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Thijssen VLJL. Vascular galectins in tumor angiogenesis and cancer immunity. Semin Immunopathol 2024; 46:3. [PMID: 38990363 PMCID: PMC11239785 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-024-01014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Sustained tumor angiogenesis, i.e., the induction and maintenance of blood vessel growth by tumor cells, is one of the hallmarks of cancer. The vascularization of malignant tissues not only facilitates tumor growth and metastasis, but also contributes to immune evasion. Important players in all these processes are the endothelial cells which line the luminal side of blood vessel. In the tumor vasculature, these cells are actively involved in angiogenesis as well in the hampered recruitment of immune cells. This is the result of the abnormal tumor microenvironment which triggers both angiostimulatory and immune inhibitory gene expression profiles in endothelial cells. In recent years, it has become evident that galectins constitute a protein family that is expressed in the tumor endothelium. Moreover, several members of this glycan-binding protein family have been found to facilitate tumor angiogenesis and stimulate immune suppression. All this has identified galectins as potential therapeutic targets to simultaneously hamper tumor angiogenesis and alleviate immune suppression. The current review provides a brief introduction in the human galectin protein family. The current knowledge regarding the expression and regulation of galectins in endothelial cells is summarized. Furthermore, an overview of the role that endothelial galectins play in tumor angiogenesis and tumor immunomodulation is provided. Finally, some outstanding questions are discussed that should be addressed by future research efforts. This will help to fully understand the contribution of endothelial galectins to tumor progression and to exploit endothelial galectins for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor L J L Thijssen
- Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology & Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Shi H, Sun X, Wu Y, Cui Q, Sun S, Ji N, Liu Y. Targeting the tumor microenvironment in primary central nervous system lymphoma: Implications for prognosis. J Clin Neurosci 2024; 124:36-46. [PMID: 38642434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and there is limited research on its tumor microenvironment (TME). Nevertheless, more and more studies have evidence that TME has essential effects on tumor cell proliferation, immune escape, and drug resistance. Thus, it is critical to elucidate the role of TME in PCNSL. The understanding of the PCNSL TME is gradually unfolding, including factors that distinguish it from systemic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The TME in PCNSL exhibits both transcriptional and spatial intratumor heterogeneity. Cellular interactions between tumor cells and stroma cells reveal immune evasion signaling. The comparative analysis between PCNSL and DLBCL suggests that PCNSL is more likely to be an immunologically deficient tumor. In PCNSL, T cell exhaustion and downregulation of macrophage immune function are accompanied by suppressive microenvironmental factors such as M2 polarized macrophages, endothelin B receptor, HLA depletion, PD-L1, and TIM-3. MMP-9, Integrin-β1, and ICAM-1/LFA-1 play crucial roles in transendothelial migration towards the CNS, while CXCL13/CXCR5, CD44, MAG, and IL-8 are essential for brain parenchymal invasion. Further, macrophages, YKL-40, CD31, CD105, PD-1/PD-L1 axis, osteopontin, galectin-3, aggregative perivascular tumor cells, and HLA deletion may contribute to poor outcomes in patients with PCNSL. This article reviews the effect of various components of TME on the progression and prognosis of PCNSL patients to identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Shi
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070 Beijing, China
| | - Xuefei Sun
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070 Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070 Beijing, China
| | - Qu Cui
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070 Beijing, China
| | - Shengjun Sun
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070 Beijing, China
| | - Nan Ji
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070 Beijing, China
| | - Yuanbo Liu
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070 Beijing, China.
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Shi Y, Tang D, Li X, Xie X, Ye Y, Wang L. Galectin Family Members: Emerging Novel Targets for Lymphoma Therapy? Front Oncol 2022; 12:889034. [PMID: 35677161 PMCID: PMC9168125 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.889034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The galectin family of proteins has high affinity with β-galactoside-containing glycans. These proteins participate in cell growth and differentiation, cell adhesion, cell signal transduction, cell apoptosis, and other cellular activities. In recent years, a large number of studies have described the expression and correlation of galectins in different tumors. Each member of the family plays a vital role in tumor growth, progression, angiogenesis, adhesion, and tumor immune escape. Studies on the roles of galectins in lymphoma have mainly involved galectin-1, -3, -7, and -9. The results suggest that galectins may become novel targets for precise tumor treatment. This article reviews current research progress regarding galectins in lymphoma and provides new ideas for exploring them as novel targets for treating lymphoma and other important medical issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwei Shi
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Danting Tang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Yufu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, China
- Linyi Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Linyi, China
- *Correspondence: Lijuan Wang,
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Sarid N, Bokstein F, Blumenthal DT, Weiss-Meilik A, Gibstein L, Avivi I, Perry C, Ram R. Impact of contemporary regimens on the outcomes and toxicity of primary CNS lymphoma: a single-center retrospective analysis of 73 patients. J Neurooncol 2020; 151:211-220. [PMID: 33099747 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare disease with a dismal prognosis compared to its systemic large B-cell lymphoma counterpart. Real world data are limited, when considering a uniform backbone treatment. METHODS A retrospective study of all adult patients treated sequentially with a high-dose methotrexate (HD MTX)-based regimen in a single tertiary medical center between 2003 and 2019. RESULTS The 2015-2019 period differed from its predecessor in that most patients were treated with an HD MTX-based polychemotherapy regimen as opposed to HD MTX monotherapy (81% vs. 13%, P < .001), rituximab was given as standard of care (100% vs. 56%, P < .01), and most induction-responsive patients received consolidation treatment (70% vs. 18%, P = .01). The median progression-free and overall survival (OS) for the entire cohort (n = 73, mean age 64 years) was 9.9 and 29.8 months, respectively. Patients diagnosed between 2015 and 2019 had superior OS (P = .03) compared to those treated earlier. An interim partial response (PR) state, documented after two cycles of chemotherapy, was associated with increased incidence of progression, with only 33% of those patients achieving end-of-induction complete response. Twenty-three percent of patients developed thrombotic events and 44% developed grade 3-4 infections. HD MTX-based polychemotherapy induction was associated with both increase in thrombotic and infection incidence. CONCLUSIONS Contemporary HD MTX-based combination therapies suggestively improved the outcomes for PCNSL, but at a cost of increased incidence of toxicity. Patients who achieve an interim PR status are at a high risk for treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Sarid
- Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Felix Bokstein
- Division of Oncology, Neuro-Oncology Service, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Deborah T Blumenthal
- Division of Oncology, Neuro-Oncology Service, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ahuva Weiss-Meilik
- Clinical Operation Research and Quality Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lili Gibstein
- Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Irit Avivi
- Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chava Perry
- Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ron Ram
- Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Prognostic Impact of Lymphoid Enhancer Factor 1 Expression and Serum Galectin.3 in Egyptian AML Patients. Adv Hematol 2019; 2019:2352919. [PMID: 31929803 PMCID: PMC6935809 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2352919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway had a role in haematological malignancies. Previous studies reported that lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF1) expression and serum Galectin-3 level could affect clinical parameters and outcome in acute myeloid leukemia patients, but as far as we know, no study has addressed their combined effect on AML patients. Aim We studied the expression of LEF1 by real-time qPCR and measured serum level of Gal.3 by ELISA technique in peripheral blood of 69 AML patients and correlated it with different clinicopathological criteria of patients, response, PFS and OS. Results We found high expression (LEF1high) was associated with better OS (p = 0.02) and EFS (p = 0.019) compared to LEF1low, low serum Gal.3 level had better OS (p = 0.014) and EFS (p = 0.02) compared to high serum Gal.3 level. LEF1high less likely to carry a FLT3-ITD (p = 0.047) compared to LEF1low patient, also LEF1high characterized by favorable risk (p = 0.02) than LEF1low patients. While patients with higher Gal-3 levels characterized by poor risk (p = 0.02) than lower Gal.3 lels, also more likely to carry a FLT3-ITD with borderline significance (p = 0.054). Combined LEF1high/Gal.3 low patients had lower baseline blast percentages (p = 0.02), favorable risk (p = 0.01), less likely to carry FLT3-ITD (p = 0.02), higher CR rate (p = 0.055), shorter time to CR (0.001) than other groups. Among high Gal.3 level group, LEF1highexpression improved OS and EFS (20 and 15 months respectively) vs LEF1low expression (13 and 8 months respectively). Conclusion We conclude that high LEF1 expression was a favorable prognostic marker which can define AML patient risk and outcome independent from assessing the serum galectin.3 level.
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Lin CH, Yang CF, Yang HC, Fay LY, Yeh CM, Kuan AS, Wang HY, Gau JP, Hsiao LT, Chiou TJ, Chen PM, Liu YC, Ko PS, Liu JH, Liu CJ. Risk Prediction for Early Mortality in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Primary CNS Lymphoma. J Cancer 2019; 10:3958-3966. [PMID: 31417640 PMCID: PMC6692612 DOI: 10.7150/jca.32467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Overall survival of patients with primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) has improved since the introduction of immunochemotherapy. However, up to 10-15% of PCNSL patients still die shortly after diagnosis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the risk factors of early mortality (death within 60 days after diagnosis) in patients with PCNSL. Methods: We included newly diagnosed PCNSL patients in a tertiary medical center in Taiwan between January 1, 2002 and May 31, 2018. Clinical risk factors were collected and compared between PCNSL patients who had and did not have early mortality. Results: A total of 133 consecutive patients with PCNSL were included in this study. Approximately 9.8% of the PCNSL patients had early mortality. In multivariate analysis, age ≥ 80 (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 3.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-11.04, p = 0.048) and involvement of the basal ganglia (adjusted HR 4.85, 95% CI 1.47-15.95, p = 0.009) were identified as independent risk factors of early mortality. Use of MTX-based chemotherapy served as an independent protective factor for early mortality (adjusted HR 0.19, 95% CI 0.05-0.67, p = 0.010). Infection and tumor-associated mass effect contributed most to early mortality. Conclusion: Early mortality is not uncommon in patients with PCNSL. Identification of patients with higher risk may help clinicians with initiating appropriate surveillance and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsin Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Medical Center, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fen Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Che Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital.,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University
| | - Li-Yu Fay
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | - Chiu-Mei Yeh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Seon Kuan
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Hao-Yuan Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Pyng Gau
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Tsai Hsiao
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzeon-Jye Chiou
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Transfusion Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Min Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chung Liu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Shen Ko
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Hwang Liu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Chong Hin Loon Memorial Cancer and Biotherapy Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jen Liu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 and Their Potential Binding Partners in the Dermal Thickening of Keloid Tissues. Am J Dermatopathol 2019; 41:193-204. [PMID: 30801341 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Keloids are defined histopathologically as an inflammatory disorder characterized by exhibiting numerous fibroblasts, abnormal vascularization, increased number of proinflammatory immune cells as well as uncontrolled cell proliferation, and exacerbated and disorganized deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. Importantly, many of these ECM molecules display N- and O-linked glycan residues and are considered as potential targets for galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3). Nevertheless, the presence and localization of Gal-1 and Gal-3 as well as the interactions with some of their binding partners in keloid tissues have not been considered. Here, we show that in the dermal thickening of keloids, versican, syndecan-1, fibronectin, thrombospondin-1, tenascin C, CD44, integrin β1, and N-cadherin were immunolocalized in the elongated fibroblasts that were close to the immune cell infiltrate, attached to collagen bundles, and around the microvasculature and in some immune cells. We also show that Gal-1 and Gal-3 were present in the cytoplasm and along the cell membrane of some fibroblasts and immune and endothelial cells of the dermal thickening. We suggest that Gal-1 and Gal-3, in concert with some of the ECM molecules produced by fibroblasts and by immune cells, counteract the inflammatory response in keloids. We also proposed that Gal-1 and Gal-3 through their binding partners may form a supramolecular structure at the cell surface of fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells, and in the extracellular space that might influence the fibroblast morphology, adhesion, proliferation, migration, and survival as well as the inflammatory responses.
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Ruvolo PP. Galectins as regulators of cell survival in the leukemia niche. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 71:41-54. [PMID: 30245264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The microenvironment within the bone marrow (BM) contains support cells that promote leukemia cell survival and suppress host anti-tumor defenses. Galectins are a family of beta-galactoside binding proteins that are critical components in the tumor microenvironment. Galectin 1 (LGALS1) and Galectin 3 (LGALS3) as regulators of RAS signaling intracellularly and as inhibitors of immune cells extracellularly are perhaps the best studied members for their role in leukemia biology. Interest in Galectin 9 (LGALS9) is growing as this galectin has been identified as an immune checkpoint molecule. LGALS9 also supports leukemia stem cells (LSCs) though a mechanism of action is not clear. LGALS1 and LGALS3 each participate in a diverse number of survival pathways that promote drug resistance by supporting pro-tumor molecules such BCL2, MCL-1, and MYC and blocking tumor suppressors like p53. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) BM mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have protein signatures that differ from healthy donor MSC. Elevated LGALS3 protein in AML MSC is associated with refractory disease/relapse demonstrating that MSC derived galectin impacts patient survival. LGALS3 is a critical determining factor whether MSC differentiate into adipocytes or osteoblasts so the galectin influences the cellular composition of the leukemia niche. Both LGALS3 and LGALS1 when secreted can suppress immune function. Both galectins can induce apoptosis of T cells. LGALS3 also modulates T cell receptor endocytosis and impairs interferon mediated chemokine production by binding glycosylated interferon. LGALS3 as a TIM3 binding partner acts to suppress T cell function. Galectins also impact leukemia cell mobilization and may participate in homing mechanisms. LGALS3 participates in transport mechanism of integrins, receptors, and other molecules that control cell adhesion and cell:cell interactions. The diversity of these various functions demonstrate the importance of these galectins in the leukemia niche. This review will cover the role of LGALS1, LGALS3, and LGALS9 in the various processes that are critical for maintaining leukemia cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Blasel S, Vorwerk R, Kiyose M, Mittelbronn M, Brunnberg U, Ackermann H, Voss M, Harter PN, Hattingen E. New MR perfusion features in primary central nervous system lymphomas: pattern and prognostic impact. J Neurol 2018; 265:647-658. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-8737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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Boziki M, Polyzos SA, Deretzi G, Kazakos E, Katsinelos P, Doulberis M, Kotronis G, Giartza-Taxidou E, Laskaridis L, Tzivras D, Vardaka E, Kountouras C, Grigoriadis N, Thomann R, Kountouras J. A potential impact of Helicobacter pylori-related galectin-3 in neurodegeneration. Neurochem Int 2017; 113:137-151. [PMID: 29246761 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration represents a component of the central nervous system (CNS) diseases pathogenesis, either as a disability primary source in the frame of prototype neurodegenerative disorders, or as a secondary effect, following inflammation, hypoxia or neurotoxicity. Galectins are members of the lectin superfamily, a group of endogenous glycan-binding proteins, able to interact with glycosylated receptors expressed by several immune cell types. Glycan-lectin interactions play critical roles in the living systems by involving and mediating a variety of biologically important normal and pathological processes, including cell-cell signaling shaping cell communication, proliferation and migration, immune responses and fertilization, host-pathogen interactions and diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders and tumors. This review focuses in the role of Galectin-3 in shaping responses of the immune system against microbial agents, and concretely, Helicobacter pylori (Hp), thereby potentiating effect of the microbe in areas distant from the ordinary site of colonization, like the CNS. We hereby postulate that gastrointestinal Hp alterations in terms of immune cell functional phenotype, cytokine and chemokine secretion, may trigger systemic responses, thereby conferring implications for remote processes susceptible in immunity disequilibrium, namely, the CNS inflammation and/or neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Boziki
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Department of Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Kazakos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katsinelos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Internal Medicine, Bürgerspital Solothurn, Solothurn, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Kotronis
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evaggelia Giartza-Taxidou
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Leonidas Laskaridis
- Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri Tzivras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Vardaka
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantinos Kountouras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Robert Thomann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bürgerspital Solothurn, Solothurn, Switzerland
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Ling C, Pouget C, Rech F, Pflaum R, Treffel M, Bielle F, Mokhtari K, Casse JM, Vignaud JM, Kalamarides M, Peyre M, Gauchotte G. Endothelial Cell Hypertrophy and Microvascular Proliferation in Meningiomas Are Correlated with Higher Histological Grade and Shorter Progression-Free Survival. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2017; 75:1160-1170. [PMID: 27807004 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlw095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular proliferation (MVP) is a hallmark of glioblastoma. Endothelial cell hypertrophy (ECH), also known as endothelial hyperplasia, is correlated with a shorter survival of patients with gliomas. However, the prognostic value of these 2 morphological features has not been studied in meningiomas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of angiogenesis in meningiomas, most notably ECH, MVP, and microvascular density, which were evaluated using immunohistochemistry with antibodies against CD34 and CD105 (a marker of neovascularization) in a series of 139 meningiomas. ECH, MVP, and CD105 immunoreactivity were significantly correlated with higher histological grades (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0004, and p = 0.0003, respectively). ECH and MVP but not CD105 immunoreactivities were significantly correlated with a shorter progression-free survival time (PFS) (p = 0.017, p = 0.021, and p = 0.137, respectively). In Cox multivariate analysis, ECH was an independent predictor of shorter PFS (p = 0.028). Therefore, ECH and MVP are markers of shorter PFS in meningiomas and are significantly correlated with grade. These findings give insight into the use of anti-angiogenic therapies. Further studies are needed to determine whether these markers could allow us to identify patients who could benefit from anti-angiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ling
- From the Department of Pathology, CHRU, Nancy, France (CL, CP, MT JMC, JMV, GG); Department of Neurosurgery, CHRU, Nancy, France (FR); INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Montpellier, France (FR); INSERM U954, NGERE, Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (RP, JMV, GG); Laboratory of Neuropathology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (FB, KM); INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France (FB, KM, MK, MP); Centre de Ressources Biologiques, BB-0033-00035, CHRU, Nancy, France (JMV, GG); and Department of Neurosurgery, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (MK, MP)
| | - Celso Pouget
- From the Department of Pathology, CHRU, Nancy, France (CL, CP, MT JMC, JMV, GG); Department of Neurosurgery, CHRU, Nancy, France (FR); INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Montpellier, France (FR); INSERM U954, NGERE, Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (RP, JMV, GG); Laboratory of Neuropathology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (FB, KM); INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France (FB, KM, MK, MP); Centre de Ressources Biologiques, BB-0033-00035, CHRU, Nancy, France (JMV, GG); and Department of Neurosurgery, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (MK, MP)
| | - Fabien Rech
- From the Department of Pathology, CHRU, Nancy, France (CL, CP, MT JMC, JMV, GG); Department of Neurosurgery, CHRU, Nancy, France (FR); INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Montpellier, France (FR); INSERM U954, NGERE, Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (RP, JMV, GG); Laboratory of Neuropathology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (FB, KM); INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France (FB, KM, MK, MP); Centre de Ressources Biologiques, BB-0033-00035, CHRU, Nancy, France (JMV, GG); and Department of Neurosurgery, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (MK, MP)
| | - Robin Pflaum
- From the Department of Pathology, CHRU, Nancy, France (CL, CP, MT JMC, JMV, GG); Department of Neurosurgery, CHRU, Nancy, France (FR); INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Montpellier, France (FR); INSERM U954, NGERE, Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (RP, JMV, GG); Laboratory of Neuropathology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (FB, KM); INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France (FB, KM, MK, MP); Centre de Ressources Biologiques, BB-0033-00035, CHRU, Nancy, France (JMV, GG); and Department of Neurosurgery, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (MK, MP)
| | - Mathilde Treffel
- From the Department of Pathology, CHRU, Nancy, France (CL, CP, MT JMC, JMV, GG); Department of Neurosurgery, CHRU, Nancy, France (FR); INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Montpellier, France (FR); INSERM U954, NGERE, Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (RP, JMV, GG); Laboratory of Neuropathology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (FB, KM); INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France (FB, KM, MK, MP); Centre de Ressources Biologiques, BB-0033-00035, CHRU, Nancy, France (JMV, GG); and Department of Neurosurgery, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (MK, MP)
| | - Franck Bielle
- From the Department of Pathology, CHRU, Nancy, France (CL, CP, MT JMC, JMV, GG); Department of Neurosurgery, CHRU, Nancy, France (FR); INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Montpellier, France (FR); INSERM U954, NGERE, Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (RP, JMV, GG); Laboratory of Neuropathology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (FB, KM); INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France (FB, KM, MK, MP); Centre de Ressources Biologiques, BB-0033-00035, CHRU, Nancy, France (JMV, GG); and Department of Neurosurgery, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (MK, MP)
| | - Karima Mokhtari
- From the Department of Pathology, CHRU, Nancy, France (CL, CP, MT JMC, JMV, GG); Department of Neurosurgery, CHRU, Nancy, France (FR); INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Montpellier, France (FR); INSERM U954, NGERE, Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (RP, JMV, GG); Laboratory of Neuropathology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (FB, KM); INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France (FB, KM, MK, MP); Centre de Ressources Biologiques, BB-0033-00035, CHRU, Nancy, France (JMV, GG); and Department of Neurosurgery, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (MK, MP)
| | - Jean-Matthieu Casse
- From the Department of Pathology, CHRU, Nancy, France (CL, CP, MT JMC, JMV, GG); Department of Neurosurgery, CHRU, Nancy, France (FR); INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Montpellier, France (FR); INSERM U954, NGERE, Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (RP, JMV, GG); Laboratory of Neuropathology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (FB, KM); INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France (FB, KM, MK, MP); Centre de Ressources Biologiques, BB-0033-00035, CHRU, Nancy, France (JMV, GG); and Department of Neurosurgery, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (MK, MP)
| | - Jean-Michel Vignaud
- From the Department of Pathology, CHRU, Nancy, France (CL, CP, MT JMC, JMV, GG); Department of Neurosurgery, CHRU, Nancy, France (FR); INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Montpellier, France (FR); INSERM U954, NGERE, Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (RP, JMV, GG); Laboratory of Neuropathology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (FB, KM); INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France (FB, KM, MK, MP); Centre de Ressources Biologiques, BB-0033-00035, CHRU, Nancy, France (JMV, GG); and Department of Neurosurgery, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (MK, MP)
| | - Michel Kalamarides
- From the Department of Pathology, CHRU, Nancy, France (CL, CP, MT JMC, JMV, GG); Department of Neurosurgery, CHRU, Nancy, France (FR); INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Montpellier, France (FR); INSERM U954, NGERE, Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (RP, JMV, GG); Laboratory of Neuropathology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (FB, KM); INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France (FB, KM, MK, MP); Centre de Ressources Biologiques, BB-0033-00035, CHRU, Nancy, France (JMV, GG); and Department of Neurosurgery, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (MK, MP)
| | - Matthieu Peyre
- From the Department of Pathology, CHRU, Nancy, France (CL, CP, MT JMC, JMV, GG); Department of Neurosurgery, CHRU, Nancy, France (FR); INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Montpellier, France (FR); INSERM U954, NGERE, Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (RP, JMV, GG); Laboratory of Neuropathology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (FB, KM); INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France (FB, KM, MK, MP); Centre de Ressources Biologiques, BB-0033-00035, CHRU, Nancy, France (JMV, GG); and Department of Neurosurgery, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (MK, MP)
| | - Guillaume Gauchotte
- From the Department of Pathology, CHRU, Nancy, France (CL, CP, MT JMC, JMV, GG); Department of Neurosurgery, CHRU, Nancy, France (FR); INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Montpellier, France (FR); INSERM U954, NGERE, Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (RP, JMV, GG); Laboratory of Neuropathology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (FB, KM); INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France (FB, KM, MK, MP); Centre de Ressources Biologiques, BB-0033-00035, CHRU, Nancy, France (JMV, GG); and Department of Neurosurgery, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (MK, MP)
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12
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Gao N, Wang XX, Sun JR, Yu WZ, Li XZ. Clinical impact of galectin-3 in newly diagnosed t (15;17)(q22;q21)/PML-RARa acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide-based regimens. Ann Hematol 2017; 96:711-718. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-017-2948-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Prognostic impact of MYC protein expression in central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: comparison with MYC rearrangement and MYC mRNA expression. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:4-14. [PMID: 27687005 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prognostic role of MYC has been well documented in non-central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; however, it remains controversial in central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. To investigate the prognostic value of MYC, we analyzed the MYC protein expression by immunohistochemistry, mRNA expression by RNA in situ hybridization, and gene status by fluorescence in situ hybridization in 74 cases of central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Moreover, we examined the correlation between MYC translocation, mRNA expression, and protein expression. The mean percentage of MYC immunopositive cells was 49%. Using a 44% cutoff value, 49 (66%) cases showed MYC protein overexpression. The result of mRNA in situ hybridization using the RNA scope technology was obtained using the H-scoring system; the median value was 34.2. Using the cutoff value of 63.5, 16 (22%) cases showed MYC mRNA overexpression. MYC gene rearrangement was detected in five out of 68 (7%) cases. MYC translocation showed no statistically significant correlation with mRNA expression; however, all MYC translocation-positive cases showed MYC protein overexpression, with a higher mean percentage of MYC protein expression than that of translocation-negative cases (78 vs 48%, P=0.001). The level of MYC mRNA expression was moderately correlated with the level of MYC protein expression (P<0.001). The mean percentage of MYC protein expression in the high MYC mRNA group was higher than that in the low MYC mRNA group (70 vs 47%, P<0.001). A univariate analysis showed that age over 60 years, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≥2 and MYC protein overexpression were significantly associated with an increased risk of death. MYC translocation and MYC mRNA expression had no prognostic significance. On multivariate analysis, MYC protein overexpression and ECOG score retained prognostic significance.
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14
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Gao N, Yu WZ, Guo NJ, Wang XX, Sun JR. Clinical significance of galectin-3 in patients with adult acute myeloid leukemia: a retrospective cohort study with long-term follow-up and formulation of risk scoring system. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:1394-1402. [PMID: 27736291 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1243677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 plays an increasingly important role in development and progression of tumor. However, little is known about the clinical impact of galectin-3 in non-acute promyelocytic leukemia (non-M3 AML). Peripheral blood of 298 patients with primary non-M3 AML and 30 normal donors was collected for measurement of galectin-3. Galectin-3 levels were significantly higher compared with the control group (p < .001). Patients with higher galectin-3 levels had lower CR rates (p = .001) and 1-year overall survival (OS) rates (p = .002). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that higher galectin-3 levels group had significantly shorter OS. Cox regression model revealed high galectin-3 level was an independent poor prognostic factor. A scoring system incorporating galectin-3 and other prognostic factors (age, WBC, karyotype, NPM1/FLT3-ITD, CEBPAdouble-mutation and c-KIT, WT1) was formulated to predict prognosis. In conclusion, galectin-3 may be a reliable prognostic marker in AML patients. The multifactorial scoring system was more powerful than a single factor to predict clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Gao
- a Department of hematology , Binzhou Medical University Hospital , Binzhou , Shandong , PR China
| | - Wen-Zheng Yu
- a Department of hematology , Binzhou Medical University Hospital , Binzhou , Shandong , PR China
| | - Nong-Jian Guo
- b Department of hematology, Central Hospital of Jinan , Shandong University School of Medicine , Jinan , Shandong , PR China
| | - Xue-Xia Wang
- a Department of hematology , Binzhou Medical University Hospital , Binzhou , Shandong , PR China
| | - Jian-Rong Sun
- a Department of hematology , Binzhou Medical University Hospital , Binzhou , Shandong , PR China
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15
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Conrad ML, Freitag N, Diessler ME, Hernandez R, Barrientos G, Rose M, Casas LA, Barbeito CG, Blois SM. Differential Spatiotemporal Patterns of Galectin Expression are a Hallmark of Endotheliochorial Placentation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 75:317-25. [PMID: 26589652 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Galectins influence the progress of pregnancy by regulating key processes associated with embryo-maternal cross talk, including angiogenesis and placentation. Galectin family members exert multiple roles in the context of hemochorial and epitheliochorial placentation; however, the galectin prolife in endotheliochorial placenta remains to be investigated. METHOD OF STUDY Here, we used immunohistochemistry to analyze galectin (gal)-1, gal-3 and gal-9 expression during early and late endotheliochorial placentation in two different species (dogs and cats). RESULTS We found that during early feline gestation, all three galectin members were more strongly expressed on trophoblast and maternal vessels compared to the decidua. This was accompanied by an overall decrease of gal-1, gal-3 and gal-9 expressions in late feline gestation. In canine early pregnancy, we observed that gal-1 and gal-9 were expressed strongly in cytotrophoblast (CTB) cells compared to gal-3, and no galectin expression was observed in syncytiotrophoblast (STB) cells. Progression of canine gestation was accompanied by increased gal-1 and gal-3 expressions on STB cells, whereas gal-9 expression remained similar in CTB and STB. CONCLUSION These data suggest that both the maternal and fetal compartments are characterized by a spatiotemporal regulation of galectin expression during endotheliochorial placentation. This strongly suggests the involvement of the galectin family in important developmental processes during gestation including immunemodulation, trophoblast invasion and angiogenesis. A conserved functional role for galectins during mammalian placental development emerges from these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Conrad
- Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nancy Freitag
- Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mónica E Diessler
- Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rocío Hernandez
- Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Barrientos
- Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matthias Rose
- Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Claudio G Barbeito
- Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra M Blois
- Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Montesinos-Rongen M, Purschke FG, Brunn A, May C, Nordhoff E, Marcus K, Deckert M. Primary Central Nervous System (CNS) Lymphoma B Cell Receptors Recognize CNS Proteins. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1312-9. [PMID: 26116512 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Primary lymphoma of the CNS (PCNSL) is a diffuse large B cell lymphoma confined to the CNS. To elucidate its peculiar organ tropism, we generated recombinant Abs (recAbs) identical to the BCR of 23 PCNSLs from immunocompetent patients. Although none of the recAbs showed self-reactivity upon testing with common autoantigens, they recognized 1547 proteins present on a large-scale protein microarray, indicating polyreactivity. Interestingly, proteins (GRINL1A, centaurin-α, BAIAP2) recognized by the recAbs are physiologically expressed by CNS neurons. Furthermore, 87% (20/23) of the recAbs, including all Abs derived from IGHV4-34 using PCNSL, recognized galectin-3, which was upregulated on microglia/macrophages, astrocytes, and cerebral endothelial cells upon CNS invasion by PCNSL. Thus, PCNSL Ig may recognize CNS proteins as self-Ags. Their interaction may contribute to BCR signaling with sustained NF-κB activation and, ultimately, may foster tumor cell proliferation and survival. These data may also explain, at least in part, the affinity of PCNSL cells for the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frauke G Purschke
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Cologne, D-50925 Cologne, Germany; and
| | - Anna Brunn
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Cologne, D-50925 Cologne, Germany; and
| | - Caroline May
- Medical Proteome-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Eckhard Nordhoff
- Medical Proteome-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Katrin Marcus
- Medical Proteome-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Martina Deckert
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Cologne, D-50925 Cologne, Germany; and
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Gill KZ, Iwamoto F, Allen A, Hoehn D, Murty VV, Alobeid B, Bhagat G. MYC protein expression in primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114398. [PMID: 25479599 PMCID: PMC4257680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS DLBCL) is a rare, aggressive subtype of DLBCL, the biology of which is poorly understood. Recent studies have suggested a prognostic role of MYC protein expression in systemic DLBCL, but little is known about the frequency and significance of MYC protein expression in CNS DLBCL. Hence, we investigated MYC protein expression profiles of CNS DLBCL and assessed the relationship between MYC expression and a variety of histopathologic, immunophenotypic, genetic, and clinical features. Fifty-nine CNS DLBCL diagnosed at our institution over the past 13 years were evaluated. The majority of cases (80%) showed centroblastic morphology, and 12 (20%) displayed a perivascular pattern of infiltration. According to the Hans criteria, 41 (69%) cases had a non-germinal center B-cell and 18 (31%) had a germinal center B-cell cell-of-origin (COO) phenotype. Mean MYC protein expression was 50% (median: 50%, range: 10-80%). Forty-three cases (73%) showed MYC overexpression (≥ 40%), and 35 (60%) showed MYC/BCL2 coexpression. MYC overexpression was seen in the single case harboring MYC translocation and in the cases showing increased copies of MYC (27%); however, no significant difference in mean MYC expression was seen between groups harboring or lacking MYC aberrations. In our series, age was associated with a significantly increased risk of death, and the perivascular pattern of infiltration was associated with a significantly increased risk of disease progression. Neither MYC expression (with or without BCL2 coexpression) nor other variables, including COO subtype were predictive of clinical outcome. Our findings indicate that the proportion of CNS DLBCL overexpressing MYC is higher compared to systemic DLBCL, and MYC overexpression appears to be independent of genetic MYC abnormalities. Thus, MYC expression and other immunophenotypic markers used for prognostication of systemic DLBCL might not apply to CNS DLBCL due to differences in disease biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamraan Z. Gill
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, United States of America
| | - Fabio Iwamoto
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, United States of America
| | - Ashleigh Allen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, United States of America
| | - Daniela Hoehn
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, United States of America
| | - Vundavalli V. Murty
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, United States of America
| | - Bachir Alobeid
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, United States of America
| | - Govind Bhagat
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, United States of America
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Griffioen AW, Thijssen VL. Galectins in tumor angiogenesis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2014; 2:90. [PMID: 25405165 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2014.09.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The expansion of solid tumors depends on the continuous ingrowth of new blood vessels out of pre-existing capillaries. Consequently, tumor neovascularization or tumor angiogenesis is considered a hallmark of cancer and an attractive target for cancer therapy. Tumor angiogenesis is mainly carried out by endothelial cells (EC), i.e., the cells lining the luminal vessel wall. These cells have to take on different functional activities in order to successfully make new tumor blood vessels. In the last decade it has become apparent that galectins are important regulators of tumor angiogenesis. In the present review we summarize the current knowledge regarding the role galectins in tumor angiogenesis focussing on the endothelial galectins, i.e., gal-1/-3/-8/-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan W Griffioen
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, Angiogenesis Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor L Thijssen
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, Angiogenesis Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Funasaka T, Raz A, Nangia-Makker P. Galectin-3 in angiogenesis and metastasis. Glycobiology 2014; 24:886-91. [PMID: 25138305 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a member of the family of β-galactoside-binding lectins characterized by evolutionarily conserved sequences defined by structural similarities in their carbohydrate-recognition domains. Galectin-3 is a unique, chimeric protein consisting of three distinct structural motifs: (i) a short NH2 terminal domain containing a serine phosphorylation site; (ii) a repetitive proline-rich collagen-α-like sequence cleavable by matrix metalloproteases; and (iii) a globular COOH-terminal domain containing a carbohydrate-binding motif and an NWGR anti-death motif. It is ubiquitously expressed and has diverse biological functions depending on its subcellular localization. Galectin-3 is mainly found in the cytoplasm, also seen in the nucleus and can be secreted by non-classical, secretory pathways. In general, secreted galectin-3 mediates cell migration, cell adhesion and cell-cell interactions through the binding with high affinity to galactose-containing glycoproteins on the cell surface. Cytoplasmic galectin-3 exhibits anti-apoptotic activity and regulates several signal transduction pathways, whereas nuclear galectin-3 has been associated with pre-mRNA splicing and gene expression. Its unique chimeric structure enables it to interact with a plethora of ligands and modulate diverse functions such as cell growth, adhesion, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, immune function, apoptosis and endocytosis emphasizing its significance in the process of tumor progression. In this review, we have focused on the role of galectin-3 in tumor metastasis with special emphasis on angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avraham Raz
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Pratima Nangia-Makker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201
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D'Haene N, Maris C, Rorive S, Decaestecker C, Le Mercier M, Salmon I. Galectins and neovascularization in central nervous system tumors. Glycobiology 2014; 24:892-8. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Galectin-3 in cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 431:185-91. [PMID: 24530298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) plays important roles in cell proliferation, adhesion, differentiation, angiogenesis and apoptosis in normal and pathologic tissues. Accumulated evidences indicate that Gal-3 is closely involved in tumor cell transformation, migration, invasion and metastasis. In this review, the associations of the expression and localization of Gal-3 as well as its potential action mechanism in tumorigenesis in a variety of cancers were summarized and concluded. Gal-3 is gaining its attraction as a potential new biomarker for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of certain tumors.
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Endothelial LGALS9 splice variant expression in endothelial cell biology and angiogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:284-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Thijssen VL, Rabinovich GA, Griffioen AW. Vascular galectins: regulators of tumor progression and targets for cancer therapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:547-58. [PMID: 23942184 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of carbohydrate binding proteins with a broad range of cytokine and growth factor-like functions in multiple steps of cancer progression. They contribute to tumor cell transformation, promote tumor angiogenesis, hamper the anti-tumor immune response, and facilitate tumor metastasis. Consequently, galectins are considered as multifunctional targets for cancer therapy. Interestingly, many of the functions related to tumor progression can be linked to galectins expressed by endothelial cells in the tumor vascular bed. Since the tumor vasculature is an easily accessible target for cancer therapy, understanding how galectins in the tumor endothelium influence cancer progression is important for the translational development of galectin-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor L Thijssen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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D'Haene N, Sauvage S, Maris C, Adanja I, Le Mercier M, Decaestecker C, Baum L, Salmon I. VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 involvement in extracellular galectin-1- and galectin-3-induced angiogenesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67029. [PMID: 23799140 PMCID: PMC3684579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Accumulating evidence suggests that extracellular galectin-1 and galectin-3 promote angiogenesis. Increased expression of galectin-1 and/or galectin-3 has been reported to be associated with tumour progression. Thus, it is critical to identify their influence on angiogenesis. METHODS We examined the individual and combined effects of galectin-1 and galectin-3 on endothelial cell (EC) growth and tube formation using two EC lines, EA.hy926 and HUVEC. The activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR1 and VEGFR2) was determined by ELISA and Western blots. We evaluated the VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 levels in endosomes by proximity ligation assay. RESULTS We observed different responses to exogenous galectins depending on the EC line. An enhanced effect on EA.hy926 cell growth and tube formation was observed when both galectins were added together. Focusing on this enhanced effect, we observed that together galectins induced the phosphorylation of both VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, whereas galectin-1 and -3 alone induced VEGFR2 phosphorylation only. In the same way, the addition of a blocking VEGFR1 antibody completely abolished the increase in tube formation induced by the combined addition of both galectins. In contrast, the addition of a blocking VEGFR2 antibody only partially inhibited this effect. Finally, the addition of both galectins induced a decrease in the VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 endocytic pools, with a significantly enhanced effect on the VEGFR1 endocytic pool. These results suggest that the combined action of galectin-1 and galectin-3 has an enhanced effect on angiogenesis via VEGFR1 activation, which could be related to a decrease in receptor endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky D'Haene
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Calliope Maris
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Adanja
- Laboratory of Image Synthesis and Analysis, Brussels School of Engineering/Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Christine Decaestecker
- Laboratory of Image Synthesis and Analysis, Brussels School of Engineering/Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- DIAPATH – Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), ULB, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Linda Baum
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Isabelle Salmon
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
- DIAPATH – Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), ULB, Gosselies, Belgium
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He M, Zuo C, Wang J, Liu J, Jiao B, Zheng J, Cai Z. Prognostic significance of the aggregative perivascular growth pattern of tumor cells in primary central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:727-34. [PMID: 23482670 PMCID: PMC3661096 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary central nervous system lymphomas, predominantly diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (PCNS-DLBCL), are aggressive malignancies, and no histopathological variables with independent prognostic value are currently available. The aim of this study is to determine the prognostic value of histopathological variables of PCNS-DLBCL. METHODS Aggregative perivascular tumor cells (APVTs) and reactive perivascular T cell infiltrates (RPVIs) in tumor samples from 62 immunocompetent patients with PCNS-DLBCL were histopathologically and immunohistochemically studied. A mouse brain DLBCL model was established to confirm the special morphological features of PCNS-DLBCL. The therapy, overall response rate (ORR), and overall survival (OS) among patients were followed up. RESULTS APVT was present in 54 (87%) of the 62 cases, whereas RPVI was present in 20 (32%). Patients with APVT-positive lesions exhibited significantly worse OS, with intermediate to high International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group (IELSG) scores, compared with patients with RPVI-positive lesions. Among cases of APVT-positive lymphoma, the semiquantitative score of immunostaining of X-box-binding protein (XBP1) and CD44 demonstrated prognostic significance. Multivariate analysis confirmed independent associations between APVT and XBP1 and between CD44 staining and survival. CONCLUSIONS The presence of APVT and staining of XBP1 and CD44 are independently associated with survival among patients with PCNS-DLBCL. These features could be routinely assessed in histopathological and immunohistochemical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoxia He
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Blasel S, Jurcoane A, Bähr O, Weise L, Harter PN, Hattingen E. MR perfusion in and around the contrast-enhancement of primary CNS lymphomas. J Neurooncol 2013; 114:127-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Higher bone marrow LGALS3 expression is an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2013; 121:3172-80. [PMID: 23449638 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-07-443762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations of galectin-3 expression are often seen in cancers and may contribute to tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and metastasis. The studies concerning clinical implications of galectin-3 expression in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are scarce. We investigated the expression of LGALS3, the gene encoding galectin-3, in the bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells from an original cohort comprising 280 adults with primary non-acute promyelocytic leukemia. Higher LGALS3 expression was closely associated with older age, French-American-British M4/M5 subtypes, CD14 expression on leukemic cells, and PTPN11 mutation, but negatively correlated with CEBPA mutation and FLT3-ITD. Compared with patients with lower LGALS3 expression, those with higher expression had lower complete remission rates, higher primary refractory rates, and shorter overall survival. This result was validated in an independent validation cohort. A scoring system incorporating higher LGALS3 expression and 8 other risk factors, including age, white blood cell count, cytogenetics, and gene mutations, into survival analysis proved to be very useful to stratify patients with AML into different prognostic groups (P < .001). In conclusion, BM LGALS3 expression may serve as a new biomarker to predict clinical outcome in patients with AML, and galectin-3 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in those patients with higher expression of this protein.
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Ghesquières H, Drouet Y, Sunyach MP, Sebban C, Chassagne-Clement C, Jouanneau E, Honnorat J, Biron P, Blay JY. Evidence of time-dependent prognostic factors predicting early death but not long-term outcome in primary CNS lymphoma: a study of 91 patients. Hematol Oncol 2012; 31:57-64. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Ghesquières
- Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard; Department of Hematology; Lyon; France
| | | | - Marie Pierre Sunyach
- Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard; Department of Radiotherapy; Lyon; France
| | - Catherine Sebban
- Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard; Department of Hematology; Lyon; France
| | | | - Emmanuel Jouanneau
- Université de Lyon; Hopital Neurologique, Department of Neurosurgery; Bron; France
| | - Jérome Honnorat
- Université de Lyon; Hopital Neurologique, Department of Neurology; Bron; France
| | - Pierre Biron
- Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard; Department of Hematology; Lyon; France
| | - Jean Yves Blay
- Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard; Department of Hematology; Lyon; France
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van Krieken JHJM. New developments in the pathology of malignant lymphoma: a review of the literature published from January to April 2008. J Hematop 2009; 1:37-45. [PMID: 19669203 PMCID: PMC2712329 DOI: 10.1007/s12308-008-0010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Han J M van Krieken
- Department of Pathology, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9101, 6500, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
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30
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Current Awareness in Hematological Oncology. Hematol Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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