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Liu Z, Zhao N, Liang L, Li M, Nie X, Wang Y, Liu Q, Zhou Q, Shu P. Evaluation of the anti-aging potential of acetyl tripeptide-30 citrulline in cosmetics. Int J Pharm 2024:124557. [PMID: 39103061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Acetyl tripeptide-30 citrulline, a commercialized bio-active peptide, is widely used in anti-wrinkle formulations. Volunteer-based tests have demonstrated that topical application of products containing acetyl tripeptide-30 citrulline significantly reduces the visibility of stretch marks. However, there is still a lack of research dedicated to systematically and holistically evaluating its cosmetic properties and elucidating its mechanisms of action. In this study, we assessed the cosmetic potential of acetyl tripeptide-30 citrulline using human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (3 T3). Our findings reveal that acetyl tripeptide-30 citrulline exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in skin cells, particularly effective against the inflammatory markers cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the extent of inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production ranged from 95 % to 340 %. Moreover, acetyl tripeptide-30 citrulline specifically up-regulates Collagen IV and down-regulates matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), enhances the expression of skin barrier proteins transglutaminase 1 (TGM1) and filaggrin (FLG), thereby demonstrating its reparative capabilities. Additionally, acetyl tripeptide-30 citrulline increases the expression of the water channel protein aquaporin 3 (AQP3), thus improving skin hydration function. These results substantiate the previously proclaimed cosmetic attributes of acetyl tripeptide-30 citrulline and support its efficacy as an anti-aging agent in dermatological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- HBN Research Institute and Biological Laboratory, Shenzhen Hujia Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China.
| | - Nan Zhao
- HBN Research Institute and Biological Laboratory, Shenzhen Hujia Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Ling Liang
- HBN Research Institute and Biological Laboratory, Shenzhen Hujia Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Menggeng Li
- HBN Research Institute and Biological Laboratory, Shenzhen Hujia Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Nie
- HBN Research Institute and Biological Laboratory, Shenzhen Hujia Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- HBN Research Institute and Biological Laboratory, Shenzhen Hujia Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Qin Liu
- HBN Research Institute and Biological Laboratory, Shenzhen Hujia Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhou
- HBN Research Institute and Biological Laboratory, Shenzhen Hujia Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Shu
- HBN Research Institute and Biological Laboratory, Shenzhen Hujia Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China.
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2
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Snowball JM, Jarrold BB, DeAngelis Y, Li C, Rovito HA, Hare MC, Laughlin T, Evdokiou AL, Oblong JE. Integration of transcriptomics and spatial biology analyses reveals Galactomyces ferment filtrate promotes epidermal interconnectivity via induction of keratinocyte differentiation, proliferation and cellular bioenergetics. Int J Cosmet Sci 2024. [PMID: 38924095 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human skin is the first line of defence from environmental factors such as solar radiation and is susceptible to premature ageing, including a disruption in epidermal differentiation and homeostasis. We evaluated the impact of a Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate (GFF) on epidermal differentiation and response to oxidative stress. METHODS We used transcriptomics, both spatial and traditional, to assess the impact of GFF on epidermal biology and homeostasis in keratinocytes (primary or immortalized) and in ex vivo skin explant tissue. The effect of GFF on cell adhesion rates, cellular ATP levels and proliferation rates were quantitated. Oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic rates were measured under normal and stress-induced conditions. RESULTS Transcriptomics from keratinocytes and ex vivo skin explants from multiple donors show GFF induces keratinocyte differentiation, skin barrier development and cell adhesion while simultaneously repressing cellular stress and inflammatory related processes. Spatial transcriptomics profiling of ex vivo skin indicated basal keratinocytes at the epidermal-dermal junction and cornifying keratinocytes in the top layer of the epidermis as the primary cell types influenced by GFF treatment. Additionally, GFF significantly increases crosstalk between suprabasal and basal keratinocytes. To support these findings, we show that GFF can significantly increase cell adhesion and proliferation in keratinocytes. GFF also protected overall cellular bioenergetics under metabolic or oxidative stress conditions. CONCLUSION Our findings provide novel insights into cellular differences and epidermal spatial localization in response to GFF, supporting previous findings that this filtrate has a significant impact on epidermal biology and homeostasis, particularly on spatially defined crosstalk. We propose that GFF can help maintain epidermal health by enhancing keratinocyte crosstalk and differentiation/proliferation balance as well as promoting an enhanced response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chuiying Li
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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3
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Steinbinder J, Sachslehner AP, Holthaus KB, Eckhart L. Comparative genomics of sirenians reveals evolution of filaggrin and caspase-14 upon adaptation of the epidermis to aquatic life. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9278. [PMID: 38653760 PMCID: PMC11039687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The mammalian epidermis has evolved to protect the body in a dry environment. Genes of the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC), such as FLG (filaggrin), are implicated in the barrier function of the epidermis. Here, we investigated the molecular evolution of the EDC in sirenians (manatees and dugong), which have adapted to fully aquatic life, in comparison to the EDC of terrestrial mammals and aquatic mammals of the clade Cetacea (whales and dolphins). We show that the main subtypes of EDC genes are conserved or even duplicated, like late cornified envelope (LCE) genes of the dugong, whereas specific EDC genes have undergone inactivating mutations in sirenians. FLG contains premature stop codons in the dugong, and the ortholog of human CASP14 (caspase-14), which proteolytically processes filaggrin, is pseudogenized in the same species. As FLG and CASP14 have also been lost in whales, these mutations represent convergent evolution of skin barrier genes in different lineages of aquatic mammals. In contrast to the dugong, the manatee has retained functional FLG and CASP14 genes. FLG2 (filaggrin 2) is truncated in both species of sirenians investigated. We conclude that the land-to-water transition of sirenians was associated with modifications of the epidermal barrier at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Steinbinder
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Leopold Eckhart
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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4
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Yang F, Hu Y, Shi Z, Liu M, Hu K, Ye G, Pang Q, Hou R, Tang K, Zhu Y. The occurrence and development mechanisms of esophageal stricture: state of the art review. J Transl Med 2024; 22:123. [PMID: 38297325 PMCID: PMC10832115 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04932-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal strictures significantly impair patient quality of life and present a therapeutic challenge, particularly due to the high recurrence post-ESD/EMR. Current treatments manage symptoms rather than addressing the disease's etiology. This review concentrates on the mechanisms of esophageal stricture formation and recurrence, seeking to highlight areas for potential therapeutic intervention. METHODS A literature search was conducted through PUBMED using search terms: esophageal stricture, mucosal resection, submucosal dissection. Relevant articles were identified through manual review with reference lists reviewed for additional articles. RESULTS Preclinical studies and data from animal studies suggest that the mechanisms that may lead to esophageal stricture include overdifferentiation of fibroblasts, inflammatory response that is not healed in time, impaired epithelial barrier function, and multimethod factors leading to it. Dysfunction of the epithelial barrier may be the initiating mechanism for esophageal stricture. Achieving perfect in-epithelialization by tissue-engineered fabrication of cell patches has been shown to be effective in the treatment and prevention of esophageal strictures. CONCLUSION The development of esophageal stricture involves three stages: structural damage to the esophageal epithelial barrier (EEB), chronic inflammation, and severe fibrosis, in which dysfunction or damage to the EEB is the initiating mechanism leading to esophageal stricture. Re-epithelialization is essential for the treatment and prevention of esophageal stricture. This information will help clinicians or scientists to develop effective techniques to treat esophageal stricture in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Hu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Zewen Shi
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
- Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mujie Liu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Kefeng Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Pang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixia Hou
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Keqi Tang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yabin Zhu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China.
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Proper SP, Dwyer AT, Appiagyei A, Felton JM, Ben-Baruch Morgenstern N, Marlman JM, Kotliar M, Barski A, Troutman TD, Rothenberg ME, Mersha TB, Azouz NP. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and IL-13 signaling crosstalk in human keratinocytes and atopic dermatitis. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2024; 5:1323405. [PMID: 38344408 PMCID: PMC10853333 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1323405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an allergic skin disease mediated by skin barrier impairment and IL-13-driven immune response. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has shown promise in early clinical trials for AD; however, the mechanism by which AHR partially ameliorates AD is not well known. Methods Gene expression data from human biopsies were analyzed, and compared to gene expression from RNA-sequencing in our in-vitro HaCaT cell model system. Western blot, ELISA qRT-PCR were used to further explore the relationship between AHR and IL-13 signaling in HaCaT cells. Results The AHR target gene CYP1A1 was decreased in lesional skin compared with healthy control skin (p = 4.30 × 10-9). Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) demonstrated increased AHR expression (p < 1.0 × 10-4) and decreased CYP1A1 expression in lesional AD keratinocytes compared with healthy control keratinocytes (p < 0.001). Activation of AHR by AHR agonists in HaCaT cells reversed IL-13-dependent gene expression of several key genes in AD pathogenesis, most notably the eosinophil chemoattractant CCL26 (eotaxin-3). Differentially expressed genes in keratinocytes of patients with AD substantially overlapped with genes regulated by AHR agonists from HaCaT cells by RNAseq, but in reverse direction. Mechanistically, there was evidence for direct transcriptional effects of AHR; AHR binding motifs were identified in the differentially expressed genes from lesional AD keratinocytes compared to control keratinocytes, and AHR activation did not modify IL-13-dependent signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) translocation to the nucleus. Discussion Together, these data suggest that the AHR pathway is dysregulated in AD and that AHR modulates IL-13 downstream signaling in keratinocytes through genome-wide, transcriptional regulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Proper
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Alexander T Dwyer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Andrews Appiagyei
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jennifer M Felton
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | | | - Justin M Marlman
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Michael Kotliar
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Artem Barski
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ty D Troutman
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Tesfaye B Mersha
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Nurit P Azouz
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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6
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Duarte PM, Gurgel BCDV, Miranda TS, Sardenberg J, Gu T, Aukhil I. Distinctive genes and signaling pathways associated with type 2 diabetes-related periodontitis: Preliminary study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296925. [PMID: 38241313 PMCID: PMC10798476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The biological mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2DM)-related periodontitis remain unclear. This cross-sectional study evaluated the distinctive transcriptomic changes between tissues with periodontal health and with periodontitis in patients with T2DM. In this cross-sectional study, whole transcriptome sequencing was performed on gingival biopsies from non-periodontitis and periodontitis tissues from non-diabetic and diabetic patients. A differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) assessed the genes and signaling pathways associated with T2DM-related periodontitis. Immunohistochemistry was performed to validate selected DEGs possibly involved in T2DM-related periodontitis. Four hundred and twenty and one thousand five hundred and sixty-three DEGs (fold change ≥ 2) were uniquely identified in the diseased tissues of non-diabetic and diabetic patients, respectively. The IPA predicted the activation of Phagosome Formation, Cardiac β-adrenergic, tRNA Splicing, and PI3K/AKT pathways. The IPA also predicted the inhibition of Cholesterol Biosynthesis, Adrenomedullin, and Inositol Phosphate Compounds pathways in T2DM-related periodontitis. Validation of DEGs confirmed changes in protein expression of PTPN2, PTPN13, DHCR24, PIK3R2, CALCRL, IL1RN, IL-6R and ITGA4 in diseased tissues in diabetic subjects. Thus, these preliminary findings indicate that there are specific genes and functional pathways that may be involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM-related periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poliana Mendes Duarte
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | | | | | - Juliana Sardenberg
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Tongjun Gu
- ICBR Bioinformatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Ikramuddin Aukhil
- ECU School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States of America
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7
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Holthaus KB, Eckhart L. Development-Associated Genes of the Epidermal Differentiation Complex (EDC). J Dev Biol 2024; 12:4. [PMID: 38248869 PMCID: PMC10801484 DOI: 10.3390/jdb12010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) is a cluster of genes that encode protein components of the outermost layers of the epidermis in mammals, reptiles and birds. The development of the stratified epidermis from a single-layered ectoderm involves an embryo-specific superficial cell layer, the periderm. An additional layer, the subperiderm, develops in crocodilians and over scutate scales of birds. Here, we review the expression of EDC genes during embryonic development. Several EDC genes are expressed predominantly or exclusively in embryo-specific cell layers, whereas others are confined to the epidermal layers that are maintained in postnatal skin. The S100 fused-type proteins scaffoldin and trichohyalin are expressed in the avian and mammalian periderm, respectively. Scaffoldin forms the so-called periderm granules, which are histological markers of the periderm in birds. Epidermal differentiation cysteine-rich protein (EDCRP) and epidermal differentiation protein containing DPCC motifs (EDDM) are expressed in the avian subperiderm where they are supposed to undergo cross-linking via disulfide bonds. Furthermore, a histidine-rich epidermal differentiation protein and feather-type corneous beta-proteins, also known as beta-keratins, are expressed in the subperiderm. The accumulating evidence for roles of EDC genes in the development of the epidermis has implications on the evolutionary diversification of the skin in amniotes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leopold Eckhart
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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8
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CYSRT1: an antimicrobial epidermal protein that can interact with late cornified envelope (LCE) proteins. J Invest Dermatol 2023:S0022-202X(23)00085-4. [PMID: 36804407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Late cornified envelope (LCE) proteins are small cationic epidermal proteins with antimicrobial properties, and the combined deletion of LCE3B and LCE3C genes is a risk factor for psoriasis that affects skin microbiome composition. In a yeast two-hybrid screen we identified cysteine-rich tail 1 protein (CYSRT1) as an interacting partner of members of all LCE groups except LCE6. These interactions were confirmed in a mammalian cell system by co-immunoprecipitation. CYSRT1 is a protein of unknown function that is specifically expressed in cutaneous and oral epithelia and spatially colocalizes with LCE proteins in the upper layers of the suprabasal epidermis. Constitutive CYSRT1 expression is present in fully differentiated epidermis and can be further induced in vivo by disruption of the skin barrier upon stratum corneum removal. Transcriptional regulation correlates to keratinocyte terminal differentiation but not to skin bacteria exposure. Similar to LCEs, CYSRT1 was found to have antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Comparative gene sequence analysis and protein amino acid alignment indicates that CYSRT1 is highly conserved among vertebrates and has putative antimicrobial activity. To summarize, we identified CYSRT1 in the outer skin layer, where it colocalizes with LCE proteins and contributes to the constitutive epidermal antimicrobial host defense repertoire.
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9
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Grolleau C, Calugareanu A, Demouche S, Nosbaum A, Staumont-Sallé D, Aubert H, Cassius C, Jachiet M, Saussine A, Bagot M, Bachelez H, Battistella M, Hotz C, Du Thanh A, Crépy MN, Bergerat D, Merandet M, Onifarasoaniaina R, Alberdi A, How-Kit A, Bouaziz JD, Le-Buanec H. IL-4/IL-13 Inhibitors for Atopic Dermatitis Induce Psoriatic Rash Transcriptionally Close to Pustular Psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:711-721.e7. [PMID: 36610660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dupilumab is a therapeutic antibody targeting IL-4 and IL-13 receptor subunit alpha used for the treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Cases of psoriasis-like reactions induced under dupilumab treatment (dupilumab-induced psoriatic eruption [DI-Pso]) for AD were recently reported. To understand the pathogenesis of DI-Pso, we performed gene expression profiling studies on skin biopsies of DI-Pso (n = 7) compared with those of plaque psoriasis, AD, and healthy controls (n = 4 each). Differential gene expression was performed using enrichment and Gene Ontology analysis. Gene expression was validated by qPCR, and protein levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Transcriptomic and protein analysis of DI-Pso compared with that of healthy controls, plaque psoriasis, and AD skins revealed activation of T helper 17/IL-23 pathways associated with a significant expression of IL-36, surrogate marker of pustular psoriasis. By contrast, T helper 2 representative genes' expression was strongly decreased in DI-Pso across comparison. Matching analysis with public data of pustular psoriasis skin corroborated that DI-Pso and pustular psoriasis upstream regulators overlap, greater than the overlap with plaque psoriasis. Furthermore, DI-Pso showed strongly decreased expression of many barrier skin genes compared with healthy controls, plaque psoriasis, and AD. Our data indicate that the pathogenesis of DI-Pso relied on a shift of skin immune responses from a T helper 2 to an IL-36 and T helper 17 polarization and on intensified skin barrier alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Grolleau
- Dermatology Department, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France; Saint-Louis Research Institute, INSERM U976 - HIPI Unit, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Andreea Calugareanu
- Saint-Louis Research Institute, INSERM U976 - HIPI Unit, University of Paris, Paris, France; Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sarah Demouche
- Dermatology Department, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France; Saint-Louis Research Institute, INSERM U976 - HIPI Unit, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Nosbaum
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Staumont-Sallé
- Dermatology Department, U1286 Inserm Lille Inflammation Translational Research Institute, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Hélène Aubert
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Charles Cassius
- Dermatology Department, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France; Saint-Louis Research Institute, INSERM U976 - HIPI Unit, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marie Jachiet
- Dermatology Department, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Anne Saussine
- Dermatology Department, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Martine Bagot
- Dermatology Department, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Bachelez
- Dermatology Department, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France; Laboratory of Genetic of Skin Diseases, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Claire Hotz
- Dermatology Department, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Aurélie Du Thanh
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Crépy
- Dermatology Department, Paris University Hospital of Cochin, Paris, France
| | - David Bergerat
- Saint-Louis Research Institute, INSERM U976 - HIPI Unit, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marine Merandet
- Saint-Louis Research Institute, INSERM U976 - HIPI Unit, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Antonio Alberdi
- Technological Platerform of Saint- Louis Research Institute (IRSL), Saint-Louis Hospital, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre How-Kit
- Laboratory of Genomics, Foundation Jean Dausset (CEPH), Paris, France
| | - Jean-David Bouaziz
- Dermatology Department, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France; Saint-Louis Research Institute, INSERM U976 - HIPI Unit, University of Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Hélène Le-Buanec
- Saint-Louis Research Institute, INSERM U976 - HIPI Unit, University of Paris, Paris, France
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10
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Qiu Q, Deng J, Deng H, Yao D, Yan Y, Ye S, Shang X, Deng Y, Han L, Zheng G, Roy B, Chen Y, Han L, Huang R, Fang X, Lu C. Association of the characteristics of the blood metabolome and gut microbiome with the outcome of methotrexate therapy in psoriasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:937539. [PMID: 36159864 PMCID: PMC9491226 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.937539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic status and gut microecology are implicated in psoriasis. Methotrexate (MTX) is usually the first-line treatment for this disease. However, the relationship between MTX and host metabolic status and the gut microbiota is unclear. This study aimed to characterize the features of blood metabolome and gut microbiome in patients with psoriasis after treatment with MTX. Serum and stool samples were collected from 15 patients with psoriasis. Untargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and metagenomics sequencing were applied to profile the blood metabolome and gut microbiome, respectively. We found that the response to MTX varied according to metabolomic and metagenomic features at baseline; for example, patients who had high levels of serum nutrient molecular and more enriched gut microbiota had a poor response. After 16 weeks of MTX, we observed a reduction in microbial activity pathways, and patients with a good response showed more microbial activity and less biosynthesis of serum fatty acid. We also found an association between the serum metabolome and the gut microbiome before intervention with MTX. Carbohydrate metabolism, transporter systems, and protein synthesis within microbes were associated with host metabolic clusters of lipids, benzenoids, and organic acids. These findings suggest that the metabolic status of the blood and the gut microbiome is involved in the effectiveness of MTX in psoriasis, and that inhibition of symbiotic intestinal microbiota may be one of the mechanisms of action of MTX. Prospective studies in larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinwei Qiu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Deng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Deng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danni Yao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Yan
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyan Ye
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Shang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Deng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Han
- Department of Scientific Research, Kangmeihuada GeneTech Co., Ltd (KMHD), Shenzhen, China
| | - Guangjuan Zheng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Yang Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Han
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Runyue Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Runyue Huang, ; Xiaodong Fang, ; Chuanjian Lu,
| | - Xiaodong Fang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Runyue Huang, ; Xiaodong Fang, ; Chuanjian Lu,
| | - Chuanjian Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Runyue Huang, ; Xiaodong Fang, ; Chuanjian Lu,
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11
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Niehues H, van der Krieken DA, Ederveen THA, Jansen PAM, van Niftrik L, Mesman R, Netea MG, Smits JPH, Schalkwijk J, van den Bogaard EH, Zeeuwen PLJM. Antimicrobial late cornified envelope (LCE) proteins: the psoriasis risk factor LCE3B/C-del affects microbiota composition. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1947-1955.e6. [PMID: 34942199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Late cornified envelope (LCE) proteins are predominantly expressed in the skin and other cornified epithelia. Based on sequence similarity, this eighteen-member homologous gene family has been subdivided into six groups. The LCE3 proteins have been the focus of dermatological research, as the combined deletion of LCE3B and LCE3C genes (LCE3B/C-del) is a risk factor for psoriasis. We previously reported that LCE3B/C-del increases expression of the LCE3A gene and that LCE3 proteins exert antibacterial activity. In the current study we analyzed the antimicrobial properties of other family members and the role of LCE3B/C-del in modulation of microbiota composition of the skin and oral cavity. Differences in killing efficiency and specificity between the LCE proteins and their target microbes were found, and the amino acid content, rather than the order, of the well-conserved central domain of the LCE3A protein was found responsible for its antibacterial activity. In vivo, LCE3B/C-del correlated with a higher beta-diversity in the skin and oral microbiota. From these results we conclude that all LCE proteins possess antimicrobial activity. Tissue-specific and genotype-dependent antimicrobial protein profiles impact skin and oral microbiota composition, which could direct towards LCE3B/C-del associated dysbiosis and a possible role for microbiota in the pathophysiology of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Niehues
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Danique A van der Krieken
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas H A Ederveen
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, RIMLS, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick A M Jansen
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura van Niftrik
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Mesman
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, RIMLS, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jos P H Smits
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Schalkwijk
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen H van den Bogaard
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick L J M Zeeuwen
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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12
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Hamdy SM, Sayed ON, Ibrahim HA, Ayoub SE. Evaluation of serum long non-coding RNA (Gas5) level and keratinocyte transglutaminase 1 (TGM1) activity as novel biomarkers in psoriasis patients. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Morin S, Simard M, Flamand N, Pouliot R. Biological action of docosahexaenoic acid in a 3D tissue-engineered psoriatic skin model: Focus on the PPAR signaling pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159032. [PMID: 34428549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), and in particular docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have many beneficial metabolic effects, including reducing epidermal thickness in patients with psoriasis. The positive impacts of DHA in psoriasis could be mediated by its interactions with the PPAR signaling pathway, as well as by its secretion of anti-inflammatory bioactive metabolites, but the detailed metabolism is still not understood. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of DHA on the main features of psoriasis and its effects on the PPAR signaling pathway, in a psoriatic in vitro skin model. Healthy and psoriatic skin substitutes were produced according to the tissue-engineered self-assembly method, using culture media supplemented with 10 μM of DHA. The presence of DHA led to a reduction in the abnormal cell differentiation of psoriatic keratinocytes, seen in the increased expression of filaggrin and keratin 10. DHA was incorporated into the membrane phospholipids of the epidermis and transformed principally into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Furthermore, the addition of DHA into the culture medium led to a decrease in the levels of lipid mediators derived from n-6 PUFAs, mainly prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE). Finally, DHA supplementation rebalanced the expression of PPAR receptors and caused a decrease in the secretion of TNF-α. Altogether, our results show that DHA possesses the ability to attenuate the psoriatic characteristics of psoriatic skin substitutes, mostly by restoring epidermal cell differentiation and proliferation, as well as by reducing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Morin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1A4, Canada.
| | - Mélissa Simard
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1A4, Canada.
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Roxane Pouliot
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1A4, Canada.
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14
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Gene duplications and gene loss in the epidermal differentiation complex during the evolutionary land-to-water transition of cetaceans. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12334. [PMID: 34112911 PMCID: PMC8192740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91863-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Major protein components of the mammalian skin barrier are encoded by genes clustered in the Epidermal Differentiation Complex (EDC). The skin of cetaceans, i.e. whales, porpoises and dolphins, differs histologically from that of terrestrial mammals. However, the genetic regulation of their epidermal barrier is only incompletely known. Here, we investigated the EDC of cetaceans by comparative genomics. We found that important epidermal cornification proteins, such as loricrin and involucrin are conserved and subtypes of small proline-rich proteins (SPRRs) are even expanded in numbers in cetaceans. By contrast, keratinocyte proline rich protein (KPRP), skin-specific protein 32 (XP32) and late-cornified envelope (LCE) genes with the notable exception of LCE7A have been lost in cetaceans. Genes encoding proline rich 9 (PRR9) and late cornified envelope like proline rich 1 (LELP1) have degenerated in subgroups of cetaceans. These data suggest that the evolution of an aquatic lifestyle was accompanied by amplification of SPRR genes and loss of specific other epidermal differentiation genes in the phylogenetic lineage leading to cetaceans.
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15
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MMP-3 plays a major role in calcium pantothenate-promoted wound healing after fractional ablative laser treatment. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:887-894. [PMID: 33990899 PMCID: PMC8918166 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ablative fractional laser treatment leads to a loss of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) expression; therefore, in the present in vitro study, we addressed the role of MMP-3 and its regulation by calcium pantothenate in wound healing processes at the molecular level. Utilizing confocal laser microscopy, we investigated MMP-3 protein expression in fractional ablative CO2 laser-irradiated skin models. In addition, we established full-thickness 3D skin models using fibroblasts and keratinocytes with a MMP-3 knockdown that were irradiated with a fractional ablative Er:YAG laser to set superficial injuries with standardized dimensions and minimal thermal damage to the surrounding tissue. We revealed an upregulation of MMP-3 protein expression in laser-irradiated skin models receiving aftercare treatment with calcium pantothenate. Skin models with MMP-3 knockdown exhibited a slower wound closure after laser treatment compared to controls. Gene expression profiling detected an MMP-3 knockdown-dependent upregulation of cytokines and chemokines (e.g. IL-36B, CXCL17, IL-37, CXCL5), antimicrobial peptides (e.g., S100A7, S100A12), epidermal crosslinking enzymes (TGM5), and differentiation markers (e.g., LOR, KRT1, FLG2). We also detected a downregulation of cathepsin V and MMP-10, both of which play a prominent role in wound healing processes. After fractional ablative laser injury, an aftercare treatment with calcium pantothenate accelerated wound closure in MMP-3 expressing models faster than in MMP-3 knockdown models. Our data substantiate a major role of MMP-3 in wound healing processes after ablative laser treatments. For the first time, we could show that calcium pantothenate exerts its wound healing-promoting effects at least partly via MMP-3.
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Noninvasive Analysis Using Data-Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry: New Epidermal Proteins That Reveal Sex Differences in the Aging Process. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/8849328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of mass spectrometry has provided a method with extremely high sensitivity and selectivity that can be used to identify protein biomarkers. Epidermal proteins, lipids, and cornified envelopes are involved in the formation of the skin epidermal barrier. The epidermal protein composition changes with age. Therefore, quantitative proteomic changes may be indicative of skin aging. We sought to utilize data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry for noninvasive analysis of epidermal proteins in healthy Chinese individuals of different age groups and sexes. In our study, we completed high-throughput protein detection, analyzed protein differences with MaxQuant software, and performed statistical analyses of the proteome. We obtained interesting findings regarding ceruloplasmin (CP), which exhibited significant differences and is involved in ferroptosis, a signaling pathway significantly associated with aging. There were also several proteins that differed between sexes in the younger group, but the sex differences disappeared with aging. These proteins, which were associated with both aging processes and sex differences, are involved in signaling pathways such as apoptosis, oxidative stress, and genomic stability and can serve as candidate biomarkers for sex differences during aging. Our approach for noninvasive detection of epidermal proteins and its application to accurately quantify protein expression can provide ideas for future epidermal proteomics studies.
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17
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Visscher MO, Carr AN, Winget J, Huggins T, Bascom CC, Isfort R, Lammers K, Narendran V. Biomarkers of neonatal skin barrier adaptation reveal substantial differences compared to adult skin. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1208-1215. [PMID: 32599611 PMCID: PMC8119241 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-1035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to measure skin characteristics in premature (PT), late preterm (LPT), and full-term (FT) neonates compared with adults at two times (T1, T2). METHODS Skin samples of 61 neonates and 34 adults were analyzed for protein biomarkers, natural moisturizing factor (NMF), and biophysical parameters. Infant groups were: <34 weeks (PT), 34-<37 weeks (LPT), and ≥37 weeks (FT). RESULTS Forty proteins were differentially expressed in FT infant skin, 38 in LPT infant skin, and 12 in PT infant skin compared with adult skin at T1. At T2, 40 proteins were differentially expressed in FT infants, 38 in LPT infants, and 54 in PT infants compared with adults. All proteins were increased at both times, except TMG3, S100A7, and PEBP1, and decreased in PTs at T1. The proteins are involved in filaggrin processing, protease inhibition/enzyme regulation, and antimicrobial function. Eight proteins were decreased in PT skin compared with FT skin at T1. LPT and FT proteins were generally comparable at both times. Total NMF was lower in infants than adults at T1, but higher in infants at T2. CONCLUSIONS Neonates respond to the physiological transitions at birth by upregulating processes that drive the production of lower pH of the skin and water-binding NMF components, prevent protease activity leading to desquamation, and increase the barrier antimicrobial properties. IMPACT Neonates respond to the transitions at birth by upregulating processes that drive the production of lower pH of the skin and NMF, prevent protease activity leading to desquamation, and increase the antimicrobial properties of the barrier. The neonatal epidermal barrier exhibits a markedly different array of protein biomarkers both shortly after birth and 2-3 months later, which are differentially expressed versus adults. The major biomarker-functional classes included filaggrin processing, protease inhibitor/enzyme regulators, antimicrobials, keratins, lipids, and cathepsins. The findings will guide improvement of infant skin care practices, particularly for the most premature infants with the ultimate goals mitigating nosocomial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marty O. Visscher
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Andrew N. Carr
- grid.418758.70000 0004 1368 0092The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Jason Winget
- grid.418758.70000 0004 1368 0092The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Thomas Huggins
- grid.418758.70000 0004 1368 0092The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Charles C. Bascom
- grid.418758.70000 0004 1368 0092The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Robert Isfort
- grid.418758.70000 0004 1368 0092The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Karen Lammers
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Vivek Narendran
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
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18
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Lian N, Shi LQ, Hao ZM, Chen M. Research progress and perspective in metabolism and metabolomics of psoriasis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133:2976-2986. [PMID: 33237698 PMCID: PMC7752687 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Psoriasis is considered a systemic disease associated with metabolic abnormalities, and it is important to understand the mechanisms by which metabolism affects pathophysiological processes both holistically and systematically. Metabolites are closely related to disease phenotypes, especially in systemic diseases under multifactorial modulation. The emergence of metabolomics has provided information regarding metabolite changes in lesions and circulation and deepened our understanding of the association between metabolic reprogramming and psoriasis. Metabolomics has great potential for the development of effective biomarkers for clinical diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, prediction of the efficacy of psoriasis management, and further discovery of new metabolism-based therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Lian
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital for Skin Diseases (Institute of Dermatology), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical Collage, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
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19
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Zong J, Cheng J, Fu Y, Song J, Pan W, Yang L, Zhang T, Zhou M. Serum Metabolomic Profiling Reveals the Amelioration Effect of Methotrexate on Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis in Mouse. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:558629. [PMID: 33364938 PMCID: PMC7751755 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.558629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis mouse model has been used as a model for pathogenic mechanism research, and methotrexate (MTX) is widely employed to treat various clinical manifestations of psoriasis. We explored the underlying pathogenesis of psoriasis and the treatment mechanism of the conventional drugs from the metabolic perspective of the psoriasis mouse model. METHODS Male BALB/c mice were smeared IMQ for 7 days to induce treatment-resistant psoriasis and intragastrically administered 1 mg/kg MTX. We evaluated inflammation of psoriasis-like lesions and therapeutic effects of MTX based on histological changes and immunohistochemistry. Based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometer detection of serum samples, a comprehensive metabolomics analysis was carried out to identify alterations of metabolites. RESULTS It was found that MTX ameliorated psoriatic lesions (representative erythema, scaling, and thickening) by inhibiting proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes. Using multivariate statistical analysis to process metabolomics data, the results displayed alterations in serum metabolites among mice of the control group, IMQ group, and MTX group. Compared with group, psoriasis mice had the higher level of d-galactose and lower expression of myo-inositol, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, and cholesterol. In contrast with the model set, serum levels of glycine, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, d-galactose, and d-mannose were significantly decreased in the MTX group. CONCLUSION The differential metabolites, reflecting the perturbation in the pathways of inositol phosphate metabolism; galactose metabolism; glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; and glutathione metabolism, may lead to the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and they are also related to the pharmacological treatment effect of MTX on psoriasis. This study established the foundation for further research on the mechanism and therapeutic targets of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zong
- Murad Research Center for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieyi Cheng
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanfeng Fu
- Murad Research Center for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Song
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weisong Pan
- Guangzhou Institute for Drug Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Murad Research Center for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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20
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Letsiou S, Bakea A, Holefors A, Rembiesa J. In vitro protective effects of Paeonia mascula subsp. hellenica callus extract on human keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19213. [PMID: 33154501 PMCID: PMC7645794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural ingredients have been used to improve the state of health in humans. The genus Paeonia has been studied only limited yet it’s reported to have many activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. To this context, here we focused on an endemic Paeonia species in Attica. This study aims to present the development of the Paeonia mascula subsp. hellenica callus extract and its pleiotropic bioactivity on human primary keratinocytes exploring its potential application as an active agent in skin-related products. This extract showed a high scavenging activity with high phenolic content and an interesting metabolic profile. At a molecular level, the study on the transcript accumulation of genes revealed that this extract exhibits in vitro skin-related protection properties by mediating mitochondrial energy, cell proliferation, immune and inflammatory response and positively regulates genes involved in epidermal and in stratum corneum function. Besides, the extract is proven not skin irritant on reconstructed human skin model. These findings indicate that the specific P. mascula subsp. hellenica extract possesses significant in vitro protection activity on human epidermis and provides new insights into its beneficial role in skin confirming that the advent of biotechnology contribution the past few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Letsiou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Research and Development Department, APIVITA S.A., Industrial Park of Markopoulo Mesogaias, Markopoulo Attiki, 19003, Athens, Greece.
| | - Artemis Bakea
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Research and Development Department, APIVITA S.A., Industrial Park of Markopoulo Mesogaias, Markopoulo Attiki, 19003, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Holefors
- In Vitro Plant-Tech AB, Geijersg 4B, 21618, Limhamn, Sweden
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Teramura T, Nomura T. Acute skin barrier disruption alters the secretion of lamellar bodies via the multilayered expression of ABCA12. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 100:50-57. [PMID: 32873425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skin barrier consists of multiple lipid-enriched layers, which are characterized by lamellar repeated structures within the intercellular space. Sodium lauryl sulfate is a well-known substance that can disrupt the skin barrier. The mechanisms underlying the barrier repair process, especially the influence of topical sodium lauryl sulfate treatment on lipid transport in the barrier recovery phase, remain unresolved. OBJECTIVE To understand the process of reconstruction of the intercellular lipid layer of the skin after acute barrier disruption by sodium lauryl sulfate treatment in vivo. METHODS Female hairless mice were treated with 3 % sodium lauryl sulfate. Transepidermal water loss measurement, histopathological analysis, and gene expression analysis were performed from 1 to 288 h after the topical application of sodium lauryl sulfate. Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and transmission electron microscopy analysis were performed to examine the expression level of ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A, member 12 (ABCA12), and the secretion level of lamellar bodies. RESULTS We observed rapid hyper-keratinization at the stratum corneum and the subsequent concurrent secretion of lamellar bodies into the intercellular space of the stratum corneum during the process of skin barrier recovery. ABCA12 expression associated with lipid transportation into lamellar bodies was transiently upregulated and observed in multiple layers in the upper epidermis, especially in the stratum granulosum. CONCLUSION The skin reacts appropriately to maintain its barrier function by first initiating hyper-keratinization and then increasing lamellar body secretion. Activation of ABCA12 is an essential factor for the recovery of skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Teramura
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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Ishitsuka Y, Ogawa T, Roop D. The KEAP1/NRF2 Signaling Pathway in Keratinization. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E751. [PMID: 32823937 PMCID: PMC7465315 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinization is a tissue adaptation, but aberrant keratinization is associated with skin disorders such as ichthyoses, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and acne. The disease phenotype stems from the interaction between genes and the environment; therefore, an understanding of the adaptation machinery may lead to a new appreciation of pathomechanisms. The KEAP1/NRF2 signaling pathway mediates the environmental responses of squamous epithelial tissue. The unpredicted outcome of the Keap1-null mutation in mice allowed us to revisit the basic principle of the biological process of keratinization: sulfur metabolism establishes unparalleled cytoprotection in the body wall of terrestrial mammals. We summarize the recent understanding of the KEAP1/NRF2 signaling pathway, which is a thiol-based sensor-effector apparatus, with particular focuses on epidermal differentiation in the context of the gene-environment interaction, the structure/function principles involved in KEAP1/NRF2 signaling, lessons from mouse models, and their pathological implications. This synthesis may provide insights into keratinization, which provides physical insulation and constitutes an essential innate integumentary defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ishitsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan;
| | - Tatsuya Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan;
| | - Dennis Roop
- Department of Dermatology and Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
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Furue M. Regulation of Filaggrin, Loricrin, and Involucrin by IL-4, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-22, AHR, and NRF2: Pathogenic Implications in Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5382. [PMID: 32751111 PMCID: PMC7432778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an eczematous, pruritic skin disorder with extensive barrier dysfunction and elevated interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 signatures. The barrier dysfunction correlates with the downregulation of barrier-related molecules such as filaggrin (FLG), loricrin (LOR), and involucrin (IVL). IL-4 and IL-13 potently inhibit the expression of these molecules by activating signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)6 and STAT3. In addition to IL-4 and IL-13, IL-22 and IL-17A are probably involved in the barrier dysfunction by inhibiting the expression of these barrier-related molecules. In contrast, natural or medicinal ligands for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) are potent upregulators of FLG, LOR, and IVL expression. As IL-4, IL-13, IL-22, and IL-17A are all capable of inducing oxidative stress, antioxidative AHR agonists such as coal tar, glyteer, and tapinarof exert particular therapeutic efficacy for AD. These antioxidative AHR ligands are known to activate an antioxidative transcription factor, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2). This article focuses on the mechanisms by which FLG, LOR, and IVL expression is regulated by IL-4, IL-13, IL-22, and IL-17A. The author also summarizes how AHR and NRF2 dual activators exert their beneficial effects in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; ; Tel.: +81-92-642-5581; Fax: +81-92-642-5600
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Division of Skin Surface Sensing, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Lapsley CR, Irwin R, McLafferty M, Thursby SJ, O'Neill SM, Bjourson AJ, Walsh CP, Murray EK. Methylome profiling of young adults with depression supports a link with immune response and psoriasis. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:85. [PMID: 32539844 PMCID: PMC7477873 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00877-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently the leading cause of global disability, clinical depression is a heterogeneous condition characterised by low mood, anhedonia and cognitive impairments. Its growing incidence among young people, often co-occurring with self-harm, is of particular concern. We recently reported very high rates of depression among first year university students in Northern Ireland, with over 25% meeting the clinical criteria, based on DSM IV. However, the causes of depression in such groups remain unclear, and diagnosis is hampered by a lack of biological markers. The aim of this exploratory study was to examine DNA methylation patterns in saliva samples from individuals with a history of depression and matched healthy controls. RESULTS From our student subjects who showed evidence of a total lifetime major depressive event (MDE, n = 186) we identified a small but distinct subgroup (n = 30) with higher risk scores on the basis of co-occurrence of self-harm and attempted suicide. Factors conferring elevated risk included being female or non-heterosexual, and intrinsic factors such as emotional suppression and impulsiveness. Saliva samples were collected and a closely matched set of high-risk cases (n = 16) and healthy controls (n = 16) similar in age, gender and smoking status were compared. These showed substantial differences in DNA methylation marks across the genome, specifically in the late cornified envelope (LCE) gene cluster. Gene ontology analysis showed highly significant enrichment for immune response, and in particular genes associated with the inflammatory skin condition psoriasis, which we confirmed using a second bioinformatics approach. We then verified methylation gains at the LCE gene cluster at the epidermal differentiation complex and at MIR4520A/B in our cases in the laboratory, using pyrosequencing. Additionally, we found loss of methylation at the PSORSC13 locus on chromosome 6 by array and pyrosequencing, validating recent findings in brain tissue from people who had died by suicide. Finally, we could show that similar changes in immune gene methylation preceded the onset of depression in an independent cohort of adolescent females. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests an immune component to the aetiology of depression in at least a small subgroup of cases, consistent with the accumulating evidence supporting a relationship between inflammation and depression. Additionally, DNA methylation changes at key loci, detected in saliva, may represent a valuable tool for identifying at-risk subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coral R Lapsley
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, C-TRIC, Altnagelvin Hospital, Derry/Londonderry, UK
| | - Rachelle Irwin
- Genomics Medicine Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus, Coleraine, UK
| | - Margaret McLafferty
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, C-TRIC, Altnagelvin Hospital, Derry/Londonderry, UK.,School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus, Coleraine, UK
| | - Sara Jayne Thursby
- Genomics Medicine Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus, Coleraine, UK
| | - Siobhan M O'Neill
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus, Coleraine, UK
| | - Anthony J Bjourson
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, C-TRIC, Altnagelvin Hospital, Derry/Londonderry, UK
| | - Colum P Walsh
- Genomics Medicine Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus, Coleraine, UK
| | - Elaine K Murray
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, C-TRIC, Altnagelvin Hospital, Derry/Londonderry, UK.
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Molecular Mechanism of Epidermal Barrier Dysfunction as Primary Abnormalities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041194. [PMID: 32054030 PMCID: PMC7072774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal barrier integrity could be influenced by various factors involved in epidermal cell differentiation and proliferation, cell–cell adhesion, and skin lipids. Dysfunction of this barrier can cause skin disorders, including eczema. Inversely, eczema can also damage the epidermal barrier. These interactions through vicious cycles make the mechanism complicated in connection with other mechanisms, particularly immunologic responses. In this article, the molecular mechanisms concerning epidermal barrier abnormalities are reviewed in terms of the following categories: epidermal calcium gradients, filaggrin, cornified envelopes, desquamation, and skin lipids. Mechanisms linked to ichthyoses, atopic dermatitis without exacerbation or lesion, and early time of experimental irritation were included. On the other hand, the mechanism associated with epidermal barrier abnormalities resulting from preceding skin disorders was excluded. The molecular mechanism involved in epidermal barrier dysfunction has been mostly episodic. Some mechanisms have been identified in cultured cells or animal models. Nonetheless, research into the relationship between the causative molecules has been gradually increasing. Further evidence-based systematic data of target molecules and their interactions would probably be helpful for a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the dysfunction of the epidermal barrier.
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Progression of acute-to-chronic atopic dermatitis is associated with quantitative rather than qualitative changes in cytokine responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 145:1406-1415. [PMID: 31891686 PMCID: PMC7214216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although multiple studies have assessed molecular changes in chronic atopic dermatitis (AD) lesions, little is known about the transition from acute to chronic disease stages, and the factors and mechanisms that shape chronic inflammatory activity. OBJECTIVES We sought to assess the global transcriptome changes that characterize the progression from acute to chronic stages of AD. METHODS We analyzed transcriptome changes in paired nonlesional skin, acute and chronic AD lesions from 11 patients and 38 healthy controls by RNA-sequencing, and conducted in vivo and histological assays to evaluate findings. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that approximately 74% of the genes dysregulated in acute lesions remain or are further dysregulated in chronic lesions, whereas only 34% of the genes dysregulated in chronic lesions are altered already in the acute stage. Nonlesional AD skin exhibited enrichment of TNF, TH1, TH2, and TH17 response genes. Acute lesions showed marked dendritic-cell signatures and a prominent enrichment of TH1, TH2, and TH17 responses, along with increased IL-36 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression, which were further heightened in chronic lesions. In addition, genes involved in skin barrier repair, keratinocyte proliferation, wound healing, and negative regulation of T-cell activation showed a significant dysregulation in the chronic versus acute comparison. Furthermore, our data show progressive changes in vasculature and maturation of dendritic-cell subsets with chronicity, with FOXK1 acting as immune regulator. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the changes accompanying the transition from nonlesional to acute to chronic inflammation in AD are quantitative rather than qualitative, with chronic AD having heightened TH2, TH1, TH17, and IL36 responses and skin barrier repair mechanisms. These findings provide novel insights and highlight underappreciated pathways in AD pathogenesis that may be amenable to therapeutic targeting.
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27
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Rahrig S, Dettmann JM, Brauns B, Lorenz VN, Buhl T, Kezic S, Elias PM, Weidinger S, Mempel M, Schön MP, Braun A. Transient epidermal barrier deficiency and lowered allergic threshold in filaggrin-hornerin (FlgHrnr -/- ) double-deficient mice. Allergy 2019; 74:1327-1339. [PMID: 30828807 DOI: 10.1111/all.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Filaggrin (Flg) and hornerin (Hrnr) share similar structural and functional features. Both proteins have been implicated as essential proteins for skin barrier maintenance. Loss-of-function mutations of these genes constitute a risk factor for atopic dermatitis and eczema-related asthma. Furthermore, both FLG and HRNR protein levels are downregulated in patients with atopic dermatitis. Thus, mice deficient for Flg and Hrnr provide a novel model to study skin barrier impairment and the susceptibility for cutaneous inflammation. METHODS By using appropriate targeting vectors and breeding strategies, we established a homozygous FlgHrnr double-deficient (FlgHrnr-/- ) mouse model lacking both genes including the intergenomic sequence. RESULTS Neonates appeared normal, but developed a transient scaly phenotype with overall flaky appearance, but no overt skin phenotype in adulthood, thereby reflecting a subclinical barrier defect seen in humans. Structurally, FlgHrnr-/- mice displayed a markedly reduced granular layer and a condensed cornified layer. Functionally, FlgHrnr-/- mice showed permeability abnormalities and metabolic aberrations regarding the production of natural moisturizing factors (NMFs) in the stratum corneum. Surprisingly, although the immune system revealed no aberrations under steady-state conditions, FlgHrnr-/- mice are predisposed to mount an allergic contact dermatitis, especially at hapten threshold levels eliciting allergic reactions. CONCLUSIONS Together, our FlgHrnr-/- mouse model nicely reflects the epicutaneous sensitization susceptibilities and inflammatory reactions to environmental insults in humans with impaired skin barrier functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rahrig
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology University Medical Center, Georg August University Göttingen Germany
| | - Judith M. Dettmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology University Medical Center, Georg August University Göttingen Germany
| | - Birka Brauns
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology University Medical Center Rostock Germany
| | - Verena N. Lorenz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology University Medical Center, Georg August University Göttingen Germany
| | - Timo Buhl
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology University Medical Center, Georg August University Göttingen Germany
| | - Sanja Kezic
- Academic Medical Center Coronel Institute of Occupational Health Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Peter M. Elias
- Department of Dermatology University of California San Francisco California
| | - Stephan Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy University Hospital Schleswig‐Holstein Kiel Germany
| | - Martin Mempel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology University Medical Center, Georg August University Göttingen Germany
- Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology University Medical Center Göttingen and University of Osnabrück Göttingen Germany
| | - Michael P. Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology University Medical Center, Georg August University Göttingen Germany
- Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology University Medical Center Göttingen and University of Osnabrück Göttingen Germany
| | - Andrea Braun
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology University Medical Center, Georg August University Göttingen Germany
- Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology University Medical Center Göttingen and University of Osnabrück Göttingen Germany
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Long-term expansion and differentiation of adult murine epidermal stem cells in 3D organoid cultures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:14630-14638. [PMID: 31253707 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715272116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian epidermal stem cells maintain homeostasis of the skin epidermis and contribute to its regeneration throughout adult life. While 2D mouse epidermal stem cell cultures have been established decades ago, a long-term, feeder cell- and serum-free culture system recapitulating murine epidermal architecture has not been available. Here we describe an epidermal organoid culture system that allows long-term, genetically stable expansion of adult epidermal stem cells. Our epidermal expansion media combines atypically high calcium concentrations, activation of cAMP, FGF, and R-spondin signaling with inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. Organoids are established robustly from adult mouse skin and expand over at least 6 mo, while maintaining the basal-apical organization of the mouse interfollicular epidermis. The system represents a powerful tool to study epidermal homeostasis and disease in vitro.
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Zhang X, Wang D, Dongye M, Zhu Y, Chen C, Wang R, Long E, Liu Z, Wu X, Lin D, Chen J, Lin Z, Wang J, Li W, Li Y, Li D, Lin H. Loss-of-function mutations in FREM2 disrupt eye morphogenesis. Exp Eye Res 2019; 181:302-312. [PMID: 30802441 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cryptophthalmos is a rare congenital disorder characterized by ocular dysplasia with eyelid malformation. Complete cryptophthalmos is characterized by the presence of continuous skin from the forehead over the eyes and onto the cheek, along with complete fusion of the eyelids. In the present study, we characterized the clinical manifestations of three patients with isolated bilateral cryptophthalmos. These patients shared the same c.6499C > T missense mutation in the FRAS1-related extracellular matrix protein 2 (FREM2) gene, while each individual presented an additional nonsense mutation in the same gene (Patient #1, c.2206C > T; Patient #2, c.5309G > A; and Patient #3, c.4063C > T). Then, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate mice carrying Frem2R725X/R2156W compound heterozygous mutations, and showed that these mice recapitulated the human isolated cryptophthalmos phenotype. We detected FREM2 expression in the outer plexiform layer of the retina for the first time in the cryptophthalmic eyes, and the levels were comparable to the wild-type mice. Moreover, a set of different expressed genes that may contribute secondarily to the phenotypes were identified by performing RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of the fetal Frem2 mutant mice. Our findings extend the spectrum of FREM2 mutations, and provide insights into opportunities for the prenatal diagnosis of isolated cryptophthalmos. Furthermore, our work highlights the importance of the FREM2 protein during the development of eyelids and the anterior segment of the eyeballs, establishes a suitable animal model for studying epithelial reopening during eyelid development and serves as a valuable reference for further mechanistic studies of the pathogenesis of isolated cryptophthalmos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Dongni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Meimei Dongye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ruixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Erping Long
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiaohang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Duoru Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhuoling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wangting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Haotian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Transglutaminase 3 contributes to malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia to cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 104:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Wu B, Gong X, Kennedy WA, Brooks JD. Identification of transcripts associated with renal damage due to ureteral obstruction as candidate urinary biomarkers. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F16-F26. [PMID: 29488389 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00382.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal obstruction is a common cause of renal failure in adults and children and is suspected when hydronephrosis is detected on imaging. Because not all cases of hydronephrosis are associated with renal damage, biomarkers are needed to guide intervention to relieve obstruction. We performed gene expression profiling on the kidneys from adult mice over a detailed time course after obstruction and compared these data with a neonatal model of bilateral high-grade obstruction induced by conditional deletion of the calcineurin β1 gene. Having identified a set of 143 transcripts modulated in both adult and neonatal obstruction, we tested their expression in a model of short-term obstruction (1 day), where renal damage is transient and reversible, and long-term obstruction (5 days), where significant renal damage is permanent. A significant number of transcripts increased early after obstruction, and later normalized, while 26 transcripts remained elevated 10 and 28 days after relief of 5 days of ureteral obstruction. With the use of qPCR, elevated levels of several of these candidate RNA biomarkers of renal damage were detected in urine from obstructed mice. In addition, several of these candidate RNA biomarkers of damage resulting from obstruction were detectable in catheterized urine samples from children undergoing surgery for ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Measurement of urinary transcripts modulated in response to renal obstruction could serve as biomarkers of renal damage with important clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- Department of Urology, Stanford University , Stanford, California
| | - Xue Gong
- Department of Urology, Stanford University , Stanford, California
| | | | - James D Brooks
- Department of Urology, Stanford University , Stanford, California
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Larrieta-Carrasco E, Flores YN, Macías-Kauffer LR, Ramírez-Palacios P, Quiterio M, Ramírez-Salazar EG, León-Mimila P, Rivera-Paredez B, Cabrera-Álvarez G, Canizales-Quinteros S, Zhang ZF, López-Pérez TV, Salmerón J, Velázquez-Cruz R. Genetic variants in COL13A1, ADIPOQ and SAMM50, in addition to the PNPLA3 gene, confer susceptibility to elevated transaminase levels in an admixed Mexican population. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 104:50-58. [PMID: 29307798 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the accumulation of extra fat in liver cells not caused by alcohol. Elevated transaminase levels are common indicators of liver disease, including NAFLD. Previously, we demonstrated that PNPLA3 (rs738409), LYPLAL1 (rs12137855), PPP1R3B (rs4240624), and GCKR (rs780094) are associated with elevated transaminase levels in overweight/obese Mexican adults. We investigated the association between 288 SNPs identified in genome-wide association studies and risk of elevated transaminase levels in an admixed Mexican-Mestizo sample of 178 cases of NAFLD and 454 healthy controls. The rs2896019, rs12483959, and rs3810622 SNPs in PNPLA3 and rs1227756 in COL13A1 were associated with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT, ≥40IU/L). A polygenic risk score (PRS) based on six SNPs in the ADIPOQ, COL13A1, PNPLA3, and SAMM50 genes was also associated with elevated ALT. Individuals carrying 9-12 risk alleles had 65.8% and 48.5% higher ALT and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, respectively, than those with 1-4 risk alleles. The PRS showed the greatest risk of elevated ALT levels, with a higher level of significance than the individual variants. Our findings suggest a significant association between variants in COL13A1, ADIPOQ, SAMM50, and PNPLA3, and risk of NAFLD/elevated transaminase levels in Mexican adults with an admixed ancestry. This is the first study to examine high-density single nucleotide screening for genetic variations in a Mexican-Mestizo population. The extent of the effect of these variations on the development and progression of NAFLD in Latino populations requires further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Larrieta-Carrasco
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yvonne N Flores
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Blvd. Benito Juárez No. 31 Col. Centro, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; UCLA Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity, Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Luis R Macías-Kauffer
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paula Ramírez-Palacios
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Blvd. Benito Juárez No. 31 Col. Centro, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Manuel Quiterio
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Eric G Ramírez-Salazar
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)-Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, México
| | - Paola León-Mimila
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Berenice Rivera-Paredez
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Blvd. Benito Juárez No. 31 Col. Centro, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Cabrera-Álvarez
- Clínica de Hígado, IMSS Hospital General Regional UMF, 1, Av. Plan de Ayala S/N, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- UCLA Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tania V López-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Salmerón
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Blvd. Benito Juárez No. 31 Col. Centro, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico.
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Ramakrishnan VR, Gonzalez JR, Cooper SE, Barham HP, Anderson CB, Larson ED, Cool CD, Diller JD, Jones K, Kinnamon SC. RNA sequencing and pathway analysis identify tumor necrosis factor alpha driven small proline-rich protein dysregulation in chronic rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2017; 31:283-288. [PMID: 28859701 PMCID: PMC5590176 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2017.31.4457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous inflammatory disorder in which many pathways contribute to end-organ disease. Small proline-rich proteins (SPRR) are polypeptides that have recently been shown to contribute to epithelial biomechanical properties relevant in T-helper type 2 inflammation. There is evidence that genetic polymorphism in SPRR genes may predict the development of asthma in children with atopy and, correlatively, that expression of SPRRs is increased under allergic conditions, which leads to epithelial barrier dysfunction in atopic disease. METHODS RNAs from uncinate tissue specimens from patients with CRS and control subjects were compared by RNA sequencing by using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (n = 4 each), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (n = 15). A separate cohort of archived sinus tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry (n = 19). RESULTS A statistically significant increase of SPRR expression in CRS sinus tissue was identified that was not a result of atopic presence. SPRR1 and SPRR2A expressions were markedly increased in patients with CRS (p < 0.01) on RNA sequencing, with confirmation by using real-time PCR. Immunohistochemistry of archived surgical samples demonstrated staining of SPRR proteins within squamous epithelium of both groups. Pathway analysis indicated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha as a master regulator of the SPRR gene products. CONCLUSION Expression of SPRR1 and of SPRR2A is increased in mucosal samples from patients with CRS and appeared as a downstream result of TNF alpha modulation, which possibly resulted in epithelial barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay R. Ramakrishnan
- From the Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Joseph R. Gonzalez
- From the Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sarah E. Cooper
- From the Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Henry P. Barham
- From the Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Catherine B. Anderson
- Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Eric D. Larson
- Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Carlyne D. Cool
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, and
| | - John D. Diller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kenneth Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sue C. Kinnamon
- From the Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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Yang PP, Peng J, Wu YY, Liu Z, Sheng P, Zhou Y, Li SJ, Fan YM. Immunohistochemical evaluation of epidermal proliferation, differentiation and melanocytic density in symmetrical acrokeratoderma. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 42:509-515. [PMID: 28543665 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symmetrical acrokeratoderma (SAK) is characterized by brown to black hyperkeratotic patches on acral regions. Although epidermal hyperkeratosis and acanthosis are consistent pathological changes, the nature of epidermal hyperplasia is unknown. AIM To evaluate epidermal proliferation and differentiation and melanocytic density in skin lesions of SAK. METHODS Expression of keratin 10 (K10), K14, K16, involucrin, filaggrin, Ki-67, and Melan-A was detected by immunohistochemistry in eight patients with SAK, seven patients with ichthyosis vulgaris (IV) and six healthy controls (HCs). RESULTS Expression of K14, K16, involucrin and filaggrin was upregulated in patients with SAK compared with patients with IV and the HCs (P < 0.01-0.05), but K10 expression was similar for the three groups (P > 0.05). Numbers of Ki-67+ and Melan-A+ cells were higher in patients with SAK than in patients with IV and the HCs (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that excessive keratinocyte proliferation and abnormal differentiation contribute to epidermal hyperplasia, while melanocytic proliferation is responsible for the pigmented lesions in SAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-P Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - J Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Y-Y Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Z Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - P Sheng
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - S-J Li
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Y-M Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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Yan J. Identifying biomarkers in human psoriasis: revealed by a systems metabolomics approach. Br J Dermatol 2017; 176:555-557. [PMID: 28300304 PMCID: PMC5356491 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Yan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, U.S.A
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Boutrand LB, Thépot A, Muther C, Boher A, Robic J, Guéré C, Vié K, Damour O, Lamartine J. Repeated short climatic change affects the epidermal differentiation program and leads to matrix remodeling in a human organotypic skin model. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2017; 10:43-50. [PMID: 28243135 PMCID: PMC5315211 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s120800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human skin is subject to frequent changes in ambient temperature and humidity and needs to cope with these environmental modifications. To decipher the molecular response of human skin to repeated climatic change, a versatile model of skin equivalent subject to “hot–wet” (40°C, 80% relative humidity [RH]) or “cold–dry” (10°C, 40% RH) climatic stress repeated daily was used. To obtain an exhaustive view of the molecular mechanisms elicited by climatic change, large-scale gene expression DNA microarray analysis was performed and modulated function was determined by bioinformatic annotation. This analysis revealed several functions, including epidermal differentiation and extracellular matrix, impacted by repeated variations in climatic conditions. Some of these molecular changes were confirmed by histological examination and protein expression. Both treatments (hot–wet and cold–dry) reduced the expression of genes encoding collagens, laminin, and proteoglycans, suggesting a profound remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Strong induction of the entire family of late cornified envelope genes after cold–dry exposure, confirmed at protein level, was also observed. These changes correlated with an increase in epidermal differentiation markers such as corneodesmosin and a thickening of the stratum corneum, indicating possible implementation of defense mechanisms against dehydration. This study for the first time reveals the complex pattern of molecular response allowing adaption of human skin to repeated change in its climatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charlotte Muther
- CNRS UMR5305, Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), Lyon
| | | | | | | | | | - Odile Damour
- Banque de Tissus et Cellules, Hospices Civiles de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Lamartine
- Departement de Biologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I; CNRS UMR5305, Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), Lyon
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Deimination of Human Hornerin Enhances its Processing by Calpain-1 and its Cross-Linking by Transglutaminases. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:422-429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Serezani APM, Bozdogan G, Sehra S, Walsh D, Krishnamurthy P, Potchanant EAS, Nalepa G, Goenka S, Turner MJ, Spandau DF, Kaplan MH. IL-4 impairs wound healing potential in the skin by repressing fibronectin expression. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:142-151.e5. [PMID: 27554818 PMCID: PMC5222746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by intense pruritis and is a common childhood inflammatory disease. Many factors are known to affect AD development, including the pleiotropic cytokine IL-4. Yet little is known regarding the direct effects of IL-4 on keratinocyte function. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS In this report RNA sequencing and functional assays were used to define the effect of the allergic environment on primary keratinocyte function and wound repair in mice. RESULTS Acute or chronic stimulation by IL-4 modified expression of more than 1000 genes expressed in human keratinocytes that are involved in a broad spectrum of nonoverlapping functions. Among the IL-4-induced changes, repression of fibronectin critically impaired the human keratinocyte wound response. Moreover, in mouse models of spontaneous and induced AD-like lesions, there was delayed re-epithelialization. Importantly, topical treatment with fibronectin restored the epidermal repair response. CONCLUSION Keratinocyte gene expression is critically shaped by IL-4, altering cell fate decisions, which are likely important for the clinical manifestations and pathology of allergic skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana PM Serezani
- Department of Pediatrics, H.B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gunseli Bozdogan
- Department of Pediatrics, H.B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sarita Sehra
- Department of Pediatrics, H.B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Daniel Walsh
- Department of Pediatrics, H.B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Purna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pediatrics, H.B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Sierra Potchanant
- Department of Pediatrics, H.B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Bone Marrow Failure Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Grzegorz Nalepa
- Department of Pediatrics, H.B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Bone Marrow Failure Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Shreevrat Goenka
- Department of Pediatrics, H.B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Matthew J Turner
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Dan F Spandau
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, H.B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Kang H, Li X, Zhou Q, Quan C, Xue F, Zheng J, Yu Y. Exploration of candidate biomarkers for human psoriasis based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry serum metabolomics. Br J Dermatol 2016; 176:713-722. [PMID: 27564527 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Kang
- School of Pharmacy; Fudan University; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - X. Li
- Department of Dermatology; Ruijin Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Q. Zhou
- School of Pharmacy; Fudan University; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - C. Quan
- Department of Dermatology; Ruijin Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200025 China
| | - F. Xue
- Department of Dermatology; Ruijin Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200025 China
| | - J. Zheng
- Department of Dermatology; Ruijin Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Y. Yu
- School of Pharmacy; Fudan University; Shanghai 201203 China
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Haas K, Weighardt H, Deenen R, Köhrer K, Clausen B, Zahner S, Boukamp P, Bloch W, Krutmann J, Esser C. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Keratinocytes Is Essential for Murine Skin Barrier Integrity. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:2260-2269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.06.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abstract
Recent studies about the cutaneous barrier demonstrated consistent evidence that
the stratum corneum is a metabolically active structure and also has adaptive
functions, may play a regulatory role in the inflammatory response with
activation of keratinocytes, angiogenesis and fibroplasia, whose intensity
depends primarily on the intensity the stimulus. There are few studies
investigating the abnormalities of the skin barrier in rosacea, but the existing
data already show that there are changes resulting from inflammation, which can
generate a vicious circle caused a prolongation of flare-ups and worsening of
symptoms. This article aims to gather the most relevant literature data about
the characteristics and effects of the state of the skin barrier in rosacea.
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Ahuja SK, Manoharan MS, Harper NL, Jimenez F, Hobson BD, Martinez H, Ingale P, Liu YG, Carrillo A, Lou Z, Kellog DL, Ahuja SS, Rather CG, Esch RE, Ramirez DA, Clark RA, Nadeau K, Andrews CP, Jacobs RL, He W. Preservation of epithelial cell barrier function and muted inflammation in resistance to allergic rhinoconjunctivitis from house dust mite challenge. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:844-854. [PMID: 27658763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An emerging paradigm holds that resistance to the development of allergic diseases, including allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, relates to an intact epithelial/epidermal barrier during early childhood. Conceivably, the immunologic and genomic footprint of this resistance is preserved in nonatopic, nonallergic adults and is unmasked during exposure to an aeroallergen. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to obtain direct support of the epithelial/epidermal barrier model for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. METHODS Twenty-three adults allergic to house dust mites (HDMs) (M+) and 15 nonsensitive, nonallergic (M-) participants completed 3-hour exposures to aerosolized HDM (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) powder on 4 consecutive days in an allergen challenge chamber. We analyzed: (1) peripheral blood leukocyte levels and immune responses; and (2) RNA sequencing-derived expression profiles of nasal cells, before and after HDM exposure. RESULTS On HDM challenge: (1) only M+ persons developed allergic rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms; and (2) peripheral blood leukocyte levels/responses and gene expression patterns in nasal cells were largely concordant between M+ and M- participants; gross differences in these parameters were not observed at baseline (pre-exposure). Two key differences were observed. First, peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation levels initially decreased in M- participants versus increased in M+ participants. Second, in M- compared with M+ participants, genes that promoted epidermal/epithelial barrier function (eg, filament-aggregating protein [filaggrin]) versus inflammation (eg, chemokines) and innate immunity (interferon) were upregulated versus muted, respectively. CONCLUSION An imprint of resistance to HDM challenge in nonatopic, nonallergic adults was muted T-cell activation in the peripheral blood and inflammatory response in the nasal compartment, coupled with upregulation of genes that promote epidermal/epithelial cell barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Ahuja
- Veterans Administration Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Tex; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex.
| | - Muthu Saravanan Manoharan
- Veterans Administration Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Tex; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex
| | - Nathan L Harper
- Veterans Administration Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Tex; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex; Foundation for Advancing Veterans' Health Research, San Antonio, Tex
| | - Fabio Jimenez
- Veterans Administration Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Tex; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex; Foundation for Advancing Veterans' Health Research, San Antonio, Tex
| | - Benjamin D Hobson
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy Research, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Hernan Martinez
- Veterans Administration Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Tex; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex; Foundation for Advancing Veterans' Health Research, San Antonio, Tex
| | - Puraskar Ingale
- Veterans Administration Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Tex; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex
| | - Ya-Guang Liu
- Veterans Administration Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Tex; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex
| | - Andrew Carrillo
- Veterans Administration Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Tex; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex
| | - Zheng Lou
- Veterans Administration Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Tex; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex
| | - Dean L Kellog
- Veterans Administration Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Tex; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex
| | - Seema S Ahuja
- Veterans Administration Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Tex; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex
| | | | - Robert E Esch
- School of Natural Sciences, Lenoir-Rhyne University, Hickory, NC
| | | | - Robert A Clark
- Veterans Administration Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Tex; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy Research, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford Hospital, Stanford, Calif
| | | | | | - Weijing He
- Veterans Administration Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Tex; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex
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Cubillos S, Norgauer J. Low vitamin D-modulated calcium-regulating proteins in psoriasis vulgaris plaques: S100A7 overexpression depends on joint involvement. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1083-92. [PMID: 27573000 PMCID: PMC5029959 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease with or without joint involvement. In this disease, the thickened epidermis and impaired barrier are associated with altered calcium gradients. Calcium and vitamin D are known to play important roles in keratinocyte differentiation and bone metabolism. Intracellular calcium is regulated by calcium-sensing receptor (CASR), calcium release-activated calcium modulator (ORAI) and stromal interaction molecule (STIM). Other proteins modulated by vitamin D play important roles in calcium regulation e.g., calbindin 1 (CALB1) and transient receptor potential cation channel 6 (TRPV6). In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression of calcium-regulating proteins in the plaques of patients with psoriasis vulgaris with or without joint inflammation. We confirmed low calcium levels, keratinocyte hyperproliferation and an altered epidermal barrier. The CASR, ORAI1, ORAI3, STIM1, CALB1 and TRPV6 mRNA, as well as the sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1-α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) protein levels were low in the plaques of patients with psoriasis. We demonstrated S100 calcium-binding protein A7 (S100A7) overexpression in the plaques of patients with psoriasis vulgaris with joint inflammation, compared with those without joint involvement. We suggest an altered capacity to regulate the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), characterized by a reduced expression of CASR, ORAI1, ORAI3, STIM1, CALB1 and TRPV6 associated with diminished levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], which may be associated with an altered balance between keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation in the psoriatic epidermis. Additionally, differences in S100A7 expression depend on the presence of joint involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cubillos
- Department of Dermatology, Jena University Hospital, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes Norgauer
- Department of Dermatology, Jena University Hospital, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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Analysis on transglutaminase 1 and its substrates using specific substrate peptide in cultured keratinocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:343-348. [PMID: 27416753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transglutaminase (TGase) catalyzes protein cross-linking reactions essential for several biological processes. In differentiating keratinocytes, TG1 (keratinocyte-type) is crucial for the cross-linking of substrate proteins required for the complete formation of the cornified envelop, a proteinaceous supermolecule located in the outermost layer of the epidermis. TG1 expressions and its substrate were induced in cultured keratinocytes at differentiation-stage specific manner. In the cultured keratinocytes, we used the TG1-specific substrate peptide, which enables the specific detection of enzymatic activity to investigate its induction patterns. As a further application of the substrate peptide, several substrate candidates of TG1 that may be essential for cornified envelope formation were identified and characterized.
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45
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Involvement of Kallikrein-Related Peptidases in Normal and Pathologic Processes. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:946572. [PMID: 26783378 PMCID: PMC4689925 DOI: 10.1155/2015/946572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are a subgroup of serine proteases that participate in proteolytic pathways and control protein levels in normal physiology as well as in several pathological conditions. Their complex network of stimulatory and inhibitory interactions may induce inflammatory and immune responses and contribute to the neoplastic phenotype through the regulation of several cellular processes, such as proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion. This family of proteases, which includes one of the most useful cancer biomarkers, kallikrein-related peptidase 3 or PSA, also has a protective effect against cancer promoting apoptosis or counteracting angiogenesis and cell proliferation. Therefore, they represent attractive therapeutic targets and may have important applications in clinical oncology. Despite being intensively studied, many gaps in our knowledge on several molecular aspects of KLK functions still exist. This review aims to summarize recent data on their involvement in different processes related to health and disease, in particular those directly or indirectly linked to the neoplastic process.
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Birse K, Arnold KB, Novak RM, McCorrister S, Shaw S, Westmacott GR, Ball TB, Lauffenburger DA, Burgener A. Molecular Signatures of Immune Activation and Epithelial Barrier Remodeling Are Enhanced during the Luteal Phase of the Menstrual Cycle: Implications for HIV Susceptibility. J Virol 2015; 89:8793-805. [PMID: 26085144 PMCID: PMC4524071 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00756-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The variable infectivity and transmissibility of HIV/SHIV has been recently associated with the menstrual cycle, with particular susceptibility observed during the luteal phase in nonhuman primate models and ex vivo human explant cultures, but the mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we performed an unbiased, mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis to better understand the mucosal immunological processes underpinning this observed susceptibility to HIV infection. Cervicovaginal lavage samples (n = 19) were collected, characterized as follicular or luteal phase using days since last menstrual period, and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Biological insights from these data were gained using a spectrum of computational methods, including hierarchical clustering, pathway analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, and partial least-squares discriminant analysis with LASSO feature selection. Of the 384 proteins identified, 43 were differentially abundant between phases (P < 0.05, ≥2-fold change). Cell-cell adhesion proteins and antiproteases were reduced, and leukocyte recruitment (interleukin-8 pathway, P = 1.41E-5) and extravasation proteins (P = 5.62E-4) were elevated during the luteal phase. LASSO/PLSDA identified a minimal profile of 18 proteins that best distinguished the luteal phase. This profile included cytoskeletal elements and proteases known to be involved in cellular movement. Gene set enrichment analysis associated CD4(+) T cell and neutrophil gene set signatures with the luteal phase (P < 0.05). Taken together, our findings indicate a strong association between proteins involved in tissue remodeling and leukocyte infiltration with the luteal phase, which may represent potential hormone-associated mechanisms of increased susceptibility to HIV. IMPORTANCE Recent studies have discovered an enhanced susceptibility to HIV infection during the progesterone-dominant luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. However, the mechanism responsible for this enhanced susceptibility has not yet been determined. Understanding the source of this vulnerability will be important for designing efficacious HIV prevention technologies for women. Furthermore, these findings may also be extrapolated to better understand the impact of exogenous hormone application, such as the use of hormonal contraceptives, on HIV acquisition risk. Hormonal contraceptives are the most widely used contraceptive method in sub-Saharan Africa, the most HIV-burdened area of the world. For this reason, research conducted to better understand how hormones impact host immunity and susceptibility factors important for HIV infection is a global health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzie Birse
- National Lab for HIV Immunology, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kelly B Arnold
- Department of Biological Engineering and Center for Gynepathology Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard M Novak
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stuart McCorrister
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Souradet Shaw
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Garrett R Westmacott
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Terry B Ball
- National Lab for HIV Immunology, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Department of Medical Microbiology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering and Center for Gynepathology Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam Burgener
- National Lab for HIV Immunology, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lindberg M. The hand eczema proteome: imbalance of epidermal barrier proteins. Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:852-3. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Lindberg
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Örebro; Örebro 70185 Sweden
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Analysis of gene expression dynamics revealed delayed and abnormal epidermal repair process in aged compared to young skin. Arch Dermatol Res 2015; 307:351-64. [PMID: 25740152 PMCID: PMC4409645 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-015-1551-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
With aging, epidermal homeostasis and barrier function are disrupted. In a previous study, we analyzed the transcriptomic response of young skin epidermis after stratum corneum removal, and obtained a global kinetic view of the molecular processes involved in barrier function recovery. In the present study, the same analysis was performed in aged skin in order to better understand the defects which occur with aging. Thirty healthy male volunteers (67 ± 4 years old) were involved. Tape-strippings were carried out on the inner face of one forearm, the other unstripped forearm serving as control. At 2, 6, 18, 30 and 72 h after stripping, TEWL measurements were taken, and epidermis samples were collected. Total RNA was extracted and analyzed using DermArray® cDNA microarrays. The results highlighted that barrier function recovery and overall kinetics of gene expression were delayed following stripping in aged skin. Indeed, the TEWL measurements showed that barrier recovery in the young group appeared to be dramatically significant during the overall kinetics, while there were no significant evolution in the aged group until 30 h. Moreover, gene expression analysis revealed that the number of modulated genes following tape stripping increased as a function of time and reached a peak at 6 h after tape stripping in young skin, while it was at 30 h in aged skin, showing that cellular activity linked to the repair process may be engaged earlier in young epidermis than in aged epidermis. A total of 370 genes were modulated in the young group. In the aged group, 382 genes were modulated,
whose 184 were also modulated in the young group. Only eight genes that were modulated in both groups were significantly differently modulated. The characterization of these genes into 15 functional families helped to draw a scenario for the aging process affecting epidermal repair capacity.
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Molin S, Merl J, Dietrich KA, Regauer M, Flaig M, Letulé V, Saucke T, Herzinger T, Ruzicka T, Hauck SM. The hand eczema proteome: imbalance of epidermal barrier proteins. Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:994-1001. [PMID: 25244099 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hand eczema (CHE) is a common skin disease with a high socioeconomic impact. While some light has been shed on the genetic factors that predispose individuals to the disease, little is known about its actual pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES We aimed to carry out a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the differential protein expression in CHE using modern mass spectrometry. METHODS We performed liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analyses and label-free quantification to analyse the proteomic profile of palmar skin from 12 individuals (six patients with hand eczema and six healthy volunteers). Immunohistochemistry of the palmar skin from seven different patients with hand eczema and seven different healthy volunteers was performed in a second step. RESULTS With this method we were able to identify 185 candidate proteins with a significantly different abundance in the hand eczema samples. Among them we found several barrier proteins: filaggrin (FLG), FLG-2 and hornerin were all downregulated in the hand eczema samples, as were the desquamation-related enzymes kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK)5 and KLK7 and cystatin E/M. The antimicrobial peptides S100A7 and S100A8/A9 and the small proline-rich protein 2B and S100A11 were upregulated in the diseased skin. Immunohistochemistry confirmed these findings. CONCLUSIONS Our results corroborate the assumption that skin barrier dysfunction plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of CHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Molin
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Ludwig Maximilian University, D-80337, Munich, Germany; Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
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Association of the late cornified envelope-3 genes with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review. J Genet Genomics 2015; 42:49-56. [PMID: 25697099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis (Ps) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are genetically complex diseases with strong genetic evidence. Recently, susceptibility genes for Ps and PsA have been identified within the late cornified envelop (LCE) gene cluster, especially the cluster 3 (LCE3) genes. It is noteworthy that the deletion of LCE3B and LCE3C (LCE3C_LCE3B-del) is significantly associated with these two diseases. Gene-gene interactions between LCE3 genes and other genes are associated with Ps and PsA. LCE3 genes also have pleiotropic effect on some autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Further studies need to focus on the potential function of LCE3 genes in the pathogenesis of Ps and PsA in the future.
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