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Rosenkranz MA, Dean DC, Bendlin BB, Jarjour NN, Esnault S, Zetterberg H, Heslegrave A, Evans MD, Davidson RJ, Busse WW. Neuroimaging and biomarker evidence of neurodegeneration in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:589-598.e6. [PMID: 34536414 PMCID: PMC8821112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies have shown that Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) are seen more frequently with asthma, especially with greater asthma severity or exacerbation frequency. OBJECTIVE To examine the changes in brain structure that may underlie this phenomenon, we examined diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) and blood-based biomarkers of AD (phosphorylated tau 181, p-Tau181), neurodegeneration (neurofilament light chain, NfL), and glial activation (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP). METHODS dMRI data were obtained in 111 individuals with asthma, ranging in disease severity from mild to severe, and 135 healthy controls. Regression analyses were used to test the relationships between asthma severity and neuroimaging measures, as well as AD pathology, neurodegeneration, and glial activation, indexed by plasma p-Tau181, NfL, and GFAP, respectively. Additional relationships were tested with cognitive function. RESULTS Asthma participants had widespread and large-magnitude differences in several dMRI metrics, which were indicative of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, and which were robustly associated with GFAP and, to a lesser extent, NfL. The AD biomarker p-Tau181 was only minimally associated with neuroimaging outcomes. Further, asthma severity was associated with deleterious changes in neuroimaging outcomes, which in turn were associated with slower processing speed, a test of cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS Asthma, particularly when severe, is associated with characteristics of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, and may be a potential risk factor for neural injury and cognitive dysfunction. There is a need to determine how asthma may affect brain health and whether treatment directed toward characteristics of asthma associated with these risks can mitigate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Rosenkranz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisc; Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisc.
| | - Douglas C Dean
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisc; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisc; Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisc
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisc; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisc
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisc
| | - Stephane Esnault
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisc
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael D Evans
- Biostatistical Design and Analysis Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Richard J Davidson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisc; Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisc; Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisc
| | - William W Busse
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisc
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2
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Abstract
Background Angiogenesis is a prerequisite for tumor growth and metastasis. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is expressed on endothelial cells as a result of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulation. Purpose To determine if measurement in serum of VEGF or VCAM-1 provides an accurate measure of tumor angiogenesis. Methods VCAM-1 and VEGF were measured in the serum of women with early and advanced breast cancer by ELISA. Levels were compared to levels of VCAM-1 and VEGF in women with normal breasts and levels of the endothelial glycoprotein von Willebrand factor. Levels of VEGF and VCAM-1 in women with early breast cancer were correlated with established clinicopathological prognostic markers and intratumoral microvessel density (IMD). Results In early breast cancer serum VCAM-1 correlated closely with the microvessel density in tumors (r=0.61, p<0.001). Women with lymph node-positive and high-grade tumors had higher levels of serum VCAM-1 than women with lymph node-negative and low-grade tumors. Serum VEGF demonstrated no correlation with established prognostic features or IMD. Levels of VCAM-1 and VEGF were raised in women with advanced breast cancer. Conclusion Serum VCAM-1 is a surrogate marker of angiogenesis in breast cancer and its measurement may help in the assessment of antiangiogenic drugs currently in phase II trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Byrne
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester, UK
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3
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Expression and Secretion of the Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 in Human Placenta and Its Decrease in Fetal Growth Restriction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1071-55760300121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Delayed asthmatic response: a new phenotype of bronchial response to allergen challenge and soluble adhesion molecules in the serum. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2011; 106:119-30. [PMID: 21277513 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with bronchial asthma develop various types of asthmatic response to bronchial challenge with allergen, such as immediate asthmatic response, late asthmatic response, or delayed asthmatic response (DYAR), due to different immunologic mechanisms. OBJECTIVES To investigate the appearance and possible changes in the concentrations of soluble cell adhesion molecules during the DYAR, to explore the involvement of particular cell types in the mechanism(s) leading to DYAR, and to contribute to a fuller understanding of this clinical phenomenon. METHODS The DYAR recorded in 28 patients (P < .001), appearing within 26 to 32 hours, reaching maximum within 32 to 48 hours, and resolving within 56 hours after the allergen challenge, was repeated 2 to 6 weeks later. The repeated DYAR (P < .001) was supplemented with blood cell counts and measurement of serum concentrations of soluble adhesion molecules by an enzyme-linked immunoassay. RESULTS The prechallenge concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), soluble platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (sPECAM-1), soluble E-selectin, soluble L-selectin, soluble P-selectin, and soluble E-cadherin did not differ significantly from healthy controls. The DYAR was associated with the following changes in the serum: an increase of sICAM-1 at 6 and 12 hours and a decrease at 24 hours; an increase of sVCAM-1 at 24 and 36 hours; an increase of sPECAM-1 at 36 and 48 hours and a decrease at 56 and 72 hours; an increase of soluble E-selectin at 56 hours; an increase of soluble L-selectin at 56 and 72 hours; a decrease of soluble E-cadherin at 48 and 56 hours; and increased counts of blood leukocytes at 36, 48, and 56 hours, neutrophils at 24, 36, 48, and 56 hours, lymphocytes at 24, 36, and 48 hours, and monocytes at 6, 12, and 24 hours. The Th1/Th2 ratio in blood increased at 24, 36, 48, and 56 hours. The intracellular concentration of interferon γ, but not of interleukin 4, increased at 24, 36, 48, and 56 hours. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence of the involvement of neutrophils, Th1 lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells, upon participation of various adhesion molecules, in mechanisms(s) underlying the clinical DYAR.
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Ueki S, Kihara J, Kato H, Ito W, Takeda M, Kobayashi Y, Kayaba H, Chihara J. Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 induces human eosinophil migration. Allergy 2009; 64:718-24. [PMID: 19210349 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue eosinophilia is one of the hallmarks of allergic diseases and Th2-type immune responses including asthma. Adhesion molecules are known to play an important role in the accumulation of eosinophils in allergic inflammatory foci, and they contribute to eosinophil activation. Elevated levels of the soluble forms of adhesion molecules in the body fluid of asthmatic patients have been observed, although their pathophysiological significance remains to be fully elucidated. METHODS Peripheral blood eosinophils were purified, and the effect of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) on eosinophil migration was investigated using in vitro systems. RESULTS We found that sVCAM-1 (1 to 10 mug/ml) induced eosinophil chemotaxis, rather than chemokinesis, in a concentration-dependent fashion. In addition, sVCAM-1 induced cell shape change and actin polymerization, which are necessary for cell movement. Manipulations with very late antigen (VLA)-4-neutralizing antibody and signal inhibitors indicated that the sVCAM-1-induced chemotaxis was mediated through ligand-dependent activation of tyrosine kinase Src, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) MAPK. Rapid phosphorylation of these signaling molecules was observed using a bead-based multiplex assay. CONCLUSION Our results raise the possibility of sVCAM-1 in the fluid phase as a significant contributor to the heightened eosinophilic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ueki
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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6
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Jennings JE, Ramkumar T, Mao J, Boyd J, Castro M, Field JJ, Strunk RC, DeBaun MR. Elevated urinary leukotriene E4 levels are associated with hospitalization for pain in children with sickle cell disease. Am J Hematol 2008; 83:640-3. [PMID: 18506703 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.21199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CsyLTs) are inflammatory mediators produced by white blood cells. Leukotriene LTE(4) is the stable metabolite of CsyLTs, which can be measured in urine. We tested two hypotheses among children with sickle cell disease (SCD): (1) baseline urinary LTE(4) levels are elevated in children with SCD when compared with controls; and (2) baseline LTE(4) levels are associated with an increased incidence rate of hospitalization for SCD-related pain. Baseline LTE(4) levels were measured in children with SCD (cases) and children without SCD matched for age and ethnicity (controls). Medical records of cases were reviewed to assess the frequency of hospitalization for pain within 3 years of study entry. LTE(4) levels were obtained in 71 cases and 22 controls. LTE(4) levels were higher in cases compared with controls (median LTE(4): 100 vs. 57 pg/mg creatinine, P < 0.001). After adjustment for age and asthma diagnosis, a greater incidence rate of hospitalization for pain was observed among children with SCD in the highest LTE(4) tertile when compared with the lowest (114 vs. 52 episodes per 100 patient-years, P = 0.038). LTE(4) levels are elevated in children with SCD when compared with controls. LTE(4) levels are associated with an increased rate of hospitalizations for pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine E Jennings
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Babu KS, Davies DE, Holgate ST. Role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in asthma. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2004; 24:583-97, v-vi. [PMID: 15474860 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2004.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease in which various cytokines orchestrate airway inflammation. Tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-alpha) is a proinflammatory cytokine that has been implicated in the modulation of inflammation in various diseases, including asthma. Although TNF-alpha blocking strategies have been an effective therapeutic modality in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, their role in asthma and the effects of the blockade in asthma is poorly understood. This article examines the role of TNF-alpha in asthma and the effects of blocking TNF-alpha as a possible therapeutic option in patients with severe corticosteroid-dependent asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suresh Babu
- Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology Infection, Inflammation and Repair, Southampton General Hospital, Level D, Centre Block, Mailpoint 810, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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Abstract
Infiltration of cells into the lung in asthma is regulated by several expressions of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) on cells present in the airways, and may play a role in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. We sought to evaluate the role of serum concentrations of the soluble forms of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and E-selectin (sE-selectin) in the control of disease activity in acute asthma. Circulating levels of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sE-selectin in sera from 15 normal control subjects and from 20 allergic asthmatic children with acute exacerbations who had returned to stable condition were determined by using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The mean concentration of serum sICAM-1 levels was significantly higher during an acute exacerbation of asthmatic children than in those with stable asthma (19.41 +/- 10.65 ng/mL vs. 13.46 +/- 5.44 ng/mL; P < 0.001) or in control subjects (9.83 +/- 2.02 ng/mL; P < 0.001). For sVCAM-1 and sE-selectin, the mean serum concentration of sVCAM-1 was slightly higher in children during an acute exacerbation asthma than when stable. However, the differences did not reach statistical significance. The mean serum concentrations of sVCAM-1 and sE-selectin in acute asthma or stable asthma were significantly higher than in control subjects. This study provides further evidence that serum concentrations of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sE-selectin are increased in acute asthma. These findings further confirm that leukocyte endothelial adhesion plays a role in inflammatory airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Bin Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Sec. 2 Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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9
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Harada W, Toyabe SI, Uchiyama M. Anti-endothelial cell IgE antibodies in children with bronchial asthma. Allergol Int 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1592.2002.00253.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Witte JS, Palmer LJ, O'Connor RD, Hopkins PJ, Hall JM. Relation between tumour necrosis factor polymorphism TNFalpha-308 and risk of asthma. Eur J Hum Genet 2002; 10:82-5. [PMID: 11896460 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2001] [Revised: 10/09/2001] [Accepted: 10/16/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha affects immune response and airway inflammation, which are characteristics of asthma. Genetic factors may impact TNFalpha levels, and several polymorphisms in the TNF gene cluster on chromosome 6p21 have been associated with TNFalpha production and potential increased risk of asthma. The present paper evaluates the relation between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TNF gene cluster and asthma risk. The SNPs investigated here are guanine (G) to adenosine (A) substitutions in the TNFalpha and lymphotoxin alpha (LTalpha) genes. The TNFalpha SNP is at position -308 in the promoter region (TNFalpha-308), while the LTalpha SNP is in the first intron NcoI recognition sequence (LTalpha-NcoI). (For both SNPs the G allele is denoted as 1, and the A allele 2.) We determined TNFalpha-308 and LTalpha-NcoI genotypes in 511 individuals: 236 asthma cases and 275 non-asthmatic controls. Data were analysed by logistic regression of asthma status on the genotypes and potential confounders. TNFalpha-308*2 was positively associated with asthma, and this relation was strengthened when restricting cases to individuals reporting acute asthma: the adjusted odds ratio (OR) comparing carriers of one or two TNFalpha-308*2 alleles versus none was 1.86 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.03-3.34, P=0.04). Further restricting the subjects to those with a family history of asthma, and those of European-American ancestry strengthened the association even more: adjusted OR=3.16 (95% CI=1.04-9.66; P=0.04). LTalpha-NcoI*1 was weakly associated with asthma, and analysis of both genes suggests that only the TNFalpha-308*2 allele increases risk of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4945, USA.
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11
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Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is recognized as an important mediator in many cytokine- dependent inflammatory events. It is known that TNF-alpha is released in allergic responses from both mast cells and macrophages via IgE-dependent mechanisms, and elevated levels have been demonstrated in the bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) of asthmatic subjects undergoing allergen challenge. Inhaled TNF-alpha increases airway responsiveness to methacholine in normal and asthmatic subjects associated with a sputum neutrophilia. Additional data indicate that TNF-alpha can upregulate adhesion molecules, facilitate the immigration of inflammatory cells into the airway wall and activate pro-fibrotic mechanisms in the subepithelium. These data suggest that TNF-alpha plays a role in the initiation of allergic asthmatic airway inflammation and the generation of airway hyper-reactivity. In addition, polymorphisms of the TNF-alpha gene 5' untranslated region, particularly at -308 bp, have been described as being associated with asthma. This polymorphism is associated with increased levels of TNF-alpha, but as yet, no asthma studies have demonstrated a phenotypic difference between those individuals with the polymorphism and those with the wild type gene. The TNF receptors (TNF-R p55 and p75), also known as CD120a and b, have also been shown to be present in the lung, but their functional importance is only just emerging. In asthma, TNF may function as a pro-inflammatory cytokine that causes the recruitment of neutrophils and eosinophils. Treatment directed specifically at a reduction in TNF-alpha activity may conceivably be useful as a glucocorticosteroid-sparing asthma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Thomas
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
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12
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Hashimoto S, Gon Y, Asai Y, Asai Y, Machino T, Jibiki I, Takeshita I, Anazawa H, Horie T. p38 MAP kinase regulates RANTES production by TNF-alpha-stimulated human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. Allergy 1999; 54:1168-72. [PMID: 10604552 DOI: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00224.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RANTES plays an important role in the production of allergic inflammation of the airway through its chemotactic activity for eosinophils. However, the intracellular signal regulating RANTES expression in human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells has not been determined. In the present study, therefore, we examined the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in RANTES production by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-stimulated pulmonary vascular endothelial cells in order to clarify the signal transduction pathway regulating RANTES production by pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. METHODS We examined p38 MAP kinase activation, and the effect of SB 203580, as the specific inhibitor for p38 MAP kinase, on p38 MAP kinase activity and RANTES production by TNF-alpha-stimulated human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. RESULTS The results showed that TNF-alpha induced RANTES production and p38 MAP kinase activity in human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. Abrogation of p38 MAP kinase activity by SB 203580 repressed TNF-alpha-induced p38 MAP kinase activity and RANTES production. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that p38 MAP kinase plays an important role in the TNF-alpha-activated signaling pathway which regulates RANTES production by human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hashimoto
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Uchio E, Ono S, Ikezawa Z, Ohno S. Serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and interleukin-2 receptor in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis and allergic conjunctivitis. Allergy 1999; 54:135-41. [PMID: 10221436 DOI: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00738.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is characterized by severe ocular allergic inflammation that may have a poor visual prognosis. Due to the high frequency of the presence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in VKC, most systemic parameters are dependent on the clinical severity of AD. METHODS Serum levels of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sIL-2R were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay using samples from 30 VKC patients, 30 allergic conjunctivitis (AC) patients, and 20 normal subjects, to determine whether the concentrations of these molecules are elevated. RESULTS Circulating sICAM-1 and sIL-2R levels were increased in patients with VKC with AD compared with those in VKC without AD, AC, and normal controls. Serum levels of sVCAM-1 in VKC patients with and without AD were significantly higher than those in controls. No significant difference was found in the levels of sVCAM-1 between patients with VKC with and without AD. In VKC patients with AD, the sIL-2R level correlated significantly with severity of AD, whereas no such correlation was found for sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that serum sVCAM-1 can be used as a marker to differentiate VKC from nonproliferative ocular allergic diseases, and specific immunologic features of VKC may underlie the upregulation of serum sVCAM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Uchio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Oymar K, Bjerknes R. Differential patterns of circulating adhesion molecules in children with bronchial asthma and acute bronchiolitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1998; 9:73-9. [PMID: 9677602 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.1998.tb00307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The object of the study was to assess the levels of circulating forms of the cellular adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, L-selectin and P-selectin in young children with asthma and acute bronchiolitis. Thirty-nine children aged 12 to 84 months with mild or moderate asthma were studied at admission for acute asthma (n = 15) or in a stable phase (n = 24). Ten of the children with acute asthma were seen again after one month. Twenty-two children aged 1 to 17 months with acute bronchiolitis and nine non-atopic controls were also included in the study. In children with acute asthma, the mean concentration of circulating soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) was increased compared to children with stable asthma (mean 442 micrograms/l versus 363 micrograms/l; p < 0.001) and to controls (363 micrograms/l; p < 0.05). The levels of sICAM-1 remained high at follow up. In children with stable asthma, the mean serum concentration of soluble L-selectin (sL-selectin) (2080 micrograms) was significantly higher than in the controls (1664 micrograms/l; p < 0.05). The levels of circulating cellular adhesion molecules were similar in atopic and non-atopic asthmatics. Children with acute bronchiolitis had increased serum levels of soluble VCAM-1 (sVCAM-1) (1637 micrograms/l versus 1019 micrograms/l in the controls; p < 0.01) and sL-selectin (2041 micrograms/l versus 1664 micrograms/l in the controls; p < 0.05). There was no difference between the levels of circulating cellular adhesion molecules in children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) positive and RSV negative bronchiolitis. Soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) and soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) in serum were not significantly increased in any of the groups studied. In conclusion, our data suggest differential patterns of circulating cellular adhesion molecules in young children with acute asthma, stable asthma, and acute bronchiolitis, which may reflect differences in the underlying inflammatory processes in these obstructive pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Oymar
- Department of Pediatrics, Rogaland County Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
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15
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Albuquerque RV, Hayden CM, Palmer LJ, Laing IA, Rye PJ, Gibson NA, Burton PR, Goldblatt J, Lesouëf PN. Association of polymorphisms within the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) genes and childhood asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 1998; 28:578-84. [PMID: 9645594 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.1998.00273.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is a potent modulator of immune and inflammatory responses, and has been implicated in a variety of autoimmune diseases, including asthma. Increased levels of TNFalpha have been detected in both sputa and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic subjects during acute attacks. Interindividual variation in TNFalpha levels may be genetically determined and polymorphisms within the TNF genes and nearby HLA Class II region have been associated with differences in TNFalpha production. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of differences in asthma-related phenotypes with two biallelic polymorphisms: a G to A substitution at position - 308 of the TNFalpha gene promoter (TNF1 and TNF2 alleles) and an NcoI polymorphism in the first intron of the lymphotoxin alpha gene (LT-alpha*1 and LT-alpha*2 alleles). METHODS The regions of interest were amplified from genomic DNA using specific primers and PCR. Dot blot analysis was used for genotyping individuals for the TNFalpha - 308 polymorphism, while restriction enzyme digestion was used for genotyping individuals for the LT-alpha gene NcoI polymorphism. A case-control analysis was then performed on 74 asthmatic and 50 non-asthmatic unrelated children for each polymorphism. RESULTS The TNFalpha - 308 TNF1 allele was present at a significantly higher frequency in cases than controls (OR= 2.4, P=0.003), and homozygosity for the TNF1 allele was associated with a fivefold increased risk of physician diagnosed asthma relative to the other genotypes (OR = 5.23, P = 0.004). The LT-alpha*2 allele showed similar associations, including an approximately fivefold higher risk of physician diagnosed asthma for LT-alpha*2 homozygotes (OR = 4.89, P = 0.019). Evidence of a significant linear trend in asthma risk across the three genotypes was found for both polymorphisms. CONCLUSION These results suggest an important role for the TNFalpha gene or a linked locus in an inherited asthma diathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Albuquerque
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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16
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Wolkerstorfer A, Laan MP, Savelkoul HF, Neijens HJ, Mulder PG, Oudesluys-Murphy AM, Sukhai RN, Oranje AP. Soluble E-selectin, other markers of inflammation and disease severity in children with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1998; 138:431-5. [PMID: 9580795 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
E-selectin, P-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) are membrane-bound adhesion molecules which mediate the attachment of leucocytes to endothelial cells. These molecules are preferentially expressed on activated endothelium. The soluble forms of these molecules (sE-selectin, sP-selectin, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1) are present in the circulation as a result of shedding. Some of the soluble adhesion molecules have been thought to reflect disease activity in atopic dermatitis (AD). To evaluate their potential to reflect disease activity in AD, we correlated their plasma concentration with clinical severity measured by objective SCORAD (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis). Furthermore, levels of total IgE, specific IgE, and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) were determined. SCORAD and sE-selectin levels were significantly increased in children with specific IgE for both food and inhalation allergens (P < 0.05). ECP consistently showed an increase with the scores of SCORAD, but no statistical significance was reached. Disease activity was significantly correlated with the plasma levels of sE-selectin (rs = 0.6, P < 0.0005) but not with sP-selectin, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1. This agrees with recent studies performed in adults with AD, and supports the potential of sE-selection as a parameter for monitoring disease activity in young children with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wolkerstorfer
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital, Rotterdam
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Laan MP, Koning H, Baert MR, Oranje AP, Buurman WA, Savelkoul HF, Neijens HJ. Levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble E-selectin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor p55 and p75 in atopic children. Allergy 1998; 53:51-8. [PMID: 9491229 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03773.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During inflammation, membrane expression of adhesion molecules and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-receptors (TNF-R) are increased, and soluble forms of these molecules are released. This study analyzed plasma levels of sICAM-1 and sE-selectin as well as TNF-alpha, sTNF-R55, and sTNF-R75 in nonallergic (NAA) and allergic asthma patients (AA), atopic dermatitis patients (AD), and healthy children (HC) by ELISA. Plasma levels of sICAM-1, sE-selectin, and sTNF-R, but not TNF-alpha, were detectable, but were not significantly different between the patient groups and healthy children. In the AA group, a significant correlation (rs = 0.78, P = 0.008) was found between sICAM-1 and sE-selectin levels. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between sTNF-R55 and sTNF-R75 levels in the AA group (rs = 0.70, P = 0.025) and in the AD group (rs = 0.69, P = 0.027). In AD patients, a significant correlation was observed between sE-selectin and the disease severity, as measured by the SCORAD index (rs = 0.73, P = 0.038). Our data demonstrate that plasma levels of sICAM-1, sE-selectin, TNF-alpha, sTNF-R55, and sTNF-R75 were not different between atopic and nonatopic children during a stable phase of the disease. In AD patients, levels of sE-selectin seemed to be related to clinical severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Laan
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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