1
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Rocha MA, Cardoso AL, Martins C, Mello MLS. Sodium valproate affects the expression of p16 INK4a and p21 WAFI/Cip1 cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitors in HeLa cells. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:432. [PMID: 39049983 PMCID: PMC11268092 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
p16INK4a and p21WAF1/Cip1 are cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors involved in cell cycle control, which can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, depending on the context of various extracellular and intracellular signals, and cell type. In human papillomavirus-induced cervical cancer, p16 INK4a shows oncogenic activity and functions as a diagnostic marker of cervical neoplasia, whereas p21 WAF1/Cip1 acts as a tumor suppressor and its downregulation is associated with the progression of malignant transformation. Several histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors promote the positive and negative regulation of a number of genes, including p16 INK4a and p21 WAF1/Cip1; however, the effects of sodium valproate (VPA) on these genes and on the proteins they encode remain uncertain in HeLa cervical cancer cells. In the present study, these effects were investigated in HeLa cells treated with 0.5 or 2 mM VPA for 24 h, using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, confocal microscopy and western blotting. The results revealed a decrease in the mRNA expression levels of p16 INK4a and a tendency for p16INK4a protein abundance to decrease in the presence of 2 mM VPA. By contrast, an increase in the protein expression levels of p21WAF1/Cip1 was detected in the presence of 0.5 and 2 mM VPA. Furthermore, VPA was confirmed to inhibit HDAC activity and induce global hyperacetylation of histone H3. Notably, VPA was shown to suppress p16 INK4a, a biomarker gene of cervical carcinoma, and to increase the abundance of the tumor suppressor protein p21WAF1/Cip1, thus contributing to the basic knowledge regarding the antitumorigenic potential of VPA. Exploration of epigenetic changes associated with the promoters of p16 INK4a and p21 WAF1/Cip1, such as histone H3 methylation, may provide further information and improve the understanding of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Amorim Rocha
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Adauto Lima Cardoso
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences at Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Cesar Martins
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences at Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza S. Mello
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
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2
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Alghofaily M, Alsalleeh F, Alssum L, Muthurangan M, Alfayez M, Weir MD, Xu HHK. Novel Chitosan-Gelatin Scaffold with Valproic Acid Augments In Vitro Osteoblast Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:252. [PMID: 39330228 PMCID: PMC11433281 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15090252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to develop a biodegradable scaffold incorporating valproic acid (VPA) for improved human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) proliferation, differentiation, and bone mineral synthesis. A chitosan-gelatin (CH-G) scaffold was fabricated and loaded with varying concentrations of VPA (1, 3, 5 mM/L). In vitro studies assessed drug release, cell proliferation, morphology, mineralization, and gene expression. VPA was rapidly released from the scaffold, with over 90% cumulative release within seven days. Cells cultured on VPA-loaded scaffolds exhibited significantly enhanced proliferation and mineralization compared to the control. VPA treatment upregulated osteocalcin and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2) expression, key markers of osteogenic differentiation. The CH-G scaffold, particularly with 1 mM/L VPA, demonstrates excellent biocompatibility and promotes hBMSC-mediated bone regeneration. This novel approach holds promise for future applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alghofaily
- Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11541, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahd Alsalleeh
- Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11541, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Lamees Alssum
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Manikandan Muthurangan
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Musaad Alfayez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.D.W.); (H.H.K.X.)
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.D.W.); (H.H.K.X.)
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3
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Yamauchi Y, Shimizu E, Duncan HF. Dynamic Alterations in Acetylation and Modulation of Histone Deacetylase Expression Evident in the Dentine-Pulp Complex during Dentinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6569. [PMID: 38928274 PMCID: PMC11203584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modulation, including histone modification, alters gene expression and controls cell fate. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are identified as important regulators of dental pulp cell (DPC) mineralisation processes. Currently, there is a paucity of information regarding the nature of histone modification and HDAC expression in the dentine-pulp complex during dentinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate post-translational histone modulation and HDAC expression during DPC mineralisation and the expression of Class I/II HDACs during tooth development and in adult teeth. HDAC expression (isoforms -1 to -6) was analysed in mineralising primary rat DPCs using qRT-PCR and Western blot with mass spectrometry being used to analyse post-translational histone modifications. Maxillary molar teeth from postnatal and adult rats were analysed using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for HDACs (1-6). HDAC-1, -2, and -4 protein expression increased until days 7 and 11, but decreased at days 14 and 21, while other HDAC expression increased continuously for 21 days. The Class II mineralisation-associated HDAC-4 was strongly expressed in postnatal sample odontoblasts and DPCs, but weakly in adult teeth, while other Class II HDACs (-5, -6) were relatively strongly expressed in postnatal DPCs and adult odontoblasts. Among Class I HDACs, HDAC-1 showed high expression in postnatal teeth, notably in ameloblasts and odontoblasts. HDAC-2 and -3 had extremely low expression in the rat dentine-pulp complex. Significant increases in acetylation were noted during DPC mineralisation processes, while trimethylation H3K9 and H3K27 marks decreased, and the HDAC-inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) enhanced H3K27me3. These results highlight a dynamic alteration in histone acetylation during mineralisation and indicate the relevance of Class II HDAC expression in tooth development and regenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Yamauchi
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place, D02 F859 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Emi Shimizu
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ 07103, USA;
| | - Henry F. Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place, D02 F859 Dublin, Ireland;
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4
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Walewska A, Janucik A, Tynecka M, Moniuszko M, Eljaszewicz A. Mesenchymal stem cells under epigenetic control - the role of epigenetic machinery in fate decision and functional properties. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:720. [PMID: 37932257 PMCID: PMC10628230 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (mesenchymal stromal cells, MSC) are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into cells of at least three mesodermal lineages, namely adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes, and have potent immunomodulatory properties. Epigenetic modifications are critical regulators of gene expression and cellular differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Epigenetic machinery controls MSC differentiation through direct modifications to DNA and histones. Understanding the role of epigenetic machinery in MSC is crucial for the development of effective cell-based therapies for degenerative and inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of epigenetic control of MSC differentiation and immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Walewska
- Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15B, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Janucik
- Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15B, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marlena Tynecka
- Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15B, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15B, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Eljaszewicz
- Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15B, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland.
- Tissue and Cell Bank, Medical University of Bialystok Clinical Hospital, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-069, Bialystok, Poland.
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5
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Sun Y, Zhang H, Qiu T, Liao L, Su X. Epigenetic regulation of mesenchymal stem cell aging through histone modifications. Genes Dis 2023; 10:2443-2456. [PMID: 37554203 PMCID: PMC10404871 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell senescence and exhaustion, a hallmark of aging, lead to declines in tissue repair and regeneration in aged individuals. Emerging evidence has revealed that epigenetic regulation plays critical roles in the self-renew, lineage-commitment, survival, and function of stem cells. Moreover, epigenetic alterations are considered important drivers of stem cell dysfunction during aging. In this review, we focused on current knowledge of the histone modifications in the aging of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The aberrant epigenetic modifications on histones, including methylation and acetylation, have been found in aging MSCs. By disturbing the expression of specific genes, these epigenetic modifications affect the self-renew, survival, and differentiation of MSCs. A set of epigenetic enzymes that write or erase these modifications are critical in regulating the aging of MSCs. Furthermore, we discussed the rejuvenation strategies based on epigenetics to prevent stem cell aging and/or rejuvenate senescent MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tao Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatrics & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatrics & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaoxia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatrics & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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6
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Ma L, He X, Wu Q. The Molecular Regulatory Mechanism in Multipotency and Differentiation of Wharton's Jelly Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12909. [PMID: 37629090 PMCID: PMC10454700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are isolated from Wharton's jelly tissue of umbilical cords. They possess the ability to differentiate into lineage cells of three germ layers. WJ-MSCs have robust proliferative ability and strong immune modulation capacity. They can be easily collected and there are no ethical problems associated with their use. Therefore, WJ-MSCs have great tissue engineering value and clinical application prospects. The identity and functions of WJ-MSCs are regulated by multiple interrelated regulatory mechanisms, including transcriptional regulation and epigenetic modifications. In this article, we summarize the latest research progress on the genetic/epigenetic regulation mechanisms and essential signaling pathways that play crucial roles in pluripotency and differentiation of WJ-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiang Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
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7
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Choi J, Hwang J, Ramalingam M, Jeong HS, Jang S. Effects of HDAC inhibitors on neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell differentiation into mature neurons via the Wnt signaling pathway. BMC Neurosci 2023; 24:28. [PMID: 37127577 PMCID: PMC10152798 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-023-00798-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors affect cell homeostasis, gene expression, and cell cycle progression and promote cell terminal differentiation or apoptosis. However, the effect of HDAC inhibition on SH-SY5Y cells, which are neuroblastoma cells capable of differentiating into neurons under specific conditions, such as in the presence of retinoic acid (RA), is unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that HDAC inhibitors induced the neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. To test this hypothesis, we used phase contrast microscopy, immunocytochemistry (ICC), qPCR, and western blotting analysis. MS-275 and valproic acid (VPA), two HDAC inhibitors, were selected to evaluate neuronal differentiation. It was confirmed that cells treated with MS-275 or VPA differentiated into mature neurons, which were distinguished by bipolar or multipolar morphologies with elongated branches. In addition, the mRNA expression of neuronal markers (Tuj1 and NEFH) and the oligodendrocyte marker (CNP) was significantly increased with MS-275 or VPA treatment compared to that with RA treatment. In addition, the protein expression of the other neuronal markers, Tuj1 and NeuN, was highly increased with HDAC inhibitor treatments compared to that with RA treatment. Furthermore, we confirmed that noncanonical Wnt signaling was upregulated by HDAC inhibitors via MAPK signaling and the Wnt/JNK pathway. Therefore, both MS-275 and VPA promoted the differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells into mature neurons via the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Choi
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jellanamdo, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsu Hwang
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jellanamdo, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh Ramalingam
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jellanamdo, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Seong Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jellanamdo, 58128, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sujeong Jang
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jellanamdo, 58128, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Feng Z, Jin M, Liang J, Kang J, Yang H, Guo S, Sun X. Insight into the effect of biomaterials on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: A review from a mitochondrial perspective. Acta Biomater 2023; 164:1-14. [PMID: 36972808 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Bone damage may be triggered by a variety of factors, and the damaged area often requires a bone graft. Bone tissue engineering can serve as an alternative strategy for repairing large bone defects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the progenitor cells of connective tissue, have become an important tool for tissue engineering due to their ability to differentiate into a variety of cell types. The precise regulation of the growth and differentiation of the stem cells used for bone regeneration significantly affects the efficiency of this type of tissue engineering. During the process of osteogenic induction, the dynamics and function of localized mitochondria are altered. These changes may also alter the microenvironment of the therapeutic stem cells and result in mitochondria transfer. Mitochondrial regulation not only affects the induction/rate of differentiation, but also influences its direction, determining the final identity of the differentiated cell. To date, bone tissue engineering research has mainly focused on the influence of biomaterials on phenotype and nuclear genotype, with few studies investigating the role of mitochondria. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of researches into the role of mitochondria in MSCs differentiation and critical analysis regarding smart biomaterials that are able to "programme" mitochondria modulation was proposed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: : • This review proposed the precise regulation of the growth and differentiation of the stem cells used to seed bone regeneration. • This review addressed the dynamics and function of localized mitochondria during the process of osteogenic induction and the effect of mitochondria on the microenvironment of stem cells. • This review summarized biomaterials which affect the induction/rate of differentiation, but also influences its direction, determining the final identity of the differentiated cell through the regulation of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Feng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110002 Liaoning Province, China
| | - Meiqi Jin
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Junzhi Liang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning Province, China
| | - Junning Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning Province, China
| | - Huazhe Yang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110002 Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China.
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Wang X, Yu F, Ye L. Epigenetic control of mesenchymal stem cells orchestrates bone regeneration. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1126787. [PMID: 36950693 PMCID: PMC10025550 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1126787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the vital role of MSCs in bone regeneration. In both self-healing bone regeneration processes and biomaterial-induced healing of bone defects beyond the critical size, MSCs show several functions, including osteogenic differentiation and thus providing seed cells. However, adverse factors such as drug intake and body senescence can significantly affect the functions of MSCs in bone regeneration. Currently, several modalities have been developed to regulate MSCs' phenotype and promote the bone regeneration process. Epigenetic regulation has received much attention because of its heritable nature. Indeed, epigenetic regulation of MSCs is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of disorders of bone metabolism. Moreover, studies using epigenetic regulation to treat diseases are also being reported. At the same time, the effects of epigenetic regulation on MSCs are yet to be fully understood. This review focuses on recent advances in the effects of epigenetic regulation on osteogenic differentiation, proliferation, and cellular senescence in MSCs. We intend to illustrate how epigenetic regulation of MSCs orchestrates the process of bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Fanyuan Yu, ; Ling Ye,
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Fanyuan Yu, ; Ling Ye,
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10
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Tesiye MR, Gol M, Fadardi MR, Kani SNM, Costa AM, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Biagini G. Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Epilepsy and Their Interaction with Antiseizure Medications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244129. [PMID: 36552892 PMCID: PMC9777461 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a life-threatening neurological disease that affects approximately 70 million people worldwide. Although the vast majority of patients may be successfully managed with currently used antiseizure medication (ASM), the search for alternative therapies is still necessary due to pharmacoresistance in about 30% of patients with epilepsy. Here, we review the effects of ASMs on stem cell treatment when they could be, as expected, co-administered. Indeed, it has been reported that ASMs produce significant effects on the differentiation and determination of stem cell fate. In addition, we discuss more recent findings on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in pre-clinical and clinical investigations. In this regard, their ability to differentiate into various cell types, reach damaged tissues and produce and release biologically active molecules with immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties make them a high-potential therapeutic tool to address neuroinflammation in different neurological disorders, including epilepsy. Overall, the characteristics of MSCs to be genetically engineered, in order to replace dysfunctional elements with the aim of restoring normal tissue functioning, suggested that these cells could be good candidates for the treatment of epilepsy refractory to ASMs. Further research is required to understand the potential of stem cell treatment in epileptic patients and its interaction with ASMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahimi Tesiye
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839-69411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Gol
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- PhD School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna-Maria Costa
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47176-47745, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47176-47745, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.G.-K.); (G.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Biagini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.-K.); (G.B.)
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11
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Rashid S, Salim A, Qazi REM, Malick TS, Haneef K. Sodium Butyrate Induces Hepatic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in 3D Collagen Scaffolds. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3721-3732. [PMID: 35499693 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy is considered an attractive tool to overcome the burden of liver diseases. However, efficient hepatic differentiation is still a big challenge for the research community. In this study, we explored a novel method for differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into hepatic-like cells using 3D culture conditions and histone deacetylase inhibitor, sodium butyrate (NaBu). MSCs were characterized by the presence of cell surface markers via immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, and by their potential for osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation. MSCs were treated with 1mM NaBu in 2D and 3D environments for 21 days. The hepatic differentiation was confirmed by qPCR and immunostaining. According to qPCR data, the 3D culture of NaBu-treated MSCs has shown significant upregulation of hepatic gene, CK-18 (P < 0.01), and hepatic proteins, AFP (P < 0.01) and ALB (P < 0.01). In addition, immunocytochemistry analysis showed significant increase (P < 0.05) in the acetylation of histones (H3 and H4) in NaBu-pretreated cells. It can be concluded from the study that NaBu-treated MSCs in 3D culture conditions can induce hepatic differentiation without the use of additional cytokines and growth factors. The method shown in this study represents an improved protocol for hepatic differentiation and could contribute to improvement in future cell-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Rashid
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Salim
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, ICCBS, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Rida -E-Maria Qazi
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, ICCBS, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Tuba Shakil Malick
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, ICCBS, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Haneef
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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12
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Allegra A, Casciaro M, Barone P, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Epigenetic Crosstalk between Malignant Plasma Cells and the Tumour Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112597. [PMID: 35681577 PMCID: PMC9179362 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In multiple myeloma, cells of the bone marrow microenvironment have a relevant responsibility in promoting the growth, survival, and drug resistance of multiple myeloma plasma cells. In addition to the well-recognized role of genetic lesions, microenvironmental cells also present deregulated epigenetic systems. However, the effect of epigenetic changes in reshaping the tumour microenvironment is still not well identified. An assortment of epigenetic regulators, comprising histone methyltransferases, histone acetyltransferases, and lysine demethylases, are altered in bone marrow microenvironmental cells in multiple myeloma subjects participating in disease progression and prognosis. Aberrant epigenetics affect numerous processes correlated with the tumour microenvironment, such as angiogenesis, bone homeostasis, and extracellular matrix remodelling. This review focuses on the interplay between epigenetic alterations of the tumour milieu and neoplastic cells, trying to decipher the crosstalk between these cells. We also evaluate the possibility of intervening specifically in modified signalling or counterbalancing epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (P.B.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Paola Barone
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (P.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (P.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
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Weng Z, Wang Y, Ouchi T, Liu H, Qiao X, Wu C, Zhao Z, Li L, Li B. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:356-371. [PMID: 35485439 PMCID: PMC9052415 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takehito Ouchi
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hanghang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianghe Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenzhou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Corresponding author: Bo Li, DDS, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China.
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14
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Inflammation, epigenetics, and metabolism converge to cell senescence and ageing: the regulation and intervention. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:245. [PMID: 34176928 PMCID: PMC8236488 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Remarkable progress in ageing research has been achieved over the past decades. General perceptions and experimental evidence pinpoint that the decline of physical function often initiates by cell senescence and organ ageing. Epigenetic dynamics and immunometabolic reprogramming link to the alterations of cellular response to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, representing current hotspots as they not only (re-)shape the individual cell identity, but also involve in cell fate decision. This review focuses on the present findings and emerging concepts in epigenetic, inflammatory, and metabolic regulations and the consequences of the ageing process. Potential therapeutic interventions targeting cell senescence and regulatory mechanisms, using state-of-the-art techniques are also discussed.
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15
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Hsu WT, Huang WJ, Chiang BL, Tseng PH. Butyrate modulates adipose-derived stem cells isolated from polygenic obese and diabetic mice to drive enhanced immunosuppression. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:567-581. [PMID: 33875384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) offer promising therapeutic possibilities for immunomodulation. Butyrate (BA) exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects and exhibits multiple regulatory functionalities in adipose tissue (AT). The authors aimed to explore whether BA modulates ASCs to augment their immunosuppressive capabilities. METHODS The authors examined the potency of BA and ASCs for controlling anti-CD3 plus CD28-stimulated splenocyte proliferation in vitro, both in combination and with pre-treatment. Further, the authors investigated genes specifically upregulated by BA-treated ASCs, which were harvested from ASC-splenocyte co-culture after the removal of floating splenocytes. In addition, the authors investigated the influence of oral BA supplementation on the ex vivo immunosuppressive potency of ASCs from BALB/c and Tsumura, Suzuki, obese, diabetes (TSOD) mice. RESULTS BA enhanced the immunosuppressive potency of ASCs when directly added to ASC-splenocyte co-cultures or via pre-conditioning treatment. The percentages of ASC-induced Foxp3+ regulatory T cells increased, whereas the numbers of ASC-suppressed T helper 17 cells further decreased after BA exposure. The messenger RNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS), chemokines, IL-10 and amphiregulin in ASCs co-cultured with activated splenocytes were upregulated after incubation with BA. This was accompanied by an amplification of iNOS-inducing cytokines, interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the ASC-splenocyte co-culture, triggering ASCs to produce high NO levels under the influence of BA. Mechanistically, the authors detected BA-mediated acetylated histone H3 in ASCs. BA treatment consistently improved the immunosuppressive potency of ASCs derived from both BALB/c and TSOD mice. CONCLUSIONS The use of BA to counteract metaflammation by restoring the defective immunomodulation of ASCs from dysregulated AT in obese donors is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Tseng Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Jan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Huei Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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16
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Molstad DHH, Zars E, Norton A, Mansky KC, Westendorf JJ, Bradley EW. Hdac3 deletion in myeloid progenitor cells enhances bone healing in females and limits osteoclast fusion via Pmepa1. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21804. [PMID: 33311522 PMCID: PMC7733476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies examining the role of the histone deacetylase Hdac3 within myeloid cells demonstrated that Hdac3 promotes M2 activation and tissue healing in inflammatory conditions. Since myeloid lineage cells are required for proper bone formation and regeneration, in this study we examined the functions of Hdac3 during bone healing. Conditional deletion of Hdac3 within myeloid progenitors accelerates healing of cortical bone defects. Moreover, reduced osteoclast numbers within the defect site are correlated with Hdac3 suppression. Ex vivo osteoclastogenesis assays further demonstrate that Hdac3 deficiency limits osteoclastogenesis, the number of nuclei per cell and bone resorption, suggesting a defect in cell fusion. High throughput RNA sequencing identified the transmembrane protein Pmepa1 as a differentially expressed gene within osteoclast progenitor cells. Knockdown of Pmepa1 partially restores defects in osteoclastogenesis induced by Hdac3 deficiency. These results show that Hdac3 is required for optimal bone healing and osteoclast fusion, potentially via its regulation of Pmepa1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H H Molstad
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Minnesota, Elizabeth W. Bradley, 100 Church St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Elizabeth Zars
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrew Norton
- Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kim C Mansky
- Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Bradley
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Minnesota, Elizabeth W. Bradley, 100 Church St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Krasic J, Skara L, Ulamec M, Katusic Bojanac A, Dabelic S, Bulic-Jakus F, Jezek D, Sincic N. Teratoma Growth Retardation by HDACi Treatment of the Tumor Embryonal Source. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113416. [PMID: 33217978 PMCID: PMC7698704 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Testicular germ cell tumors are the most common neoplasms in young male populations, with a rising incidence. Among them, teratomas may often be very aggressive and resistant to therapy. Our aim was to investigate the impact of two potential anti-tumor epigenetic drugs (Valproate and Trichostatin A) in a mammalian model of teratoma development from an early trilaminar mouse embryo. Both drugs applied to the embryonic tissue had a significant negative impact on the teratoma growth in a three-dimensional in vitro culture. However, Trichostatin A did not diminish some potentially dangerous features of teratomas in contrast to Valproate. This research is an original contribution to the basic knowledge of the origin and development of teratomas. Such knowledge is necessary for envisioning therapeutic strategies against human testicular tumors. Abstract Among testicular germ cell tumors, teratomas may often be very aggressive and therapy-resistant. Our aim was to investigate the impact of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) on the in vitro growth of experimental mouse teratoma by treating their embryonic source, the embryo-proper, composed only of the three germ layers. The growth of teratomas was measured for seven days, and histopathological analysis, IHC/morphometry quantification, gene enrichment analysis, and qPCR analysis on a selected panel of pluripotency and early differentiation genes followed. For the first time, within teratomas, we histopathologically assessed the undifferentiated component containing cancer stem cell-like cells (CSCLCs) and differentiated components containing numerous lymphocytes. Mitotic indices were higher than apoptotic indices in both components. Both HDACi treatments of the embryos-proper significantly reduced teratoma growth, although this could be related neither to apoptosis nor proliferation. Trichostatin A increased the amount of CSCLCs, and upregulated the mRNA expression of pluripotency/stemness genes as well as differentiation genes, e.g., T and Eomes. Valproate decreased the amount of CSCLCs, and downregulated the expressions of pluripotency/stemness and differentiation genes. In conclusion, both HDACi treatments diminished the inherent tumorigenic growth potential of the tumor embryonal source, although Trichostatin A did not diminish the potentially dangerous expression of cancer-related genes and the amount of CSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jure Krasic
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.K.); (L.S.); (A.K.B.); (F.B.-J.)
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Lucija Skara
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.K.); (L.S.); (A.K.B.); (F.B.-J.)
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Monika Ulamec
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Katusic Bojanac
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.K.); (L.S.); (A.K.B.); (F.B.-J.)
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Sanja Dabelic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Floriana Bulic-Jakus
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.K.); (L.S.); (A.K.B.); (F.B.-J.)
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Davor Jezek
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nino Sincic
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.K.); (L.S.); (A.K.B.); (F.B.-J.)
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-45-66-806; Fax: +385-45-960-199
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Ghorbaninejad M, Khademi-Shirvan M, Hosseini S, Baghaban Eslaminejad M. Epidrugs: novel epigenetic regulators that open a new window for targeting osteoblast differentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:456. [PMID: 33115508 PMCID: PMC7594482 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a critical step in the treatment of bone defects and skeletal disorders, which present challenges for cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine. Thus, it is necessary to understand the regulatory agents involved in osteogenesis. Epigenetic mechanisms are considered to be the primary mediators that regulate gene expression during MSC differentiation. In recent years, epigenetic enzyme inhibitors have been used as epidrugs in cancer therapy. A number of studies mentioned the role of epigenetic inhibitors in the regulation of gene expression patterns related to osteogenic differentiation. This review attempts to provide an overview of the key regulatory agents of osteogenesis: transcription factors, signaling pathways, and, especially, epigenetic mechanisms. In addition, we propose to introduce epigenetic enzyme inhibitors (epidrugs) and their applications as future therapeutic approaches for bone defect regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Ghorbaninejad
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Khademi-Shirvan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Hosseini
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Epigenetic Regulation in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aging and Differentiation and Osteoporosis. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8836258. [PMID: 32963550 PMCID: PMC7501554 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8836258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a reliable source for cell-based regenerative medicine owing to their multipotency and biological functions. However, aging-induced systemic homeostasis disorders in vivo and cell culture passaging in vitro induce a functional decline of MSCs, switching MSCs to a senescent status with impaired self-renewal capacity and biased differentiation tendency. MSC functional decline accounts for the pathogenesis of many diseases and, more importantly, limits the large-scale applications of MSCs in regenerative medicine. Growing evidence implies that epigenetic mechanisms are a critical regulator of the differentiation programs for cell fate and are subject to changes during aging. Thus, we here review epigenetic dysregulations that contribute to MSC aging and osteoporosis. Comprehending detailed epigenetic mechanisms could provide us with a novel horizon for dissecting MSC-related pathogenesis and further optimizing MSC-mediated regenerative therapies.
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20
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The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor (MS-275) Promotes Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells into Odontoblast-Like Cells Independent of the MAPK Signaling System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165771. [PMID: 32796747 PMCID: PMC7460873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in dental tissue regeneration is gaining attention because DPSCs can differentiate into odontoblasts and other specialized cell types. Epigenetic modification has been found to play an important role in cell differentiation and regulation, among which histone deacetylase (HDAC) is involved in suppressing genes by removing histone acetyl groups. The use of HDAC inhibitor to control this is increasing and has been widely studied by many researchers. This study aimed to induce differentiation by causing epigenetic changes in odontoblast-related genes and the MAPK signaling pathway in human dental pulp stem cells. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining showed increased expression of DMP-1, ALP, DSPP, and RUNX2 compared to the control. However, activation of the MAPK signaling system was similar to but slightly different from the expression of odontoblast-related proteins. After 3 days, as shown by MTT and LDH assays, proliferation decreased overall, but cytotoxicity decreased at only a specific concentration. We confirmed that there was no change in mRNA expression of caspase 3 or 9 using real-time PCR. In addition, flow cytometry analysis confirmed that differentiation occurred due to the decrease in the expression of the CD73 and CD146. Although overall proliferation was reduced due to the G2/M inhibition of the cell cycle, the expression of BCL-2 protected the cells from cell death. Overall, cell proliferation decreased in response to MS-275, but it did not induce cytotoxicity in 5 nM and 10 nM concentration and induces differentiation into odontoblast-like cells.
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21
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Stockwin LH. Alveolar soft-part sarcoma (ASPS) resembles a mesenchymal stromal progenitor: evidence from meta-analysis of transcriptomic data. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9394. [PMID: 32596059 PMCID: PMC7307565 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar soft-part sarcoma (ASPS) is an extremely rare malignancy characterized by the unbalanced translocation der(17)t(X;17)(p11;q25). This translocation generates a fusion protein, ASPL-TFE3, that drives pathogenesis through aberrant transcriptional activity. Although considerable progress has been made in identifying ASPS therapeutic vulnerabilities (e.g., MET inhibitors), basic research efforts are hampered by the lack of appropriate in vitro reagents with which to study the disease. In this report, previously unmined microarray data for the ASPS cell line, ASPS-1, was analyzed relative to the NCI sarcoma cell line panel. These data were combined with meta-analysis of pre-existing ASPS patient microarray and RNA-seq data to derive a platform-independent ASPS transcriptome. Results demonstrated that ASPS-1, in the context of the NCI sarcoma cell panel, had some similarities to normal mesenchymal cells and connective tissue sarcomas. The cell line was characterized by high relative expression of transcripts such as CRYAB, MT1G, GCSAML, and SV2B. Notably, ASPS-1 lacked mRNA expression of myogenesis-related factors MYF5, MYF6, MYOD1, MYOG, PAX3, and PAX7. Furthermore, ASPS-1 had a predicted mRNA surfaceome resembling an undifferentiated mesenchymal stromal cell through expression of GPNMB, CD9 (TSPAN29), CD26 (DPP4), CD49C (ITGA3), CD54 (ICAM1), CD63 (TSPAN30), CD68 (SCARD1), CD130 (IL6ST), CD146 (MCAM), CD147 (BSG), CD151 (SFA-1), CD166 (ALCAM), CD222 (IGF2R), CD230 (PRP), CD236 (GPC), CD243 (ABCB1), and CD325 (CDHN). Subsequent re-analysis of ASPS patient data generated a consensus expression profile with considerable overlap between studies. In common with ASPS-1, elevated expression was noted for CTSK, DPP4, GPNMB, INHBE, LOXL4, PSG9, SLC20A1, STS, SULT1C2, SV2B, and UPP1. Transcripts over-expressed only in ASPS patient samples included ABCB5, CYP17A1, HIF1A, MDK, P4HB, PRL, and PSAP. These observations are consistent with that expected for a mesenchymal progenitor cell with adipogenic, osteogenic, or chondrogenic potential. In summary, the consensus data generated in this study highlight the unique and highly conserved nature of the ASPS transcriptome. Although the ability of the ASPL-TFE3 fusion to perturb mRNA expression must be acknowledged, the prevailing ASPS transcriptome resembles that of a mesenchymal stromal progenitor.
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22
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Zohora FT, Aldebs AI, Nosoudi N, Singh SP, Ramirez-Vick JE. Gene Expression Profiling of Human Adipose Tissue Stem Cells during 2D versus 3D Adipogenesis. Cells Tissues Organs 2020; 208:113-133. [PMID: 32464628 DOI: 10.1159/000507187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of the current understanding on molecular and cellular events of adipose developmental biology comes from monolayer cell culture models using preadipocyte cell lines, although in vivo adipose tissue consists of a much more complex three-dimensional microenvironment of diverse cell types, extracellular network, and tissue-specific morphological and functional features. Added to this fact, the preadipocytes, on which the adipogenesis mechanisms are mostly explored, possess some serious limitations (e.g., time of initial subculture and adipogenic differentiation time), which, perhaps, can efficiently be replaced with progenitor cells such as adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs). With the objective of developing a better in vitro model for adipose developmental biology, this project involves gene expression profiling of human ASCs (hASCs) during their differentiation to adipocytes in a 2D versus 3D culture model. This transcriptional-level analysis revealed that gene expression patterns of adipogenesis-induced hASCs in a 3D self-assembled polypeptide hydrogel are relatively different from the 2D monolayered cells on plastic hard substrate. Moreover, analysis of adipogenic lineage progression 9 days after adipogenic induction shows earlier differentiation of hASCs in 2D over their 3D counterparts. However, differentiation in 2D shows some unexpected behavior in terms of gene expression, which does not seem to be related to adipogenic lineage specification. Since hASCs are already being used in clinical trials due to their therapeutic potential, it is important to have a clear understanding of the molecular mechanisms in an in vivo model microenvironment like the one presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Tuj Zohora
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial, and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Alyaa Isam Aldebs
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial, and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Nasim Nosoudi
- Biomedical Engineering Program,Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Surinder Pal Singh
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishanan Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Jaime Eduardo Ramirez-Vick
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial, and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA,
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Yamauchi Y, Cooper PR, Shimizu E, Kobayashi Y, Smith AJ, Duncan HF. Histone Acetylation as a Regenerative Target in the Dentine-Pulp Complex. Front Genet 2020; 11:1. [PMID: 32117431 PMCID: PMC7016267 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
If dental caries (or tooth decay) progresses without intervention, the infection will advance through the dentine leading to severe pulpal inflammation (irreversible pulpitis) and pulp death. The current management of irreversible pulpits is generally root-canal-treatment (RCT), a destructive, expensive, and often unnecessary procedure, as removal of the injurious stimulus alone creates an environment in which pulp regeneration may be possible. Current dental-restorative-materials stimulate repair non-specifically and have practical limitations; as a result, opportunities exist for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to regenerate the damaged dentine-pulp complex. Recently, epigenetic modification of DNA-associated histone ‘tails’ has been demonstrated to regulate the self-renewal and differentiation potential of dental-stem-cell (DSC) populations central to regenerative endodontic treatments. As a result, the activities of histone deacetylases (HDAC) are being recognised as important regulators of mineralisation in both tooth development and dental-pulp-repair processes, with HDAC-inhibition (HDACi) promoting pulp cell mineralisation in vitro and in vivo. Low concentration HDACi-application can promote de-differentiation of DSC populations and conversely, increase differentiation and accelerate mineralisation in DSC populations. Therapeutically, various HDACi solutions can release bioactive dentine-matrix-components (DMCs) from the tooth’s extracellular matrix; solubilised DMCs are rich in growth factors and can stimulate regenerative processes such as angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and mineralisation. The aim of this mini-review is to discuss the role of histone-acetylation in the regulation of DSC populations, while highlighting the importance of HDAC in tooth development and dental pulp regenerative-mineralisation processes, before considering the potential therapeutic application of HDACi in targeted biomaterials to the damaged pulp to stimulate regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Yamauchi
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Roy Cooper
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Emi Shimizu
- Oral Biology Department, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Yoshifumi Kobayashi
- Oral Biology Department, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Anthony J Smith
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Fergus Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Sui BD, Zheng CX, Li M, Jin Y, Hu CH. Epigenetic Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Homeostasis. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:97-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Concise Review: The Regulatory Mechanism of Lysine Acetylation in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:7618506. [PMID: 32399051 PMCID: PMC7204305 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7618506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the use of MSCs has attracted considerable attention in the global science and technology field, with the self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation potential for diabetes, obesity treatment, bone repair, nerve repair, myocardial repair, and so on. Epigenetics plays an important role in the regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, which has become a research hotspot in the medical field. This review focuses on the role of lysine acetylation modification on the determination of MSC differentiation direction. During this progress, the recruitment of lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) and lysine deacetylases (KDACs) is the crux of transcriptional mechanisms in the dynamic regulation of key genes controlling MSC multidirectional differentiation.
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26
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Paradise CR, Galvan ML, Kubrova E, Bowden S, Liu E, Carstens MF, Thaler R, Stein GS, van Wijnen AJ, Dudakovic A. The epigenetic reader Brd4 is required for osteoblast differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:5293-5304. [PMID: 31868237 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transcription networks and epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs control lineage commitment of multipotent mesenchymal progenitor cells. Proteins that read, write, and erase histone tail modifications curate and interpret the highly intricate histone code. Epigenetic reader proteins that recognize and bind histone marks provide a crucial link between histone modifications and their downstream biological effects. Here, we investigate the role of bromodomain-containing (BRD) proteins, which recognize acetylated histones, during osteogenic differentiation. Using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis, we screened for BRD proteins (n = 40) that are robustly expressed in MC3T3 osteoblasts. We focused functional follow-up studies on Brd2 and Brd4 which are highly expressed in MC3T3 preosteoblasts and represent "bromodomain and extra terminal domain" (BET) proteins that are sensitive to pharmacological agents (BET inhibitors). We show that small interfering RNA depletion of Brd4 has stronger inhibitory effects on osteoblast differentiation than Brd2 loss as measured by osteoblast-related gene expression, extracellular matrix deposition, and alkaline phosphatase activity. Similar effects on osteoblast differentiation are seen with the BET inhibitor +JQ1, and this effect is reversible upon its removal indicating that this small molecule has no lasting effects on the differentiation capacity of MC3T3 cells. Mechanistically, we find that Brd4 binds at known Runx2 binding sites in promoters of bone-related genes. Collectively, these findings suggest that Brd4 is recruited to osteoblast-specific genes and may cooperate with bone-related transcription factors to promote osteoblast lineage commitment and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Paradise
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - M Lizeth Galvan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Eva Kubrova
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sierra Bowden
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Esther Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mason F Carstens
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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27
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Golubinskaya PA, Sarycheva MV, Burda SY, Puzanov MV, Nadezhdina NA, Kulikovskiy VF, Nadezhdin SV, Korokin MV, Burda YE. Pharmacological modulation of cell functional activity with valproic acid and erythropoietin. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.5.34710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Valproic acid (VA) is carboxylic acid with a branched chain, which is used as an antiepileptic drug.
Valproic acid influence on cells in vivo: VA, which is an antiepileptic drug, is also a teratogen, which causes defects of a neural tube and an axial skeleton, although the mechanisms are not yet fully clear.
Valproic acid influence on mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in vitro: It is shown that valproic acid reduces the intracellular level of oxygen active forms.
Valproic acid effect on tumor cells: VA inhibits tumor growth through several mechanisms, including the cell cycle stop, differentiation induction and inhibition of growth of tumor vessels.
Valproic acid influence on enzymes: It affects mainly GSK-3.
Valproic acid influence on animals’ cells: It is shown that VA can significantly improve an ability to develop in vitro and improve nuclear reprogramming of embryos.
Erythropoietin (EPO): Is an hypoxia-induced hormone and a cytokine, which is necessary for normal erythropoiesis. EPO is widely used in in vitro experiments.
Conclusion: Thus, the influence of VA and EPO on cells can be used in cell technologies.
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Panta W, Imsoonthornruksa S, Yoisungnern T, Suksaweang S, Ketudat-Cairns M, Parnpai R. Enhanced Hepatogenic Differentiation of Human Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Using Three-Step Protocol. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123016. [PMID: 31226809 PMCID: PMC6627410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, human Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) are an attractive source of stem cells for cell-based therapy, owing to their ability to undergo self-renewal and differentiate into all mesodermal, some neuroectodermal, and endodermal progenies, including hepatocytes. Herein, this study aimed to investigate the effects of sodium butyrate (NaBu), an epigenetic regulator that directly inhibits histone deacetylase, on hepatic endodermal lineage differentiation of hWJ-MSCs. NaBu, at 1 mM, optimally promoted endodermal differentiation of hWJ-MSCs, along with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) supplementation. CXCR4, HNF3β, SOX17 (endodermal), and GATA6 (mesendodermal) mRNAs were also up-regulated (p < 0.001). Immunocytochemistry and a Western blot analysis of SOX17 and HNF3β confirmed that the 1 mM NaBu along with EGF and bFGF supplementation condition was appropriately pre-treated with hWJ-MSCs before hepatogenic differentiation. Furthermore, the hepatic differentiation medium with NaBu pre-treatment up-regulated hepatoblast (AFP and HNF3β) and hepatic (CK18 and ALB) markers, and increased the proportion of mature hepatocyte functions, including G6P, C/EBPα, and CYP2B6 mRNAs, glycogen storage and urea secretion. The hepatic differentiation medium with NaBu in the pre-treatment step can induce hWJ-MSC differentiation toward endodermal, hepatoblastic, and hepatic lineages. Therefore, the hepatic differentiation medium with NaBu pre-treatment for differentiating hWJ-MSCs could represent an alternative protocol for cell-based therapy and drug screening in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wachira Panta
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Sumeth Imsoonthornruksa
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Ton Yoisungnern
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Sanong Suksaweang
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Mariena Ketudat-Cairns
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Rangsun Parnpai
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
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29
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Nehlin JO, Jafari A, Tencerova M, Kassem M. Aging and lineage allocation changes of bone marrow skeletal (stromal) stem cells. Bone 2019; 123:265-273. [PMID: 30946971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with decreased bone mass and accumulation of bone marrow adipocytes. Both bone forming osteoblastic cells and bone marrow adipocytes are derived from a stem cell population within the bone marrow stroma called bone marrow stromal (skeletal or mesenchymal) stem cells (BMSC). In the present review, we provide an overview, based on the current literature, regarding the physiological aging processes that cause changes in BMSC lineage allocation, enhancement of adipocyte and defective osteoblast differentiation, leading to gradual exhaustion of stem cell regenerative potential and defects in bone tissue homeostasis and metabolism. We discuss strategies to preserve the "youthful" state of BMSC, to reduce bone marrow age-associated adiposity, and to counteract the overall negative effects of aging on bone tissues with the aim of decreasing bone fragility and risk of fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan O Nehlin
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Clinical Research Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Abbas Jafari
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Odense, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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30
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Adamik J, Roodman GD, Galson DL. Epigenetic-Based Mechanisms of Osteoblast Suppression in Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10183. [PMID: 30918921 PMCID: PMC6419609 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease is characterized by the development of osteolytic lesions, which cause severe complications affecting the morbidity, mortality, and treatment of myeloma patients. Myeloma tumors seeded within the bone microenvironment promote hyperactivation of osteoclasts and suppression of osteoblast differentiation. Because of this prolonged suppression of bone marrow stromal cells’ (BMSCs) differentiation into functioning osteoblasts, bone lesions in patients persist even in the absence of active disease. Current antiresorptive therapy provides insufficient bone anabolic effects to reliably repair MM lesions. It has become widely accepted that myeloma‐exposed BMSCs have an altered phenotype with pro‐inflammatory, immune‐modulatory, anti‐osteogenic, and pro‐adipogenic properties. In this review, we focus on the role of epigenetic‐based modalities in the establishment and maintenance of myeloma‐induced suppression of osteogenic commitment of BMSCs. We will focus on recent studies demonstrating the involvement of chromatin‐modifying enzymes in transcriptional repression of osteogenic genes in MM‐BMSCs. We will further address the epigenetic plasticity in the differentiation commitment of osteoprogenitor cells and assess the involvement of chromatin modifiers in MSC‐lineage switching from osteogenic to adipogenic in the context of the inflammatory myeloma microenvironment. Lastly, we will discuss the potential of employing small molecule epigenetic inhibitors currently used in the MM research as therapeutics and bone anabolic agents in the prevention or repair of osteolytic lesions in MM. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Adamik
- Department of Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - G David Roodman
- Department of Medicine Division of Hematology-Oncology Indiana University Indianapolis IN USA.,Richard L Roudebush VA Medical Center Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Deborah L Galson
- Department of Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA
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31
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La Noce M, Mele L, Laino L, Iolascon G, Pieretti G, Papaccio G, Desiderio V, Tirino V, Paino F. Cytoplasmic Interactions between the Glucocorticoid Receptor and HDAC2 Regulate Osteocalcin Expression in VPA-Treated MSCs. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030217. [PMID: 30841579 PMCID: PMC6468918 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation has been considered an important mechanism for influencing stem cell differentiation. In particular, histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been shown to play a role in the osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this study, the effect of the HDAC inhibitor, valproic acid (VPA), on bone formation in vivo by MSCs was determined. Surprisingly, VPA treatment, unlike other HDAC inhibitors, produced a well-organized lamellar bone tissue when MSCs–collagen sponge constructs were implanted subcutaneously into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice, although a decrease of osteocalcin (OC) expression was observed. Consequently, we decided to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which VPA exerts such effects on MSCs. We identified the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as being responsible for that downregulation, and suggested a correlation between GR and HDAC2 inhibition after VPA treatment, as evidenced by HDAC2 knockdown. Furthermore, using co-immunoprecipitation analysis, we showed for the first time in the cytoplasm, binding between GR and HDAC2. Additionally, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays confirmed the role of GR in OC downregulation, showing recruitment of GR to the nGRE element in the OC promoter. In conclusion, our results highlight the existence of a cross-talk between GR and HDAC2, providing a mechanistic explanation for the influence of the HDAC inhibitor (namely VPA) on osteogenic differentiation in MSCs. Our findings open new directions in targeted therapies, and offer new insights into the regulation of MSC fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella La Noce
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Laino
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania, "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gorizio Pieretti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania, "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Desiderio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesca Paino
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Abstract
Cell reprogramming has been considered a powerful technique in the regenerative medicine field. In addition to diverse its strengths, cell reprogramming technology also has several drawbacks generated during the process of reprogramming. Telomere shortening caused by the cell reprogramming process impedes the efficiency of cell reprogramming. Transcription factors used for reprogramming alter genomic contents and result in genetic mutations. Additionally, defective mitochondria functioning such as excessive mitochondrial fission leads to the limitation of pluripotency and ultimately reduces the efficiency of reprogramming. These problems including genomic instability and impaired mitochondrial dynamics should be resolved to apply cell reprograming in clinical research and to address efficiency and safety concerns. Sirtuin (NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase) has been known to control the chromatin state of the telomere and influence mitochondria function in cells. Recently, several studies reported that Sirtuins could control for genomic instability in cell reprogramming. Here, we review recent findings regarding the role of Sirtuins in cell reprogramming. And we propose that the manipulation of Sirtuins may improve defects that result from the steps of cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaein Shin
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cell Reprogramming, Department of Biomedical Engineering (BKplus21 team), Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea
| | - Junyeop Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cell Reprogramming, Department of Biomedical Engineering (BKplus21 team), Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea
| | - Hanseul Park
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cell Reprogramming, Department of Biomedical Engineering (BKplus21 team), Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea
| | - Jongpil Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cell Reprogramming, Department of Biomedical Engineering (BKplus21 team), Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, and Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea
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33
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Soltani L, Rahmani HR, Daliri Joupari M, Ghaneialvar H, Mahdavi AH, Shamsara M. Effects of Different Concentrations of Reversine on Plasticity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Indian J Clin Biochem 2018; 35:188-196. [PMID: 32226250 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-018-0800-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dedifferentiation can be induced by small molecules. One of these small molecules used in this study in order to increase the plasticity of differentiation of stem cells was reversine. The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of reversine on the plasticity of ovine fetal bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). BM-MSCs were extracted from ovine fetal and cultured. Passaged-3 cells were evaluated for their differentiation potential into osteocytes and adipocytes cells. In the present study, BM-MSCs were culture plated in the presence of 0, 300, 600, 900 and 1200 nM of reversine. The number of viable cells was determined by MTT test after addition of different concentrations of reversine. Furthermore, expression of the nanog gene was evaluated. The culture without reversine was taken as the control group. Expression of nanog was analysed by immunocytochemistry. Multi-lineage differentiation showed that the BM-MSCs could be differentiated into adipose cells and osteocytes. Our results indicated that the addition of 1200 nM of reversine to medium significantly decreased overall proliferation compared to the other treatment groups (p > 0.05). Real-time PCR analysis showed that after addition of 600 nM of reversine significantly increased nanog expression compared to other treatments. All treatments received reversine were seen to be relative expression of nanog. Our findings confirm that low concentrations reversine increases the plasticity of ovine BM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Soltani
- 1Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.,2Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rahmani
- 1Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morteza Daliri Joupari
- 3Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hori Ghaneialvar
- 4Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahdavi
- 1Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shamsara
- 6National Center for Transgenic Mouse Research, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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Hotfilder M, Mallela N, Seggewiß J, Dirksen U, Korsching E. Defining a Characteristic Gene Expression Set Responsible for Cancer Stem Cell-Like Features in a Sub-Population of Ewing Sarcoma Cells CADO-ES1. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123908. [PMID: 30563222 PMCID: PMC6321634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the still open questions in Ewing sarcoma, a rare bone tumor with weak therapeutic options, is to identify the tumor-driving cell (sub) population and to understand the specifics in the biological network of these cells. This basic scientific insight might foster the development of more specific therapeutic target patterns. The experimental approach is based on a side population (SP) of Ewing cells, based on the model cell line CADO-ES1. The SP is established by flow cytometry and defined by the idea that tumor stem-like cells can be identified by the time-course in clearing a given artificial dye. The SP was characterized by a higher colony forming activity, by a higher differentiation potential, by higher resistance to cytotoxic drugs, and by morphology. Several SP and non-SP cell fractions and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell reference were analyzed by short read sequencing of the full transcriptome. The double-differential analysis leads to an altered expression structure of SP cells centered around the AP-1 and APC/c complex. The SP cells share only a limited proportion of the full mesenchymal stem cell stemness set of genes. This is in line with the expectation that tumor stem-like cells share only a limited subset of stemness features which are relevant for tumor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Hotfilder
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Nikhil Mallela
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Jochen Seggewiß
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Uta Dirksen
- University Hospital Essen, Pediatrics III, Hematology and Oncology, West German Cancer Centre, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Eberhard Korsching
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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35
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Tugnoli B, Bernardini C, Forni M, Piva A, Stahl CH, Grilli E. Butyric acid induces spontaneous adipocytic differentiation of porcine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 55:17-24. [PMID: 30456456 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Butyric acid (BA) affects the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) through the activation of different transcriptional pathways. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of BA on proliferation and spontaneous differentiation of porcine bone marrow-derived MSC. Second passage MSC (n = 6) were cultured in either a basal medium (BM, DMEM + 10% FBS), or BM + 2.5 mmol/L BA (BA-2.5) or BM + 5 mmol/L BA (BA-5). Cell proliferation was significantly decreased by both BA-2.5 and BA-5 after 48 h and 72 h (- 55% and - 63%, respectively). To assess the impact of BA on spontaneous differentiation, MSC were cultured for 27 d, with complete media changes every 3 d. At day 27, cells were stained for osteocytic, chondrocytic, and adipocytic differentiation. No terminal differentiation was detected in control MSC, while accumulated small drops of lipids were stained by Oil-Red-O in BA-treated cells. The phenotypic changes were associated with changes in gene expression, determined by qPCR. Treatment with BA modulated the expression of adipocytic differentiation markers: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α were significantly increased by both BA-2.5 and BA-5 throughout the study, while lipoprotein lipase and fatty acid-binding protein 4 were increased by BA-5 at day 3, and decreased by both BA-5 and BA-2.5 later throughout the study. Osteocalcin and aggrecan mRNA was reduced throughout the experiment by both doses of BA (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our data support that BA promotes the spontaneous differentiation of porcine bone marrow-derived MSC toward an adipocytic lineage in the absence of inducing cocktail media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Tugnoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Piva
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chad H Stahl
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Ester Grilli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy.
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36
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Dhaliwal A, Pelka S, Gray DS, Moghe PV. Engineering Lineage Potency and Plasticity of Stem Cells using Epigenetic Molecules. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16289. [PMID: 30389989 PMCID: PMC6215020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are considered as a multipotent regenerative source for diseased and dysfunctional tissues. Despite the promise of stem cells, the inherent capacity of stem cells to convert to tissue-specific lineages can present a major challenge to the use of stem cells for regenerative medicine. We hypothesized that epigenetic regulating molecules can modulate the stem cell’s developmental program, and thus potentially overcome the limited lineage differentiation that human stem cells exhibit based on the source and processing of stem cells. In this study, we screened a library of 84 small molecule pharmacological agents indicated in nucleosomal modification and identified a sub-set of specific molecules that influenced osteogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) while maintaining cell viability in-vitro. Pre-treatment with five candidate hits, Gemcitabine, Decitabine, I-CBP112, Chidamide, and SIRT1/2 inhibitor IV, maximally enhanced osteogenesis in-vitro. In contrast, five distinct molecules, 4-Iodo-SAHA, Scriptaid, AGK2, CI-amidine and Delphidine Chloride maximally inhibited osteogenesis. We then tested the role of these molecules on hMSCs derived from aged human donors and report that small epigenetic molecules, namely Gemcitabine and Chidamide, can significantly promote osteogenic differentiation by 5.9- and 2.3-fold, respectively. Taken together, this study demonstrates new applications of identified small molecule drugs for sensitively regulating the lineage plasticity fates of bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells through modulating the epigenetic profile of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandika Dhaliwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Sandra Pelka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - David S Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Prabhas V Moghe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States. .,Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
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Rezaei F, Tiraihi T, Abdanipour A, Hassoun HK, Taheri T. Immunocytochemical analysis of valproic acid induced histone H3 and H4 acetylation during differentiation of rat adipose derived stem cells into neuron-like cells. Biotech Histochem 2018; 93:589-600. [PMID: 30273059 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2018.1511063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is an inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) that can regulate differentiation and proliferation of stem cells by epigenetic mechanisms. We investigated VPA induced histone H3 and H4 acetylation in adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) transdifferentiated into neuron-like cells (NLCs). Rat ADSCs were transdifferentiated into neural stem cells (NSCs) that had been generated from neurospheres. The NSCs were differentiated into NLCs by induction with different concentrations of VPA at 24, 48 and 72 h. The NLCs were evaluated using anti-H3 and -H4 antibodies, and ADSCs, NSCs and NLCs were evaluated using immunofluorescence. The ADSCs were immunoreactive to CD90 and CD49d, but not to CD45 and CD31. Both the neurospheres and NSCs were immunostained with nestin and neurofilament 68. The neurospheres expressed Musashi1, Sox2 and Neu N genes as determined by RT-PCR. Our dose-response study indicated that the optimal concentration of VPA was 1 mM at 72 h. Histone acetylation levels of H3 and H4 immunostaining intensities in NLCs were significantly greater than for ADSCs and NSCs. VPA alters H4 and H3 acetylation immunoreactivities of ADSCs transdifferentiated into NLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rezaei
- a Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - T Tiraihi
- a Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - A Abdanipour
- b Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS) , Zanjan , Iran
| | - H K Hassoun
- c Middle Euphrates Neuroscience Center, College of medicine , Kufa University , Kufa , Iraq
| | - T Taheri
- d Shefa Neuroscience Research Center , Khatam Alanbia Hospital , Tehran , Iran
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Wang Q, Wang X, Lai D, Deng J, Hou Z, Liang H, Liu D. BIX-01294 promotes the differentiation of adipose mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes and neural cells in Arbas Cashmere goats. Res Vet Sci 2018; 119:9-18. [PMID: 29783122 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Defang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Jin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Zhuang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Hao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Dongjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
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Chen C, Cui Q, Zhang X, Luo X, Liu Y, Zuo J, Peng Y. Long non-coding RNAs regulation in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism: Emerging insights in obesity. Cell Signal 2018; 51:47-58. [PMID: 30071290 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a widespread health problem that brings about various adipose tissue dysfunctions. The balance of energy storage and energy expenditure is critical for normal fat accumulation and lipid metabolism. Therefore, understanding the molecular basis of adipogenesis and thermogenesis is essential to maintain adipose development and lipid homeostasis. Increasing evidence demonstrated that lncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs), a class of non-protein coding RNAs of >200 nucleotides in length, are identified as key regulators in obesity-related biological processes through diverse regulatory mechanisms. In this review, we concentrate on recent and relevant studies on the roles of lncRNAs in regulation of white adipogenesis, brown adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. In addition, the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of lncRNAs is highlighted, and that will make recommendations for the future application of lncRNAs in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Hunan Institute of Animal & Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, PR China.
| | - Qingming Cui
- Hunan Institute of Animal & Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, PR China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Hunan Institute of Animal & Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, PR China
| | - Xuan Luo
- Hunan Institute of Animal & Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, PR China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Hunan Institute of Animal & Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, PR China
| | - Jianbo Zuo
- Hunan Institute of Animal & Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, PR China
| | - Yinglin Peng
- Hunan Institute of Animal & Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, PR China.
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40
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Xu S, De Veirman K, De Becker A, Vanderkerken K, Van Riet I. Mesenchymal stem cells in multiple myeloma: a therapeutical tool or target? Leukemia 2018; 32:1500-1514. [PMID: 29535427 PMCID: PMC6035148 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell (PC) disorder, characterized by a complex interactive network of tumour cells and the bone marrow (BM) stromal microenvironment, contributing to MM cell survival, proliferation and chemoresistance. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent the predominant stem cell population of the bone marrow stroma, capable of differentiating into multiple cell lineages, including fibroblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblasts. MSCs can migrate towards primary tumours and metastatic sites, implying that these cells might modulate tumour growth and metastasis. However, this issue remains controversial and is not well understood. Interestingly, several recent studies have shown functional abnormalities of MM patient-derived MSCs indicating that MSCs are not just by-standers in the BM microenvironment but rather active players in the pathophysiology of this disease. It appears that the complex interaction of MSCs and MM cells is critical for MM development and disease outcome. This review will focus on the current understanding of the biological role of MSCs in MM as well as the potential utility of MSC-based therapies in this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Xu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Department Hematology- Stem Cell Laboratory, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Research Group Hematology and Immunology-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Myeloma Center Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann De Becker
- Department Hematology- Stem Cell Laboratory, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Research Group Hematology and Immunology-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Myeloma Center Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Van Riet
- Department Hematology- Stem Cell Laboratory, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.
- Research Group Hematology and Immunology-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Myeloma Center Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
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41
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Zhou D, Chen YX, Yin JH, Tao SC, Guo SC, Wei ZY, Feng Y, Zhang CQ. Valproic acid prevents glucocorticoid‑induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head of rats. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:3433-3447. [PMID: 29512684 PMCID: PMC5881807 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the most common cause of atraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) because their effect compromises the osteogenic capability of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Valproic acid (VPA) is a widely used anti-epileptic and anticonvulsant drug. Previous studies have reported that VPA promotes osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro and osteogenesis in vivo as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of VPA as a precautionary treatment of ONFH after GC treatment in rats. In vitro, the effect of VPA, dexamethasone or a combination treatment of the two on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human BMSCs was assessed using a Cell Counting Kit-8 and apoptosis assays, and by measuring the expression of proteins associated with osteogenesis. In vivo, a GC-induced ONFH model was established in rats and VPA was added during GC treatment to investigate the preventive effect of VPA against ONFH. Rat BMSCs were also extracted to investigate the osteogenic capacity. The results of micro-computed tomography scanning, angiography of the femoral head and histological and immunohistochemical analyses indicated that 11 of 15 rats induced with methylprednisolone (MP) presented with ONFH, while only 2 of 15 rats treated with a combination of MP and VPA developed ONFH. VPA produced beneficial effects on subchondral bone trabeculae in the femoral head with significant preservation of bone volume and blood supply, as well as improved osteogenic capability of BMSCs compared with those in rats treated with GC alone. In conclusion, VPA attenuated the inhibitory effect of GC on BMSC proliferation and osteogenesis by inhibiting apoptosis and elevating the expression of proteins associated with osteogenesis, which may contribute to the prevention of GC-induced ONFH in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Xuan Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Hui Yin
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Cong Tao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Shang-Chun Guo
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Zhan-Ying Wei
- Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Division of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Qing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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42
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Fan X, Li L, Ye Z, Zhou Y, Tan WS. Regulation of osteogenesis of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells by sodium butyrate. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:457-469. [PMID: 29271554 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) draw great interests for regenerative medicine due to convenient availability and low immunogenicity. However, suboptimal culture conditions limit their application. In recent years, small molecules have proven powerful in regulating stem cell fates and can be applied to stimulate their function. In the present study, the impacts of sodium butyrate (NaBu), a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), on hAMSCs were investigated. It was shown that NaBu at a low concentration inhibited cell proliferation by arresting cell cycle at G0/G1 rather than inducing apoptosis. When NaBu was supplemented at a concentration of <1.0 mM for 3 days during osteogenic induction, significantly more mineralized nodules were generated and the expression of osteogenesis-related genes (ALP, Runx2, Opn, and Ocn) and proteins (Col1a1, OPN, OCN, Runx2, and TAZ) were both significantly enhanced. However, a higher concentration (1.0 mM) and longer exposure time (14 days) of NaBu showed no such effects, which may be partially attributed to both the increased expression of histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) and reduced level of H3K9-Ace, thus leading to the transcriptional inhibition during osteogenesis. Further, it was indicated that ERK might be involved in the stimulatory effects of NaBu. These findings may be helpful to develop an efficient culture process for hAMSCs towards bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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Lee H, Lee JY, Ha DH, Jeong JH, Park JB. Effects of Valproic Acid on Morphology, Proliferation, and Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From Human Gingival Tissue. IMPLANT DENT 2018; 27:33-42. [PMID: 29329119 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has been shown to affect cell growth and differentiation in various in vitro and in vivo models. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of VPA on viability and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from the human gingival tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stem cells derived from the gingiva were grown in the presence of VPA at concentrations ranging from 0.125 to 8 mM. Cell morphology was assessed on days 3, 5, and 7, and cell proliferation was analyzed on the same days using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Alizarin Red-S staining was used to assess differentiation of the stem cells. RESULTS The control group showed a normal fibroblast morphology when cultured in growth media. The shape of cells in the 8 mM group was more flat than cells in other groups, and fewer cells were present. A statistically significant decrease in cell proliferation was seen in the 8 mM group. Results of Alizarin Red-S staining showed a significant decrease in mineralization in the 8 mM group. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this study demonstrated that VPA, at the tested concentrations, decreases the viability of stem cells derived from the human gingiva. The decreases in osteogenic differentiation were achieved via the decrease of Rux2 expression. The concentration and application time of VPA treatment should be meticulously controlled to minimize any detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Lee
- Researcher, Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Young Lee
- Undergraduate Student, College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Ha
- Graduate Student, College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- Assistant Professor, College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Santaniello S, Cruciani S, Basoli V, Balzano F, Bellu E, Garroni G, Ginesu GC, Cossu ML, Facchin F, Delitala AP, Ventura C, Maioli M. Melatonin and Vitamin D Orchestrate Adipose Derived Stem Cell Fate by Modulating Epigenetic Regulatory Genes. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:1631-1639. [PMID: 30588186 PMCID: PMC6299418 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.27669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, that regulates many physiological processes including circadian rhythms, is a molecule able to promote osteoblasts maturation in vitro and to prevent bone loss in vivo, while regulating also adipocytes metabolism. In this regard, we have previously shown that melatonin in combination with vitamin D, is able to counteract the appearance of an adipogenic phenotype in adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs), cultured in an adipogenic favoring condition. In the present study, we aimed at evaluating the specific phenotype elicited by melatonin and vitamin D based medium, considering also the involvement of epigenetic regulating genes. ADSCs were cultured in a specific adipogenic conditioned media, in the presence of melatonin alone or with vitamin D. The expression of specific osteogenic related genes was evaluated at different time points, together with the histone deacetylases epigenetic regulators, HDAC1 and Sirtuins (SIRT) 1 and 2. Our results show that melatonin and vitamin D are able to modulate ADSCs commitment towards osteogenic phenotype through the upregulation of HDAC1, SIRT 1 and 2, unfolding an epigenetic regulation in stem cell differentiation and opening novel strategies for future therapeutic balancing of stem cell fate toward adipogenic or osteogenic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Santaniello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems - Eldor Lab, Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Cruciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems - Eldor Lab, Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Basoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems - Eldor Lab, Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Balzano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Emanuela Bellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Garroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Carlo Ginesu
- General Surgery Unit 2 "Clinica Chirurgica" Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences Department, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Cossu
- General Surgery Unit 2 "Clinica Chirurgica" Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences Department, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Federica Facchin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Ventura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems - Eldor Lab, Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems - Eldor Lab, Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,Center for Developmental Biology and Reprogramming- CEDEBIOR, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy.,Institute of Genetic and Biomedic Research, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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45
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Huynh NCN, Everts V, Ampornaramveth RS. Histone deacetylases and their roles in mineralized tissue regeneration. Bone Rep 2017; 7:33-40. [PMID: 28856178 PMCID: PMC5565747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation is an important epigenetic mechanism that controls expression of certain genes. It includes non-sequence-based changes of chromosomal regional structure that can alter the expression of genes. Acetylation of histones is controlled by the activity of two groups of enzymes: the histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). HDACs remove acetyl groups from the histone tail, which alters its charge and thus promotes compaction of DNA in the nucleosome. HDACs render the chromatin structure into a more compact form of heterochromatin, which makes the genes inaccessible for transcription. By altering the transcriptional activity of bone-associated genes, HDACs control both osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. This review presents an overview of the function of HDACs in the modulation of bone formation. Special attention is paid to the use of HDAC inhibitors in mineralized tissue regeneration from cells of dental origin. HDACs regulate the transcription activity of bone related genes. Inhibition of HDAC promotes osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation. HDAC inhibitors are applicable for mineral tissue regeneration therapy.
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Key Words
- ADSCs, adipose tissue-derived stem cells
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- BSP, bone sialoprotein
- Bone regeneration
- COL1, type I collagen
- DMP1, dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1
- DPSCs, dental-derived stem cells
- DSPP, dentin sialophosphoprotein
- Dentin formation
- Epigenetic
- GSK-3, glycogen synthase kinase
- HAT, histone acetyltransferase
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- Histone acetyltransferase
- Histone deacetylase
- MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells
- NaB, sodium butyrate
- OCN, osteocalcin
- OPN, osteopontin
- PCL/PEG, polycaprolactone/polyethylene glycol
- RUNX2, runt-related transcription factor 2
- SOST, sclerostin
- TGF-β/BMP, transforming growth factor-β/bone morphogenetic protein
- TSA, Trichostatin A
- VPA, valproic acid
- WNT/β-catenin, Wingless-int
- hPDLCs, human periodontal ligament cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Cong-Nhat Huynh
- Department of Dental Basic Sciences, Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Vincent Everts
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Research Institute MOVE, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lim J, Lee S, Ju H, Kim Y, Heo J, Lee HY, Choi KC, Son J, Oh YM, Kim IG, Shin DM. Valproic acid enforces the priming effect of sphingosine-1 phosphate on human mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:739-747. [PMID: 28677769 PMCID: PMC5547989 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Engraftment and homing of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are modulated by priming factors including the bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), by stimulating CXCR4 receptor signaling cascades. However, limited in vivo efficacy and the remaining priming molecules prior to administration of MSCs can provoke concerns regarding the efficiency and safety of MSC priming. Here, we showed that valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, enforced the priming effect of S1P at a low dosage for human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs). A DNA-methylation inhibitor, 5-azacytidine (5-Aza), and VPA increased the expression of CXCR4 in UC-MSCs. In particular, UC-MSCs primed with a suboptimal dose (50 nM) of S1P in combination with 0.5 mM VPA (VPA+S1P priming), but not 1 µM 5-Aza, significantly improved the migration activity in response to stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) concomitant with the activation of both MAPKp42/44 and AKT signaling cascades. Both epigenetic regulatory compounds had little influence on cell surface marker phenotypes and the multi-potency of UC-MSCs. In contrast, VPA+S1P priming of UC-MSCs potentiated the proliferation, colony forming unit-fibroblast, and anti-inflammatory activities, which were severely inhibited in the case of 5-Aza treatment. Accordingly, the VPA+S1P-primed UC-MSCs exhibited upregulation of a subset of genes related to stem cell migration and anti-inflammation response. Thus, the present study demonstrated that VPA enables MSC priming with S1P at a low dosage by enhancing their migration and other therapeutic beneficial activities. This priming strategy for MSCs may provide a more efficient and safe application of MSCs for treating a variety of intractable disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyein Ju
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbeom Heo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyoung Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Mok Oh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Myung Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
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47
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Ji Y, Ke Y, Gao S. Intermittent activation of notch signaling promotes bone formation. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:2933-2944. [PMID: 28670381 PMCID: PMC5489893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of Notch signaling pathway on osteogenesis were both widely reported, questioning the effectiveness of small molecules targeting the Notch pathway for prevention or treatment of bone loss diseases. Here we showed that Notch signaling is activated in osteocytes embedded within the mineralized matrix and in late stages of bone marrow mesenchymal cell osteogenic cultures. Inhibition of Notch signaling markedly reduced mineralization activities of bone marrow mesenchymal cells and inhibited expressions of mineralization-associated genes when Notch ligand Jagged1 was conditionally deleted, confirming the essential roles of Notch signaling in mineralization stages of osteoblast differentiation. Moreover, intermittent activation of Notch signaling showed significant increases of bone formation in mice, rats and ovariectomized rats. A two-phase action model of Notch signaling in osteogenesis is proposed, where activation of Notch signaling in early stages of osteoblast differentiation results in proliferation of immature preosteoblast lineage cells and activation in late stages promotes differentiation of osteoblasts into osteocytes. Moreover, valproic acid is a strong activator of Notch signaling, and yearly administration of valproic acid daily showed little side effects, indicating that long term and intermittent activation of Notch signaling will be a safe and ideal way to promote anabolic bone formation for treatment of osteoporosis. Therefore, Notch signaling pathway is a good therapeutic target for bone loss diseases, and valproic acid, resveratrol and other Notch activators are promising therapeutic molecules for promoting anabolic bone formation when administered intermittently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoting Ji
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Yongxin Ke
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Song Gao
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079, Hubei, China
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48
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Um S, Lee H, Zhang Q, Kim HY, Lee JH, Seo BM. Valproic Acid Modulates the Multipotency in Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells via p53-Mediated Cell Cycle. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:153-162. [PMID: 30603472 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), a type of mesenchymal stem cell, are a promising source for dental regeneration and are identified in human periodontal ligaments from extracted third molars. Valproic acid (VPA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that has been used as a wide-spectrum antiepileptic drug and a medication for mood disorders. VPA has shown several effects on increasing the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells and controlling osteogenic differentiation, besides the prevention of seizures. However, its effect on proliferation and osteogenesis depends on the cell type and concentration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cyclic and constant VPA treatment on PDLSCs. Proliferation and apoptosis of PDLSCs were determined with cyclic and constant VPA treatment. In cemento/osteogenic differentiation, osteogenic markers decreased significantly after cyclic treatment with 0.5 mM VPA. In contrast, VPA enhanced osteogenic differentiation after constant treatment. With cyclic VPA treatment, p53 levels related to apoptotic pathway decreased to induce proliferation. These findings indicated that VPA has different roles in proliferation and differentiation of PDLSCs in vitro and in vivo via p53-related pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoun Um
- 1Department of Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
- 5Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- 2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061 Korea
| | - Qingbin Zhang
- 3Department of Temporomandibular Joint Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182 China
| | - Hui Young Kim
- 4Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
- 5Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Lee
- 4Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
- 5Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Byoung Moo Seo
- 4Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
- 5Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
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Dudakovic A, Gluscevic M, Paradise CR, Dudakovic H, Khani F, Thaler R, Ahmed FS, Li X, Dietz AB, Stein GS, Montecino MA, Deyle DR, Westendorf JJ, van Wijnen AJ. Profiling of human epigenetic regulators using a semi-automated real-time qPCR platform validated by next generation sequencing. Gene 2017; 609:28-37. [PMID: 28132772 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms control phenotypic commitment of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) into osteogenic, chondrogenic or adipogenic lineages. To investigate enzymes and chromatin binding proteins controlling the epigenome, we developed a hybrid expression screening strategy that combines semi-automated real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR), next generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and a novel data management application (FileMerge). This strategy was used to interrogate expression of a large cohort (n>300) of human epigenetic regulators (EpiRegs) that generate, interpret and/or edit the histone code. We find that EpiRegs with similar enzymatic functions are variably expressed and specific isoforms dominate over others in human MSCs. This principle is exemplified by analysis of key histone acetyl transferases (HATs) and deacetylases (HDACs), H3 lysine methyltransferases (e.g., EHMTs) and demethylases (KDMs), as well as bromodomain (BRDs) and chromobox (CBX) proteins. Our results show gender-specific expression of H3 lysine 9 [H3K9] demethylases (e.g., KDM5D and UTY) as expected and upregulation of distinct EpiRegs (n>30) during osteogenic differentiation of MSCs (e.g., HDAC5 and HDAC7). The functional significance of HDACs in osteogenic lineage commitment of MSCs was functionally validated using panobinostat (LBH-589). This pan-deacetylase inhibitor suppresses osteoblastic differentiation as evidenced by reductions in bone-specific mRNA markers (e.g., ALPL), alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition (i.e., Alizarin Red staining). Thus, our RT-qPCR platform identifies candidate EpiRegs by expression screening, predicts biological outcomes of their corresponding inhibitors, and enables manipulation of the human epigenome using molecular or pharmacological approaches to control stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Dudakovic
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Farzaneh Khani
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Roman Thaler
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Farah S Ahmed
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Allan B Dietz
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont Medical School, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Martin A Montecino
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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50
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Liu Y, Zhang XL, Chen L, Lin X, Xiong D, Xu F, Yuan LQ, Liao EY. Epigenetic mechanisms of bone regeneration and homeostasis. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 122:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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