,000 in 2018, respectively. Age-standardised incidence rates of annual KCs increased on average by 5% per annum for BCCs and 6% per annum for SCCs, up to 891/100,000 and 514/100,000 in 2018, respectively. This increase was steeper for females than males and highest during the late 1980s and early 1990s. A change in trend around 2014 suggested that incidence rates have started to decline. CONCLUSION While the incidence of KCs in Tasmania increased substantially over 41 years, rates have recently plateaued and started to decline. The findings may reflect changes in sun exposure behaviours due to awareness campaigns, but high incidence rates in 2018 indicate that KCs still pose a substantial burden to this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna S Ragaini
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Leah Newman
- Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra, Australia
| | - Brian Stokes
- Tasmanian Cancer Registry, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Tim Albion
- Tasmanian Cancer Registry, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Alison Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
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Velleman J, Kaarela O, Vranckx JJ. Treatment of basal cell carcinoma with vismodegib: future or present? Acta Chir Belg 2021; 121:198-203. [PMID: 31437079 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2019.1658943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the introduction of Vismodegib as treatment of recurrent locally advanced basal cell carcinoma (laBCC), clinicians are faced with new dilemmas: 'Can Vismodegib replace complex reconstructions?', 'What is the role of neoadjuvant use of Vismodegib?' and 'What is the best approach in case of complete clinical remission after Vismodegib in a neoadjuvant setting?' METHODS Case report and literature review. RESULTS Case report Complete dermoscopic remission after eight months Vismodegib was obtained in a patient with recurrent laBCC. Follow-up was 12 months. Literature review: Vismodegib shows histologic clearance in 42% of patients with operable basal cell carcinoma. Recurrence after neoadjuvant use of Vismodegib in laBCC was described. Moreover, histology revealed residual tumour cells in cases of complete clinical remission after 6 months Vismodegib. CONCLUSIONS Vismodegib cannot replace complex reconstructions. However, in unresectable laBCC, Vismodegib can provide a bridge to surgery. Due to the possibility of persistent tumour cells, we recommend imaging-assisted surgery and an imaging-based follow-up. In case of complete clinical remission after Vismodegib in a neoadjuvant setting, we recommend that Vismodegib be continued as long as the adverse effects are tolerated and an imaging-based follow-up is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos Velleman
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Outi Kaarela
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jan J. Vranckx
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Fu J, Zhao J, Zhang H, Fan X, Geng W, Qiao S. MicroRNA-451a prevents cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma progression via the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:116. [PMID: 33335579 PMCID: PMC7739855 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) in governing the progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) has been the focus of recent studies. However, the functional role of miR-451a in cSCC growth remains poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the expression levels of miR-451a in cSCC cell lines and the involvement of miR-451a in cSCC progression. The results revealed that the expression levels of miR-451a were downregulated in cSCC tissues and cell lines, and that this subsequently upregulated 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDPK1) expression levels. PDPK1 was validated as a direct target of miR-451a in cSCC using bioinformatics software Starbase, dual-luciferase reporter gene assays and western blotting. Additionally, CCK-8, EdU and Transwell assays, as well as flow cytometry and Hoechst 3325 staining, were performed to assess the malignant aggressiveness of cSCC cells. Overexpression of miR-451a was demonstrated to impair the proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and promoted apoptosis in cSCC cells by interacting with PDPK1, possibly by direct targeting. Furthermore, the western blotting results indicated that miR-451a overexpression may block the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by interacting with PDPK1. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that miR-451a may prevent the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of cSCC cells through the PDPK1-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which may offer potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixing Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Liaocheng Second People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Liaocheng Second Hospital, Linqing, Shandong 252601, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Liaocheng Second People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Liaocheng Second Hospital, Linqing, Shandong 252601, P.R. China
| | - Huamin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Liaocheng Second People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Liaocheng Second Hospital, Linqing, Shandong 252601, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Liaocheng Second People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Liaocheng Second Hospital, Linqing, Shandong 252601, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Geng
- Department of Dermatology, Liaocheng Second People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Liaocheng Second Hospital, Linqing, Shandong 252601, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Liaocheng Second People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Liaocheng Second Hospital, Linqing, Shandong 252601, P.R. China
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Kitamura S, Maeda T, Yanagi T. Vandetanib inhibits cell growth in EGFR-expressing cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 531:396-401. [PMID: 32800552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) responds poorly to chemotherapy, leading to significant morbidity or death. Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently observed in advanced cutaneous SCC. Vandetanib is a multiple tyrosine kinase targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2), EGFR, and the rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene. Vandetanib has been reported to inhibit tumor growth in head and neck SCC. However, the efficacy of vandetanib against cutaneous SCC has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of vandetanib against cutaneous SCC in vitro and in vivo. Vandetanib is found to inhibit the proliferation of cutaneous SCC cells as assessed by cell viability and clonogenic assay. Cell death analysis indicates that vandetanib induces cell death in SCC cells but not in normal human keratinocytes or fibroblasts. The in vivo anti-tumor effect of vandetanib is shown in xenograft tumor models using A431 SCC cells. Mechanistically, vandetanib suppresses the phosphorylation of EGFR in SCC cells. Clinically, EGFR expression levels are elevated in cutaneous SCC specimens, relative to normal epidermis. In conclusion, we identified vandetanib as a novel therapeutic option for cutaneous SCC, especially in tumors with high EGFR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Kitamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takuya Maeda
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Teruki Yanagi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
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15
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Epidemiology of Microsatellite Instability High (MSI-H) and Deficient Mismatch Repair (dMMR) in Solid Tumors: A Structured Literature Review. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/1807929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background. Given limited data on the epidemiology of MSI-H and dMMR across solid tumors (except colorectal cancer (CRC)), the current study was designed to estimate their prevalence. Materials and Methods. A structured literature review identified English language publications that used immunohistochemistry (IHC) or polymerase chain replication (PCR) techniques. Publications were selected for all tumors except CRC using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases and key congresses; CRC and pan-tumor genomic publications were selected through a targeted review. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate pooled prevalence of MSI-H/dMMR across all solid tumors and for selected tumor types. Where possible, prevalence within tumor types was estimated by disease stages. Results. Of 1,176 citations retrieved, 103 and 48 publications reported prevalence of MSI-H and dMMR, respectively. Five pan-tumor genomic studies supplemented the evidence base. Tumor types with at least 5 publications included gastric (n = 39), ovarian (n = 23), colorectal (n = 20), endometrial (n = 53), esophageal (n = 6), and renal cancer (n = 8). Overall MSI-H prevalence (with 95% CI) across 25 tumors was based on 90 papers (28,213 patients) and estimated at 14% (10%–19%). MSI-H prevalence among Stage 1/2 cancers was estimated at 15% (8%–23%); Stages 3 and 4 prevalence was estimated at 9% (3%–17%) and 3% (1%–7%), respectively. Overall, dMMR prevalence across 13 tumor types (based on 54 papers and 20,383 patients) was estimated at 16% (11%–22%). Endometrial cancer had the highest pooled MSI-H and dMMR prevalence (26% and 25% all stages, respectively). Conclusions. This is the first comprehensive attempt to report pooled prevalence estimates of MSI-H/dMMR across solid tumors based on published data. Prevalence determined by IHC and PCR was generally comparable, with some variations by cancer type. Late-stage prevalence was lower than that in earlier stages.
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16
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Abedini R, Nasimi M, Noormohammad Pour P, Moghtadaie A, Tohidinik HR. Quality of Life in Patients with Non-melanoma Skin Cancer: Implications for Healthcare Education Services and Supports. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2019; 34:755-759. [PMID: 29705894 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-018-1368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most prevalent type of cancer among Caucasian populations worldwide. The purpose of this work was to measure quality of life (QOL) of the patients with diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) who were referred to our cancer clinic. During 1 year, 95 patients were selected and asked to complete Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaires. Ninety-five patients with NMSC (74 men and 21 women) with mean age of 64.6 ± 12.5 participated in this cross-sectional study. From 95 patients, 75 had BCC, 15 had SCC, and 5 patients had both SCC and BCC. The total DLQI scores of the all participants were between 0 and 16; the mean was 4.1 ± 4.25 and median was 2. Variables which were associated with impaired QOL were marital status (P = 0.03) and tumor location (P = 0.02). By using general dermatology QOL questionnaire, it had been demonstrated that patients with NMSC faced with minimal QOL impairment; also, this handicap was more pronounced in younger patients and singles and patients with tumors located in exposed areas. Our findings demonstrated a need to educate our patients to improve patients' knowledge about different aspects of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robabeh Abedini
- Autoimmune Bullous Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Razi Hospital-Vahdate Eslami Street, Tehran, 1199663911, Iran
| | - Maryam Nasimi
- Autoimmune Bullous Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Razi Hospital-Vahdate Eslami Street, Tehran, 1199663911, Iran.
| | - Pedram Noormohammad Pour
- Autoimmune Bullous Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Razi Hospital-Vahdate Eslami Street, Tehran, 1199663911, Iran
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17
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Heaton H, Lawrence N. Nonmelanoma skin cancer in women. Int J Womens Dermatol 2018; 5:2-7. [PMID: 30809571 PMCID: PMC6374707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Men continue to develop nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) at higher rates than women, but the epidemiologic pattern of NMSC development is evolving. We present a selective, narrative review of the literature showing that there is a trend toward a development of basal cell carcinomas in women at younger ages, and highlight potential causes of this trend. We review evidence that indoor tanning is associated with the development of NMSC and show that young women use indoor tanning more than any other age-sex group. We discuss societal factors that relate to the tanning behavior of young women. Finally, we argue that facial NMSCs may have more of a negative impact on quality of life in women than in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Heaton
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Corresponding author.
| | - N. Lawrence
- Division of Dermatology, Cooper University Hospital Medical Center, Marlton, New Jersey
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18
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Muzic JG, Schmitt AR, Wright AC, Alniemi DT, Zubair AS, Olazagasti Lourido JM, Sosa Seda IM, Weaver AL, Baum CL. Incidence and Trends of Basal Cell Carcinoma and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Population-Based Study in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 2000 to 2010. Mayo Clin Proc 2017; 92:890-898. [PMID: 28522111 PMCID: PMC5535132 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine population-based incidence estimates of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed the medical records of a population-based cohort diagnosed with nonmelanoma skin cancer between January 2, 2000, and December 31, 2010. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates were calculated and compared with estimates from previous periods. RESULTS The age-adjusted BCC incidence (cases per 100,000 person-years) was 360.0 (95% CI, 342.5-377.4) in men and 292.9 (95% CI, 278.6-307.1) in women. The age-adjusted cSCC incidence (cases per 100,000 person-years) was 207.5 (95% CI, 193.9-221.1) in men and 128.8 (95% CI, 119.4-138.2) in women. From years 1976 to 1984 to years 2000 to 2010, the age- and sex-adjusted incidence (cases per 100,000 person-years) of BCC increased from 222.0 (95% CI, 204.5-239.5) to 321.2 (95% CI, 310.3-332.2) and that of cSCC from 61.8 (95% CI, 52.3-71.4) to 162.5 (95% CI, 154.6-170.3). Over time, the anatomical distribution of BCC shifted from the head and neck to the torso and that of cSCC shifted from the head and neck to the extremities. CONCLUSION The incidences of BCC and cSCC are increasing, with a disproportionate increase in cSCC relative to BCC. There is also a disproportionate increase in the incidence of both tumors in women, as well as a shift of anatomical distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Muzic
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amy L Weaver
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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19
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Verkouteren J, Ramdas K, Wakkee M, Nijsten T. Epidemiology of basal cell carcinoma: scholarly review. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:359-372. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.A.C. Verkouteren
- Department of Dermatology; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Burgemeester s'Jacobplein 51 3015 CA Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - K.H.R. Ramdas
- Department of Dermatology; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Burgemeester s'Jacobplein 51 3015 CA Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - M. Wakkee
- Department of Dermatology; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Burgemeester s'Jacobplein 51 3015 CA Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - T. Nijsten
- Department of Dermatology; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Burgemeester s'Jacobplein 51 3015 CA Rotterdam the Netherlands
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20
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Green AC, Olsen CM. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: an epidemiological review. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:373-381. [PMID: 28211039 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common cancer in white populations and its disease burden is often substantially underestimated. SCC occurs more often in men than women and increases dramatically with age; those affected often develop multiple primaries over time, which increases the burden. The main external cause is solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR), with immunosuppression being the other established risk factor, shown by the high SCC rates in organ transplant recipients. Sunbed use and certain genetic disorders and medical conditions are also associated with SCC, while associations with human papillomavirus infection and high bodyweight are not established. The presence of actinic keratoses (AKs) on sun-damaged skin is one of the strongest predictors of SCC in unaffected people and a very small proportion of AKs are SCC precursors, although the true rate of malignant transformation of AKs is unknown. The mainstay of SCC prevention is protection of the skin from undue sun exposure by use of clothing cover and sunscreen during summer or in sunny places. Educational, behavioural and multicomponent interventions directed at individuals ranging from parents of newborns, to school children and adolescents, to outdoor workers, have repeatedly been shown to be effective in improving sun-protective behaviours. Health policies can facilitate SCC prevention by setting standards for relevant behaviours to reduce UVR exposure, for example, by legislated restriction of the tanning industry. Skin cancer prevention initiatives are generally highly cost-effective and public investment should be encouraged to control the growing public health problems caused by SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Green
- Cancer and Population Studies Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, QLD 4029, Brisbane, Australia.,CRUK Manchester Institute and Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | - C M Olsen
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, QLD 4029, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Public Health, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Trends in incidence and survival analysis in non-melanoma skin cancer from 1994 to 2012 in Girona, Spain: A population-based study. Cancer Epidemiol 2016; 45:6-10. [PMID: 27639035 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We present an epidemiological study focused on Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC), including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFS) and adnexal and skin appendages neoplasm (ASAN), a neoplasm understudied in cancer registries. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyze trends of incidence and survival of NMSC registered with the Cancer Registry of Girona, Spain. RESULTS We found 14389 cases of NMSC, accounting 3,474 SCC, 10729 BCC, 33 MCC, 61 DFSP and 71 ASAN. Incidence increased significantly in SCC and BCC with annual percentage of change of 1.6 and 1.5, respectively, but not in MCC, DFS or ASAN. Five-year relative survival for both sexes was 90.1% in SCC, 99.8% in BCC, 44.2% in MCC, 93.7% in DFS and 84% in ASAN. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms the increasing incidence and good survival of SCC and BCC and enhances knowledge on the epidemiology of the less incidental NMSC.
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Chin C, Bradu A, Lim R, Khandwala M, Schofield J, Leick L, Podoleanu A. Master/slave optical coherence tomography imaging of eyelid basal cell carcinoma. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:7378-86. [PMID: 27661377 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.007378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is fast emerging as an additional non-interventional modality for skin tumor detection and diagnosis. A master/slave flying spot OCT configuration was assembled to detect periocular basal cell carcinomas (BCC). A swept source at 1300 nm and sweeping speed of 50 kHz were used. A three-step process was involved. First, 384 channeled spectra using a mirror were stored for 384 optical path differences at the master stage. Then, the stored channeled spectra (masks) were correlated with the channeled spectrum from the BCC tissue to produce 384 en face OCT images (200×200 pixels) for the optical path difference values used to acquire the masks. Finally, these en face slices were stacked to form a volume to cross-reference BCC tumor margins in the orthogonal plane. Per each eyelid sample, several en face images of 200×200 lateral pixels are produced in the time to scan laterally a complete raster of 1.6 s. Combination of the en face views with the cross-sectioning views allow for better discrimination of BCCs comparable to using cross-sectional imaging alone, as previously reported using the conventional fast-Fourier-transform-based OCT techniques.
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Zou Y, Zhao Y, Yu J, Luo X, Han J, Ye Z, Li J, Lin H. Photodynamic therapy versus surgical excision to basal cell carcinoma: meta-analysis. J Cosmet Dermatol 2016; 15:374-382. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yurui Zou
- Institute of Tropical Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Yunxiang Zhao
- Institute of Tropical Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Rheumatology; Southwest Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Xue Luo
- Institute of Tropical Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Jiangbo Han
- Institute of Tropical Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Zhijia Ye
- Institute of Tropical Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Jintao Li
- Institute of Tropical Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Hui Lin
- Institute of Tropical Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
- Department of Epidemiology; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
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Histopathologic assessment of depth of follicular invasion of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in situ (SCCis): Implications for treatment approach. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 74:356-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Consensus for Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Treatment, Part II: Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Including a Cost Analysis of Treatment Methods. Dermatol Surg 2016; 41:1214-40. [PMID: 26445288 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000000478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common cancer in the United States. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma has an estimated incidence of more than 700,000 new cases per year and a 5% risk of metastasis. OBJECTIVE To provide clinicians with guidelines for the management of cSCC based on evidence from a comprehensive literature review and consensus among the authors. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors conducted an extensive review of the medical literature on treatment methods for cSCC, taking into consideration cure rates, recurrence and metastatic rates, aesthetic and functional outcomes, and cost effectiveness of the procedures. RESULTS Surgical treatments provide the best outcomes for cSCC. Mohs micrographic surgery is a cost-effective procedure that affords the highest cure rate, maximal tissue preservation, and superior cosmetic outcomes. Nonsurgical methods may be used as a primary treatment for low-risk squamous cell carcinomas, but the cure rates are lower. CONCLUSION The cure rate remains the most important consideration in choosing the treatment method, but additional factors, such as the patient's general medical condition, psychosocial circumstances, the location of the tumor and cost effectiveness of the therapy should be considered. Mohs micrographic surgery remains the preferred treatment for high-risk tumors and tumors located in cosmetically sensitive areas.
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Biodegradable Nanofiber for Delivery of Immunomodulating Agent in the Treatment of Basal Cell Carcinoma. FIBERS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/fib3040478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abbas M, Kalia S. Trends in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma) in Canada. J Cutan Med Surg 2015; 20:166-75. [DOI: 10.1177/1203475415610106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Despite its increased incidence and status as the most prevalent cancer in Canada, there is a paucity of epidemiological data on non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Objective: To assess trends of keratinocyte carcinomas (KC) in Canada over 5 decades. Methods: Articles published from 1960 to 2015 on NMSC in Canada were identified through MEDLINE. Six articles met our search criteria. Results: Overall, KC has increased. However, the rate of increase in the past decade has slowed down and decreased in younger age cohorts. Men had higher incidences of KC. In both sexes, the basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma ratio was ≥2.5:1. Keratinocyte carcinomas were most commonly located on the head and neck, and increasing rates are occurring on the trunk. Limitations: The methods of registering skin cancer cases vary among different provinces. Conclusion: Keratinocyte carcinomas incidence is overall increasing; however, there may be evidence that the incidence is leveling off and decreasing in younger age cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Abbas
- Division of Dermatology and Cutaneous Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sunil Kalia
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Face Basosquamous Carcinoma, a Case Report. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2014; 40:277-80. [PMID: 26870599 PMCID: PMC4748831 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.40.04.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Face basosquamous or metatypical carcinoma is a rare and controversial form of skin cancer. It is characterized by increased incidence of recurrence and distant metastases. We present the case of a patient of 71 years with an ulcerative lesion of 3/4 cm in the nasal pyramid. The injury occurred due to trauma to the nasal pyramid, produced 13 years ago. After investigation, which included ORL examination, imaging and oncology exam, surgery was decided to completely ablate tumor formation. The resulted defect of 4/5 cm was covered by mobilizing a forehead flap based on right supratrohleare artery pedicle. Histopathological examination revealed the diagnosis of basosquamous or metatypical carcinoma. The patient was referred to the oncology service for treatment.
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Wang H, Xu Y, Shi J, Gao X, Geng L. Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2014; 31:44-53. [PMID: 25377432 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE This meta-analysis was designed to compare the efficacy, cosmetic outcome and safety of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with other procedures for the treatment of primary basal cell carcinoma (BCC). METHODS A computerized search through electronic databases was performed to search for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published before October 2013. Only RCTs that compared PDT to non-PDT for patients with BCC were selected. The risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS Eight studies with a total of 1583 patients met the inclusion criteria. PDT was associated with lower complete clearance rate (RR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.89-0.98), higher 1-year recurrence rate (RR: 12.42, 95% CI: 2.34-66.02) and 5-year recurrence rate (RR: 6.79, 95% CI: 2.43-18.96) when compared with surgical excision. There was no statistically significant difference in complete clearance rate (RR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85-1.00), 1-year recurrence rate (RR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.46 to 2.39) or 5-year recurrence rate (RR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.62-1.86) when PDT was compared with cryotherapy. PDT had higher complete clearance rate compared with placebo but no statistically significant difference in complete clearance rate and 1-year recurrence rate when compared with pharmacologic treatment (topical imiquimod and 5-fluorouracil). PDT had a significantly better cosmetic outcome than surgery and cryotherapy. CONCLUSIONS PDT is a useful method for the treatment of BCC, more efficient than placebo and with a similar efficiency to cryosurgery and pharmacologic treatment. Even though it is less effective than surgical excision, PDT has cosmetic advantages over surgery and cryosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Wang
- Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Sella T, Goren I, Shalev V, Shapira H, Zandbank J, Rosenblum J, Kimlin M, Chodick G. Incidence trends of keratinocytic skin cancers and melanoma in Israel 2006-11. Br J Dermatol 2014; 172:202-7. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Sella
- Medical Division; Maccabi Healthcare Services; Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Oncology; Sheba Medical Center; Tel Hashomer Israel
| | - I. Goren
- Medical Division; Maccabi Healthcare Services; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - V. Shalev
- Medical Division; Maccabi Healthcare Services; Tel Aviv Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - H. Shapira
- Pathology Laboratory; Maccabi Healthcare Services; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - J. Zandbank
- Pathology Laboratory; Maccabi Healthcare Services; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - J. Rosenblum
- Medical Division; Maccabi Healthcare Services; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - M.G. Kimlin
- AusSun Research Laboratory; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation,Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - G. Chodick
- Medical Division; Maccabi Healthcare Services; Tel Aviv Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
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31
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Pilgrim W, Hayes R, Hanson DW, Zhang B, Boudreau B, Leonfellner S. Skin Cancer (Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Malignant Melanoma): New Cases, Treatment Practice, and Health Care Costs in New Brunswick, Canada, 2002–2010. J Cutan Med Surg 2014; 18:320-31. [DOI: 10.2310/7750.2014.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: In Canada, there is no formal process for registering nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC); thus, the epidemiology, treatment practices, and associated health costs are not well known. Objectives: To investigate trends in new cases of skin cancer, treatment practices, and health care costs in New Brunswick, Canada. Methods: Data were extracted from the Provincial Cancer Registry and New Brunswick administrative health databases for 2002–2010. Results: New cases: Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) was the most common skin cancer diagnosed, and incidence rates significantly increased between 1992 and 2010. Treatment practice: Dermatologists managed the majority (45%) of the overall skin cancer treatments. Health care costs: NMSC accounted for ˜80% of the health care costs for skin cancer and was dominated by BCC. Conclusions: Development of best practice treatment guidelines for NMSC in New Brunswick would improve future health care efficiencies, and standard protocols for registering new cases of NMSC in Canada would strengthen surveillance and reporting capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred Pilgrim
- From the New Brunswick Department of Health and private practice, Fredericton, NB
| | - Robert Hayes
- From the New Brunswick Department of Health and private practice, Fredericton, NB
| | - Dana W. Hanson
- From the New Brunswick Department of Health and private practice, Fredericton, NB
| | - Bin Zhang
- From the New Brunswick Department of Health and private practice, Fredericton, NB
| | - Bonnie Boudreau
- From the New Brunswick Department of Health and private practice, Fredericton, NB
| | - Suzanne Leonfellner
- From the New Brunswick Department of Health and private practice, Fredericton, NB
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Radiotis G, Roberts N, Czajkowska Z, Khanna M, Körner A. Nonmelanoma skin cancer: disease-specific quality-of-life concerns and distress. Oncol Nurs Forum 2014; 41:57-65. [PMID: 24368239 DOI: 10.1188/14.onf.57-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To provide a better understanding of the disease-specific quality-of-life (QOL) concerns of patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Skin cancer clinic of Jewish General Hospital in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. SAMPLE 56 patients with basal cell carcinoma and/or squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS Descriptive and inferential statistics applied to quantitative self-report data. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Importance of appearance, psychological distress, and QOL. FINDINGS The most prevalent concerns included worries about tumor recurrence, as well as the potential size and conspicuousness of the scar. Skin cancer-specific QOL concerns significantly predicted distress manifested through anxious and depressive symptomology. In addition, the social concerns related to the disease were the most significant predictor of distress. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study provide healthcare professionals with a broad picture of the most prevalent NMSC-specific concerns, as well as the concerns that are of particular importance for different subgroups of patients. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Nurses are in a position to provide pivotal psychosocial and informational support to patients, so they need to be aware of the often-overlooked psychosocial effects of NMSC to address these issues and provide optimal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Radiotis
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University
| | - Nicole Roberts
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University
| | - Zofia Czajkowska
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University
| | | | - Annett Körner
- Louise Granofsky Psychosocial Oncology Program, Segal Cancer Centre in Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Nguyen KD, Han J, Li T, Qureshi AA. Invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma incidence in US health care workers. Arch Dermatol Res 2014; 306:555-60. [PMID: 24866765 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-014-1469-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Little data on cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) epidemiology within the United States are currently available. Prior studies have focused on populations outside of the United States or been limited to regions within the US. In this study, prospective data were collected via biennial questionnaires from a total of 261,609 participants, which included women in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS, 1976-2008) and Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II, 1989-2009), and men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS, 1986-2008). History of physician-diagnosed invasive SCC was confirmed by pathology record review. Over the entire follow-up period for each cohort, there were 1,265 invasive SCC cases per 100,000 persons in the NHS cohort, 389 cases per 100,000 persons in NHS II, and 2,154 cases per 100,000 persons in HPFS. An 18-year follow-up of participants in these cohorts revealed increasing invasive SCC incidence rates over time, with rates for men being consistently higher than those for women. In women, a larger proportion of invasive SCC lesions occurred on the lower extremities as compared to men (21 % in NHS vs. 6 % in HPFS, p < 0.0001; 14 % in NHS II vs. 6 % in HPFS, p < 0.0001), while in men, a larger proportion occurred on the head/neck (43 % in NHS vs. 60 % in HPFS, p < 0.0001; 48 % in NHS II vs. 60 % in HPFS, p < 0.0001). In summary, invasive SCC incidence rates among US men have been greater than those for women with distinct sites of common occurrence between men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khang D Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, BWH Alumni Hall, 41 Ave Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,
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Koyuncuer A. Histopathological evaluation of non-melanoma skin cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:159. [PMID: 24886534 PMCID: PMC4046093 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most frequently seen cancers worldwide. Methods The medical records of patients diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in Hatay Antakya pathology laboratory between January 2010 and September 2012 were retrospectively included in the study. Tumors were categorized according to age, gender, anatomical localization, type, solitary-multiplicity, tumor diameter (0 to 2 mm, 2.1 to 6 mm and >6.1 mm), and presence of ulceration (BCCs), and morphological subtype, histopatological features and grades (SCCs). Results A total of 136 tumors in 127 NMSC cases were examined. Solitary tumors were seen in 118 (92.9%), and multiple tumors in 9 (7.1%) patients. Mean age of the patients was 68.5 ± 13 years. BCC was observed in 96 (75.6%) and SCC in 31 (24.4%) patients. Mean diameter of all types of solitary and multiple tumors was 7.42 ± 3.49 mm. Nodular subtype focal cystic changes were observed in 49 (47.6%) patients. All tumors (solitary and multiple) were seen on the face (67.6%), scalp (11.8%), and ear (11%). Well differentiated SCCs were detected in 20 cases (64.5%); ulceration was observed in 58.1% of all tumors. Conclusions Epidemiologic and histopathological investigations, routine skin scanning performed on the elderly population and dermatological examination will help to improve efficient health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Koyuncuer
- Department of Pathology, Antakya State Hospital, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey.
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Kolk A, Wolff KD, Smeets R, Kesting M, Hein R, Eckert AW. Melanotic and non-melanotic malignancies of the face and external ear - A review of current treatment concepts and future options. Cancer Treat Rev 2014; 40:819-37. [PMID: 24814015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skin has the highest incidence and variety of tumors of all organs. Its structure is of great complexity, and every component has the potential to originate a skin neoplasm (SN). Because of its exposed nature, skin is vulnerable to carcinogenic stimuli such as UV radiation. Various entities can cause SN. Nonmelanotic skin cancers (NMSC) are the most common of all cancers, with over one million cases diagnosed annually in the US. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) accounts for approximately 80% of all NMSC, most of the remaining 20% being squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The skin of the head and neck is the most common site for tumors, accounting for more than 80% of all NMSC. BCC, SCC, and malignant melanomas (MM) represent 85-90% of all SN. Merkel cell tumors (MCC), lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas of the skin (LELCS), dermato-fibro-sarcomas, leiomyosarkomas, and Kaposi-sarcomas are less frequent in the facial skin region and the external ear. Based on data from the German Federal Cancer Registry (2003/2004), 140,000 people in Germany were affected by SN (100,000 BCC, 22,000 SCC, 22,000 MM). This number increases considerably if malignant precursors, such as actinic keratosis, are included. Each year, the frequency of SN diagnosis rises by 3-7%. Among all known malignant tumors, MM exhibits the highest rate of increase in incidence. In the past, SN was primarily diagnosed in people aged 50 years or older. However, recently, the risk for developing SN has shifted, and younger people are also affected. Early diagnosis is significantly correlated with prognosis. Resection of SN creates defects that must be closed with local or microvascular flaps to avoid functional disturbing scar formation and deflection of the nose, eyelids, or lips. All therapeutic strategies for SN, the current standard for adjuvant and systemic treatment, and the management of the increasing number of patients under permanent blood thinner medication are described with regard to the treatment of SN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kolk
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Klaus-Dietrich Wolff
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Ralf Smeets
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Marco Kesting
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Hein
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Alexander W Eckert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.
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Jung GW, Dover DC, Salopek TG. Risk of second primary malignancies following a diagnosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma or nonmelanoma skin cancer in Alberta, Canada from 1979 to 2009. Br J Dermatol 2014; 170:136-43. [PMID: 24443913 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have revealed geographical variations with respect to the risk of second primary malignancies (SPMs) following cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). OBJECTIVES To provide the largest analysis of the risk of SPM following skin cancers in Canada and to detect associations that may shed light on common pathogeneses between linked malignancies. METHODS Relative risks for development of SPMs following a diagnosis of CMM or NMSC were calculated via a retrospective analysis of data retrieved from the Alberta Cancer Registry (ACR) from 1979 to 2009. RESULTS From 1979 to 2009, 85,967 NMSC and 6884 CMM incident cases were recorded in the ACR. In total 19,869 SPMs were identified following a primary NMSC (7709 cutaneous and 12,160 noncutaneous), while 1437 SPMs (908 cutaneous and 529 noncutaneous) followed CMM. Patients with a previous history of skin cancer had a 60% increased risk of developing an SPM compared with those without [observed/expected ratio (O/E) 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-1.7; P < 0.001]. Thirty and 10 different SPMs were significantly identified to follow a diagnosis of NMSC and CMM, respectively. Patients under the age of 40 years with a prior history of CMM had a marked increased expectancy for SPM [O/E 5.6, 95% CI 4.5-7.0; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Further studies are warranted to identify environmental and molecular connections among linked cutaneous and noncutaneous malignancies, which may lead to earlier detection of related neoplasms via expanded screening protocols and development of shared treatment regimens. Heightened surveillance for the development of SPMs in patients with CMM under the age of 40 years should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Jung
- Division of Dermatology and Cutaneous Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Musah A, Gibson J, Leonardi-Bee J, Cave M, Ander E, Bath-Hextall F. Regional variations of basal cell carcinoma incidence in the U.K. using The Health Improvement Network database (2004-10). Br J Dermatol 2013; 169:1093-9. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Musah
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health; University of Nottingham; Clinical Sciences Building (Phase 2) Nottingham NG5 1PB U.K
| | - J.E. Gibson
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health; University of Nottingham; Clinical Sciences Building (Phase 2) Nottingham NG5 1PB U.K
| | - J. Leonardi-Bee
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health; University of Nottingham; Clinical Sciences Building (Phase 2) Nottingham NG5 1PB U.K
| | - M.R. Cave
- British Geological Survey; Environmental Science Centre; Nottingham NG12 5GG U.K
| | - E.L. Ander
- British Geological Survey; Environmental Science Centre; Nottingham NG12 5GG U.K
| | - F. Bath-Hextall
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology; University of Nottingham; King's Meadow Campus Nottingham NG7 2NR U.K
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Khalesi M, Whiteman DC, Tran B, Kimlin MG, Olsen CM, Neale RE. A meta-analysis of pigmentary characteristics, sun sensitivity, freckling and melanocytic nevi and risk of basal cell carcinoma of the skin. Cancer Epidemiol 2013; 37:534-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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39
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Khalesi M, Whiteman DC, Doi SA, Clark J, Kimlin MG, Neale RE. Cutaneous Markers of Photo-Damage and Risk of Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Skin: A Meta-Analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:1483-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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40
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Avanaki MRN, Hojjatoleslami A, Sira M, Schofield JB, Jones C, Podoleanu AG. Investigation of basal cell carcinoma using dynamic focus optical coherence tomography. APPLIED OPTICS 2013; 52:2116-24. [PMID: 23545967 DOI: 10.1364/ao.52.002116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is becoming a popular modality for skin tumor diagnosis and assessment of tumor size and margin status. We conducted a number of imaging experiments on periocular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) specimens using an OCT configuration. This configuration employs a dynamic focus (DF) procedure where the coherence gate moves synchronously with the peak of the confocal gate, which ensures better signal strength and preservation of transversal resolution from all depths. A DF-OCT configuration is used to illustrate morphological differences between the BCC and its surrounding healthy skin in OCT images. The OCT images are correlated with the corresponding histology images. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to look at DF-OCT imaging in examining periocular BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R N Avanaki
- Research and Development Centre, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK.
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Watt TC, Inskip PD, Stratton K, Smith SA, Kry SF, Sigurdson AJ, Stovall M, Leisenring W, Robison LL, Mertens AC. Radiation-related risk of basal cell carcinoma: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2012; 104:1240-50. [PMID: 22835387 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djs298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy in the United States. Ionizing radiation is an established risk factor in certain populations, including cancer survivors. We quantified the association between ionizing radiation dose and the risk of BCC in childhood cancer survivors. METHODS Participants in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study who reported a BCC (case subjects, n = 199) were matched on age and length of follow-up to three study participants who had not developed a BCC (control subjects, n = 597). The radiation-absorbed dose (in Gy) to the BCC location was calculated based on individual radiotherapy records using a custom-designed dosimetry program. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between demographic and treatment factors, therapeutic radiation dose, and surrogate markers of sun sensitivity (skin and hair color) and the risk of BCC. A linear dose-response model was fitted to evaluate the excess odds ratio per Gy of radiation dose. RESULTS Among case subjects, 83% developed BCC between the ages of 20 and 39 years. Radiation therapy, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, was associated with an increased risk of BCC compared with no chemotherapy or radiation. The odds ratio for subjects who received 35 Gy or more to the skin site vs no radiation therapy was 39.8 (95% CI = 8.6 to 185). Results were consistent with a linear dose-response relationship, with an excess odds ratio per Gy of 1.09 (95% CI = 0.49 to 2.64). No other treatment variables were statistically significantly associated with an increased risk of BCC. CONCLUSIONS Radiation doses to the skin of more than 1 Gy are associated with an increased risk of BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya C Watt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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42
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Lomas A, Leonardi-Bee J, Bath-Hextall F. A systematic review of worldwide incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Br J Dermatol 2012; 166:1069-80. [PMID: 22251204 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10830.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1165] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common cancer affecting white-skinned individuals and the incidence is increasing worldwide. OBJECTIVES This systematic review brings together 75 studies conducted over the past half century to look at geographical variations and trends worldwide in NMSC, and specifically incidence data are compared with recent U.K. cancer registry data. METHODS Following the development of a comprehensive search strategy, an assessment tool was adapted to look at the methodological quality of the eligible studies. RESULTS Most of the studies focused on white populations in Europe, the U.S.A. and Australia; however, limited data were available for other skin types in regions such as Africa. Worldwide the incidence for NMSC varies widely with the highest rates in Australia [>1000/100, 000 person-years for basal cell carcinoma (BCC)] and the lowest rates in parts of Africa (< 1/100, 000 person-years for BCC). The average incidence rates in England were 76·21/100, 000 person-years and 22·65/100, 000 person-years for BCC and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), respectively, with highest rates in the South-West of England (121·29/100, 000 person-years for BCC and 33·02/100, 000 person-years for SCC) and lowest rates by far in London (0·24/100, 000 person-years for BCC and 14·98/100, 000 person-years for SCC). The incidence rates in the U.K. appear to be increasing at a greater rate when compared with the rest of Europe. CONCLUSIONS NMSC is an increasing problem for health care services worldwide. This review highlights a requirement for prevention studies in this area and the issues surrounding incomplete NMSC registration. Registration standards of NMSC should be improved to the level of other invasive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lomas
- University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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Kamrava SK, Behtaj M, Ghavami Y, Shahabi S, Jalessi M, Afshar EE, Maleki S. Evaluation of diagnostic values of photodynamic diagnosis in identifying the dermal and mucosal squamous cell carcinoma. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2012. [PMID: 23200008 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We conducted a study to determine and compare the efficacy of pathology and photodynamic studies in establishing diagnosis of malignant dermal and mucosal lesions. METHODS AND PATIENTS This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 40 patients suspected of SCC (squamous cell carcinoma). First, in PDD (photodynamic diagnosis) photosensitizing agent was applied to the lesion, and after 4-5h the fluorescence spectrum was detected by laser radiation. Based on fluorescence intensity, normal area was differentiated from malignant area. Also, biopsy samples from these suspected areas were sent to pathology simultaneously. Data were analyzed with SPSS v.16. The distribution of nominal variables was compared using the Chi-square test. Diagnostic index for photodynamic diagnosis were calculated. A two-sided p-value<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS In 27 cases (90%), results of pathology and photodynamic studies similarly showed malignancy. In 8 cases (80%), results of pathology and photodynamic studies similarly showed non-malignant lesion. But in five cases (12.5%) the results of pathology and photodynamic studies were not the same. This difference was not statistically significant showed by the Chi-square test analysis (p-value>0.05). A sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 80%, accuracy of 87.5%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 93%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 72%, positive likelihood ratio (PLR) of 4.5, negative likelihood ratio(NLR) of 0.125 were found in diagnosing SCC for photodynamic studies. CONCLUSION Photodynamic diagnosis is a useful non-invasive initial step in the diagnostic work-up of patients with suspected malignant lesions (SCC). In this work we have studied 40 SCC suspicious patients using PDD method and successfully carried out 27 cases as malignant all of which were matching with pathologic results. This outcome can prove both accuracy and reliability of PDD method for detecting SCC lesions on head and neck regions. Also PDD can fully demarcate the lesion peripheries less invasively as well as preserving much more time and effort. Although PDD method is a bit more expensive that biopsy and pathology but great advantages can easily cover this issue. We recommend PDD as a useful easy technique to visualize and detect the extension of the tumor preoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Kamran Kamrava
- ENT Research Center, Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran
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Mistry N, Abanto Z, Bajdik C, Rivers JK. Demographic and Tumor Characteristics of Patients Diagnosed with Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: 13-Year Retrospective Study. J Cutan Med Surg 2012; 16:32-8. [DOI: 10.1177/120347541201600107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: The incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is increasing worldwide; however, this varies by region. To date, there are limited data about trends of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in Canada. Objective: To determine the demographic and tumor characteristic changes in patients diagnosed with BCC and SCC from 1993 to 2005 in a dermatology practice in Vancouver, British Columbia. Method: A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients with biopsy-confirmed NMSC between 1993 and 2005. Demographic and tumor characteristics were documented for the first two incident BCCs and SCCs per patient, and a descriptive data analysis was undertaken. Results: A total of 1,177 NMSCs were identified from 885 patient charts. The number of BCCs increased from 1993 to 2003 and then decreased until 2005. BCCs and SCCs were generally diagnosed in older people (60+ years); however, an important group of younger patients (20–39 years) was also diagnosed with BCCs. BCCs and SCCs were most commonly seen on the head and neck, but the leg was a common location for SCC in women. Conclusion: NMSC is prevalent in British Columbia. These results highlight the fact that NMSC can affect individuals younger than 40 years old. Prevention strategies are warranted to reduce the burden of NMSC in British Columbia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Mistry
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Cancer Agency, and Pacific Dermaesthetics, Vancouver, BC
| | - Zenaida Abanto
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Cancer Agency, and Pacific Dermaesthetics, Vancouver, BC
| | - Chris Bajdik
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Cancer Agency, and Pacific Dermaesthetics, Vancouver, BC
| | - Jason K. Rivers
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Cancer Agency, and Pacific Dermaesthetics, Vancouver, BC
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Andersson E, Paoli J, Wastensson G. Incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in coastal and inland areas of Western Sweden. Cancer Epidemiol 2011; 35:e69-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Treatment of facial Basal cell carcinoma: a review. J Skin Cancer 2011; 2011:380371. [PMID: 21773034 PMCID: PMC3135095 DOI: 10.1155/2011/380371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are locally destructive malignancies of
the skin. They are the most common type of cancer in the western
world. The lifetime incidence may be up to 39%. UV exposure is the
most common risk factor. The majority of these tumours occur on the
head and neck. Despite BCCs being relatively indolent the high
incidence means that their treatment now contributes a significant and
increasing workload for the health service. A good understanding of
the options available is important. Management decisions may be
influenced by various factors including the patient's age and
comorbidities and the lesion subtype and location. Due to the
importance of a good cosmetic and curative outcome for facial BCCs
treatment decisions may differ significantly to those that would be
made for BCCs arising elsewhere. There is little good randomized
controlled data available comparing treatment modalities. Although
traditionally standard excision has been the treatment of choice
various other options are available including: Mohs micrographic
surgery, curettage and cautery, cryosurgery, radiotherapy, topical
imiquimod, photodynamic therapy and topical 5-fluorouracil. We
discuss and review the literature and evidence base for the treatment
options that are currently available for facial BCCs.
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Dessinioti C, Tzannis K, Sypsa V, Nikolaou V, Kypreou K, Antoniou C, Katsambas A, Stratigos AJ. Epidemiologic risk factors of basal cell carcinoma development and age at onset in a Southern European population from Greece. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:622-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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