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Engelmann C, Schuhmachers P, Zdimerova H, Virdi S, Hauri-Hohl M, Pachlopnik Schmid J, Grundhoff A, Marsh RA, Wong WWL, Münz C. Epstein Barr virus-mediated transformation of B cells from XIAP-deficient patients leads to increased expression of the tumor suppressor CADM1. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:892. [PMID: 36270981 PMCID: PMC9587222 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05337-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) is either caused by loss of the SLAM-associated protein (SAP; XLP-1) or the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP; XLP-2). In both instances, infection with the oncogenic human Epstein Barr virus (EBV) leads to pathology, but EBV-associated lymphomas only emerge in XLP-1 patients. Therefore, we investigated the role of XIAP during B cell transformation by EBV. Using humanized mice, IAP inhibition in EBV-infected mice led to a loss of B cells and a tendency to lower viral titers and lymphomagenesis. Loss of memory B cells was also observed in four newly described patients with XIAP deficiency. EBV was able to transform their B cells into lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) with similar growth characteristics to patient mothers' LCLs in vitro and in vivo. Gene expression analysis revealed modest elevated lytic EBV gene transcription as well as the expression of the tumor suppressor cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1). CADM1 expression on EBV-infected B cells might therefore inhibit EBV-associated lymphomagenesis in patients and result in the absence of EBV-associated malignancies in XLP-2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Engelmann
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Schuhmachers
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hana Zdimerova
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sanamjeet Virdi
- grid.418481.00000 0001 0665 103XVirus Genomics, Heinrich Pette Institute, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Hauri-Hohl
- grid.412341.10000 0001 0726 4330Division of Immunology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jana Pachlopnik Schmid
- grid.412341.10000 0001 0726 4330Division of Immunology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adam Grundhoff
- grid.418481.00000 0001 0665 103XVirus Genomics, Heinrich Pette Institute, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca A. Marsh
- grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Wendy Wei-Lynn Wong
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Cell Death and Regulation of Inflammation, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Münz
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Lafage-Pochitaloff M, Gerby B, Baccini V, Largeaud L, Fregona V, Prade N, Juvin PY, Jamrog L, Bories P, Hébrard S, Lagarde S, Mansat-De Mas V, Dovey OM, Yusa K, Vassiliou GS, Jansen JH, Tekath T, Rombaut D, Ameye G, Barin C, Bidet A, Boudjarane J, Collonge-Rame MA, Gervais C, Ittel A, Lefebvre C, Luquet I, Michaux L, Nadal N, Poirel HA, Radford-Weiss I, Ribourtout B, Richebourg S, Struski S, Terré C, Tigaud I, Penther D, Eclache V, Fontenay M, Broccardo C, Delabesse, E. The CADM1 tumor suppressor gene is a major candidate gene in MDS with deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11. Blood Adv 2022; 6:386-398. [PMID: 34638130 PMCID: PMC8791575 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis leading to peripheral cytopenias and in a substantial proportion of cases to acute myeloid leukemia. The deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11, del(11q), is a rare but recurrent clonal event in MDS. Here, we detail the largest series of 113 cases of MDS and myelodysplastic syndromes/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) harboring a del(11q) analyzed at clinical, cytological, cytogenetic, and molecular levels. Female predominance, a survival prognosis similar to other MDS, a low monocyte count, and dysmegakaryopoiesis were the specific clinical and cytological features of del(11q) MDS. In most cases, del(11q) was isolated, primary and interstitial encompassing the 11q22-23 region containing ATM, KMT2A, and CBL genes. The common deleted region at 11q23.2 is centered on an intergenic region between CADM1 (also known as Tumor Suppressor in Lung Cancer 1) and NXPE2. CADM1 was expressed in all myeloid cells analyzed in contrast to NXPE2. At the functional level, the deletion of Cadm1 in murine Lineage-Sca1+Kit+ cells modifies the lymphoid-to-myeloid ratio in bone marrow, although not altering their multilineage hematopoietic reconstitution potential after syngenic transplantation. Together with the frequent simultaneous deletions of KMT2A, ATM, and CBL and mutations of ASXL1, SF3B1, and CBL, we show that CADM1 may be important in the physiopathology of the del(11q) MDS, extending its role as tumor-suppressor gene from solid tumors to hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lafage-Pochitaloff
- Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH)
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique Hématologique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Bastien Gerby
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Team 16, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Baccini
- Groupe Francophone d’Hématologie Cellulaire (GFHC) and
- Laboratoire d’hématologie, CHU de Guadeloupe, Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1134, Pointe à Pitre, France
| | - Laetitia Largeaud
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Team 16, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie de Toulouse, CHU Toulouse, France
- Department of Hematology, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Fregona
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Team 16, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
| | - Naïs Prade
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Team 16, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie de Toulouse, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Juvin
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Team 16, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Jamrog
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Team 16, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Bories
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Team 16, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Hébrard
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Team 16, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Lagarde
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Team 16, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie de Toulouse, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Mansat-De Mas
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie de Toulouse, CHU Toulouse, France
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Team 8, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
| | - Oliver M. Dovey
- Gene Editing, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kosuke Yusa
- Stem Cell Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - George S. Vassiliou
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joop H. Jansen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Tekath
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - David Rombaut
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Inserm U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Ameye
- Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH)
- Belgium Cancer Registry, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Universitair Ziekenhuis, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carole Barin
- Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH)
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, CHU de Tours, France
| | - Audrey Bidet
- Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH)
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - John Boudjarane
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique Hématologique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Collonge-Rame
- Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH)
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Carine Gervais
- Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH)
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, CHU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Antoine Ittel
- Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH)
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Christine Lefebvre
- Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH)
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Luquet
- Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH)
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie de Toulouse, CHU Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Lucienne Michaux
- Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH)
- Department of Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Universitair Ziekenhuis, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Nadal
- Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH)
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Hélène A. Poirel
- Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH)
- Belgium Cancer Registry, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Radford-Weiss
- Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH)
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, CHU de Paris-Necker, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Ribourtout
- Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH)
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Steven Richebourg
- Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH)
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphanie Struski
- Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH)
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie de Toulouse, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Terré
- Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH)
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, CH de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Isabelle Tigaud
- Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH)
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, CHU de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Dominique Penther
- Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH)
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, Centre Henri-Becquerel, Rouen, France
| | - Virginie Eclache
- Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH)
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, CHU Avicenne, Bobigny, France
- Groupe Francophone des Myélodysplasies (GFM); and
| | - Michaela Fontenay
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Inserm U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris, France
- Groupe Francophone des Myélodysplasies (GFM); and
- Laboratoire d’hématologie, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Broccardo
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Team 16, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Delabesse,
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Team 16, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie de Toulouse, CHU Toulouse, France
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Exosomal DNMT1 mRNA transcript is elevated in acute lymphoblastic leukemia which might reprograms leukemia progression. Cancer Genet 2021; 260-261:57-64. [PMID: 34426211 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNMT1 (DNA-methyltransferase 1) is an enzyme which contributes to the process of normal embryonic development, and aberrant expression of DNMT1 leads to tumor/leukemia progression by inducing significant changes in DNA methylation and epigenetics. We found that DNMT1 mRNA transcript is elevated in Exo-PALL compared to Exo-HD. We also confirmed and showed heightened levels of DNMT1 mRNA transcript in Exo-CM of leukemia cell lines. Co-culture of Exo-PALL with target cells (leukemia B cells) showed transfer of exosomal DNMT1 mRNA transcript into the target cells, which may reprogram the biological nature of normal healthy cells and leukemia cells.
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4
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Nakahata S, Syahrul C, Nakatake A, Sakamoto K, Yoshihama M, Nishikata I, Ukai Y, Matsuura T, Kameda T, Shide K, Kubuki Y, Hidaka T, Kitanaka A, Ito A, Takemoto S, Nakano N, Saito M, Iwanaga M, Sagara Y, Mochida K, Amano M, Maeda K, Sueoka E, Okayama A, Utsunomiya A, Shimoda K, Watanabe T, Morishita K. Clinical significance of soluble CADM1 as a novel marker for adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Haematologica 2021; 106:532-542. [PMID: 32054656 PMCID: PMC7849584 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.234096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/leukemia (ATLL) is an aggressive peripheral T-cell malignancy, caused by infection with the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). We recently showed that the cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is specifically and consistently overexpressed in ATLL cells, and functions as a novel cell surface marker. In this study, we first show that a soluble form of CADM1 (sCADM1) is secreted from ATLL cells by mainly alternative splicing. After developing the Alpha linked immunosorbent assay (AlphaLISA) for sCADM1, we show that plasma sCADM1 concentrations gradually increased during disease progression from indolent to aggressive ATLL. Although other known biomarkers of tumor burden such as soluble interleukin-2 receptor α (sIL-2Rα) also increased with sCADM1 during ATLL progression, multivariate statistical analysis of biomarkers revealed that only plasma sCADM1 was selected as a specific biomarker for aggressive ATLL, suggesting that plasma sCADM1 may be a potential risk factor for aggressive ATLL. In addition, plasma sCADM1 is a useful marker for monitoring response to chemotherapy as well as for predicting relapse of ATLL. Furthermore, the change in sCADM1 concentration between indolent and aggressive type ATLL was more prominent than the change in the percentage of CD4+CADM1+ ATLL cells. As plasma sCADM1 values fell within normal ranges in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patients with higher levels of serum sIL-2Rα, the measurement of sCADM1 may become a useful tool to discriminate between ATLL and other inflammatory diseases, including HAM/TSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nakahata
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Chilmi Syahrul
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ayako Nakatake
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kuniyo Sakamoto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Maki Yoshihama
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nishikata
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | | | - Takuro Kameda
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kotaro Shide
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoko Kubuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hidaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Akira Kitanaka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Takemoto
- National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Nakano
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Masako Iwanaga
- Dept of Frontier Life Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Yasuko Sagara
- Japanese Red Cross Kyushu Block Blood Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Mochida
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Amano
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kouichi Maeda
- Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Miyakonojo Medical Center, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Eisaburo Sueoka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Akihiko Okayama
- Dept. of Infectious Diseases and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Atae Utsunomiya
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimoda
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Toshiki Watanabe
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Guimaraes-Young A, Feddersen CR, Dupuy AJ. Sleeping Beauty Mouse Models of Cancer: Microenvironmental Influences on Cancer Genetics. Front Oncol 2019; 9:611. [PMID: 31338332 PMCID: PMC6629774 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon insertional mutagenesis system offers a streamlined approach to identify genetic drivers of cancer. With a relatively random insertion profile, SB is uniquely positioned for conducting unbiased forward genetic screens. Indeed, SB mouse models of cancer have revealed insights into the genetics of tumorigenesis. In this review, we highlight experiments that have exploited the SB system to interrogate the genetics of cancer in distinct biological contexts. We also propose experimental designs that could further our understanding of the relationship between tumor microenvironment and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Guimaraes-Young
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Charlotte R Feddersen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Adam J Dupuy
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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The ubiquitous 'cancer mutational signature' 5 occurs specifically in cancers with deleted FHIT alleles. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102199-102211. [PMID: 29254236 PMCID: PMC5731946 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The FHIT gene is located at the fragile FRA3B locus where activation by carcinogen-induced and endogenous replication stress causes FHIT deletions even in normal cells over a lifetime. Our lab has shown that loss of FHIT expression causes genome instability and provides single-strand DNA substrates for APOBEC3B hypermutation, in line with evidence that FHIT locus deletions occur in many cancers. Based on these biological features, we hypothesized that FHIT loss drives development of COSMIC mutational signature 5 and here provide evidence, including data mining of >6,500 TCGA samples, that FHIT is the cancer-associated gene with copy number alterations correlating most significantly with signature 5 mutation rate. In addition, tissues of Fhit-deficient mice exhibit a mutational signature strongly resembling signature 5 (cosine similarity value = 0.89). We conclude that FHIT loss is a molecular determinant for signature 5 mutations, which occur in all cancer types early in cancer development, are clock-like, and accelerated by carcinogen exposure. Loss of FHIT caretaker function may be a predictive and preventive marker for cancer development.
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7
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Bahari G, Hashemi M, Naderi M, Sadeghi-Bojd S, Taheri M. FHIT promoter DNA methylation and expression analysis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5034-5038. [PMID: 29085517 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile histidine triad (FHIT) is a tumor suppressor gene, which is involved in several malignancies. Epigenetic alterations in FHIT have been hypothesized to contribute to tumorigenesis. The present study aimed to examine DNA promoter methylation and gene expression levels of FHIT in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), in a sample of Iranian patients. The promoter methylation status of FHIT was analyzed in 100 patients diagnosed with ALL and 120 healthy control patients. mRNA expression levels were assessed in 30 new cases of ALL compared with 32 healthy controls. Hypermethylation of the FHIT promoter was significantly more frequent in patients with ALL than in healthy controls (OR=3.83, 95% CI=1.51-9.75, P=0.007). Furthermore, FHIT mRNA expression levels were significantly reduced in childhood ALL patients compared with healthy controls (P=0.032). The results of the present study revealed that dysregulation of the FHIT gene may contribute to the pathogenesis of childhood ALL. Future studies investigating a larger sample population with greater ethnic diversity would be beneficial, to confirm the results from the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Bahari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167-43181, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167-43181, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167-43181, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167-43181, Iran
| | - Majid Naderi
- Department of Pediatrics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167-43181, Iran
| | - Simin Sadeghi-Bojd
- Department of Pediatrics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167-43181, Iran
| | - Mohsen Taheri
- Genetics of Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167-43181, Iran
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8
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Vos S, Moelans CB, van Diest PJ. BRCA promoter methylation in sporadic versus BRCA germline mutation-related breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:64. [PMID: 28569220 PMCID: PMC5452400 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In breast cancer, BRCA promoter hypermethylation and BRCA germline mutations are said to occur together rarely, but this property has not yet been translated into a clinical test. Our aim in this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of BRCA1/2 methylation in distinguishing breast carcinomas of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation carriers from sporadic breast carcinomas using a recently developed BRCA methylation assay based on methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA). Methods MS-MLPAs were performed to assess BRCA1 and BRCA2 methylation in breast carcinoma tissues from 39 BRCA1 and 33 BRCA2 germline mutation carriers, 80 patients with sporadic breast cancer, and normal breast tissues from 5 BRCA1 and 4 BRCA2 mutation carriers and 5 nonmutation carriers. Results Methylation frequencies varied considerably between CpG sites across the BRCA1 and BRCA2 promoters. Some CpG sites were methylated more frequently in BRCA1/2-related than in sporadic carcinomas, whereas other CpG sites were methylated more frequently in sporadic carcinomas, with large variances in sensitivity and specificity as a consequence. Conclusions The diagnostic value of BRCA promoter methylation analysis in distinguishing BRCA1/2-related from sporadic breast carcinomas seems to be considerably dependent on the targeted CpG sites. These findings are important for adequate use of BRCA methylation analysis as a prescreening tool for BRCA germline genetic testing or to identify BRCAness patients who may benefit from targeted therapies such as poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Vos
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Cathy Beatrice Moelans
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Joannes van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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9
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San Jose-Eneriz E, Agirre X, Rodríguez-Otero P, Prosper F. Epigenetic regulation of cell signaling pathways in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Epigenomics 2016; 5:525-38. [PMID: 24059799 DOI: 10.2217/epi.13.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous cancer that is characterized by rapid and uncontrolled proliferation of immature B- or T-lymphoid precursors. Although ALL has been regarded as a genetic disease for many years, the crucial importance of epigenetic alterations in leukemogenesis has become increasingly evident. Epigenetic mechanisms, which include DNA methylation and histone modifications, are critical for gene regulation during many key biological processes. Here, we review the cell signaling pathways that are regulated by DNA methylation or histone modifications in ALL. Recent studies have highlighted the fundamental role of these modifications in ALL development, and suggested that future investigation into the specific genes and pathways that are altered by epigenetic mechanisms can contribute to the development of novel drug-based therapies for ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edurne San Jose-Eneriz
- Oncology Division, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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10
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Sakaguchi H, Muramatsu H, Okuno Y, Makishima H, Xu Y, Furukawa-Hibi Y, Wang X, Narita A, Yoshida K, Shiraishi Y, Doisaki S, Yoshida N, Hama A, Takahashi Y, Yamada K, Miyano S, Ogawa S, Maciejewski JP, Kojima S. Aberrant DNA Methylation Is Associated with a Poor Outcome in Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145394. [PMID: 26720758 PMCID: PMC4697810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), an overlap of myelodysplastic / myeloproliferative neoplasm, is an intractable pediatric myeloid neoplasm. Epigenetic regulation of transcription, particularly by CpG methylation, plays an important role in tumor progression, mainly by repressing tumor-suppressor genes. To clarify the clinical importance of aberrant DNA methylation, we studied the hypermethylation status of 16 target genes in the genomes of 92 patients with JMML by bisulfite conversion and the pryosequencing technique. Among 16 candidate genes, BMP4, CALCA, CDKN2A, and RARB exhibited significant hypermethylation in 72% (67/92) of patients. Based on the number of hypermethylated genes, patients were stratified into three cohorts based on an aberrant methylation score (AMS) of 0, 1–2, or 3–4. In the AMS 0 cohort, the 5-year overall survival (OS) and transplantation-free survival (TFS) were good (69% and 76%, respectively). In the AMS 1–2 cohort, the 5-year OS was comparable to that in the AMS 0 cohort (68%), whereas TFS was poor (6%). In the AMS 3–4 cohort, 5-year OS and TFS were markedly low (8% and 0%, respectively). Epigenetic analysis provides helpful information for clinicians to select treatment strategies for patients with JMML. For patients with AMS 3–4 in whom hematopoietic stem cell transplantation does not improve the prognosis, alternative therapies, including DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and new molecular-targeting agents, should be established as treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Sakaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Makishima
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yinyan Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoko Furukawa-Hibi
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Xinan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Narita
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shiraishi
- Laboratory of DNA information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayoko Doisaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nao Yoshida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Asahito Hama
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Laboratory of DNA information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Seiji Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
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11
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Roberts KG, Mullighan CG. Genomics in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: insights and treatment implications. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2015; 12:344-57. [PMID: 25781572 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the commonest childhood cancer and an important cause of morbidity from haematological malignancies in adults. In the past several years, we have witnessed major advances in the understanding of the genetic basis of ALL. Genome-wide profiling studies, including microarray analysis and genome sequencing, have helped identify multiple key cellular pathways that are frequently mutated in ALL such as lymphoid development, tumour suppression, cytokine receptors, kinase and Ras signalling, and chromatin remodeling. These studies have characterized new subtypes of ALL, notably Philadelphia chromosome-like ALL, which is a high-risk subtype characterized by a diverse range of alterations that activate cytokine receptors or tyrosine kinases amenable to inhibition with approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Genomic profiling has also enabled the identification of inherited genetic variants of ALL that influence the risk of leukaemia development, and characterization of the relationship between genetic variants, clonal heterogeneity and the risk of relapse. Many of these findings are of direct clinical relevance and ongoing studies implementing clinical sequencing in leukaemia diagnosis and management have great potential to improve the outcome of patients with high-risk ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn G Roberts
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 342, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Charles G Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 342, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Gabriel AS, Lafta FM, Schwalbe EC, Nakjang S, Cockell SJ, Iliasova A, Enshaei A, Schwab C, Rand V, Clifford SC, Kinsey SE, Mitchell CD, Vora A, Harrison CJ, Moorman AV, Strathdee G. Epigenetic landscape correlates with genetic subtype but does not predict outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Epigenetics 2015; 10:717-26. [PMID: 26237075 PMCID: PMC4622588 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1061174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) generally have a good outcome, some patients do relapse and survival following relapse is poor. Altered DNA methylation is highly prevalent in ALL and raises the possibility that DNA methylation-based biomarkers could predict patient outcome. In this study, genome-wide methylation analysis, using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip platform, was carried out on 52 diagnostic patient samples from 4 genetic subtypes [ETV6-RUNX1, high hyperdiploidy (HeH), TCF3-PBX1 and dic(9;20)(p11-13;q11)] in a 1:1 case-control design with patients who went on to relapse (as cases) and patients achieving long-term remission (as controls). Pyrosequencing assays for selected loci were used to confirm the array-generated data. Non-negative matrix factorization consensus clustering readily clustered samples according to genetic subgroups and gene enrichment pathway analysis suggested that this is in part driven by epigenetic disruption of subtype specific signaling pathways. Multiple bioinformatics approaches (including bump hunting and individual locus analysis) were used to identify CpG sites or regions associated with outcome. However, no associations with relapse were identified. Our data revealed that ETV6-RUNX1 and dic(9;20) subtypes were mostly associated with hypermethylation; conversely, TCF3-PBX1 and HeH were associated with hypomethylation. We observed significant enrichment of the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway in TCF3-PBX1 as well as an enrichment of genes involved in immunity and infection pathways in ETV6-RUNX1 subtype. Taken together, our results suggest that altered DNA methylation may have differential impacts in distinct ALL genetic subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alem S Gabriel
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Fadhel M Lafta
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Edward C Schwalbe
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Applied Sciences; Northumbria University; Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sirintra Nakjang
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Bioinformatics Support Unit; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Simon J Cockell
- Bioinformatics Support Unit; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alice Iliasova
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Applied Sciences; Northumbria University; Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Amir Enshaei
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Claire Schwab
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Vikki Rand
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Steven C Clifford
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sally E Kinsey
- Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology; Leeds General Infirmary; Leeds, UK
| | - Chris D Mitchell
- Department of Pediatric Oncology; John Radcliffe Hospital; Oxford, UK
| | - Ajay Vora
- Department of Pediatric Oncology; John Radcliffe Hospital; Oxford, UK
| | - Christine J Harrison
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anthony V Moorman
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gordon Strathdee
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Haematology; Great Ormond Street Hospital; London, UK
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13
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van Kempen PMW, van Bockel L, Braunius WW, Moelans CB, van Olst M, de Jong R, Stegeman I, van Diest PJ, Grolman W, Willems SM. HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is associated with TIMP3 and CADM1 promoter hypermethylation. Cancer Med 2014; 3:1185-96. [PMID: 25065733 PMCID: PMC4302669 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) in a proportion of tumors. HPV-positive OPSCC is considered a distinct molecular entity with a prognostic advantage compared to HPV-negative cases. Silencing of cancer-related genes by DNA promoter hypermethylation may play an important role in the development of OPSCC. Hence, we examined promoter methylation status in 24 common tumor suppressor genes in a group of 200 OPSCCs to determine differentially methylated genes in HPV-positive versus HPV-negative primary OPSCC. Methylation status was correlated with HPV status, clinical features, and patient survival using multivariate methods. Additionally, methylation status of 16 cervical squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) was compared with HPV-positive OPSCC. Using methylation-specific probe amplification, HPV-positive OPSCC showed a significantly higher cumulative methylation index (CMI) compared to HPV-negative OPSCC (P=0.008). For the genes CDH13, DAPK1, and RARB, both HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPSCC showed promoter hypermethylation in at least 20% of the tumors. HPV status was found to be an independent predictor of promoter hypermethylation of CADM1 (P < 0.001), CHFR (P = 0.027), and TIMP3 (P < 0.001). CADM1 and CHFR showed similar methylation patterns in OPSCC and cervical SCC, but TIMP3 showed no methylation in cervical SCC in contrast to OPSCC. Methylation status of neither individual gene nor CMI was associated with survival. These results suggest that HPV-positive tumors are to a greater extent driven by promotor hypermethylation in these tumor suppressor genes. Especially CADM1 and TIMP3 are significantly more frequently hypermethylated in HPV-positive OPSCC and CHFR in HPV-negative tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline M W van Kempen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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14
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Xiao J, Lee ST, Xiao Y, Ma X, Houseman EA, Hsu LI, Roy R, Wrensch M, de Smith AJ, Chokkalingam A, Buffler P, Wiencke JK, Wiemels JL. PTPRG inhibition by DNA methylation and cooperation with RAS gene activation in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:1101-9. [PMID: 24496747 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
While the cytogenetic and genetic characteristics of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) are well studied, less clearly understood are the contributing epigenetic mechanisms that influence the leukemia phenotype. Our previous studies and others identified gene mutation (RAS) and DNA methylation (FHIT) to be associated with the most common cytogenetic subgroup of childhood ALL, high hyperdiploidy (having five more chromosomes). We screened DNA methylation profiles, using a genome-wide high-dimension platform of 166 childhood ALLs and 6 normal pre-B cell samples and observed a strong association of DNA methylation status at the PTPRG locus in human samples with levels of PTPRG gene expression as well as with RAS gene mutation status. In the 293 cell line, we found that PTPRG expression induces dephosphorylation of ERK, a downstream RAS target that may be critical for mutant RAS-induced cell growth. In addition, PTPRG expression is upregulated by RAS activation under DNA hypomethylating conditions. An element within the PTPRG promoter is bound by the RAS-responsive transcription factor RREB1, also under hypomethylating conditions. In conclusion, we provide evidence that DNA methylation of the PTPRG gene is a complementary event in oncogenesis induced by RAS mutations. Evidence for additional roles for PTPR family member genes is also suggested. This provides a potential therapeutic target for RAS-related leukemias as well as insight into childhood ALL etiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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15
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Polyploidy in myelofibrosis: analysis by cytogenetic and SNP array indicates association with advancing disease. Mol Cytogenet 2013; 6:59. [PMID: 24341401 PMCID: PMC3906908 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-6-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myelofibrosis occurs as primary myelofibrosis or as a late occurrence in the evolution of essential thrombocythaemia and polycythaemia vera. It is the rarest of the three classic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Polyploidy has only rarely been reported in MPN despite the prominent involvement of abnormal megakaryocytes. The use of peripheral blood samples containing increased numbers of haematopoietic progenitors has improved the output from cytogenetic studies in myelofibrosis and together with the use of single nucleotide polymorphism arrays (SNPa) has contributed to an improved knowledge regarding the diverse genetic landscape of this rare disease. Results Cytogenetic studies performed on a consecutive cohort of 42 patients with primary or post ET/PV myelofibrosis showed an abnormal karyotype in 24 cases and of these, nine showed a polyploid clone. Six of the nine cases showed a tetraploid (4n) subclone, whereas three showed mixed polyploid subclones with both tetraploid and octoploid (4n/8n) cell lines. The abnormal clone evolved from a near diploid karyotype at the initial investigation to a tetraploid karyotype in follow-up cytogenetic analysis in four cases. In total, six of the nine polyploid cases showed gain of 1q material. The remaining three cases showed polyploid metaphases, but with no detectable structural karyotypic rearrangements. Three of the nine cases showed chromosome abnormalities of 6p, either at diagnosis or later acquired. SNPa analysis on eight polyploid cases showed additional changes not previously recognised by karyotype analysis alone, including recurring changes involving 9p, 14q, 17q and 22q. Except for gain of 1q, SNPa findings from the polyploid group compared to eight non-polyploid cases with myelofibrosis found no significant differences in the type of abnormality detected. Conclusions The study showed the use of peripheral blood samples to be suitable for standard karyotyping evaluation and DNA based studies. The overall profile of abnormalities found were comparable with that of post-MPN acute myeloid leukaemia or secondary myelodysplastic syndrome and cases in the polyploidy group were associated with features of high risk disease. The above represents the first documented series of polyploid karyotypes in myelofibrosis and shows a high representation of gain of 1q.
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16
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Gene expression of WWOX, FHIT and p73 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:963-969. [PMID: 24137446 PMCID: PMC3796419 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the expression of WW-domain oxidoreductase (WWOX), fragile histidine triad (FHIT) and p73 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Samples from 122 ALL patients and 35 non-ALL control patients were collected in this study. RT-PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression of WWOX, FHIT and p73. The methylation status of the WWOX promoter region, FHIT promoter region and the first exon region of p73 were also analyzed using the methylation-specific PCR method. The mRNA expression of WWOX, FHIT and p73 was significantly lower in the ALL samples compared with the controls (48.2, 42.9 and 55.4%, respectively). By contrast, the methylation frequency of WWOX, FHIT and p73 was significantly higher in the ALL samples compared with the controls (44.6, 46.4 and 37.5%, respectively). The mRNA expression of these three genes was inversely correlated with the methylation frequency in the ALL samples (correlation coefficients, −0.661, −0.685 and −0.536 for WWOX, FHIT and p73, respectively). Moreover, the mRNA expression of WWOX was positively correlated with that of FHIT and p73 (correlation coefficients, 0.569 and 0.556, respectively). However, the methylation status of WWOX had no correlation with that of FHIT or p73. It was concluded that the high methylation status of WWOX, FHIT and p73 may lead to the inactivation of expression and the silencing of these genes, promoting the occurrence and development of ALL. The determination of the mRNA expression and methylation status of WWOX, FHIT and p73 may aid in the development of treatment approaches for ALL.
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van der Weyden L, Arends MJ, Rust AG, Poulogiannis G, McIntyre RE, Adams DJ. Increased tumorigenesis associated with loss of the tumor suppressor gene Cadm1. Mol Cancer 2012; 11:29. [PMID: 22553910 PMCID: PMC3489691 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-11-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CADM1 encodes an immunoglobulin superfamily (IGSF) cell adhesion molecule. Inactivation of CADM1, either by promoter hypermethylation or loss of heterozygosity, has been reported in a wide variety of tumor types, thus it has been postulated as a tumor suppressor gene. Findings We show for the first time that Cadm1 homozygous null mice die significantly faster than wildtype controls due to the spontaneous development of tumors at an earlier age and an increased tumor incidence of predominantly lymphomas, but also some solid tumors. Tumorigenesis was accelerated after irradiation of Cadm1 mice, with the reduced latency in tumor formation suggesting there are genes that collaborate with loss of Cadm1 in tumorigenesis. To identify these co-operating genetic events, we performed a Sleeping Beauty transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis screen in Cadm1 mice, and identified several common insertion sites (CIS) found specifically on a Cadm1-null background (and not wildtype background). Conclusion We confirm that Cadm1 is indeed a bona fide tumor suppressor gene and provide new insights into genetic partners that co-operate in tumorigenesis when Cadm1-expression is lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise van der Weyden
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK.
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18
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Chatterton Z, Morenos L, Saffery R, Craig JM, Ashley D, Wong NC. DNA methylation and miRNA expression profiling in childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Epigenomics 2012; 2:697-708. [PMID: 22122053 DOI: 10.2217/epi.10.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer in children in the modern world. Recent efforts in characterizing the genetic contribution to this disease through uncovering gene mutations, deletions and structural variation by genome-scale methods have only accounted for a modest proportion of children with ALL. This suggests that either further genetic contributions to ALL have yet to be characterized or other factors, such as epigenetic aberrations are involved. A number of DNA methylation and miRNA profiling studies have investigated the role of both in childhood ALL. Here, we review these profiling efforts, summarize their major findings and speculate as to what the future may hold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zac Chatterton
- Developmental Epigenetics, Early Development & Disease Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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19
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O'Neill KA, Bunch KJ, Vincent TJ, Spector LG, Moorman AV, Murphy MFG. Immunophenotype and cytogenetic characteristics in the relationship between birth weight and childhood leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58:7-11. [PMID: 21681930 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.23209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High birth weight increases the risk of childhood acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) through unknown mechanisms. Whether this risk is specific to ALL subtypes is unknown, and low case numbers have prevented investigation of the rarer leukemias. Here we address these associations using a large population-based dataset. PROCEDURE Using the National Registry of Childhood Tumors, birth weights of 7,826 leukemia cases, defined by immunophenotype and cytogenetic subgroup, were compared with those of 10,785 controls born in England and Wales between 1980 and 2007. RESULTS The risk for overall leukemia increases 7% with each 0.5 kg increase in birth weight (OR 1.07, 95%CI 1.04-1.10). This risk is limited to the lymphoid leukemias (OR 1.08, 95%CI 1.05-1.12) diagnosed between 1 and 9 years of age. Analysis by cytogenetic feature reveals that there appears to be association with specific chromosomal abnormality: the risk of tumors with high hyperdiploid karyotypes increases 12% per 0.5 kg increase in birth weight (OR 1.12, 95%CI 1.05-1.20), and t(1;19) tumors show an increased risk of 41% per 0.5 kg increase (OR 1.41, 95%CI 1.09-1.84). The risk of acute myeloid leukemia is elevated in high and low birth weight babies. There is no significant risk relationship to other leukemias or myeloproliferative diseases. CONCLUSIONS Birth weight is a risk factor for ALL and AML. Other subtypes of the disease are not significantly affected. There appears to be association with specific chromosomal abnormality, which may aid our understanding of the development of childhood leukemia in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A O'Neill
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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20
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Yang M, Park JY. DNA methylation in promoter region as biomarkers in prostate cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 863:67-109. [PMID: 22359288 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-612-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prostate gland is the most common site of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in American men. Recent emerging molecular biological technologies help us to know that epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation within the regulatory (promoter) regions of genes are associated with transcriptional silencing in cancer. Promoter hypermethylation of critical pathway genes could be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for prostate cancer. In this chapter, we updated current information on methylated genes associated with the development and progression of prostate cancer. Over 40 genes have been investigated for methylation in promoter region in prostate cancer. These methylated genes are involved in critical pathways, such as DNA repair, metabolism, and invasion/metastasis. The role of hypermethylated genes in regulation of critical pathways in prostate cancer is discussed. These findings may provide new information of the pathogenesis, the exciting potential to be predictive and to provide personalized treatment of prostate cancer. Indeed, some epigenetic alterations in prostate tumors are being translated into clinical practice for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihi Yang
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Controls, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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21
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Gumy-Pause F, Pardo B, Khoshbeen-Boudal M, Ansari M, Gayet-Ageron A, Sappino AP, Attiyeh EF, Ozsahin H. GSTP1 hypermethylation is associated with reduced protein expression, aggressive disease and prognosis in neuroblastoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2011; 51:174-85. [PMID: 22045684 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications such as methylation of CpG islands in tumor-suppressor gene promoter regions have been associated with tumor development in many human cancers. Using methylation specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification method, we analyzed the methylation status of 35 different genes in 16 neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines and 50 NB tumor samples (NBs), and investigated whether specific hypermethylation was associated with biological and/or clinical parameters. Among the genes found hypermethylated, the effect of GSTP1 hypermethylation on mRNA and protein expression was also explored. The median number of hypermethylated genes was higher in cell lines compared to NBs (5.5 vs. 2). For eight genes, aberrant methylation of CpG-islands in NB was not (ESR1, PAX5, WT1, CADM1, MSH6, and CDKN2B) or very rarely (CDH13 and GSTP1) reported in literature. GSTP1 was found hypermethylated in 44% of the NB cell lines and in 33% of the stage 4-11qLOH -non MYCN-amplified high risk NBs. Hypermethylation was correlated with reduced mRNA and protein expression. In the whole NBs cohort, GSTP1 hypermethylation was less frequently detected (8%), but found to be associated with lower event-free (EFS) and overall survival. Hypermethylation of GSTP1 showed also association with lower EFS in high risk subgroups as stage 4 and older patients (≥547 days). Our results suggest that, as in several adult cancers, aberrant methylation of GSTP1 may contribute to the carcinogenetic process in NB and could be potentially used as a new marker leading to define an ultra-high risk subgroup.
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Moelans CB, Verschuur-Maes AHJ, van Diest PJ. Frequent promoter hypermethylation of BRCA2, CDH13, MSH6, PAX5, PAX6 and WT1 in ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive breast cancer. J Pathol 2011; 225:222-31. [DOI: 10.1002/path.2930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Weeks RJ, Kees UR, Song S, Morison IM. Silencing of TESTIN by dense biallelic promoter methylation is the most common molecular event in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:163. [PMID: 20573277 PMCID: PMC3224738 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant promoter DNA methylation has been reported in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and has the potential to contribute to its onset and outcome. However, few reports demonstrate consistent, prevalent and dense promoter methylation, associated with tumour-specific gene silencing. By screening candidate genes, we have detected frequent and dense methylation of the TESTIN (TES) promoter. RESULTS Bisulfite sequencing showed that 100% of the ALL samples (n = 20) were methylated at the TES promoter, whereas the matched remission (n = 5), normal bone marrow (n = 6) and normal PBL (n = 5) samples were unmethylated. Expression of TES in hyperdiploid, TEL-AML+, BCR-ABL+, and E2A-PBX+ subtypes of B lineage ALL was markedly reduced compared to that in normal bone marrow progenitor cells and in B cells. In addition TES methylation and silencing was demonstrated in nine out of ten independent B ALL propagated as xenografts in NOD/SCID mice. CONCLUSION In total, 93% of B ALL samples (93 of 100) demonstrated methylation with silencing or reduced expression of the TES gene. Thus, TES is the most frequently methylated and silenced gene yet reported in ALL. TES, a LIM domain-containing tumour suppressor gene and component of the focal adhesion complex, is involved in adhesion, motility, cell-to-cell interactions and cell signalling. Our data implicate TES methylation in ALL and provide additional evidence for the involvement of LIM domain proteins in leukaemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Weeks
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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Janssen JJWM, Denkers F, Valk P, Cornelissen JJ, Schuurhuis GJ, Ossenkoppele GJ. Methylation patterns in CD34 positive chronic myeloid leukemia blast crisis cells. Haematologica 2010; 95:1036-7. [PMID: 20421276 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2009.015693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Antigens, CD34/genetics
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Blast Crisis/genetics
- Blast Crisis/metabolism
- Blast Crisis/pathology
- DNA Methylation/physiology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Middle Aged
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Paulsson K, Johansson B. High hyperdiploid childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2009; 48:637-60. [PMID: 19415723 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
High hyperdiploidy (51-67 chromosomes) is the most common cytogenetic abnormality pattern in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), occurring in 25-30% of such cases. High hyperdiploid ALL is characterized cytogenetically by a nonrandom gain of chromosomes X, 4, 6, 10, 14, 17, 18, and 21 and clinically by a favorable prognosis. Despite the high frequency of this karyotypic subgroup, many questions remain regarding the epidemiology, etiology, presence of other genetic changes, the time and cell of origin, and the formation and pathogenetic consequences of high hyperdiploidy. However, during the last few years, several studies have addressed some of these important issues, and these, as well as previous reports on high hyperdiploid childhood ALL, are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajsa Paulsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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Davidsson J, Lilljebjörn H, Andersson A, Veerla S, Heldrup J, Behrendtz M, Fioretos T, Johansson B. The DNA methylome of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:4054-65. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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