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Xu Q, Wang J, Mao Y, Xuan Z, Yang K, Tang X, Zhu X. Combined BRAF and PIM1 inhibitory therapy for papillary thyroid carcinoma based on BRAFV600E regulation of PIM1: Synergistic effect and metabolic mechanisms. Neoplasia 2024; 52:100996. [PMID: 38593698 PMCID: PMC11007432 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2024.100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy, and its incidence has increased rapidly in recent years. The BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib is effective against BRAFV600E-positive PTC; however, acquired resistance to single agent therapy frequently leads to tumor recurrence and metastasis, underscoring the need to develop tailored treatment strategies. We previously showed that the oncogenic kinase PIM1 was associated with the malignant phenotype and prognosis of PTC. In this study, we showed that sustained expression of the PIM1 protein in PTC was affected by the BRAFV600E mutation. Based on this regulatory mechanism, we tested the synergistic effects of inhibitors of BRAF (BRAFi) and PIM1 in BRAFV600E-positive PTC cell lines and xenograft tumors. LC-MS metabolomics analyses suggested that BRAFi/PIMi therapy acted by restricting the amounts of critical amino acids and nucleotides required by cancer cells as well as modulating DNA methylation. This study elucidates the role of BRAFV600E in the regulation of PIM1 in PTC and demonstrates the synergistic effect of a novel combination, BRAFi/PIMi, for the treatment of PTC. This discovery, along with the pathways that may be involved in the powerful efficacy of BRAFi/PIMi strategy from the perspective of cell metabolism, provides insight into the molecular basis of PTC progression and offers new perspectives for BRAF-resistant PTC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China; Postgraduate training base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China; Postgraduate training base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Yuting Mao
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China; Postgraduate training base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Ziyang Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China; Postgraduate training base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China; Postgraduate training base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, 310022, China.
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Chatzikalil E, Roka K, Diamantopoulos PT, Rigatou E, Avgerinou G, Kattamis A, Solomou EE. Venetoclax Combination Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Adolescents and Young Adult Patients. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2046. [PMID: 38610812 PMCID: PMC11012941 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13072046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the prognosis in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has significantly improved. The standard intensive cytotoxic treatment approach for AYAs with AML, consisting of induction chemotherapy with anthracycline/cytarabine combination followed by consolidation chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation, has lately been shifting toward novel targeted therapies, mostly in the fields of clinical trials. One of the most recent advances in treating AML is the combination of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) inhibitor venetoclax with hypomethylating agents, which has been studied in elderly populations and was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for patients over 75 years of age or patients excluded from intensive chemotherapy induction schemas due to comorbidities. Regarding the AYA population, venetoclax combination therapy could be a therapeutic option for patients with refractory/relapsed (R/R) AML, although data from real-world studies are currently limited. Venetoclax is frequently used by AYAs diagnosed with advanced hematologic malignancies, mainly acute lymphoblastic leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, as a salvage therapeutic option with considerable efficacy and safety. Herein, we aim to summarize the evidence obtained from clinical trials and observational studies on venetoclax use in AYAs with AML. Based on the available evidence, venetoclax is a safe and effective therapeutic option for R/R AML AYA patients. However, further research in larger cohorts is needed to confirm these data, establishing the benefits of a venetoclax-based regimen for this special population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Chatzikalil
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (K.R.); (E.R.); (G.A.); (A.K.)
- “Aghia Sofia” Children’s Hospital ERN-PeadCan Center, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kleoniki Roka
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (K.R.); (E.R.); (G.A.); (A.K.)
- “Aghia Sofia” Children’s Hospital ERN-PeadCan Center, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis T. Diamantopoulos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Efthymia Rigatou
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (K.R.); (E.R.); (G.A.); (A.K.)
- “Aghia Sofia” Children’s Hospital ERN-PeadCan Center, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Avgerinou
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (K.R.); (E.R.); (G.A.); (A.K.)
- “Aghia Sofia” Children’s Hospital ERN-PeadCan Center, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Kattamis
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (K.R.); (E.R.); (G.A.); (A.K.)
- “Aghia Sofia” Children’s Hospital ERN-PeadCan Center, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Elena E. Solomou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, 26500 Rion, Greece
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Zhang Z, Xie S, Qian J, Gao F, Jin W, Wang L, Yan L, Chen H, Yao W, Li M, Wang X, Zhu L. Targeting macrophagic PIM-1 alleviates osteoarthritis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation via suppressing mitochondrial ROS/Cl - efflux signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2023; 21:452. [PMID: 37422640 PMCID: PMC10329339 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA), in which macrophage-driven synovitis is considered closely related to cartilage destruction and could occur at any stage, is an inflammatory arthritis. However, there are no effective targets to cure the progression of OA. The NOD-, LRR-,and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in synovial macrophages participates in the pathological inflammatory process and treatment strategies targeting it are considered to be an effective approach for OA. PIM-1 kinase, as a downstream effector of many cytokine signaling pathways, plays a pro-inflammatory role in inflammatory disease. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the expression of the PIM-1 and the infiltration of synovial macrophages in the human OA synovium. The effects and mechanism of PIM-1 were investigated in mice and human macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and different agonists such as nigericin, ATP, Monosodium urate (MSU), and Aluminum salt (Alum). The protective effects on chondrocytes were assessed by a modified co-culture system induced by macrophage condition medium (CM). The therapeutic effect in vivo was confirmed by the medial meniscus (DMM)-induced OA in mice. RESULTS The expression of PIM-1 was increased in the human OA synovium which was accompanied by the infiltration of synovial macrophages. In vitro experiments, suppression of PIM-1 by SMI-4a, a specific inhibitor, rapidly inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mice and human macrophages and gasdermin-D (GSDME)-mediated pyroptosis. Furthermore, PIM-1 inhibition specifically blocked the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) oligomerization in the assembly stage. Mechanistically, PIM-1 inhibition alleviated the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS)/chloride intracellular channel proteins (CLICs)-dependent Cl- efflux signaling pathway, which eventually resulted in the blockade of the ASC oligomerization and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, PIM-1 suppression showed chondroprotective effects in the modified co-culture system. Finally, SMI-4a significantly suppressed the expression of PIM-1 in the synovium and reduced the synovitis scores and the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score in the DMM-induced OA model. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, PIM-1 represented a new class of promising targets as a treatment of OA to target these mechanisms in macrophages and widened the road to therapeutic strategies for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 31000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shujun Xie
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Qian
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 31000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengqiang Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjian Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Lingqiao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 31000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 31000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wangxiang Yao
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 31000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Maoqiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 31000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuepeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 31000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liulong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 31000, Zhejiang, China.
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Chen Y, Zou Z, Găman MA, Xu L, Li J. NADPH oxidase mediated oxidative stress signaling in FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukemia. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:208. [PMID: 37391442 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The internal tandem duplication of the juxtamembrane domain of the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3-ITD) is the most common genetic change in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and about 30% of all AMLs harbor a FLT3-ITD mutation. Even though FLT3 inhibitors have displayed encouraging effects in FLT3-ITD-mutated AML, the extent of the clinical response to these compounds is cut short due to the rapid development of drug resistance. Evidence has shown that FLT3-ITD triggered activation of oxidative stress signaling may exert a pivotal role in drug resistance. The downstream pathways of FLT3-ITD, including STAT5, PI3K/AKT, and RAS/MAPK, are considered to be major oxidative stress signaling pathways. These downstream pathways can inhibit apoptosis and promote proliferation and survival by regulating apoptosis-related genes and promoting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through NADPH oxidase (NOX) or other mechanisms. Appropriate levels of ROS may promote proliferation, but high levels of ROS can lead to oxidative damage to the DNA and increase genomic instability. In addition, post-translational modifications of FLT3-ITD and changes in its subcellular localization can affect downstream signaling which may also be one of the mechanisms leading to drug resistance. In this review, we summarized the research progress on NOX mediated oxidative stress signaling and its relationship with drug resistance in FLT3-ITD AML, and discuss the possible new targets in FLT3-ITD signal blocking to reverse drug resistance in FLT3-ITD-mutated AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China.
| | - Zhenyou Zou
- Institute of Psychosis Prevention, Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou, Guangxi, 542005, China.
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474, Bucharest, Romania.
- Department of Hematology, Centre of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Linglong Xu
- Department of Hematology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China
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Ou ZY, Wang K, Shen WW, Deng G, Xu YY, Wang LF, Zai ZY, Ling YA, Zhang T, Peng XQ, Chen FH. Oncogenic FLT3 internal tandem duplication activates E2F1 to regulate purine metabolism in acute myeloid leukaemia. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 210:115458. [PMID: 36803956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Oncogene FLT3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutation accounts for 30 % of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cases and induces transformation. Previously, we found that E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) was involved in AML cell differentiation. Here, we reported that E2F1 expression was aberrantly upregulated in AML patients, especially in AML patients carrying FLT3-ITD. E2F1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and increased cell sensitivity to chemotherapy in cultured FLT3-ITD-positive AML cells. E2F1-depleted FLT3-ITD+ AML cells lost their malignancy as shown by the reduced leukaemia burden and prolonged survival in NOD-PrkdcscidIl2rgem1/Smoc mice receiving xenografts. Additionally, FLT3-ITD-driven transformation of human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells was counteracted by E2F1 knockdown. Mechanistically, FLT3-ITD enhanced the expression and nuclear accumulation of E2F1 in AML cells. Further study using chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing and metabolomics analyses revealed that ectopic FLT3-ITD promoted the recruitment of E2F1 on genes encoding key enzymatic regulators of purine metabolism and thus supported AML cell proliferation. Together, this study demonstrates that E2F1-activated purine metabolism is a critical downstream process of FLT3-ITD in AML and a potential target for FLT3-ITD+ AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yao Ou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wen-Wen Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ge Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ya-Yun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Long-Fei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhuo-Yan Zai
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-An Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Fei-Hu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Krawiec K, Strzałka P, Czemerska M, Wiśnik A, Zawlik I, Wierzbowska A, Pluta A. Targeting Apoptosis in AML: Where Do We Stand? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14204995. [PMID: 36291779 PMCID: PMC9600036 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14204995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), genetic mutations can cause cells to evade regulated cell death (RCD), resulting in excessive cell proliferation. The best-known form of RCD is apoptosis, which prevents the emergence of cancer cells; disturbances in this process are an important factor in the development and progression of AML. Clearly, it is essential to understand the mechanisms of apoptosis to establish a personalized, patient-specific approach in AML therapy. Therefore, this paper comprehensively reviews the current range of AML treatment approaches related to apoptosis and highlights other promising concepts such as neddylation. Abstract More than 97% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) demonstrate genetic mutations leading to excessive proliferation combined with the evasion of regulated cell death (RCD). The most prominent and well-defined form of RCD is apoptosis, which serves as a defense mechanism against the emergence of cancer cells. Apoptosis is regulated in part by the BCL-2 family of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, whose balance can significantly determine cell survival. Apoptosis evasion plays a key role in tumorigenesis and drug resistance, and thus in the development and progression of AML. Research on the structural and biochemical aspects of apoptosis proteins and their regulators offers promise for new classes of targeted therapies and strategies for therapeutic intervention. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current AML treatment options related to the mechanism of apoptosis, particularly its mitochondrial pathway, and other promising concepts such as neddylation. It pays particular attention to clinically-relevant aspects of current and future AML treatment approaches, highlighting the molecular basis of individual therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Krawiec
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
- Copernicus Multi-Specialist Oncology and Traumatology Center, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Strzałka
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
- Copernicus Multi-Specialist Oncology and Traumatology Center, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Czemerska
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
- Copernicus Multi-Specialist Oncology and Traumatology Center, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
| | - Aneta Wiśnik
- Copernicus Multi-Specialist Oncology and Traumatology Center, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Zawlik
- Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wierzbowska
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
- Copernicus Multi-Specialist Oncology and Traumatology Center, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pluta
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
- Copernicus Multi-Specialist Oncology and Traumatology Center, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Griffioen MS, de Leeuw DC, Janssen JJWM, Smit L. Targeting Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Venetoclax; Biomarkers for Sensitivity and Rationale for Venetoclax-Based Combination Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143456. [PMID: 35884517 PMCID: PMC9318140 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Venetoclax has proven to be a promising therapy for newly diagnosed, relapsed and refractory AML patients ineligible for induction chemotherapy. Current ongoing clinical trials are evaluating its effectivity as frontline therapy for all acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. However, response rates vary wildly, depending on patient characteristics and mutational profiles. This review elaborates on the efficacy and safety of venetoclax compared to conventional chemotherapy for treatment of AML patients, comparing the response rates, overall survival and adverse events. Moreover, it gives an overview of genetic and epigenetic AML cell characteristics that give enhanced or decreased response to venetoclax and offers insights into the pathogenesis of venetoclax sensitivity and resistance. Additionally, it suggests possible treatment combinations predicted to be successful based on identified mechanisms influencing venetoclax sensitivity of AML cells. Abstract Venetoclax is a BCL-2 inhibitor that effectively improves clinical outcomes in newly diagnosed, relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, with complete response rates (with and without complete blood count recovery) ranging between 34–90% and 21–33%, respectively. Here, we aim to give an overview of the efficacy of venetoclax-based therapy for AML patients, as compared to standard chemotherapy, and on factors and mechanisms involved in venetoclax sensitivity and resistance in AML (stem) cells, with the aim to obtain a perspective of response biomarkers and combination therapies that could enhance the sensitivity of AML cells to venetoclax. The presence of molecular aberrancies can predict responses to venetoclax, with a higher response in NPM1-, IDH1/2-, TET2- and relapsed or refractory RUNX1-mutated AML. Decreased sensitivity to venetoclax was observed in patients harboring FLT3-ITD, TP53, K/NRAS or PTPN11 mutations. Moreover, resistance to venetoclax was observed in AML with a monocytic phenotype and patients pre-treated with hypomethylating agents. Resistance to venetoclax can arise due to mutations in BCL-2 or pro-apoptotic proteins, an increased dependency on MCL-1, and usage of additional/alternative sources for energy metabolism, such as glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism. Clinical studies are testing combination therapies that may circumvent resistance, including venetoclax combined with FLT3- and MCL-1 inhibitors, to enhance venetoclax-induced cell death. Other treatments that can potentially synergize with venetoclax, including MEK1/2 and mitochondrial complex inhibitors, need to be evaluated in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila S Griffioen
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David C de Leeuw
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J W M Janssen
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Smit
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Li X, Yang T, Hu M, Yang Y, Tang M, Deng D, Liu K, Fu S, Tan Y, Wang H, Chen Y, Zhang C, Guo Y, Peng B, Si W, Yang Z, Chen L. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 6-(pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridine derivatives as novel dual FLT3/CDK4 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2022; 121:105669. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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9
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Dey D, Hasan MM, Biswas P, Papadakos SP, Rayan RA, Tasnim S, Bilal M, Islam MJ, Arshe FA, Arshad EM, Farzana M, Rahaman TI, Baral SK, Paul P, Bibi S, Rahman MA, Kim B. Investigating the Anticancer Potential of Salvicine as a Modulator of Topoisomerase II and ROS Signaling Cascade. Front Oncol 2022; 12:899009. [PMID: 35719997 PMCID: PMC9198638 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.899009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvicine is a new diterpenoid quinone substance from a natural source, specifically in a Chinese herb. It has powerful growth-controlling abilities against a broad range of human cancer cells in both in vitro and in vivo environments. A significant inhibitory effect of salvicine on multidrug-resistant (MDR) cells has also been discovered. Several research studies have examined the activities of salvicine on topoisomerase II (Topo II) by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. As opposed to the well-known Topo II toxin etoposide, salvicine mostly decreases the catalytic activity with a negligible DNA breakage effect, as revealed by several enzymatic experiments. Interestingly, salvicine dramatically reduces lung metastatic formation in the MDA-MB-435 orthotopic lung cancer cell line. Recent investigations have established that salvicine is a new non-intercalative Topo II toxin by interacting with the ATPase domains, increasing DNA-Topo II interaction, and suppressing DNA relegation and ATP hydrolysis. In addition, investigations have revealed that salvicine-induced ROS play a critical role in the anticancer-mediated signaling pathway, involving Topo II suppression, DNA damage, overcoming multidrug resistance, and tumor cell adhesion suppression, among other things. In the current study, we demonstrate the role of salvicine in regulating the ROS signaling pathway and the DNA damage response (DDR) in suppressing the progression of cancer cells. We depict the mechanism of action of salvicine in suppressing the DNA-Topo II complex through ROS induction along with a brief discussion of the anticancer perspective of salvicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipta Dey
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology department, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Partha Biswas
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore, Bangladesh
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Stavros P. Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Rehab A. Rayan
- Department of Epidemiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sabiha Tasnim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- College of Pharmacy, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Mohammod Johirul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Alam Arshe
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Efat Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Maisha Farzana
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tanjim Ishraq Rahaman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | | | - Priyanka Paul
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology department, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Md. Ataur Rahman
- Global Biotechnology & Biomedical Research Network (GBBRN), Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Md. Ataur Rahman, ; Bonglee Kim,
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Md. Ataur Rahman, ; Bonglee Kim,
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10
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Zhu Z, Song J, Gu J, Xu B, Sun X, Zhang S. FMS-Related Tyrosine Kinase 3 Ligand Promotes Radioresistance in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:659735. [PMID: 34040525 PMCID: PMC8141745 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.659735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FL) has an important role in regulating FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt-3) activity. Serum FL levels are markedly increased among patients with hematopoietic disease. However, its role in radiation treatment remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of FL on radiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: KYSE150 and KYSE450 cells were stimulated with FL (200 ng/ml). mRNA expression was analyzed using qRT-PCR. Cell viability was checked using CCK-8 assay kits. Proliferation was determined using the EdU assay. Radiosensitivity was detected through a colony-forming assay. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell apoptosis. The number of γH2AX foci was verified using an immunofluorescence assay. The change in relative proteins was determined by western blot analysis. The growth of transplanted tumors was demonstrated in nude mice. Results: Our results showed that FL increased the radiation resistance of ESCC cells by promoting clone formation, increasing EdU incorporation, enhancing DNA damage repair, and inhibiting apoptosis. Moreover, the Flt-3 receptor expression significantly increased in ESCC cells after radiation, which may have been an important factor in their radioresistance. Conclusion: Our results suggest that FL increases the radioresistance of esophageal cancer cells and that FL-Flt-3 could be a potential target for enhancing radiosensitivity in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoquan Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahang Song
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Gu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinchen Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Core Facility Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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11
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OTS167 blocks FLT3 translation and synergizes with FLT3 inhibitors in FLT3 mutant acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2021; 11:48. [PMID: 33658483 PMCID: PMC7930094 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-021-00433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal tandem duplication (-ITD) mutations of Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) provide growth and pro-survival signals in the context of established driver mutations in FLT3 mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) is an aberrantly expressed gene identified as a target in AML. The MELK inhibitor OTS167 induces cell death in AML including cells with FLT3 mutations, yet the role of MELK and mechanisms of OTS167 function are not understood. OTS167 alone or in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were used to investigate the effect of OTS167 on FLT3 signaling and expression in human FLT3 mutant AML cell lines and primary cells. We describe a mechanism whereby OTS167 blocks FLT3 expression by blocking FLT3 translation and inhibiting phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E–binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B (eIF4B). OTS167 in combination with TKIs results in synergistic induction of FLT3 mutant cell death in FLT3 mutant cell lines and prolonged survival in a FLT3 mutant AML xenograft mouse model. Our findings suggest signaling through MELK is necessary for the translation and expression of FLT3-ITD, and blocking MELK with OTS167 represents a viable therapeutic strategy for patients with FLT3 mutant AML.
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12
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Marensi V, Keeshan KR, MacEwan DJ. Pharmacological impact of FLT3 mutations on receptor activity and responsiveness to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:114348. [PMID: 33242449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive blood cancer characterized by the rapid proliferation of immature myeloid blast cells, resulting in a high mortality rate. The 5-year overall survival rate for AML patients is approximately 25%. Circa 35% of all patients carry a mutation in the FLT3 gene which have a poor prognosis. Targeting FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase has become a treatment strategy in AML patients possessing FLT3 mutations. The most common mutations are internal tandem duplications (ITD) within exon 14 and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that leads to a point mutation in the D835 of the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD). Variations in the ITD sequence and the occurrence of other point mutations that lead to ligand-independent FLT3 receptor activation create difficulties in developing personalized therapeutic strategies to overcome observed mutation-driven drug resistance. Midostaurin and quizartinib are tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with inhibitory efficacy against FLT3-ITD, but exhibit limited clinical impact. In this review, we focus on the structural aspects of the FLT3 receptor and correlate those mutations with receptor activation and the consequences for molecular and clinical responsiveness towards therapies targeting FLT3-ITD positive AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Marensi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Karen R Keeshan
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David J MacEwan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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13
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Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to FLT3 Inhibitors in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Ongoing Challenges and Future Treatments. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112493. [PMID: 33212779 PMCID: PMC7697863 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)-internal tandem duplication (ITD)-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a challenge despite the development of novel FLT3-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI); the relapse rate is still high even after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. In the era of next-generation FLT3-inhibitors, such as midostaurin and gilteritinib, we still observe primary and secondary resistance to TKI both in monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy. Moreover, remissions are frequently short-lived even in the presence of continuous treatment with next-generation FLT3 inhibitors. In this comprehensive review, we focus on molecular mechanisms underlying the development of resistance to relevant FLT3 inhibitors and elucidate how this knowledge might help to develop new concepts for improving the response to FLT3-inhibitors and reducing the development of resistance in AML. Tailored treatment approaches that address additional molecular targets beyond FLT3 could overcome resistance and facilitate molecular responses in AML.
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14
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Quevedo CE, Bataille CJR, Byrne S, Durbin M, Elkins J, Guillermo A, Jones AM, Knapp S, Nadali A, Walker RG, Wilkinson IVL, Wynne GM, Davies SG, Russell AJ. Aminothiazolones as potent, selective and cell active inhibitors of the PIM kinase family. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115724. [PMID: 33128909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported the discovery of a series of rhodanine-based inhibitors of the PIM family of serine/threonine kinases. Here we described the optimisation of those compounds to improve their physicochemical and ADME properties as well as reducing their off-targets activities against other kinases. Through molecular modeling and systematic structure activity relationship (SAR) studies, advanced molecules with high inhibitory potency, reduced off-target activity and minimal efflux were identified as new pan-PIM inhibitors. One example of an early lead, OX01401, was found to inhibit PIMs with nanomolar potency (15 nM for PIM1), inhibit proliferation of two PIM-expressing leukaemic cancer cell lines, MV4-11 and K562, and to reduce intracellular phosphorylation of a PIM substrate in a concentration dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo E Quevedo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Carole J R Bataille
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Simon Byrne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Matthew Durbin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Jon Elkins
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Abigail Guillermo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Alan M Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Nadali
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Roderick G Walker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Isabel V L Wilkinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Graham M Wynne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Stephen G Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Angela J Russell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK; Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
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15
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Synergistic effect of BCL2 and FLT3 co-inhibition in acute myeloid leukemia. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:139. [PMID: 33076970 PMCID: PMC7574303 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous and complex disease, and treatments for this disease have not been curative for the majority of patients. In younger patients, internal tandem duplication of FLT3 (FLT3-ITD) is a common mutation for which two inhibitors (midostaurin and gilteritinib) with varied potency and specificity for FLT3 are clinically approved. However, the high rate of relapse or failed initial response of AML patients suggests that the addition of a second targeted therapy may be necessary to improve efficacy. Using an unbiased large-scale CRISPR screen, we genetically identified BCL2 knockout as having synergistic effects with an approved FLT3 inhibitor. Here, we provide supportive studies that validate the therapeutic potential of the combination of FLT3 inhibitors with venetoclax in vitro and in vivo against multiple models of FLT3-ITD-driven AML. Our unbiased approach provides genetic validation for co-targeting FLT3 and BCL2 and repurposes CRISPR screening data, utilizing the genome-wide scope toward mechanistic understanding.
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16
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Short NJ, Konopleva M, Kadia TM, Borthakur G, Ravandi F, DiNardo CD, Daver N. Advances in the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: New Drugs and New Challenges. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:506-525. [DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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AboulMagd AM, Hassan HM, Sayed AM, Abdelmohsen UR, Abdel-Rahman HM. Saccharomonosporine A inspiration; synthesis of potent analogues as potential PIM kinase inhibitors. RSC Adv 2020; 10:6752-6762. [PMID: 35493904 PMCID: PMC9049778 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10216g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharomonosporine A was recently reported as a natural anti-cancer agent working through inhibition of a Proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus-1 (PIM-1) kinase. Structural bioisosteres of this natural product were synthesized and tested against PIM kinase enzymes. They showed potent inhibitory activity against all the known PIM kinases (PIM-1, 2 and 3) with IC50 values ranging from 0.22 to 2.46 μM. Compound 5 was the most potent pan-inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.37, 0.41, and 0.3 μM, against PIM-1, 2, 3 respectively. Compounds 4–6 were tested for their cytotoxic activities against 3 cell lines: H1650, HT-29, and HL-60. Compound 5 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against human colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 and the human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60, with IC50 μM values of 1.4 and 1.7 respectively. Molecular docking and homology modeling studies were carried out to confirm the affinity of these synthesized compounds to the three different PIM kinases. Additionally, a number of in silico predictions, ADME/Tox, were adopted to evaluate their drug-likeness. The E isomer of compound 5 exhibited a potent inhibitory effect against PIM kinase isoforms of IC50s 0.30–0.41 μM.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M. AboulMagd
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Nahda University
- Beni Suef
- Egypt
| | - Hossam M. Hassan
- Pharmacognosy Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Beni-Suef University
- Beni-Suef
- Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Pharmacognosy Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Nahda University
- Beni-Suef
- Egypt
| | | | - Hamdy M. Abdel-Rahman
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Nahda University
- Beni Suef
- Egypt
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18
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Kazi JU, Rönnstrand L. FMS-like Tyrosine Kinase 3/FLT3: From Basic Science to Clinical Implications. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1433-1466. [PMID: 31066629 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00029.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is expressed almost exclusively in the hematopoietic compartment. Its ligand, FLT3 ligand (FL), induces dimerization and activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. Activation of FLT3 leads to its autophosphorylation and initiation of several signal transduction cascades. Signaling is initiated by the recruitment of signal transduction molecules to activated FLT3 through binding to specific phosphorylated tyrosine residues in the intracellular region of FLT3. Activation of FLT3 mediates cell survival, cell proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. It acts in synergy with several other cytokines to promote its biological effects. Deregulated FLT3 activity has been implicated in several diseases, most prominently in acute myeloid leukemia where around one-third of patients carry an activating mutant of FLT3 which drives the disease and is correlated with poor prognosis. Overactivity of FLT3 has also been implicated in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. The observation that gain-of-function mutations of FLT3 can promote leukemogenesis has stimulated the development of inhibitors that target this receptor. Many of these are in clinical trials, and some have been approved for clinical use. However, problems with acquired resistance to these inhibitors are common and, furthermore, only a fraction of patients respond to these selective treatments. This review provides a summary of our current knowledge regarding structural and functional aspects of FLT3 signaling, both under normal and pathological conditions, and discusses challenges for the future regarding the use of targeted inhibition of these pathways for the treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julhash U Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; and Division of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital , Lund , Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; and Division of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital , Lund , Sweden
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Naqvi
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Farhad Ravandi
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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20
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Wang X, Sun Z. Understanding PIM-1 kinase inhibitor interactions with free energy simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:7544-7558. [PMID: 30895980 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00070d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The proviral integration site of the Moloney leukemia virus (PIM) family includes three homologous members. PIM-1 kinase is an important target in effective therapeutic interventions of lymphomas, prostate cancer and leukemia. In the current work, we performed free energy calculations to calculate the binding affinities of several inhibitors targeting this protein. The alchemical method with integration and perturbation-based estimators and the end-point methods were compared. The computational results indicated that the alchemical method can accurately predict the binding affinities, while the end-point methods give relatively unreliable predictions. Decomposing the free energy difference into enthalpic and entropic components with MBAR reweighting enabled us to investigate the detailed thermodynamic parameters with which the entropy-enthalpy compensation in this protein-ligand binding case is identified. We then studied the conformational ensemble, and the important protein-ligand interactions were identified. The current work sheds light on the understanding of the PIM-1-kinase-inhibitor interactions at the atomic level and will be useful in the further development of potential drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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21
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Short NJ, Kantarjian H, Ravandi F, Daver N. Emerging treatment paradigms with FLT3 inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia. Ther Adv Hematol 2019; 10:2040620719827310. [PMID: 30800259 PMCID: PMC6378516 DOI: 10.1177/2040620719827310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene are detected in approximately one-third of patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These consist of the more common FLT3-internal tandem duplication (ITD) in approximately 20-25% of AML cases, and point mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) in approximately 5-10%. FLT3 mutations, especially FLT3-ITD, are associated with proliferative disease, increased risk of relapse, and inferior overall survival when treated with conventional regimens. However, the recent development of well tolerated and active FLT3 inhibitors has significantly improved the outcomes of this aggressive subtype of AML. The multikinase inhibitor midostaurin was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) in April 2017 for the frontline treatment of patients with FLT3-mutated (either ITD or TKD) AML in combination with induction chemotherapy, representing the first new drug approval in AML in nearly two decades. In November 2018, the US FDA also approved the second-generation FLT3 inhibitor gilteritinib as a single agent for patients with relapsed or refractory FLT3-mutated AML. Promising phase I and II efficacy data for quizartinib is likely to lead to a third regulatory approval in relapsed/refractory AML in the near future. However, despite the significant progress made in managing FLT3-mutated AML, many questions remain regarding the best approach to integrate these inhibitors into combination regimens, and also the optimal sequencing of different FLT3 inhibitors in various clinical settings. This review comprehensively examines the FLT3 inhibitors currently in clinical development, with an emphasis on their spectra of activity against different FLT3 mutations and other kinases, clinical safety and efficacy data, and their current and future roles in the management of AML. The mechanisms of resistance to FLT3 inhibitors and potential combination strategies to overcome such resistance pathways are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Short
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Farhad Ravandi
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naval Daver
- Department of Leukemia, Unit 428, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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22
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Bjørnstad R, Aesoy R, Bruserud Ø, Brenner AK, Giraud F, Dowling TH, Gausdal G, Moreau P, Døskeland SO, Anizon F, Herfindal L. A Kinase Inhibitor with Anti-Pim Kinase Activity is a Potent and Selective Cytotoxic Agent Toward Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:567-578. [PMID: 30679386 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
More than 40 years ago, the present standard induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was developed. This consists of the metabolic inhibitor cytarabine (AraC) and the cytostatic topoisomerase 2 inhibitor daunorubucin (DNR). In light of the high chance for relapse, as well as the large heterogeneity, novel therapies are needed to improve patient outcome. We have tested the anti-AML activity of 15 novel compounds based on the scaffolds pyrrolo[2,3-a]carbazole-3-carbaldehyde, pyrazolo[3,4-c]carbazole, pyrazolo[4,3-a]phenanthridine, or pyrrolo[2,3-g]indazole. The compounds were inhibitors of Pim kinases, but could also have inhibitory activity against other protein kinases. Ser/Thr kinases like the Pim kinases have been identified as potential drug targets for AML therapy. The compound VS-II-173 induced AML cell death with EC50 below 5 μmol/L, and was 10 times less potent against nonmalignant cells. It perturbed Pim-kinase-mediated AML cell signaling, such as attenuation of Stat5 or MDM2 phosphorylation, and synergized with DNR to induce AML cell death. VS-II-173 induced cell death also in patients with AML blasts, including blast carrying high-risk FLT3-ITD mutations. Mutation of nucleophosmin-1 was associated with good response to VS-II-173. In conclusion new scaffolds for potential AML drugs have been explored. The selective activity toward patient AML blasts and AML cell lines of the pyrazolo-analogue VS-II-173 make it a promising drug candidate to be further tested in preclinical animal models for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Bjørnstad
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Hospital Pharmacy in western Norway, Bergen
| | - Reidun Aesoy
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Annette K Brenner
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Francis Giraud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma Clermont, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tara Helen Dowling
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Pascale Moreau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma Clermont, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Fabrice Anizon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma Clermont, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lars Herfindal
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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23
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Staudt D, Murray HC, McLachlan T, Alvaro F, Enjeti AK, Verrills NM, Dun MD. Targeting Oncogenic Signaling in Mutant FLT3 Acute Myeloid Leukemia: The Path to Least Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103198. [PMID: 30332834 PMCID: PMC6214138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of recurrent driver mutations in genes encoding tyrosine kinases has resulted in the development of molecularly-targeted treatment strategies designed to improve outcomes for patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 is the most commonly mutated gene in AML, with internal tandem duplications within the juxtamembrane domain (FLT3-ITD) or missense mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain (FLT3-TKD) present in 30–35% of AML patients at diagnosis. An established driver mutation and marker of poor prognosis, the FLT3 tyrosine kinase has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target, and thus, encouraged the development of FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, the therapeutic benefit of FLT3 inhibition, particularly as a monotherapy, frequently results in the development of treatment resistance and disease relapse. Commonly, FLT3 inhibitor resistance occurs by the emergence of secondary lesions in the FLT3 gene, particularly in the second tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) at residue Asp835 (D835) to form a ‘dual mutation’ (ITD-D835). Individual FLT3-ITD and FLT3-TKD mutations influence independent signaling cascades; however, little is known about which divergent signaling pathways are controlled by each of the FLT3 specific mutations, particularly in the context of patients harboring dual ITD-D835 mutations. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the known discrete and cooperative signaling pathways deregulated by each of the FLT3 specific mutations, as well as the therapeutic approaches that hold the most promise of more durable and personalized therapeutic approaches to improve treatments of FLT3 mutant AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilana Staudt
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation & Translation, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Heather C Murray
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation & Translation, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Tabitha McLachlan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation & Translation, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Frank Alvaro
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation & Translation, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
- John Hunter Children's Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Anoop K Enjeti
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation & Translation, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
- Calvary Mater Hospital, Hematology Department, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia.
- NSW Health Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Nicole M Verrills
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation & Translation, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Matthew D Dun
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation & Translation, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
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24
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Zhou J, Chng WJ. Resistance to FLT3 inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia: Molecular mechanisms and resensitizing strategies. World J Clin Oncol 2018; 9:90-97. [PMID: 30254964 PMCID: PMC6153124 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v9.i5.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is classified as a type III receptor tyrosine kinase, which exerts a key role in regulation of normal hematopoiesis. FLT3 mutation is the most common genetic mutation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and represents an attractive therapeutic target. Targeted therapy with FLT3 inhibitors in AML shows modest promising results in current ongoing clinical trials suggesting the complexity of FLT3 targeting in therapeutics. Importantly, resistance to FLT3 inhibitors may explain the lack of overwhelming response and could obstruct the successful treatment for AML. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of primary resistance and acquired resistance to FLT3 inhibitors and discuss the strategies to circumvent the emergency of drug resistance and to develop novel treatment intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbiao Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, NUHS, Singapore 119228, Singapore
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25
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A novel, dual pan-PIM/FLT3 inhibitor SEL24 exhibits broad therapeutic potential in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 9:16917-16931. [PMID: 29682194 PMCID: PMC5908295 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) is one of the most common genetic lesions in acute myeloid leukemia patients (AML). Although FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors initially exhibit clinical activity, resistance to treatment inevitably occurs within months. PIM kinases are thought to be major drivers of the resistance phenotype and their inhibition in relapsed samples restores cell sensitivity to FLT3 inhibitors. Thus, simultaneous PIM and FLT3 inhibition represents a promising strategy in AML therapy. For such reasons, we have developed SEL24-B489 - a potent, dual PIM and FLT3-ITD inhibitor. SEL24-B489 exhibited significantly broader on-target activity in AML cell lines and primary AML blasts than selective FLT3-ITD or PIM inhibitors. SEL24-B489 also demonstrated marked activity in cells bearing FLT3 tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) mutations that lead to FLT3 inhibitor resistance. Moreover, SEL24-B489 inhibited the growth of a broad panel of AML cell lines in xenograft models with a clear pharmacodynamic-pharmacokinetic relationship. Taken together, our data highlight the unique dual activity of the SEL24-B489 that abrogates the activity of signaling circuits involved in proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis and protein translation/metabolism. These results underscore the therapeutic potential of the dual PIM/FLT3-ITD inhibitor for the treatment of AML.
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26
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Puente-Moncada N, Costales P, Antolín I, Núñez LE, Oro P, Hermosilla MA, Pérez-Escuredo J, Ríos-Lombardía N, Sanchez-Sanchez AM, Luño E, Rodríguez C, Martín V, Morís F. Inhibition of FLT3 and PIM Kinases by EC-70124 Exerts Potent Activity in Preclinical Models of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:614-624. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Kapoor S, Natarajan K, Baldwin PR, Doshi KA, Lapidus RG, Mathias TJ, Scarpa M, Trotta R, Davila E, Kraus M, Huszar D, Tron AE, Perrotti D, Baer MR. Concurrent Inhibition of Pim and FLT3 Kinases Enhances Apoptosis of FLT3-ITD Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells through Increased Mcl-1 Proteasomal Degradation. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:234-247. [PMID: 29074603 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose:fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) is present in 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and these patients have short disease-free survival. FLT3 inhibitors have limited and transient clinical activity, and concurrent treatment with inhibitors of parallel or downstream signaling may improve responses. The oncogenic serine/threonine kinase Pim-1 is upregulated downstream of FLT3-ITD and also promotes its signaling in a positive feedback loop, suggesting benefit of combined Pim and FLT3 inhibition.Experimental Design: Combinations of clinically active Pim and FLT3 inhibitors were studied in vitro and in vivoResults: Concurrent treatment with the pan-Pim inhibitor AZD1208 and FLT3 inhibitors at clinically applicable concentrations abrogated in vitro growth of FLT3-ITD, but not wild-type FLT3 (FLT3-WT), cell lines. AZD1208 cotreatment increased FLT3 inhibitor-induced apoptosis of FLT3-ITD, but not FLT3-WT, cells measured by sub-G1 fraction, annexin V labeling, mitochondrial membrane potential, and PARP and caspase-3 cleavage. Concurrent treatment with AZD1208 and the FLT3 inhibitor quizartinib decreased growth of MV4-11 cells, with FLT3-ITD, in mouse xenografts, and prolonged survival, enhanced apoptosis of FLT3-ITD primary AML blasts, but not FLT3-WT blasts or remission marrow cells, and decreased FLT3-ITD AML blast colony formation. Mechanistically, AZD1208 and quizartinib cotreatment decreased expression of the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1. Decrease in Mcl-1 protein expression was abrogated by treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132, and was preceded by downregulation of the Mcl-1 deubiquitinase USP9X, a novel mechanism of Mcl-1 regulation in AML.Conclusions: The data support clinical testing of Pim and FLT3 inhibitor combination therapy for FLT3-ITD AML. Clin Cancer Res; 24(1); 234-47. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Kapoor
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Karthika Natarajan
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patrick R Baldwin
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kshama A Doshi
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rena G Lapidus
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Trevor J Mathias
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mario Scarpa
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rossana Trotta
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eduardo Davila
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Danilo Perrotti
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maria R Baer
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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28
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Cheng H, Huang C, Xu X, Hu X, Gong S, Tang G, Song X, Zhang W, Wang J, Chen L, Yang J. PIM-1 mRNA expression is a potential prognostic biomarker in acute myeloid leukemia. J Transl Med 2017; 15:179. [PMID: 28851457 PMCID: PMC5576275 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High expression of proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus-1 (PIM-1), a serine/threonine kinase, is associated with many cancers. The main purpose of this study were to investigate that the correlation between PIM-1 mRNA levels and clinicopathologic features and its clinical significance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS qRT-PCR was performed for 118 de novo AML and 20 AML complete remission patients and 15 normal individuals. All statistical analysis were performed using Graphpad Prism5 software. RESULTS We observed that expression of PIM-1 mRNA was higher in AML patients than in healthy individuals and in complete remission AML patients (P = 0.0177). Further, high PIM-1 mRNA levels were more associated with high-risk FLT3+ AML patients than the FLT3- group (P = 0.0001) and were also associated with clinical factors such as risk stratification (P = 0.0029) and vital status (P = 0.0322). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that PIM-1 mRNA expression correlated with overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS), and relapse rate (RR) in AML patients. Most importantly, the high PIM-1-expressing patients took longer to achieve complete remission than the low expression group (P = 0.001). In addition, the complete remission rate was significantly lower in the high PIM-1 group (P = 0.0277) after induction therapy. CONCLUSIONS Above results suggest that PIM-1 mRNA levels may be an independent prognostic factor in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cheng
- Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chongmei Huang
- Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoqian Xu
- Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoxia Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shenglan Gong
- Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Gusheng Tang
- Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xianmin Song
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jianmin Yang
- Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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29
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Naqvi K, Konopleva M, Ravandi F. Targeted therapies in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: a focus on FLT-3 inhibitors and ABT199. Expert Rev Hematol 2017; 10:863-874. [PMID: 28799432 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1366852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a therapeutic challenge. Despite ongoing research, the standard therapy for AML has not changed significantly in the past four decades. With the identification of cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities, several promising therapeutic agents are currently being investigated. FLT3 mutation is a well-recognized target seen in 30% of the cytogenetically normal AML. More recently, the BCL2 family of anti-apoptotic proteins have also generated great interest as a therapeutic target. Areas covered: This review will cover the role of FLT3 inhibitors in AML, discussing trials in relapsed/refractory AML and in the frontline setting, including the young and elderly patient population. Toxicities and potential mechanism of resistance will also be covered. In addition, most current studies demonstrating the role of BCL-2 inhibitors namely ABT-199/venetoclax in AML will also be discussed. Expert commentary: AML is one of the most heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies. It remains a therapeutic challenge with limited therapeutic progress despite ongoing research. With the identification of different mutations in AML, several drugs are being evaluated in clinical trials. Targeted agents such as FLT3 inhibitors and BH3 mimetics so far have shown promising results in terms of response and toxicity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Naqvi
- a Department of Leukemia , University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- a Department of Leukemia , University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Farhad Ravandi
- a Department of Leukemia , University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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30
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Ghiaur G, Levis M. Mechanisms of Resistance to FLT3 Inhibitors and the Role of the Bone Marrow Microenvironment. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2017; 31:681-692. [PMID: 28673395 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The presence of FLT3 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) carries a particularly poor prognosis, making the development of FLT3 inhibitors an imperative goal. The last decade has seen an abundance of clinical trials using these drugs alone or in combination with chemotherapy. This culminated with the recent approval by the US Food and Drug Administration of Midostaurin for the treatment of FLT3-mutated AML. Initial success has been followed by the emergence of clinical resistance. Although novel FLT3 inhibitors are being developed, studies into mechanisms of resistance raise hope of new strategies to prevent emergence of resistance and eliminate minimal residual disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Ghiaur
- Adult Leukemia Program, Division of Hematological Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street CRB I, Room 243, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Mark Levis
- Adult Leukemia Program, Division of Hematological Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street CRB I, Room 2M44, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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31
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Bataille CJR, Brennan MB, Byrne S, Davies SG, Durbin M, Fedorov O, Huber KVM, Jones AM, Knapp S, Liu G, Nadali A, Quevedo CE, Russell AJ, Walker RG, Westwood R, Wynne GM. Thiazolidine derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors of the PIM kinase family. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2657-2665. [PMID: 28341403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The PIM family of serine/threonine kinases have become an attractive target for anti-cancer drug development, particularly for certain hematological malignancies. Here, we describe the discovery of a series of inhibitors of the PIM kinase family using a high throughput screening strategy. Through a combination of molecular modeling and optimization studies, the intrinsic potencies and molecular properties of this series of compounds was significantly improved. An excellent pan-PIM isoform inhibition profile was observed across the series, while optimized examples show good selectivity over other kinases. Two PIM-expressing leukemic cancer cell lines, MV4-11 and K562, were employed to evaluate the in vitro anti-proliferative effects of selected inhibitors. Encouraging activities were observed for many examples, with the best example (44) giving an IC50 of 0.75μM against the K562 cell line. These data provide a promising starting point for further development of this series as a new cancer therapy through PIM kinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole J R Bataille
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Méabh B Brennan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Simon Byrne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Stephen G Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Matthew Durbin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Oleg Fedorov
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Kilian V M Huber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Alan M Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Gu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Anna Nadali
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Camilo E Quevedo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Angela J Russell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK; Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Roderick G Walker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Robert Westwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Graham M Wynne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
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32
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Xu Y, Xing Y, Xu Y, Huang C, Bao H, Hong K, Cheng X. Pim-2 protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis via downregulation of Bim expression. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 48:94-102. [PMID: 27770661 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We know that silencing Bim, a pro-apoptosis protein, significantly attenuates glucose and oxygen-deprived induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of the Bim activation in the heart have remained unknown. Pim-2 is one of three Pim serine/threonine kinase family members thought to be involved in cell survival and proliferation. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were subjected to a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) condition in vitro, mimicking ischemic/reperfusion injury in vivo. H/R augmented the expression of Bim, Cyt C, and Pim-2 and induced H9c2 cell apoptosis. Overexpression of Pim-2 attenuated apoptosis which induced by H/R in H9c2 cells, via downregulation of Bim and Cyt C expression. Silencing of Pim-2 promoted H/R-induced apoptosis via upregulation of Bim and Cyt C expression. Co-IP revealed the interaction between Pim-2 and Bim protein, with Bim Ser65 phosphorylated by Pim-2. Furthermore, blocking proteasome activity by MG132 prevented Bim degradation, and Bim S65A mutation could reverse the anti-apoptotic role of Pim-2 which induced by H/R. These data demonstrated that Pim-2 is a novel Bim-interacting protein, which negatively regulates Bim degradation and protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes from H/R-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Second affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Cardiovascular disease in Nanchang University, Nan Chang, Jiang Xi, 330006, China
| | - Yawei Xing
- Department of Cardiovascular, Second affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Cardiovascular disease in Nanchang University, Nan Chang, Jiang Xi, 330006, China
| | - Yanjie Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Second affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Cardiovascular disease in Nanchang University, Nan Chang, Jiang Xi, 330006, China
| | - Chahua Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Second affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Cardiovascular disease in Nanchang University, Nan Chang, Jiang Xi, 330006, China
| | - Huihui Bao
- Department of Cardiovascular, Second affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Cardiovascular disease in Nanchang University, Nan Chang, Jiang Xi, 330006, China
| | - Kui Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular, Second affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Cardiovascular disease in Nanchang University, Nan Chang, Jiang Xi, 330006, China; Medical Molecular Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Xiaoshu Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular, Second affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Cardiovascular disease in Nanchang University, Nan Chang, Jiang Xi, 330006, China.
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Augustin E, Skwarska A, Weryszko A, Pelikant I, Sankowska E, Borowa-Mazgaj B. The antitumor compound triazoloacridinone C-1305 inhibits FLT3 kinase activity and potentiates apoptosis in mutant FLT3-ITD leukemia cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:385-99. [PMID: 25640477 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM FMS-like receptor tyrosine kinase (FLT3) is expressed in some normal hematopoietic cell types and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, we examined the effects of triazoloacridinone C-1305, an antitumor compound, on AML cells with different FLT3 status in vitro. METHODS A panel of human leukemic cell lines with different FLT3 status was used, including FLT3 internal tandem duplication mutations (FLT3-ITD, MV-4-11), wild-type FLT3 (RS-4-11) and null-FLT3 (U937) cells. Cell proliferation was estimated using MTT assays, and apoptosis was studied with flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. FLT3 kinase activity (phosphorylation of FLT3 at Tyr591) was determined with ELISA and Western blotting. FLT3 downstream signaling proteins involving AKT, MAPK and STAT5 were examined by Western blotting. RNA silencing was used to decrease the endogenous FLT3. RESULTS The mutant FLT3-ITD cells were more sensitive to C-1305 than the wild-type FLT3 and null-FLT3 cells (the IC50 values measured at 24 h were 1.2±0.17, 2.0±09, 7.6±1.6 μmol/L, respectively). C-1305 (1-10 μmol/L) dose-dependently inhibited the kinase activity of FLT3, which was more pronounced in the mutant FLT3-ITD cells than in the wild-type FLT3 cells. Furthermore, C-1305 dose-dependently decreased the phosphorylation of STAT5 and MAPK and the inhibitory phosphorylation of Bad, and induced time- and dose-dependent apoptosis in the 3 cell lines with the null-FLT3 cells being the least susceptible to C-1305-induced apoptosis. Knockdown of FLT3 with siRNA significantly decreased C-1305-induced cytotoxicity in the mutant FLT3-ITD cells. CONCLUSION C-1305 induces apoptosis in FLT3-ITD-expressing human leukemia cells in vitro, suggesting that mutated FLT3 kinase can be a new target for C-1305, and C-1305 may be a drug candidate for the therapeutic intervention in FLT3-associated AML.
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Abstract
Pim oncogenes are highly expressed in many types of hematological and solid cancers. Pim kinases regulate the network of signaling pathways that are critical for tumorigenesis and development, making Pim kinases the attractive drug targets. Currently, two approaches have been employed in designing Pim kinase inhibitors: ATP-mimetics and non-ATP mimetics; but all target the ATP-binding pocket and are ATP-competitive. In this review, we summarize the current progress in understanding the Pim-related structure and biology, and provide insights into the binding modes of some prototypical Pim-1 inhibitors. The challenges as well as opportunities are highlighted for development of Pim kinase inhibitors as potential anticancer agents.
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Gelbert LM, Cai S, Lin X, Sanchez-Martinez C, Del Prado M, Lallena MJ, Torres R, Ajamie RT, Wishart GN, Flack RS, Neubauer BL, Young J, Chan EM, Iversen P, Cronier D, Kreklau E, de Dios A. Preclinical characterization of the CDK4/6 inhibitor LY2835219: in-vivo cell cycle-dependent/independent anti-tumor activities alone/in combination with gemcitabine. Invest New Drugs 2014; 32:825-37. [PMID: 24919854 PMCID: PMC4169866 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-014-0120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The G1 restriction point is critical for regulating the cell cycle and is controlled by the Rb pathway (CDK4/6-cyclin D1-Rb-p16/ink4a). This pathway is important because of its inactivation in a majority of human tumors. Transition through the restriction point requires phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (Rb) by CDK4/6, which are highly validated cancer drug targets. We present the identification and characterization of a potent CDK4/6 inhibitor, LY2835219. LY2835219 inhibits CDK4 and CDK6 with low nanomolar potency, inhibits Rb phosphorylation resulting in a G1 arrest and inhibition of proliferation, and its activity is specific for Rb-proficient cells. In vivo target inhibition studies show LY2835219 is a potent inhibitor of Rb phosphorylation, induces a complete cell cycle arrest and suppresses expression of several Rb-E2F-regulated proteins 24 hours after a single dose. Oral administration of LY2835219 inhibits tumor growth in human tumor xenografts representing different histologies in tumor-bearing mice. LY2835219 is effective and well tolerated when administered up to 56 days in immunodeficient mice without significant loss of body weight or tumor outgrowth. In calu-6 xenografts, LY2835219 in combination with gemcitabine enhanced in vivo antitumor activity without a G1 cell cycle arrest, but was associated with a reduction of ribonucleotide reductase expression. These results suggest LY2835219 may be used alone or in combination with standard-of-care cytotoxic therapy. In summary, we have identified a potent, orally active small-molecule inhibitor of CDK4/6 that is active in xenograft tumors. LY2835219 is currently in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Gelbert
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA,
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36
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FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3. Mol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139046947.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Pim-1 kinase phosphorylates and stabilizes 130 kDa FLT3 and promotes aberrant STAT5 signaling in acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3 internal tandem duplication. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74653. [PMID: 24040307 PMCID: PMC3764066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The type III receptor tyrosine kinase fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is expressed on both normal hematopoietic stem cells and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and regulates their proliferation. Internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation of FLT3 is present in a third of AML cases, results in constitutive activation and aberrant signaling of FLT3, and is associated with adverse treatment outcomes. While wild-type (WT) FLT3 is predominantly a 150 kDa complex glycosylated cell surface protein, FLT3-ITD is partially retained in the endoplasmic reticulum as a 130 kDa underglycosylated species associated with the chaperones calnexin and heat shock protein (HSP) 90, and mediates aberrant STAT5 signaling, which upregulates the oncogenic serine/threonine kinase Pim-1. FLT3 contains a Pim-1 substrate consensus serine phosphorylation site, and we hypothesized that it might be a Pim-1 substrate. Pim-1 was indeed found to directly interact with and serine-phosphorylate FLT3. Pim-1 inhibition decreased the expression and half-life of 130 kDa FLT3, with partial abrogation by proteasome inhibition, in association with decreased FLT3 binding to calnexin and HSP90, and increased 150 kDa FLT3 expression and half-life, with abrogation by inhibition of glycosylation. These findings were consistent with Pim-1 stabilizing FLT3-ITD as a 130 kDa species associated with calnexin and HSP90 and inhibiting its glycosylation to form the 150 kDa species. Pim-1 knockdown effects were similar. Pim-1 inhibition also decreased phosphorylation of FLT3 at tyrosine 591 and of STAT5, and expression of Pim-1 itself, consistent with inhibition of the FLT3-ITD-STAT5 signaling pathway. Finally, Pim-1 inhibition synergized with FLT3 inhibition in inducing apoptosis of FLT3-ITD cells. This is, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of a role of Pim-1 in a positive feedback loop promoting aberrant signaling in malignant cells.
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Peloquin GL, Chen YB, Fathi AT. The evolving landscape in the therapy of acute myeloid leukemia. Protein Cell 2013; 4:735-46. [PMID: 23982740 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-013-3057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous clonal disorder of myeloid precursors arrested in their maturation, creating a diverse disease entity with a wide range of responses to historically standard treatment approaches. While significant progress has been made in characterizing and individualizing the disease at diagnosis to optimally inform those affected, progress in treatment to reduce relapse and induce remission has been limited thus far. In addition to a brief summary of the factors that shape prognostication at diagnosis, this review attempts to expand on the current therapies under investigation that have shown promise in treating AML, including hypomethylating agents, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antisense oligonucleotides, and other novel therapies, including aurora kinases, mTOR and PI3 kinase inhibitors, PIM kinase inhibitors, HDAC inhibitors, and IDH targeted therapies. With these, and undoubtedly many others in the future, it is the hope that by combining more accurate prognostication with more effective therapies, patients will begin to have a different, and more complete, outlook on their disease that allows for safer and more successful treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L Peloquin
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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Natarajan K, Bhullar J, Shukla S, Burcu M, Chen ZS, Ambudkar SV, Baer MR. The Pim kinase inhibitor SGI-1776 decreases cell surface expression of P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) and drug transport by Pim-1-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85:514-24. [PMID: 23261525 PMCID: PMC3821043 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug efflux proteins P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) on malignant cells is associated with inferior chemotherapy outcomes. Both, ABCB1 and ABCG2, are substrates of the serine/threonine kinase Pim-1; Pim-1 knockdown decreases their cell surface expression, but SGI-1776, the first clinically tested Pim inhibitor, was shown to reverse drug resistance by directly inhibiting ABCB1-mediated transport. We sought to characterize Pim-1-dependent and -independent effects of SGI-1776 on drug resistance. SGI-1776 at the Pim-1-inhibitory and non-cytotoxic concentration of 1 μM decreased the IC(50)s of the ABCG2 and ABCB1 substrate drugs in cytotoxicity assays in resistant cells, with no effect on the IC(50) of non-substrate drug, nor in parental cells. SGI-1776 also increased apoptosis of cells overexpressing ABCG2 or ABCB1 exposed to substrate chemotherapy drugs and decreased their colony formation in the presence of substrate, but not non-substrate, drugs, with no effect on parental cells. SGI-1776 decreased ABCB1 and ABCG2 surface expression on K562/ABCB1 and K562/ABCG2 cells, respectively, with Pim-1 overexpression, but not HL60/VCR and 8226/MR20 cells, with lower-level Pim-1 expression. Finally, SGI-1776 inhibited uptake of ABCG2 and ABCB1 substrates in a concentration-dependent manner irrespective of Pim-1 expression, inhibited ABCB1 and ABCG2 photoaffinity labeling with the transport substrate [(125)I]iodoarylazidoprazosin ([(125)I]IAAP) and stimulated ABCB1 and ABCG2 ATPase activity. Thus SGI-1776 decreases cell surface expression of ABCB1 and ABCG2 and inhibits drug transport by Pim-1-dependent and -independent mechanisms, respectively. Decrease in ABCB1 and ABCG2 cell surface expression mediated by Pim-1 inhibition represents a novel mechanism of chemosensitization.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Biological Transport/drug effects
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Humans
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Molecular Structure
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1/metabolism
- Pyridazines/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika Natarajan
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jasjeet Bhullar
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Suneet Shukla
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mehmet Burcu
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Suresh V. Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria R. Baer
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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40
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Inhibition of the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl impedes activation of the FLT3 internal tandem duplication in human acute myeloid leukemia: implications for Axl as a potential therapeutic target. Blood 2013; 121:2064-73. [PMID: 23321254 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-07-444018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 20% to 25% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have a constitutively activated FLT3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD), and these patients exhibit a poor prognosis. Here, we report that Axl, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) overexpressed and constitutively active in human AML, targets the RTK FLT3 in FLT3-ITD(+) AML. Abrogation of Axl activation by soluble Axl chimeric protein (Axl-Fc) or small interfering RNA (siRNA) diminishes constitutive FLT3 phosphorylation in FLT3-ITD(+) AML. In addition, inhibition of Axl activation by Axl-Fc interferes with the physical interaction between Axl and FLT3. We found that Axl-Fc, a pharmacologic Axl inhibitor, or siRNA targeting Axl inhibits cell growth, induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, and relieves a block in myeloid differentiation of FLT3-ITD(+) AML in vitro. Axl-Fc also suppresses the growth of human FLT3-ITD(+) AML in vivo. Collectively, our data suggest that Axl contributes to the pathogenesis of FLT3-ITD(+) AML through, at least in part, positive regulation of constitutive FLT3 activation. This also suggests that Axl should be pursued as a potential target for the treatment of FLT3-ITD(+) AML.
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41
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Kim KT, Carroll AP, Mashkani B, Cairns MJ, Small D, Scott RJ. MicroRNA-16 is down-regulated in mutated FLT3 expressing murine myeloid FDC-P1 cells and interacts with Pim-1. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44546. [PMID: 22970245 PMCID: PMC3435263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 are one of the most frequent somatic mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Internal tandem duplications of the juxtamembrane region of FLT3 (FLT3/ITD) constitutively activate survival and proliferation pathways, and are associated with a poor prognosis in AML. We suspected that alteration of small non-coding microRNA (miRNA) expression in these leukemia cells is involved in the transformation process and used miRNA microarrays to determine the miRNA signature from total RNA harvested from FLT3/ITD expressing FDC-P1 cells (FD-FLT3/ITD). This revealed that a limited set of miRNAs appeared to be affected by expression of FLT3/ITD compared to the control group consisting of FDC-P1 parental cells transfected with an empty vector (FD-EV). Among differentially expressed miRNAs, we selected miR-16, miR-21 and miR-223 to validate the microarray data by quantitative real-time RT-PCR showing a high degree of correlation. We further analyzed miR-16 expression with FLT3 inhibitors in FLT3/ITD expressing cells. MiR-16 was found to be one of most significantly down-regulated miRNAs in FLT3/ITD expressing cells and was up-regulated upon FLT3 inhibition. The data suggests that miR-16 is acting as a tumour suppressor gene in FLT3/ITD-mediated leukemic transformation. Whilst miR-16 has been reported to target multiple mRNAs, computer models from public bioinformatic resources predicted a potential regulatory mechanism between miR-16 and Pim-1 mRNA. In support of this interaction, miR-16 was shown to suppress Pim-1 reporter gene expression. Further, our data demonstrated that over-expression of miR-16 mimics suppressed Pim-1 expression in FD-FLT3/ITD cells suggesting that increased miR-16 expression contributes to depletion of Pim-1 after FLT3 inhibition and that miR-16 repression may be associated with up-regulated Pim-1 in FLT3/ITD expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Tae Kim
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
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42
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Drygin D, Haddach M, Pierre F, Ryckman DM. Potential Use of Selective and Nonselective Pim Kinase Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2012; 55:8199-208. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3009234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Drygin
- Cylene Pharmaceuticals, 5820 Nancy Ridge Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121,
United States
| | - Mustapha Haddach
- HTK Corporation, 5218 Rivergrade Road, Irwindale, California
91706, United States
| | - Fabrice Pierre
- 3244
Caminito Eastbluff, Apt 40, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - David M. Ryckman
- Cylene Pharmaceuticals, 5820 Nancy Ridge Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121,
United States
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43
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Receptor kinase profiles identify a rationale for multitarget kinase inhibition in immature T-ALL. Leukemia 2012; 27:305-14. [PMID: 22751451 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Constitutively activated FLT3 signaling is common in acute myeloid leukemia, and is currently under evaluation for targeted therapy, whereas little data is available in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). We analyzed 357 T-ALL cases for FLT3 mutations and transcript expression. FLT3 mutations (3% overall) and overexpression (FLT3 high expresser (FLT3(High))) were restricted to immature/TCRγδ T-ALLs. In vitro FLT3 inhibition induced apoptosis in only 30% of FLT3(High) T-ALLs and did not correlate with mutational status. In order to investigate the mechanisms of primary resistance to FLT3 inhibition, a broad quantitative screen for receptor kinome transcript deregulation was performed by Taqman Low Density Array. FLT3 deregulation was associated with overexpression of a network of receptor kinases (RKs), potentially responsible for redundancies and sporadic response to specific FLT3 inhibition. In keeping with this resistance to FLT3 inhibition could be reversed by dual inhibition of FLT3 and KIT with a synergistic effect. We conclude that immature T-ALL may benefit from multitargeted RK inhibition and that exploration of the receptor kinome defines a rational strategy for testing multitarget kinase inhibition in malignant diseases.
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Quijada P, Toko H, Fischer KM, Bailey B, Reilly P, Hunt KD, Gude NA, Avitabile D, Sussman MA. Preservation of myocardial structure is enhanced by pim-1 engineering of bone marrow cells. Circ Res 2012; 111:77-86. [PMID: 22619278 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.265207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Bone marrow-derived cells to treat myocardial injury improve cardiac function and support beneficial cardiac remodeling. However, survival of stem cells is limited due to low proliferation of transferred cells. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate long-term potential of c-kit(+) bone marrow stem cells (BMCs) enhanced with Pim-1 kinase to promote positive cardiac remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS Lentiviral modification of c-kit(+) BMCs to express Pim-1 (BMCeP) increases proliferation and expression of prosurvival proteins relative to BMCs expressing green fluorescent protein (BMCe). Intramyocardial delivery of BMCeP at time of infarction supports improvements in anterior wall dimensions and prevents left ventricle dilation compared with hearts treated with vehicle alone. Reduction of the akinetic left ventricular wall was observed in BMCeP-treated hearts at 4 and 12 weeks after infarction. Early recovery of cardiac function in BMCeP-injected hearts facilitated modest improvements in hemodynamic function up to 12 weeks after infarction between cell-treated groups. Persistence of BMCeP is improved relative to BMCe within the infarct together with increased recruitment of endogenous c-kit(+) cells. Delivery of BMC populations promotes cellular hypertrophy in the border and infarcted regions coupled with an upregulation of hypertrophic genes. Thus, BMCeP treatment yields improved structural remodeling of infarcted myocardium compared with control BMCs. CONCLUSIONS Genetic modification of BMCs with Pim-1 may serve as a therapeutic approach to promote recovery of myocardial structure. Future approaches may take advantage of salutary BMC actions in conjunction with other stem cell types to increase efficacy of cellular therapy and improve myocardial performance in the injured myocardium.
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45
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Nakano H, Saito N, Parker L, Tada Y, Abe M, Tsuganezawa K, Yokoyama S, Tanaka A, Kojima H, Okabe T, Nagano T. Rational Evolution of a Novel Type of Potent and Selective Proviral Integration Site in Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus Kinase 1 (PIM1) Inhibitor from a Screening-Hit Compound. J Med Chem 2012; 55:5151-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3001289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Nakano
- Open Innovation Center for Drug
Discovery, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-0033, Japan
| | - Nae Saito
- Open Innovation Center for Drug
Discovery, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-0033, Japan
| | - Lorien Parker
- RIKEN Systems
and Structural
Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yukio Tada
- Open Innovation Center for Drug
Discovery, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanao Abe
- Open Innovation Center for Drug
Discovery, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-0033, Japan
| | - Keiko Tsuganezawa
- RIKEN Systems
and Structural
Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yokoyama
- RIKEN Systems
and Structural
Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Akiko Tanaka
- Open Innovation Center for Drug
Discovery, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-0033, Japan
- RIKEN Systems
and Structural
Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hirotatsu Kojima
- Open Innovation Center for Drug
Discovery, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-0033, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Okabe
- Open Innovation Center for Drug
Discovery, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-0033, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nagano
- Open Innovation Center for Drug
Discovery, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-0033, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033,
Japan
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46
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Novel potent dual inhibitors of CK2 and Pim kinases with antiproliferative activity against cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3327-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.02.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Grafone T, Palmisano M, Nicci C, Storti S. An overview on the role of FLT3-tyrosine kinase receptor in acute myeloid leukemia: biology and treatment. Oncol Rev 2012; 6:e8. [PMID: 25992210 PMCID: PMC4419636 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2012.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis, the process by which the hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors differentiate into blood cells of various lineages, involves complex interactions of transcription factors that modulate the expression of downstream genes and mediate proliferation and differentiation signals. Despite the many controls that regulate hematopoiesis, mutations in the regulatory genes capable of promoting leukemogenesis may occur. The FLT3 gene encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor that plays a key role in controlling survival, proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. Mutations in this gene are critical in causing a deregulation of the delicate balance between cell proliferation and differentiation. In this review, we provide an update on the structure, synthesis and activation of the FLT3 receptor and the subsequent activation of multiple downstream signaling pathways. We also review activating FLT3 mutations that are frequently identified in acute myeloid leukemia, cause activation of more complex downstream signaling pathways and promote leukemogenesis. Finally, FLT3 has emerged as an important target for molecular therapy. We, therefore, report on some recent therapies directed against it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Grafone
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Fondazione di Ricerca e Cura Giovanni Paolo II, Campobasso
| | - Michela Palmisano
- San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, School of Molecular Medicine, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Nicci
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Fondazione di Ricerca e Cura Giovanni Paolo II, Campobasso
| | - Sergio Storti
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Fondazione di Ricerca e Cura Giovanni Paolo II, Campobasso
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48
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Good AC, Liu J, Hirth B, Asmussen G, Xiang Y, Biemann HP, Bishop KA, Fremgen T, Fitzgerald M, Gladysheva T, Jain A, Jancsics K, Metz M, Papoulis A, Skerlj R, Stepp JD, Wei RR. Implications of Promiscuous Pim-1 Kinase Fragment Inhibitor Hydrophobic Interactions for Fragment-Based Drug Design. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2641-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jm2014698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kimberly A. Bishop
- Department of Therapeutic Protein Discovery, Genzyme Corp., 49 New York Ave., Framingham, Massachusetts
01701, United States
| | | | | | | | - Annuradha Jain
- Department of Therapeutic Protein Discovery, Genzyme Corp., 49 New York Ave., Framingham, Massachusetts
01701, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ronnie R. Wei
- Department of Therapeutic Protein
Research, Genzyme Corp., 1 Mountain Road,
Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
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49
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Haddach M, Michaux J, Schwaebe MK, Pierre F, O’Brien SE, Borsan C, Tran J, Raffaele N, Ravula S, Drygin D, Siddiqui-Jain A, Darjania L, Stansfield R, Proffitt C, Macalino D, Streiner N, Bliesath J, Omori M, Whitten JP, Anderes K, Rice WG, Ryckman DM. Discovery of CX-6258. A Potent, Selective, and Orally Efficacious pan-Pim Kinases Inhibitor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:135-9. [PMID: 24900437 DOI: 10.1021/ml200259q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure-activity relationship analysis in a series of 3-(5-((2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)methyl)furan-2-yl)amides identified compound 13, a pan-Pim kinases inhibitor with excellent biochemical potency and kinase selectivity. Compound 13 exhibited in vitro synergy with chemotherapeutics and robust in vivo efficacy in two Pim kinases driven tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Haddach
- Cylene Pharmaceuticals Inc., 5820 Nancy
Ridge Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121,
United States
| | - Jerome Michaux
- Cylene Pharmaceuticals Inc., 5820 Nancy
Ridge Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121,
United States
| | - Michael K. Schwaebe
- Cylene Pharmaceuticals Inc., 5820 Nancy
Ridge Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121,
United States
| | - Fabrice Pierre
- Cylene Pharmaceuticals Inc., 5820 Nancy
Ridge Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121,
United States
| | - Sean E. O’Brien
- Cylene Pharmaceuticals Inc., 5820 Nancy
Ridge Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121,
United States
| | - Cosmin Borsan
- Cylene Pharmaceuticals Inc., 5820 Nancy
Ridge Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121,
United States
| | - Joe Tran
- Cylene Pharmaceuticals Inc., 5820 Nancy
Ridge Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121,
United States
| | - Nicholas Raffaele
- Cylene Pharmaceuticals Inc., 5820 Nancy
Ridge Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121,
United States
| | - Suchitra Ravula
- Cylene Pharmaceuticals Inc., 5820 Nancy
Ridge Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121,
United States
| | - Denis Drygin
- Cylene Pharmaceuticals Inc., 5820 Nancy
Ridge Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121,
United States
| | - Adam Siddiqui-Jain
- Cylene Pharmaceuticals Inc., 5820 Nancy
Ridge Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121,
United States
| | - Levan Darjania
- Cylene Pharmaceuticals Inc., 5820 Nancy
Ridge Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121,
United States
| | - Ryan Stansfield
- Cylene Pharmaceuticals Inc., 5820 Nancy
Ridge Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121,
United States
| | - Chris Proffitt
- Cylene Pharmaceuticals Inc., 5820 Nancy
Ridge Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121,
United States
| | - Diwata Macalino
- Cylene Pharmaceuticals Inc., 5820 Nancy
Ridge Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121,
United States
| | - Nicole Streiner
- Cylene Pharmaceuticals Inc., 5820 Nancy
Ridge Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121,
United States
| | - Joshua Bliesath
- Cylene Pharmaceuticals Inc., 5820 Nancy
Ridge Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121,
United States
| | - May Omori
- Cylene Pharmaceuticals Inc., 5820 Nancy
Ridge Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121,
United States
| | - Jeffrey P. Whitten
- Cylene Pharmaceuticals Inc., 5820 Nancy
Ridge Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121,
United States
| | - Kenna Anderes
- Cylene Pharmaceuticals Inc., 5820 Nancy
Ridge Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121,
United States
| | - William G. Rice
- Cylene Pharmaceuticals Inc., 5820 Nancy
Ridge Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121,
United States
| | - David M. Ryckman
- Cylene Pharmaceuticals Inc., 5820 Nancy
Ridge Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121,
United States
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50
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7-(4H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-yl)benzo[c][2,6]naphthyridines: A novel class of Pim kinase inhibitors with potent cell antiproliferative activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6687-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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