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Camilion JV, Khanna S, Anasseri S, Laney C, Mayrovitz HN. Physiological, Pathological, and Circadian Factors Impacting Skin Hydration. Cureus 2022; 14:e27666. [PMID: 36072192 PMCID: PMC9440333 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Thismanuscript focuses on the physiological, environmental, nutritional, circadian, and aging factors affecting skin tissue water and hydration parameters. The literature findings indicate a multiplicity of interacting processes among these parameters, ultimately impacting skin hydration in normal skin and playing a role in conditions such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. The maintenance of adequate skin hydration, aided by the proper functioning of the skin’s protective barrier, is facilitated by stratum corneum integrity with the presence of tight junctions and lipids such as ceramides, each of which is impacted by changes in most of the evaluated parameters. Abnormalities in aquaporin 3 (AQP3) expression and associated deficits in skin hydration appear to have a role in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. AQP3 hydration-related aspects are influenced by circadian rhythms via modulations associated with CLOCK genes that alter AQP3 protein expression. Ultraviolet exposure, aging, and low temperatures are among those factors that affect skin ceramide composition, potentially leading to increased transepidermal water loss and negatively impacting skin hydration. Vitamin C, collagen, and probiotics may increase ceramide production and improve skin hydration. The extent to which each of the different evaluated factors affects skin hydration varies but is usually large enough to consider their potential effects when investigating skin in research and clinical settings.
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Romani M, Biela G, Farr K, Lazar R, Duval M, Trovillion V, Vlahovic TC. Plantar Psoriasis: A Review of the Literature. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2021; 38:541-552. [PMID: 34538432 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpm.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Plantar psoriasis negatively affects the quality of life for patients due to its weight-bearing location. Most therapeutic studies for psoriasis focus on total body surface changes and rarely report specific effects of the plantar and palmar areas. This review focuses on therapeutic options for plantar psoriasis ranging from topical therapy to phototherapy to biological therapy. Treatment should be approached as a stepwise gradient beginning with topicals and progressing to systemics. As always, review of the patient's severity of condition, health status, and impact on quality of life is needed to individualize therapy for the best patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Romani
- Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, 148 North 8th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Garrett Biela
- Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, 148 North 8th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Kalen Farr
- Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, 148 North 8th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ryan Lazar
- Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, 148 North 8th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Marcus Duval
- Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, 148 North 8th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Victoria Trovillion
- Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, 148 North 8th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Tracey C Vlahovic
- Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, 148 North 8th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Leflunomide Sustained Skin Delivery Based on Sulfobetaine-Modified Chitosan Nanoparticles Embedded in Biodegradable Polyesters Films. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13060960. [PMID: 33800966 PMCID: PMC8003864 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to prepare a leflunomide (LFD) sustained release transdermal delivery system for the treatment of psoriasis. In this context, LFD-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) based on either neat chitosan (CS) or CS modified with [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (SDAEM, a sulfobetaine zwitterionic compound) were initially prepared via ionotropic gelation and characterized in terms of in vitro dissolution, physicochemical, and antibacterial properties. Results showed that the use of the SDAEM-modified CS resulted in the formation of LFD-loaded NPs with improved wetting and solubilization properties, better in vitro dissolution profile characteristics (i.e., higher dissolution rate and extent), and improved (enhanced) antibacterial properties. The resultant LFD-loaded NPs were then embedded in suitable thin-film skin patches, prepared via spin-coating, utilizing two different biodegradable polyesters, namely methoxy polyethylene glycol-b-poly(L-lactide) (mPEG-b-PLA, at a ratio of 25/75 mPEG to PLA) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA at a ratio of 75/25 DL-lactide/glycolide copolymer). Results showed the formation of polymeric thin-films with no agglomeration (or trapped air) and uniform structure in all cases, while the LFD-loaded NPs were successfully embedded in the polymeric matrix. Analysis of the obtained in vitro dissolution profiles revealed a sustained release profile of the drug for up to approximately twelve days, while between the two proposed systems, the use of CS-SDAEM NPs (independently of the polyester type) was the most promising formulation approach.
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Terzopoulou Z, Michopoulou A, Palamidi A, Koliakou E, Bikiaris D. Preparation and Evaluation of Collagen-Based Patches as Curcumin Carriers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102393. [PMID: 33080789 PMCID: PMC7602968 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with psoriasis are dissatisfied with the standard pharmacological treatments, whether systemic or topical, with many of them showing interest in complementary and alternative medicine. Curcumin (Cur), a natural polyphenol derived from turmeric, has recently gained attention for skin-related diseases because of its proven anti-inflammatory action. However, topical treatment with Cur would be inadequate because of its hydrophobicity, instability, and low bioavailability. In addition, hyperkeratosis and lack of moisture in psoriatic skin result in low penetration that would prevent actives from permeating the stratum corneum. In this work, a polymer-based formulation of Cur for the topical treatment of psoriasis is reported. To improve the physicochemical stability of Cur, it was first encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles. The Cur-loaded nanoparticles were incorporated in a hydrophilic, biocompatible collagen-based patch. The nanoparticle-containing porous collagen patches were then chemically cross-linked. Morphology, chemical interactions, swelling ratio, enzymatic hydrolysis, and Cur release from the patches were evaluated. All patches showed excellent swelling ratio, up to ~1500%, and after cross-linking, the pore size decreased, and their hydrolysis rates decelerated. The in vitro release of Cur was sustained with an initial burst release, reaching 55% after 24 h. Cur within the scaffolds imparted a proliferation inhibitory effect on psoriatic human keratinocytes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Terzopoulou
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-997-812
| | - Anna Michopoulou
- Biohellenika Biotechnology Company, Leoforos Georgikis Scholis 65, GR 555 35 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Artemis Palamidi
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (D.B.)
| | - Elena Koliakou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (D.B.)
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Salvianolic Acid B in Microemulsion Formulation Provided Sufficient Hydration for Dry Skin and Ameliorated the Severity of Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Dermatitis in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050457. [PMID: 32429542 PMCID: PMC7284938 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder with a pathogenesis involving the interleukin-23/interleukin-17 axis. Salvianolic acid B exerts several pharmacological effects, such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and antitumor effects. The anti-psoriatic effects of salvianolic acid B have not been reported. In this study, we aimed to determine the optimum vehicle for salvianolic acid B, investigate its therapeutic effect on psoriatic-like skin conditions, and explore its underlying mechanisms of action. BALB/c mice were administered topical imiquimod to induce psoriasis-like skin and were then randomly assigned to control, vehicle control, salvianolic acid B in vehicles, and 0.25% desoximetasone ointment treatment groups. Barrier function, cytokine expression, histology assessment, and disease severity were evaluated. The results showed that salvianolic acid B-containing microemulsion alleviated disease severity, reduced acanthosis, and inhibited interleukin-23/interleukin-17 (IL-23/IL-17) cytokines, epidermal proliferation, and increased skin hydration. Our study suggests that salvianolic acid B represents a possible new therapeutic drug for the treatment of psoriasis. In addition, such formulation could obtain high therapeutic efficacy in addition to providing sufficient hydration for dry skin.
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Mohd Ariffin NH, Hasham R. Assessment of non-invasive techniques and herbal-based products on dermatological physiology and intercellular lipid properties. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03955. [PMID: 32478187 PMCID: PMC7251381 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest external organ of the human body. It acts as a barrier to protect the human body from environmental pollution, mechanical stress, and excessive water loss. The defensive function resides primarily on top of the epidermis layer commonly known as stratum corneum (SC). Human SC consists of three major lipids, namely ceramide, free fatty acid, and cholesterol that comprise approximately 50%, 25%, and 25% of the total lipid mass, respectively. The optimal composition of SC lipids is the vital epidermal barrier function of the skin. On the other hand, skin barrier serves to limit passive water loss from the body, reduces chemical absorption from the environment, and prevents microbial infection. In contrast, epidermal lipids are important to maintain the cell structure, growth and differentiation, cohesion and desquamation as well as formation of a permeability barrier. Multiple non-invasive in vivo approaches were implemented on a regular basis to monitor skin physiological and intercellular lipid properties. The measurement of different parameters such as transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration level, skin elasticity, collagen intensity, melanin content, sebum, pH, and tape stripping is essential to evaluate the epidermal barrier function. Novel non-invasive techniques such as tape stripping, ultrasound imaging, and laser confocal microscopy offer higher possibility of accurate and detailed characterisation of skin barrier. To date, these techniques have also been widely used to determine the effects of herbal plants in dermatology. Herbal plants have been traditionally used for ages to treat a variety of skin diseases, as reported by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Their availability, lower cost, and minimal or no side effects have created awareness among society, thus increase the demand for natural sources as the remedy to treat various skin diseases. This paper reviews several non-invasive techniques and evaluations of herbal-based product in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Hazwani Mohd Ariffin
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Rosnani Hasham
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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Lueangarun S, Soktepy B, Tempark T. Efficacy of anti‐inflammatory moisturizer vs hydrophilic cream in elderly patients with moderate to severe xerosis: A split site, triple‐blinded, randomized, controlled trial. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:1432-1438. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suparuj Lueangarun
- Division of Dermatology Chulabhorn International College of Medicine Thammasat University Amphur Klongluang Thailand
| | - Bith Soktepy
- Division of Dermatology Chulabhorn International College of Medicine Thammasat University Amphur Klongluang Thailand
| | - Therdpong Tempark
- Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
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Tzabari Kelman Y, Asraf S, Ozana N, Shabairou N, Zalevsky Z. Optical tissue probing: human skin hydration detection by speckle patterns analysis. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:4874-4883. [PMID: 31565531 PMCID: PMC6757448 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.004874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
An optical approach to determine the hydration level in human skin is presented. The approach is based on temporal tracking of back-reflected secondary speckle patterns generated while illuminating the tested area with a laser and applying periodic vibrations to the surface via a controlled vibration source (CVS). This approach has already been tested successfully for other biomedical parameters such as sensing vital signs, hematology and hemodynamic processes in the body. In this paper we examine and adjust this optical technique with the aim of measuring human skin moisture. We compare the suitability and accuracy of our optical method to the commercially available device for skin moisture measurements, the Corneometer CM 825 (by Courage + Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). Preliminary experiments showing the method's suitability for hydration measurements are presented, may lead to more accurate results that may upgrade the control of the cosmetic industry as well as identifying symptoms of moisture-related skin diseases.
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Quan C, Chen XY, Li X, Xue F, Chen LH, Liu N, Wang B, Wang LQ, Wang XP, Yang H, Zheng J. Psoriatic lesions are characterized by higher bacterial load and imbalance between Cutibacterium and Corynebacterium. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 82:955-961. [PMID: 31228520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have found that the microbiota of psoriatic lesions is different from that of healthy skin. OBJECTIVE To characterize the microbiota of lesional and unaffected skin in patients with psoriasis and controls and investigate the correlation between cutaneous microbiota and clinical features of psoriasis. METHODS Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and 16S rRNA sequencing, we assayed the profiles of cutaneous microbiota in controls, unaffected skin, and psoriatic lesions. We also investigated the correlation of psoriasis-associated taxa with clinical characteristics. RESULTS High bacterial load was identified in the psoriatic lesions compared with unaffected skin and controls. There was an imbalance between Cutibacterium (also known as Propionibacterium) and Corynebacterium in psoriatic skin. Lesions showed a higher proportion of Corynebacterium and a lower proportion of Cutibacterium compared with unaffected skin and controls. Corynebacterium was correlated with the severity of local lesions, whereas Cutibacterium showed correlation with the abnormity of skin capacitance. LIMITATIONS We did not conduct a longitudinal study. CONCLUSIONS Psoriatic lesions are characterized by higher bacterial load and imbalance between Cutibacterium and Corynebacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Quan
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Dermatoimmunology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Feng Xue
- Laboratory of Dermatoimmunology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Hong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Liu
- Laboratory of Dermatoimmunology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan-Qi Wang
- Laboratory of Dermatoimmunology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Pan Wang
- Laboratory of Dermatoimmunology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Laboratory of Dermatoimmunology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Laboratory of Dermatoimmunology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Mazzarello V, Piu G, Ferrari M, Piga G. Efficacy of a Topical Formulation of Sodium Bicarbonate in Mild to Moderate Stable Plaque Psoriasis: a Randomized, Blinded, Intrapatient, Controlled Study. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2019; 9:497-503. [PMID: 31077089 PMCID: PMC6704198 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-019-0302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of erythematosquamous lesions. A wide variety of topical treatments for therapy of this pathology are available, including sodium bicarbonate (SB). A few papers reported in literature focus on use of SB baths for treatment of psoriasis, but none assess evidence concerning the efficacy of SB topical preparations. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a galenic SB in lanette vax formulation compared with lanette vax base in mild to moderate stable plaque psoriasis. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, intrapatient, controlled study was performed in 28 days. Thirty patients of both genders were selected for testing. A blinded investigator evaluated the patients' psoriasis using a modified Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), body surface area (BSA), and objective parameters using sensors (Multiprobe Adapter MPA5; Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany). RESULTS Data analysis of objective parameters highlighted that use of the SB topical preparation led to no improvement in skin hydration, no reduction in transepidermal water loss, and no decrease of erythema. The modified PASI and BSA did not change from baseline. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained show that use of the studied product did not improve psoriatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Mazzarello
- Skinlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Piu
- Skinlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Skinlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Piga
- Skinlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Kye H, Choi JE, Seo SH, Kye YC, Ahn HH. Application of Analytic Technique Using Green Light Parallel-Polarized Light Images in Various Skin Diseases. Ann Dermatol 2016; 28:242-5. [PMID: 27081274 PMCID: PMC4828390 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2016.28.2.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heesang Kye
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Eun Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Hong Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Chul Kye
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Hyun Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Comparison of the Efficacy of Atopalm(®) Multi-Lamellar Emulsion Cream and Physiogel(®) Intensive Cream in Improving Epidermal Permeability Barrier in Sensitive Skin. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2016; 6:47-56. [PMID: 26841947 PMCID: PMC4799034 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-016-0097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The management of sensitive skin, which affects over 60% of the general population, has been a long-standing challenge for both patients and clinicians. Because defective epidermal permeability barrier is one of the clinical features of sensitive skin, barrier-enhancing products could be an optimal regimen for sensitive skin. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of two barrier-enhancing products, i.e., Atopalm (®) Multi-Lamellar Emulsion (MLE) Cream and Physiogel (®) Intensive Cream for sensitive skin. METHODS 60 patients with sensitive skin, aged 22-40 years old, were randomly assigned to one group treated with Atopalm MLE Cream, and another group treated with Physiogel Intensive Cream twice daily for 4 weeks. Lactic acid stinging test scores (LASTS), stratum hydration (SC) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were assessed before, 2 and 4 weeks after the treatment. RESULTS Atopalm MLE Cream significantly lowered TEWL after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment (p < 0.01). In contrast, Physiogel Intensive Cream significantly increased TEWL after 2 weeks of treatment (p < 0.05) while TEWL significantly decreased after 4-week treatments. Moreover, both Atopalm MLE Cream and Physiogel Intensive Cream significantly increased SC hydration, and improved LASTS after 4 weeks of treatment. CONCLUSION Both barrier-enhancing products are effective and safe for improving epidermal functions, including permeability barrier, SC hydration and LASTS, in sensitive skin. These products could be a valuable alternative for management of sensitive skin. FUNDING Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA, and NeoPharm Co., Ltd., Daejeon, Korea.
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Shim J, Park J, Lee J, Lee D, Lee J, Yang J. Moisturizers are effective in the treatment of xerosis irrespectively from their particular formulation: results from a prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 30:276-81. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.H. Shim
- Department of Dermatology; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - J.H. Park
- Department of Dermatology; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - J.H. Lee
- Department of Dermatology; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Department of Medical Device Management & Research; SAIHST; Sungkyunkwan University; Seoul Korea
| | - D.Y. Lee
- Department of Dermatology; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - J.H. Lee
- Department of Dermatology; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - J.M. Yang
- Department of Dermatology; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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Chhatbar PY, Ramakrishnan V, Kautz S, George MS, Adams RJ, Feng W. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Post-Stroke Upper Extremity Motor Recovery Studies Exhibit a Dose-Response Relationship. Brain Stimul 2015; 9:16-26. [PMID: 26433609 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has shown mixed results in post-stroke motor recovery, possibly because of tDCS dose differences. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to explore whether the outcome has a dose-response relationship with various dose-related parameters. METHODS The literature was searched for double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trials investigating the role of tDCS (≥5 sessions) in post-stroke motor recovery as measured by the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity (FM-UE) scale. Improvements in FM-UE scores were compared between active and sham groups by calculating standardized mean differences (Hedge's g) to derive a summary effect size. Inverse-variance-weighted linear meta-regression across individual studies was performed between various tDCS parameters and Hedge's g to test for dose-response relationships. RESULTS Eight studies with total of 213 stroke subjects were included. Summary Hedge's g was statistically significant in favor of the active group (Hedge's g = 0.61, p = 0.02) suggesting moderate effect. Specifically, studies that used bihemispheric tDCS montage (Hedge's g = 1.30, p = 0.08) or that recruited chronic stroke patients (Hedge's g = 1.23, p = 0.02) showed large improvements in the active group. A positive dose-response relationship was found with current density (p = 0.017) and charge density (p = 0.004), but not with current amplitude. Moreover, a negative dose-response relationship was found with electrode size (p < 0.001, smaller electrodes were more effective). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis and meta-regression results suggest superior motor recovery in the active group when compared to the sham group and dose-response relationships relating to electrode size, charge density and current density. These results need to be confirmed in future dedicated studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Y Chhatbar
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Viswanathan Ramakrishnan
- Department of Public Health Science, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Steven Kautz
- Department of Health Science & Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mark S George
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Brain Stimulation Laboratory, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Robert J Adams
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Wuwei Feng
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Health Science & Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Liu M, Li X, Chen XY, Xue F, Zheng J. Topical application of a linoleic acid-ceramide containing moisturizer exhibit therapeutic and preventive benefits for psoriasis vulgaris: a randomized controlled trial. Dermatol Ther 2015; 28:373-82. [PMID: 26286610 DOI: 10.1111/dth.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Dermatology; Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Dermatology; Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Xiao-Ying Chen
- Department of Dermatology; Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Feng Xue
- Laboratory of Dermatology; Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Dermatology; Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
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Jacobi A, Mayer A, Augustin M. Keratolytics and emollients and their role in the therapy of psoriasis: a systematic review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2015; 5:1-18. [PMID: 25604924 PMCID: PMC4374065 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-015-0068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psoriasis is a common chronic disease with significant impairment in quality of life. As there is no cure, it often requires lifelong disease control to minimize the development of skin lesions and to relieve symptoms. The aim of this publication is to systematically review the role of currently used emollients and keratolytics in the treatment of psoriasis. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline via PubMed regarding reviews, meta-analyses, and trials published from January 1983 to December 2013 dealing with topical administration of emollients and keratolytics in patients with psoriasis. A subsequent search in EMBASE regarding clinical trials published from 1983 to 2013 was performed to complement the findings. RESULTS A total of 60 publications met the inclusion criteria for full-text evaluation. While current reviews, meta-analyses, and guidelines state that adjuvant therapy with emollients and keratolytics should be an obligatory part in the therapy of psoriasis to facilitate descaling and/or penetration enhancement, comprehensive trials on these agents are missing, with the exception of combination products containing salicylic acid and corticosteroids. In the mentioned trials, addition of salicylic acid was beneficial in inducing a more rapid onset of action as well as a reduction of severity parameters and the area affected. However, its use has substantial limitations in young children, in patients with renal/hepatic impairment, with widespread psoriasis, those undergoing phototherapy, or those concomitantly treated with calcipotriene/systemic salicylates. CONCLUSION In view of these shortcomings, there is a need for well-designed studies on suitable keratolytic alternatives to salicylic acid offering an indisputable positive benefit-risk ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnd Jacobi
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), German Center for Dermatological Research (CeDeF), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,
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Kim DH, Choi JE, Ryu HJ, Seo SH, Kye YC, Ahn HH. Analytic parallel-polarized light imaging technique using various light-emitting diodes: a comparison with skin conductance values. Skin Res Technol 2014; 21:158-63. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. H. Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Korea University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - J. E. Choi
- Department of Dermatology; Korea University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - H. J. Ryu
- Department of Dermatology; Korea University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - S. H. Seo
- Department of Dermatology; Korea University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Y. C. Kye
- Department of Dermatology; Korea University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - H. H. Ahn
- Department of Dermatology; Korea University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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Sánchez-Regaña M, Llambí-Mateos F, Salleras-Redonnet M, Iglesias Sancho M, Collgros Totosaus H, Umbert-Millet P. Compounding as a Current Therapeutic Option in Dermatology. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2012.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Sánchez-Regaña M, Llambí-Mateos F, Salleras-Redonnet M, Iglesias Sancho M, Collgros Totosaus H, Umbert-Millet P. La formulación magistral en la terapéutica dermatológica actual. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2013; 104:738-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Hamed SH, Altrabsheh B, Assa’d T, Jaradat S, Alshra’ah M, Aljamal A, Alkhatib HS, Almalty AM. Construction, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of an in-house conductance meter for measurement of skin hydration. Med Eng Phys 2012; 34:1471-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Templeton A, Chu J, Sun M, Yao R, Sun J, Coon A, Bernard D, Shott S, Griem K. Thermal Effusivity Changes as a Precursor to Moist Desquamation. Radiat Res 2012; 178:295-303. [DOI: 10.1667/rr2745.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
The intact skin represents a barrier to the uncontrolled loss of water, proteins, and plasma components from the organism. Owing to its complex structure, the epidermal barrier with its major layer, the stratum corneum, is the rate-limiting unit for the penetration of exogenous substances through the skin. The epidermal barrier is not a static structure. The status of different functions of the epidermis can be monitored by assessing specific biophysical parameters such as transepidermal water loss, stratum corneum hydration, and skin surface pH. Variables originating from the individual as well as exogenous factors have an important influence on the epidermal barrier parameters.
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Bernardi DS, Pereira TA, Maciel NR, Bortoloto J, Viera GS, Oliveira GC, Rocha-Filho PA. Formation and stability of oil-in-water nanoemulsions containing rice bran oil: in vitro and in vivo assessments. J Nanobiotechnology 2011; 9:44. [PMID: 21952107 PMCID: PMC3198904 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-9-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoemulsions have practical application in a multitude of commercial areas, such as the chemical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Cosmetic industries use rice bran oil in sunscreen formulations, anti ageing products and in treatments for skin diseases. The aim of this study was to create rice bran oil nanoemulsions using low energy emulsification methods and to evaluate their physical stability, irritation potential and moisturising activity on volunteers with normal and diseased skin types. RESULTS The nanoemulsion developed by this phase diagram method was composed of 10% rice bran oil, 10% surfactants sorbitan oleate/PEG-30 castor oil, 0.05% antioxidant and 0.50% preservatives formulated in distilled water. The nanoemulsion was stable over the time course of this study. In vitro assays showed that this formulation has a low irritation potential, and when applied to human skin during in vivo studies, the nanoemulsion improved the skin's moisture and maintained normal skin pH values. CONCLUSION The results of irritation potential studies and in vivo assessments indicate that this nanoemulsion has potential to be a useful tool to treat skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S Bernardi
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Lv C, Song S, Luo W, Elias PM, Man MQ. Cutaneous resonance running time is decreased in psoriatic lesions. Skin Res Technol 2011; 18:232-7. [PMID: 22092918 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2011.00559.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Psoriasis is characterized by lower stratum corneum (SC) hydration and dermal inflammation. Both SC hydration and cutaneous inflammation influence cutaneous resonance running time (CRRT). However, the characteristics of CRRT in psoriatic lesions are largely unknown. In the present study, we assessed whether changes in CRRT occur in psoriatic lesions in Chinese. METHODS A Reviscometer RVM600 and Corneometer CM 825 were used to measure CRRTs and SC hydration, respectively, in psoriatic lesions (psoriasis vulgaris) on the extensor of forearm in 111 subjects (58 men, 53 women), aged 23-80 years (50.42 ± 1.23 years). The contralateral uninvolved sites served as control. RESULTS In comparison with contralateral uninvolved sites, CRRTs in psoriatic lesions were reduced significantly in all directions. There was neither gender nor age difference in the extent of reduction in CRRTs. However, the reduction of CRRTs varied with measurement directions. Positive correlations of SC hydration with CRRTs were found at some directions in uninvolved and involved sites in young men whereas CRRTs in psoriatic lesions were not correlated with SC hydration in either aged or young women. Moreover, CRRT at 0-6 o'clock direction was positively correlated with SC hydration in involved sites of aged men. CONCLUSION Cutaneous resonance running times are decreased in psoriatic lesions. Reduction of CRRTs varies with measurement directions, but not gender or age. Measurement of CRRTs could be another valuable approach to assess the severity of psoriasis and the efficacy of its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Lv
- The Center for Skin Physiology Research, Dalian Skin Disease Hospital, Liaoning, China
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Kim HJ, Park HJ, Yun JN, Jeong SK, Ahn SK, Lee SH. Pseudoceramide-containing physiological lipid mixture reduces adverse effects of topical steroids. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2011; 3:96-102. [PMID: 21461248 PMCID: PMC3062802 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2011.3.2.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Various therapeutic approaches have been suggested for preventing or reducing the adverse effects of topical glucocorticoids, including skin barrier impairment. Previously, we have shown that impairment of skin barrier function by the highest potency topical glucocorticoid, clobetasol 17-propinate (CP), can be partially prevented by co-application of a physiological lipid mixture containing pseudoceramide, free fatty acids, and cholesterol (multi-lamellar emulsion [MLE]). Skin atrophic effects of CP were also partially reduced by MLE. In this study, the preventive effects of MLE on the lowest potency topical glucocorticoid, hydrocortisone (HC), were investigated using animal models. METHODS Anti-inflammatory activity of topical HC was evaluated using a 12-O-tetradecanoylphobol-13-acetate-induced skin edema model. Topical steroid induced adverse effects were evaluated using hairless mouse. RESULTS The results showed that the anti-inflammatory activity was not altered by co-application of either MLE or hydrobase. However, co-application of MLE and 1.0% HC showed less impairment in the epidermal permeability barrier function, skin hydration, and skin surface pH compared with hydrobase. Stratum corneum integrity, evaluated by measuring trans-epidermal water loss after repeated tape stripping, showed less damage with MLE co-application. Long-term application of topical HC induced skin atrophy, measured by a reduction in skinfold and epidermal thickness and in the number of epidermal proliferating cell nucleus antigen (PCNA)-positive keratinocytes. Co-application of MLE did not affect the skinfold or epidermal thickness, but the number of PCNA-positive keratinocytes was less decreased with MLE use. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that co-application of MLE is effective in reducing the local adverse effects of low-potency topical glucocorticoids and supports the therapeutic efficacy of physiological lipid mixtures on skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Dermatology & Atopy Clinic, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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26
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Menter A, Korman NJ, Elmets CA, Feldman SR, Gelfand JM, Gordon KB, Gottlieb A, Koo JYM, Lebwohl M, Leonardi CL, Lim HW, Van Voorhees AS, Beutner KR, Ryan C, Bhushan R. Guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: section 6. Guidelines of care for the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: case-based presentations and evidence-based conclusions. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011; 65:137-74. [PMID: 21306785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common, chronic, inflammatory, multisystem disease with predominantly skin and joint manifestations affecting approximately 2% of the population. In the first 5 parts of the American Academy of Dermatology Psoriasis Guidelines of Care, we have presented evidence supporting the use of topical treatments, phototherapy, traditional systemic agents, and biological therapies for patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. In this sixth and final section of the Psoriasis Guidelines of Care, we will present cases to illustrate how to practically use these guidelines in specific clinical scenarios. We will describe the approach to treating patients with psoriasis across the entire spectrum of this fascinating disease from mild to moderate to severe, with and without psoriatic arthritis, based on the 5 prior published guidelines. Although specific therapeutic recommendations are given for each of the cases presented, it is important that treatment be tailored to meet individual patients' needs. In addition, we will update the prior 5 guidelines and address gaps in research and care that currently exist, while making suggestions for further studies that could be performed to help address these limitations in our knowledge base.
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Affiliation(s)
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- Psoriasis Research Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Stamatas GN, Nikolovski J, Mack MC, Kollias N. Infant skin physiology and development during the first years of life: a review of recent findings based on in vivo studies. Int J Cosmet Sci 2010; 33:17-24. [PMID: 20807257 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00611.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Infant skin is often presented as the cosmetic ideal for adults. However, compared to adult skin it seems to be more prone to develop certain pathological conditions, such as atopic dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis. Therefore, understanding the physiology of healthy infant skin as a point of reference is of interest both from the cosmetic as well as from the clinical point of view. Clinical research on healthy infants is, however, limited because of ethical considerations of using invasive methods and therefore until recently data has been scarce. Technical innovations and the availability of non-invasive in vivo techniques, such as evaporimetry, electrical impedance measurement, in vivo video and confocal microscopy, and in vivo fibre-optic based spectroscopy, opened up the field of in vivo infant skin physiology research. Studies incorporating such methods have demonstrated that compared to adult, infant skin continues to develop during the first years of life. Specifically, infant skin appears to have thinner epidermis and stratum corneum (SC) as well as smaller corneocytes at least until the second year of life. The water-handling properties are not fully developed before the end of the first year and infant SC contains more water and less amounts of natural moisturizing factors. Such findings re-evaluate the old notions that skin is fully matured at birth. Armed with this knowledge, we are in a position not only to better understand infant dermatological conditions but also to design better skin care products respecting the distinct qualities of infant skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Stamatas
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer France, 1 rue Camille Desmoulins, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France.
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Liu Y, Liu C, Collaudin C, Saint-Léger D, Loussouarn G, Kravtchenko S, Genain G. Challenging the scalp with ‘dry’ wash shampooing (DW) on Chinese men: anin vivostudy. Int J Cosmet Sci 2010; 32:127-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2009.00556.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Egawa M, Kunizawa N, Hirao T, Yamamoto T, Sakamoto K, Terui T, Tagami H. In vivo characterization of the structure and components of lesional psoriatic skin from the observation with Raman spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography: a pilot study. J Dermatol Sci 2009; 57:66-9. [PMID: 19914808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2009.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Man MQ, Xin SJ, Song SP, Cho SY, Zhang XJ, Tu CX, Feingold KR, Elias PM. Variation of skin surface pH, sebum content and stratum corneum hydration with age and gender in a large Chinese population. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 22:190-9. [PMID: 19648780 DOI: 10.1159/000231524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Evidence suggests the importance of skin biophysical properties in predicting diseases and in developing appropriate skin care. The results to date of studies on skin surface pH, stratum corneum (SC) hydration and sebum content in both genders and at various ages have been inconclusive, which was in part due to small sample size. Additionally, little is known about the skin physical properties of Asian, especially Chinese, subjects. In the present study, we assess the difference in skin surface pH, sebum content and SC hydration at various ages and in both genders in a large Chinese population without skin diseases. METHODS 713 subjects (328 males and 385 females) aged 0.5-94 years were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided by age into 5 groups, i.e., 0-12, 13-35, 36-50, 51-70 and over 70 years old. A multifunctional skin physiology monitor was used to measure SC hydration, skin surface pH and sebum content on both the forehead and the forearms. RESULTS In males, the highest sebum content was found on the forearm and the forehead in the age groups 36-50 (93.47 +/- 10.01 microg/cm(2)) and 51-70 years (9.16 +/- 1.95 microg/cm(2)), while in females, the highest sebum content was found on the forearm and the forehead in the age groups 13-35 (61.91 +/- 6.12 microg/cm(2)) and 51-70 years (7.54 +/- 2.55 microg/cm(2)). The forehead sebum content was higher in males aged 13-70 years than in age-matched females; the sebum content on the forehead in both males and females was higher than that on the forearm. Skin surface pH on the forehead of both males and females over the age of 70 years was higher than that in younger groups. SC hydration on the forehead in both males and females was lower above the age of 70, and the one in males aged 13-35 was higher than that in females (43.99 +/- 1.88 vs. 36.38 +/- 1.67 AU, p < 0.01). SC hydration on the forehead in both males and females did not significantly differ from that on the forearm. CONCLUSIONS In a large Chinese cohort, the skin surface pH, sebum content and SC hydration vary with age, gender and body site.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Q Man
- Department of Dermatology and Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, Calif., USA.
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Laquieze S, Czernielewski J, Baltas E. Beneficial use of Cetaphil® Moisturizing Cream as part of a daily skin care regimen for individuals with rosacea. J DERMATOL TREAT 2009; 18:158-62. [PMID: 17538804 DOI: 10.1080/09546630601121078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rosacea is a common and chronic disorder characterized by flushing, erythema, papules, pustules, and telangiectasia on the central part of the face. Because the facial skin of individuals with rosacea is particularly sensitive, irritants can trigger a worsening of the signs and symptoms of the disease. This enhanced sensitivity is thought to be linked to a deficient stratum corneum barrier function. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, 20 individuals receiving twice-daily applications of metronidazole 0.75% gel for at least 15 days applied a gentle non-irritating moisturizing cream (Cetaphil Moisturizing Cream) twice daily for 15 days on one half of the face; the other side remained treated with metronidazole only and served as the control. RESULTS Clinical assessments, confirmed by biophysical measurements (electrical capacitance, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and lactic acid stinging test), provided evidence that the moisturizer contributed to the restoration of the skin barrier: skin dryness, roughness and desquamation were much improved and skin sensitivity was significantly reduced. Skin properties and skin discomfort were also greatly enhanced and the patients were very satisfied with the product. CONCLUSIONS It can thus be concluded that in the management of rosacea, basic skin care regimens, including daily use of a therapeutic moisturizer, offer optimal benefits.
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The Antimicrobial Protein Psoriasin (S100A7) Is Upregulated in Atopic Dermatitis and after Experimental Skin Barrier Disruption. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 129:641-9. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Rosado C, Pinto P, Rodrigues LM. Assessment of moisturizers and barrier function restoration using dynamic methods. Skin Res Technol 2009; 15:77-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2008.00331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Emollients, moisturizers, and keratolytic agents are essential in the topical treatment of psoriasis. They are adjuvants for classic treatments and help to reduce the scale load of individual patients. The major role for emollients and moisturizers is the supportive role in normalizing hyperproliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis; furthermore, they exert anti-inflammatory effects, for example, through physiologic lipids. Subsequently, an improved barrier function and stratum corneum hydration makes the epidermis more resistant to external stressors and reduces the induction of Koebner phenomena. Most of the emollients are lipid-rich (sometimes oily). The keratolytic agents, especially salicylic acid, and higher concentration of urea should be used in the initial keratolytic phase, whereas moisturizing products and emollients are especially suitable in the intermediate phase and the chronic/remission phase of psoriasis. They should be combined with bath oils.
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Kang JS, Lee CW, Lee K, Han MH, Lee H, Youm JK, Jeong SK, Park BD, Han SB, Han G, Park SK, Kim HM. Inhibition of skin inflammation and atopic dermatitis by topical application of a novel ceramide derivative, K112PC-5, in mice. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31:1004-9. [PMID: 18787789 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-001-1260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Revised: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PC-9S (N-Ethanol-2-mirystyl-3-oxo-stearamide) is a synthetic ceramide and has been known to be effective in atopic and psoriatic patients. K112PC-5 (2-Acetyl-N-(1,3-dihydroxyisopropyl)-tetradecanamide) is a novel ceramide derivative of PC-9S. In the present study, we examined the effect of K112PC-5 on macrophage and T lymphocyte function in primary macrophages and splenocytes, respectively, as well as the effect of topical application of K112PC-5 on skin inflammation and atopic dermatitis (AD) in mouse models. K112PC-5 inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced nitrite generation in mouse peritoneal macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. However, K112PC-5 did not affect concanavalin A-induced proliferation, interleukin (IL)-2 secretion and IL-4 secretion in mouse splenocytes. In addition, K112PC-5 significantly suppressed the increase in phorbol ester-induced ear thickness in BALB/c mice. Further study demonstrated that topical application of K112PC-5 also inhibited AD induced by extracts of dust mites, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae, in NC/Nga mice. Taken together, these results showed that K112PC-5 exerted an anti-inflammatory effect both in vitro and in vivo and proved to be beneficial in an animal model of AD. Our results suggest that K112PC-5 might be beneficial as a topical agent for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Soon Kang
- Bioevaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, Korea
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Kang JS, Yoon WK, Youm JK, Jeong SK, Park BD, Han MH, Lee H, Moon EY, Han SB, Lee CW, Lee K, Park SK, Yang KH, Kim HM. Inhibition of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by topical application of a novel ceramide derivative, K6PC-9p, in NC/Nga mice. Exp Dermatol 2008; 17:958-64. [PMID: 18721197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00737.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that commonly begins in childhood. K6PC-9p (N-(Ethyl dihydrogenphosphate)-2-hexyl-3-oxo-decanamide) is a synthetic ceramide derivative of PC-9S (N-Ethanol-2-mirystyl-3-oxo-staramide), which was known to be effective in atopic patients. In this study, we examined the effect of topical application of K6PC-9p on skin inflammation and AD-like skin lesions in mouse models. K6PC-9p dose-dependently inhibited phorbol ester-induced increase in ear thickness in BALB/c mice. Moreover, topical application of K6PC-9p suppressed dust mite extract-induced AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Histopathological analysis revealed that both ear swelling and leucocyte infiltration were suppressed by K6PC-9p treatment. K6PC-9p also suppressed IL-4 and TNF-alpha expression in the ears and mast cell infiltration into the ears in NC/Nga mice. Further study demonstrated that K6PC-9p inhibited ConA-induced IL-4 secretion and LPS-induced macrophage activation. Taken together, our results showed that topical application of K6PC-9p exerts beneficial effects in animal model of skin inflammation and AD, suggesting that K6PC-9p might be a promising topical agent for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Soon Kang
- Bioevaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongwon, Chungbuk, Korea
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Topical application of a novel ceramide derivative, K6PC-9, inhibits dust mite extract-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 7:1589-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Revised: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Caussin J, Groenink HWW, Graaff AMD, Gooris GS, Wiechers JW, van Aelst AC, Bouwstra JA. Lipophilic and hydrophilic moisturizers show different actions on human skin as revealed by cryo scanning electron microscopy. Exp Dermatol 2007; 16:891-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00596.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Functional characteristics of the stratum corneum in photoaged skin in comparison with those found in intrinsic aging. Arch Dermatol Res 2007; 300 Suppl 1:S1-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-007-0799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Tamura T, Matsubara M, Amano T, Chida M. Olopatadine Ameliorates Rat Experimental Cutaneous Inflammation by Improving Skin Barrier Function. Pharmacology 2007; 81:118-26. [DOI: 10.1159/000110112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Nakagami G, Sanada H, Konya C, Kitagawa A, Tadaka E, Matsuyama Y. Evaluation of a new pressure ulcer preventive dressing containing ceramide 2 with low frictional outer layer. J Adv Nurs 2007; 59:520-9. [PMID: 17681081 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM This paper is a report of an evaluation of the effectiveness of a newly developed dressing for preventing persistent erythema and pressure ulcer development and improving the water-holding capacity without increasing the skin pH in bedridden older patients. BACKGROUND Shear forces and skin dryness play important roles in persistent erythema and pressure ulcer development. To eliminate these risks, we developed a dressing to reduce shear forces and improve the water-holding capacity. However, the effects of this dressing in clinical settings remain unknown. METHOD An experimental bilateral comparison study was conducted at a hospital in Japan in 2004 with 37 bedridden older patients at risk of pressure ulcer development. The dressing was randomly applied to the right or left greater trochanter for 3 weeks. No dressing was applied to the opposite side as a control. The skin was monitored weekly during the 3-week application for persistent erythema and pressure ulcer development. Skin hydration and pH were also assessed during the intervention and for 1 week after dressing removal. FINDINGS The incidence of persistent erythema was significantly lower in the intervention area than the control area [P = 0.007, RR 0.18 (95% CI: 0.05-0.73) and NNT 4.11 (2.50-11.63) ]. No pressure ulcers occurred in either the intervention or control area. Skin hydration increased significantly during dressing application and remained high after removal (P < 0.001) relative to the control area. Skin pH decreased significantly during the application (P < 0.001) but returned to control levels after removal (P = 0.38). CONCLUSION This safe and effective dressing can be used for patients with highly prominent bones and dry skin to prevent pressure ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gojiro Nakagami
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [corrected] Tokyo, Japan.
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Kwon YB, Kim CD, Youm JK, Gwak HS, Park BD, Lee SH, Jeon S, Kim BJ, Seo YJ, Park JK, Lee JH. Novel synthetic ceramide derivatives increase intracellular calcium levels and promote epidermal keratinocyte differentiation. J Lipid Res 2007; 48:1936-43. [PMID: 17554144 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m700185-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide is an important constituent of stratum corneum lipids, which act as both physical barriers and signal modulators. We synthesized several ceramide derivatives and investigated their effects on keratinocyte differentiation. RT-PCR and Western blotting showed that the novel synthetic ceramide derivatives K6PC-4 [N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2-hexyl-3-oxo-decanamide], K6PC-5, [N-(1,3-dihydroxypropyl-2-hexyl-3-oxo-decanamide] and K6PC-9 (N-ethanol-2-hexyl-3-oxo-decanamide) [corrected] These ceramide derivatives elicited a rapid transient increase in intracellular calcium levels, which were measured using laser scanning confocal microscopy. In addition, K6PC-4, K6PC-5, and K6PC-9 stimulated the phosphorylation of p42/44 extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. In a reconstituted epidermis model, K6PC-4, K6PC-5, and K6PC-9 significantly increased keratin 1 expression in the suprabasal layer. These results indicate that these novel synthetic ceramide derivatives have the potential to promote keratinocyte differentiation, suggesting that the lipid molecules are applicable for treating skin diseases involving abnormal keratinocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Bin Kwon
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Abstract
Maintenance therapy in the interval between flares is an essential part of the therapeutic approach to psoriasis. The therapeutic effectiveness of maintenance therapy results from a positive influence on the physicochemical characteristics of individual compartments of the skin, especially the stratum corneum and the epidermis. The objective is revert from a pathological milieu toward a physiological one. These effects may be supplemented by pharmacological or biochemical effects of the active substances or substance mixtures. Focal points are the use of lipophilic bases as well as keratoplastic, antiseptic and antipruriginous additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wohlrab
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Institut für angewandte Dermatopharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Kromayer-Strasse 5, 06097, Halle, Germany.
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