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Hu W, Zhang X, Sheng H, Liu Z, Chen Y, Huang Y, He W, Luo G. The mutual regulation between γδ T cells and macrophages during wound healing. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:840-851. [PMID: 37493223 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the main cells shaping the local microenvironment during wound healing. As the prime T cells in the skin, γδ T cells participate in regulating microenvironment construction, determining their mutual regulation helps to understand the mechanisms of wound healing, and explore innovative therapeutic options for wound repair. This review introduced their respective role in wound healing firstly, and then summarized the regulatory effect of γδ T cells on macrophages, including chemotaxis, polarization, apoptosis, and pyroptosis. Last, the retrograde regulation on γδ T cells by macrophages was also discussed. The main purpose is to excavate novel interventions for treating wound and provide new thought for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), ShaPingBa District, Chongqing 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, ShaPingBa District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), ShaPingBa District, Chongqing 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, ShaPingBa District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hao Sheng
- Urology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), XinQiao District, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Zhongyang Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, ErQi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Yunxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), ShaPingBa District, Chongqing 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, ShaPingBa District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), ShaPingBa District, Chongqing 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, ShaPingBa District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), ShaPingBa District, Chongqing 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, ShaPingBa District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), ShaPingBa District, Chongqing 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, ShaPingBa District, Chongqing 400038, China
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Clowry J, Dempsey DJ, Claxton TJ, Towell AM, Turley MB, Sutton M, Geoghegan JA, Kezic S, Jakasa I, White A, Irvine AD, McLoughlin RM. Distinct T cell signatures are associated with Staphylococcus aureus skin infection in pediatric atopic dermatitis. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e178789. [PMID: 38716729 PMCID: PMC11141913 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.178789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin condition with a childhood prevalence of up to 25%. Microbial dysbiosis is characteristic of AD, with Staphylococcus aureus the most frequent pathogen associated with disease flares and increasingly implicated in disease pathogenesis. Therapeutics to mitigate the effects of S. aureus have had limited efficacy and S. aureus-associated temporal disease flares are synonymous with AD. An alternative approach is an anti-S. aureus vaccine, tailored to AD. Experimental vaccines have highlighted the importance of T cells in conferring protective anti-S. aureus responses; however, correlates of T cell immunity against S. aureus in AD have not been identified. We identify a systemic and cutaneous immunological signature associated with S. aureus skin infection (ADS.aureus) in a pediatric AD cohort, using a combined Bayesian multinomial analysis. ADS.aureus was most highly associated with elevated cutaneous chemokines IP10 and TARC, which preferentially direct Th1 and Th2 cells to skin. Systemic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, except for Th2 cells, were suppressed in ADS.aureus, particularly circulating Th1, memory IL-10+ T cells, and skin-homing memory Th17 cells. Systemic γδ T cell expansion in ADS.aureus was also observed. This study suggests that augmentation of protective T cell subsets is a potential therapeutic strategy in the management of S. aureus in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Clowry
- Department of Dermatology, National Children’s Research Centre, Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J. Dempsey
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tracey J. Claxton
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling M. Towell
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary B. Turley
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Sutton
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joan A. Geoghegan
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sanja Kezic
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ivone Jakasa
- Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Arthur White
- School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan D. Irvine
- Department of Dermatology, National Children’s Research Centre, Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rachel M. McLoughlin
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Chen Z, Dragan M, Sun P, Haensel D, Vu R, Cui L, Shi Y, Dai X. An AhR-Ovol1-Id1 regulatory axis in keratinocytes promotes skin homeostasis against atopic dermatitis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.29.577821. [PMID: 38352592 PMCID: PMC10862726 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.29.577821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Skin is our outer permeability and immune defense barrier against myriad external assaults. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) senses environmental factors and regulates barrier robustness and immune homeostasis. AhR agonist is in clinical trial for atopic dermatitis (AD) treatment, but the underlying mechanism of action remains ill-defined. Here we report OVOL1/Ovol1 as a conserved and direct transcriptional target of AhR in epidermal keratinocytes. We show that OVOL1/Ovol1 impacts AhR regulation of keratinocyte gene expression, and Ovol1 deletion in keratinocytes hampers AhR's barrier promotion function and worsens AD-like inflammation. Mechanistically, we identify Ovol1's direct downstream targets genome-wide, and provide in vivo evidence for Id1's critical role in barrier maintenance and disease suppression. Furthermore, our findings reveal an IL-1/dermal γδT cell axis exacerbating both type 2 and type 3 immune responses downstream of barrier perturbation in Ovol1 -deficient AD skin. Finally, we present data suggesting the clinical relevance of OVOL1 and ID1 function in human AD. Our study highlights a keratinocyte-intrinsic AhR-Ovol1-Id1 regulatory axis that promotes both epidermal and immune homeostasis against AD-like inflammation, implicating new therapeutic targets for AD.
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Fagundes BO, de-Sousa TR, Victor JR. Gamma-delta (γδ) T cell-derived cytokines (IL-4, IL-17, IFN-γ and IL-10) and their possible implications for atopic dermatitis development. Int J Dermatol 2023; 62:443-448. [PMID: 35844012 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic disease related to skin disorders that affect individuals in their childhood and can persist or start in adulthood. Patients affected by this disease commonly show skin lesions on the body surface (mainly on the upper and lower limbs) and allergic rhinitis or asthma crises. Looking at the disease from a molecular perspective, the major cytokines involved in inflammatory skin diseases, not only AD, include IL-4, IL-17, IFN-γ and IL-10. Although they can produce these cytokines and infiltrate the affected epithelia in patients with AD, γδ T cells are still almost unexplored. In this update, we briefly discuss the involvement of IL-4, IL-17, IFN-γ and IL-10 in the pathophysiology of AD and the possible role of γδ T cells during the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Oliveira Fagundes
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Clinical Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thamires Rodrigues de-Sousa
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Clinical Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Russo Victor
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Clinical Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Faculdades Metropolitanas Unidas (FMU), Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Medical School, Universidade Santo Amaro (Unisa), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Inadequate Activation of γδT- and B-cells in Patient with Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) Portrayed by TRG and IGH Repertoire Analyses. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:109-122. [PMID: 36044170 PMCID: PMC9840590 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) harbor mutations in the WAS gene and suffer from immunodeficiency, microthrombocytopenia, and eczema. T-cells play an important role in immune response in the skin and the γδT-cells have an important role in skin homeostasis. Since WAS patients often present with eczema, we wanted to examine whether the T-cell receptor gamma (TRG) repertoire of the γδT-cells is affected in these patients. In addition, the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) repertoire from genomic DNA of WAS patients was not yet studied. Thus, we sought to determine the effects that specific WAS mutations from our patients have in shaping the TRG and IGH immune repertoires. We collected clinical and genetic data on four WAS patients, each harboring a different mutation in the WAS gene. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS), we analyzed their TRG and IGH repertoires using genomic DNA isolated from their peripheral blood. We analyzed the TRG and IGH repertoire sequences to show repertoire restriction, clonal expansions, preferential utilization of specific V genes, and unique characteristics of the antigen binding region in WAS patients with eczema compared to healthy controls. Both the TRG and IGH repertoire showed diverse repertoire comparable to healthy controls on one the hand, and on the other hand, the IGH repertoire showed increased diversity, more evenly distributed repertoire and immaturity of the antigen binding region. Thus, we demonstrate by analyzing the repertoire based on genomic DNA, the various effect that WAS mutations have in shaping the TRG and IGH adaptive immune repertoires.
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Fagundes BO, de Sousa TR, Nascimento A, Fernandes LA, Sgnotto FDR, Orfali RL, Aoki V, Duarte AJDS, Sanabani SS, Victor JR. IgG from Adult Atopic Dermatitis (AD) Patients Induces Nonatopic Neonatal Thymic Gamma-Delta T Cells (γδT) to Acquire IL-22/IL-17 Secretion Profile with Skin-Homing Properties and Epigenetic Implications Mediated by miRNA. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6872. [PMID: 35743310 PMCID: PMC9224404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
γδT cells mature in the human thymus, and mainly produce IL-17A or IFN-γ, but can also produce IL-22 and modulate a variety of immune responses. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether IgG from AD patients (AD IgG) can functionally modulate thymic nonatopic γδT cells. Thymic tissues were obtained from 12 infants who had not had an atopic history. Thymocytes were cultured in mock condition, or in the presence of either AD IgG or therapeutic intravenous IgG (IVIg). Following these treatments, intracellular cytokine production, phenotype, and microRNA expression profiles were investigated. AD IgG could downregulate α4β7, upregulate CLA, and induce the production of IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-22 in γδT cells. Although both AD IgG and IVIg could directly interact with γδT cell membranes, AD IgG could reduce γδT cell apoptosis. AD IgG could upregulate nine miRNAs compared to IVIg, and six when compared to the mock condition. In parallel, some miRNAs were downregulated. Target gene prediction and functional analysis indicated that some target genes were enriched in the negative regulation of cellular transcription. This study shows that AD IgG influences the production of IL-17 and IL-22 by intrathymic nonatopic γδT cells, and demonstrates epigenetic implications mediated by miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Oliveira Fagundes
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (B.O.F.); (T.R.d.S.); (R.L.O.); (V.A.); (A.J.d.S.D.)
| | - Thamires Rodrigues de Sousa
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (B.O.F.); (T.R.d.S.); (R.L.O.); (V.A.); (A.J.d.S.D.)
| | - Andrezza Nascimento
- Post-Graduation Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04039-002, Brazil; (A.N.); (L.A.F.)
| | - Lorena Abreu Fernandes
- Post-Graduation Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04039-002, Brazil; (A.N.); (L.A.F.)
| | | | - Raquel Leão Orfali
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (B.O.F.); (T.R.d.S.); (R.L.O.); (V.A.); (A.J.d.S.D.)
| | - Valéria Aoki
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (B.O.F.); (T.R.d.S.); (R.L.O.); (V.A.); (A.J.d.S.D.)
| | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (B.O.F.); (T.R.d.S.); (R.L.O.); (V.A.); (A.J.d.S.D.)
- Division of Pathology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Sabri Saeed Sanabani
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (B.O.F.); (T.R.d.S.); (R.L.O.); (V.A.); (A.J.d.S.D.)
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-03, Division of Pathology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Russo Victor
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (B.O.F.); (T.R.d.S.); (R.L.O.); (V.A.); (A.J.d.S.D.)
- Faculdades Metropolitanas Unidas (FMU), Health Sciences School, Sao Paulo 04505-002, Brazil
- Medical School, Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), Sao Paulo 04829-300, Brazil
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Hu W, Shang R, Yang J, Chen C, Liu Z, Liang G, He W, Luo G. Skin γδ T Cells and Their Function in Wound Healing. Front Immunol 2022; 13:875076. [PMID: 35479079 PMCID: PMC9035842 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.875076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
For the skin immune system, γδ T cells are important components, which help in defensing against damage and infection of skin. Compared to the conventional αβ T cells, γδ T cells have their own differentiation, development and activation characteristics. In adult mice, dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs), Vγ4 and Vγ6 γδ T cells are the main subsets of skin, the coordination and interaction among them play a crucial role in wound repair. To get a clear overview of γδ T cells, this review synopsizes their derivation, development, colonization and activation, and focuses their function in acute and chronic wound healing, as well as the underlining mechanism. The aim of this paper is to provide cues for the study of human epidermal γδ T cells and the potential treatment for skin rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruoyu Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiacai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Guangping Liang, ; Weifeng He, ; Gaoxing Luo,
| | - Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Guangping Liang, ; Weifeng He, ; Gaoxing Luo,
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Guangping Liang, ; Weifeng He, ; Gaoxing Luo,
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Zhang W, Pajulas A, Kaplan MH. γδ T Cells in Skin Inflammation. Crit Rev Immunol 2022; 42:43-56. [PMID: 37075018 PMCID: PMC10439530 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2022047288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells are a subset of T lymphocytes that express T cell receptor γ and 5 chains and display structural and functional heterogeneity. γδ T cells are typically of low abundance in the body and account for 1-5% of the blood lymphocytes and peripheral lymphoid tissues. As a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, γδ T cells are uniquely poised to rapidly respond to stimulation and can regulate immune responses in peripheral tissues. The dendritic epidermal T cells in the skin epidermis can secrete growth factors to regulate skin homeostasis and re-epithelization and release inflammatory factors to mediate wound healing during skin inflammatory responses. Dermal γδ T cells can regulate the inflammatory process by producing interleukin-17 and other cytokines or chemokines. Here, we offer a review of the immune functions of γδ T cells, intending to understand their role in regulating skin barrier integrity and skin wound healing, which may be crucial for the development of novel therapeutics in skin diseases like atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Abigail Pajulas
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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Castillo-González R, Cibrian D, Sánchez-Madrid F. Dissecting the complexity of γδ T-cell subsets in skin homeostasis, inflammation, and malignancy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:2030-2042. [PMID: 33259837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells are much less common than αβ T cells, accounting for 0.5% to 5% of all T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues in mice and humans. However, they are the most abundant T-lymphocyte subset in some epithelial barriers such as mouse skin. γδ T cells are considered innate lymphocytes because of their non-MHC restricted antigen recognition, as well as because of their rapid response to cytokines, invading pathogens, and malignant cells. Exacerbated expansion and activation of γδ T cells in the skin is a common feature of acute and chronic skin inflammation such as psoriasis and contact or atopic dermatitis. Different γδ T-cell subsets showing differential developmental and functional features are found in mouse and human skin. This review discusses the state of the art of research and future perspectives about the role of the different subsets of γδ T-cells detected in the skin in steady-state, psoriasis, dermatitis, infection, and malignant skin diseases. Also, we highlight the differences between human and mouse γδ T cells in skin homeostasis and inflammation, as understanding the differential role of each subtype of skin γδ T cells will improve the discovery of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Castillo-González
- Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Danay Cibrian
- Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Jee MH, Mraz V, Geisler C, Bonefeld CM. γδ T cells and inflammatory skin diseases. Immunol Rev 2020; 298:61-73. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Hamilton Jee
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center Department of Immunology and Microbiology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Veronika Mraz
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center Department of Immunology and Microbiology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Carsten Geisler
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center Department of Immunology and Microbiology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Charlotte Menné Bonefeld
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center Department of Immunology and Microbiology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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11
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γδT cells contribute to type 2 inflammatory profiles in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 133:2301-2315. [PMID: 31722010 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRS) is a condition linked with type 2 inflammation, poor treatment outcomes, and high recurrence tendency. Although γδT cells have been reported to induce type 2 immune responses and eosinophilic infiltration in several diseases, their role in ECRS has not been fully explored. We aimed to evaluate the association of γδT cells with the type 2 inflammatory profiles in ECRS. Nasal tissue samples obtained from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) (51 eosinophilic and 48 non-eosinophilic), 50 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and 58 control subjects were examined for γδT cells, inflammatory markers and eosinophils using HE, RT-qPCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. In parallel, studies were also conducted in an ECRS murine model induced by anti-γδT cells neutralizing antibody administration. γδT cells expression was significantly increased in tissues from patients with ECRS compared with non-ECRS, CRSsNP and control subjects. Moreover, inflammatory markers including type 2 proinflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), GATA3, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and eotaxin levels were also increased in nasal tissues of patients with ECRS, and Vγ1+ γδT cells mRNA expression was positively correlated with type 2 cytokines, GATA3, and ECP. In the ECRS murine model, anti-Vγ1+ γδT antibody treatment reduced the infiltration of eosinophils and expression of type 2 cytokines, GATA3, and ECP in nasal mucosae. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that γδT cells play a crucial role in the type 2 inflammatory profiles and nasal tissue eosinophilic infiltration in patients with ECRS.
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Abstract
Innate lymphocyte populations are emerging as key effectors in tissue homeostasis, microbial defense, and inflammatory skin disease. The cells are evolutionarily ancient and carry conserved principles of function, which can be achieved through shared or unique specific mechanisms. Recent technological and treatment advances have provided insight into heterogeneity within and between individuals and species. Similar pathways can extend through to adaptive lymphocytes, which softens the margins with innate lymphocyte populations and allows investigation of nonredundant pathways of immunity and inflammation that might be amenable to therapeutic intervention. Here, we review advances in understanding of innate lymphocyte biology with a focus on skin disease and the roles of commensal and pathogen responses and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Chen
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Clare S Hardman
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Koshika Yadava
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LE, United Kingdom;
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergic diseases represent a growing global health concern, especially among pediatric populations. Current strategies for the treatment of allergies and asthma focus on limiting the severity of the symptoms; however, additional research investigating the mechanisms promoting inflammation in the context of allergic reactions may lead to the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. RECENT FINDINGS Novel studies have highlighted the contributions of innate lymphocytes to the induction of inflammatory responses to allergens. Remarkably, neuron-derived signals, hormones, and even vitamins have been suggested to modulate the activity of innate lymphocytes, opening new windows of opportunity for the treatment of allergic inflammation. SUMMARY These studies highlight the complex interactions of the nervous, endocrine, and immune system that promote pathology in the context of allergic inflammation. Further studies are required to understand these interactions in order to aid in the development of novel and much-needed therapies to treat allergic conditions.
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Guo JQ, Liu J, Lu B. [Expression of gamma-delta T cells in immune microenvironment in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2019; 21:960-965. [PMID: 31642427 PMCID: PMC7389730 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the role of gamma-delta T (γδ T) cells and its subsets in the immunopathogenesis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) in children, and to provide new ideas for the treatment of HSP in children from the aspect of γδ T cell regulation. METHODS A total of 33 children with HSP were enrolled as the HSP group, and 21 healthy children were enrolled as the healthy control group. The percentages of γδ T cells and its subsets Vδ1+ T and Vδ2+ T cells among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were measured, as well as the apoptosis rate of γδ T cell and plasma level of interleukin-17 (IL-17). RESULTS Compared with the healthy control group, the HSP group had significantly lower percentages of lymphocytes in PBMCs and Vδ2+ T cells in γδ T cells (P<0.05). The HSP group had significantly higher percentage of Vδ1+ T cells in γδ T cells and plasma level of IL-17 than the healthy control group. The HSP group had a significantly higher overall apoptosis rate of γδ T cells than the healthy control group (P<0.05), especially early apoptosis. The percentage of Vδ2+ T cells was positively correlated with overall apoptosis rate (rs=0.615, P<0.05) and was negatively correlated with IL-17 level (rs=-0.398, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Vδ1+/Vδ2+ T cell immune imbalance mediated by γδ T cells and over-activation of IL-17 may be involved in the development of HSP, among which the disturbance of immune tolerance induced by Vδ2+ T cells plays an important role in the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Guo
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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15
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Wang N, Schoos AMM, Larsen JM, Brix S, Thysen AH, Rasmussen MA, Stokholm J, Bønnelykke K, Bisgaard H, Chawes BL. Reduced IL-2 response from peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to bacteria at 6 months of age is associated with elevated total-IgE and allergic rhinitis during the first 7 years of life. EBioMedicine 2019; 43:587-593. [PMID: 31056472 PMCID: PMC6558232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmunity and allergy have been associated with decreased number and function of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and low interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels. We aimed to investigate if the release of IL-2 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with pathogenic airway bacteria was associated with development of allergy-outcomes in early childhood. METHODS PBMCs were isolated at age 6 months in 331 infants from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2000 (COPSAC2000) mother-child cohort, and subsequently stimulated with H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis and S. pneumoniae in in vitro cultures. Levels of cytokines (IL-2, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-5, IL-13 and IL-17A) were determined in the supernatant by electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. The immune profiles were analyzed for association with development of total-IgE, allergic sensitization and rhinitis during the first 7 years of life using regression models and principal component analysis (PCA). FINDINGS An attenuated IL-2 response to stimulation with H. influenzae (p = 0∙011) and M. catarrhalis (p = 0∙027) was associated with elevated total-IgE at age 7, which was confirmed in a multivariate PCA model including all cytokine measurements (PC2, p = 0∙032). An immune profile with both reduced IL-2 and elevated IL-5 was associated with increased risk of allergic rhinitis (PC3, p = 0∙038). We found no associations with development of allergic sensitization. INTERPRETATION A reduced IL-2 response from PBMCs exposed to common pathogenic airway bacteria at age 6 months was associated with elevated total-IgE and allergic rhinitis during the first 7 years of life. These findings suggest that suppressed Treg activity in early life may herald onset of allergy in early childhood, which could be a target for low-dose IL-2 trials in the future. FUND: COPSAC is funded by private and public research funds all listed on www.copsac.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wang
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark; Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ann-Marie M Schoos
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Jeppe M Larsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anna H Thysen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark; Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten A Rasmussen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark; Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.
| | - Bo L Chawes
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
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16
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Yang LY, Li X, Li WT, Huang JC, Wang ZY, Huang ZZ, Chang LH, Zhang GH. Vγ1⁺ γδT Cells Are Correlated With Increasing Expression of Eosinophil Cationic Protein and Metalloproteinase-7 in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps Inducing the Formation of Edema. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017; 9:142-151. [PMID: 28102059 PMCID: PMC5266113 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2017.9.2.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have found that expression of γδT cells is increased in pathological mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) compared with normal nasal mucosa. This increase is correlated with the infiltration of eosinophils in CRSwNP. Here, we investigated the expression of γδT cells, inflammation and tissue remodeling factors as well as their probable relationships in different types of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in China. METHODS A total of 76 surgical tissue samples that included 43 CRSwNP samples (15 eosinophilic and 28 non-eosinophilic), 17 CRS samples without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and 16 controls were obtained. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of Vγ1⁺ γδT cells, Vγ4⁺ γδT cells, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), interleukin (IL)-8, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2, metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-4 and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the protein level of ECP and MMP-7 in CRSwNP. The eosinophils were counted and the level of edema was analyzed with HE staining. RESULTS The mRNA expression levels of the Vγ1 subset, ECP and MMP-7 were significantly increased in CRSwNP with histological characteristics of eosinophilic infiltration and edema. The expression of the Vγ1 gene in CRSwNP correlated positively with the expression of both ECP and MMP-7. No significant decreases in the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β2, TIMP-4 or HIF-1α were observed in the CRSwNP samples. The expression levels of Vγ1 gene, ECP and MMP-7 were significantly increased in eosinophilic CRSwNP compared to non-eosinophilic CRSwNP. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the associations between Vγ1⁺ γδT cells, ECP and MMP-7 in CRSwNP, indicating that Vγ1⁺ γδT cells can induce the eosinophilic inflammation, which has a further effect on the formation of edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Ying Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Ting Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Cong Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Yuan Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi Zhen Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Hong Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ge Hua Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Bank I, Marcu-Malina V. Quantitative peripheral blood perturbations of γδ T cells in human disease and their clinical implications. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2015; 47:311-33. [PMID: 24126758 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-013-8391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Human γδ T cells, which play innate and adaptive, protective as well as destructive, roles in the immune response, were discovered in 1986, but the clinical significance of alterations of the levels of these cells in the peripheral blood in human diseases has not been comprehensively reviewed. Here, we review patterns of easily measurable changes of this subset of T cells in peripheral blood from relevant publications in PubMed and their correlations with specific disease categories, specific diagnoses within disease categories, and prognostic outcomes. These collective data suggest that enumeration of γδ T cells and their subsets in the peripheral blood of patients could be a useful tool to evaluate diagnosis and prognosis in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Bank
- Department of Medicine F, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, 52621, Israel,
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18
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Wu YL, Ding YP, Tanaka Y, Shen LW, Wei CH, Minato N, Zhang W. γδ T cells and their potential for immunotherapy. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:119-35. [PMID: 24520210 PMCID: PMC3920167 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 (also termed Vγ2Vδ2) T cells, a major human peripheral blood γδ T cell subset, recognize microbial (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate and endogenous isopentenyl diphosphate in a TCR-dependent manner. The recognition does not require specific accessory cells, antigen uptake, antigen processing, or MHC class I, class II, or class Ib expression. This subset of T cells plays important roles in mediating innate immunity against a wide variety of infections and displays potent and broad cytotoxic activity against human tumor cells. Because γδT cells express both natural killer receptors such as NKG2D and γδ T cell receptors, they are considered to represent a link between innate and adaptive immunity. In addition, activated γδ T cells express a high level of antigen-presenting cell-related molecules and can present peptide antigens derived from destructed cells to αβ T cells. Utilizing these antimicrobial and anti-tumor properties of γδ T cells, preclinical and clinical trials have been conducted to develop novel immunotherapies for infections and malignancies. Here, we review the immunological properties of γδ T cells including the underlying recognition mechanism of nonpeptitde antigens and summarize the results of γδ T cell-based therapies so far performed. Based on the results of the reported trials, γδ T cells appear to be a promising tool for novel immunotherapies against certain types of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Wu
- 1. Lab of Molecular Immunology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 630 Xincheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Yan-Ping Ding
- 1. Lab of Molecular Immunology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 630 Xincheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
- 2. Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- 3. Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Li-Wen Shen
- 2. Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Chuan-He Wei
- 2. Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Nagahiro Minato
- 4. Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Wen Zhang
- 2. Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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Mann ER, McCarthy NE, Peake STC, Milestone AN, Al-Hassi HO, Bernardo D, Tee CT, Landy J, Pitcher MC, Cochrane SA, Hart AL, Stagg AJ, Knight SC. Skin- and gut-homing molecules on human circulating γδ T cells and their dysregulation in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 170:122-30. [PMID: 23039882 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in phenotype and function of γδ T cells have been reported in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Dysregulation of lymphocyte migration plays a key role in IBD pathogenesis; however, data on migratory properties of γδ T cells are scarce. Human circulating γδ T cells from healthy controls (n = 27), patients with active CD (n = 15), active UC (n = 14) or cutaneous manifestations of IBD (n = 2) were characterized by flow cytometry. Circulating γδ T cells in healthy controls were CD3(hi) and expressed CD45RO. They expressed gut-homing molecule β7 but not gut-homing molecule corresponding chemokine receptors (CCR)9, or skin-homing molecules cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA) and CCR4, despite conventional T cells containing populations expressing these molecules. CCR9 expression was increased on γδ T cells in CD and UC, while skin-homing CLA was expressed aberrantly on γδ T cells in patients with cutaneous manifestations of IBD. Lower levels of CD3 expression were found on γδ T cells in CD but not in UC, and a lower proportion of γδ T cells expressed CD45RO in CD and UC. Enhanced expression of gut-homing molecules on circulating γδ T cells in IBD and skin-homing molecules in cutaneous manifestations of IBD may be of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Mann
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St Mark’s Campus, Level 7W, St Mark’s Hospital,Watford Road, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK
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Effects of 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) and rosiglitazone on human gammadelta2 T cells. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7726. [PMID: 19888466 PMCID: PMC2766831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiazolidinediones (TZD) class of drugs, and 15-deoxy-D12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) are immune regulators predicted to modulate human autoimmune disease. Their effects on gammadelta T cells, which are involved in animal model and human and animal autoimmune diseases, are unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We characterized the activity of rosiglitazone (from the TZD class of drugs) and 15d-PGJ2 in human Vdelta2 T cells. We found that 15d-PGJ2 and rosiglitazone had different effects on Vdelta2 T cell functions. Both 15d-PGJ2 and rosiglitazone suppressed Vdelta2 T cell proliferation in response to IPP and IL2. However, only 15d-PGJ2 suppressed functional responses including cytokine production, degranulation and cytotoxicity against tumor cells. The mechanism for 15d-PGJ2 effects on Vdelta2 T cells acts through inhibiting Erk activation. In contrast, rosiglitazone did not affect Erk activation but the IL2 signaling pathway, which accounts for rosiglitazone suppression of IL2-dependent, Vdelta2 T cell proliferation without affecting TCR-dependent functions. Rosiglitazone and 15d-PGJ2 are designed to be peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands and PPARgamma was expressed in Vdelta2 T cell. Surprisingly, when PPARgamma levels were lowered by specific siRNA, 15d-PGJ2 and rosiglitazone were still active, suggesting their target of action induces cellular proteins other than PPARgamma. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The current findings expand our understanding of how the immune system is regulated by rosiglitazone and 15d-PGJ2 and will be important to evaluate these compounds as therapeutic agents in human autoimmune disease.
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Holderness J, Jackiw L, Kimmel E, Kerns H, Radke M, Hedges JF, Petrie C, McCurley P, Glee PM, Palecanda A, Jutila MA. Select plant tannins induce IL-2Ralpha up-regulation and augment cell division in gammadelta T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:6468-78. [PMID: 17982035 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.10.6468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gammadelta T cells are innate immune cells that participate in host responses against many pathogens and cancers. Recently, phosphoantigen-based drugs, capable of expanding gammadelta T cells in vivo, entered clinical trials with the goal of enhancing innate immune system functions. Potential shortcomings of these drugs include the induction of nonresponsiveness upon repeated use and the expansion of only the Vdelta2 subset of human gammadelta T cells. Vdelta1 T cells, the major tissue subset, are unaffected by phosphoantigen agonists. Using FACS-based assays, we screened primary bovine cells for novel gammadelta T cell agonists with activities not encompassed by the current treatments in an effort to realize the full therapeutic potential of gammadelta T cells. We identified gammadelta T cell agonists derived from the condensed tannin fractions of Uncaria tomentosa (Cat's Claw) and Malus domestica (apple). Based on superior potency, the apple extract was selected for detailed analyses on human cells. The apple extract was a potent agonist for both human Vdelta1 and Vdelta2 T cells and NK cells. Additionally, the extract greatly enhanced phosphoantigen-induced gammadelta T cell expansion. Our analyses suggest that a tannin-based drug may complement the phosphoantigen-based drugs, thereby enhancing the therapeutic potential of gammadelta T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Holderness
- Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA
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Korematsu S, Tanaka Y, Nagakura T, Minato N, Izumi T. Human gammadelta T cells modulate the mite allergen-specific T-helper type 2-skewed immunity. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37:1681-7. [PMID: 17883427 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gammadelta T cells have been described as one of immune regulators in patients with infection, malignancy, and allergy. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the ability of gammadelta T cells as an allergen immunotherapy candidate, the effectiveness of human gammadelta T cells in allergen-specific T-helper type 2 (Th2)-type T cells was evaluated in vitro. METHODS House dust mite-specific Th2-type T cell clones, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-specific Th1-type T cell clones, and gammadelta T cell lines were established from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of two patients with allergic rhinitis. The effectiveness of gammadelta T cells and BCG-specific Th1-type T cell clones in the modulation of allergen-specific Th2 cells in terms of their cytokine productions was evaluated. RESULTS In response to cognate antigens, the gammadelta T cell lines demonstrated a proliferation and production of IFN-gamma that exceeded that of BCG-specific Th1-type T cell clones (mean stimulation index: 14.5 vs. 2.8, mean IFN-gamma: 130.5 vs. 10.0 pg/mL). When the gammadelta T cell lines and mite-allergen-specific Th2 clones were co-cultured with each other, only the levels of IL-4 (mean, -87%) decreased, but not the levels of IL-5 and IL-13, with an increasing concentration of gammadelta T cell antigen and IFN-gamma production (mean, +730%). CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that gammadelta T cells derived from allergic patients might thus have a partial ability to modulate allergen-specific Th2-skewed immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/cytology
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/metabolism
- Antigens/immunology
- Antigens/pharmacology
- Antigens, Dermatophagoides/immunology
- Antigens, Dermatophagoides/pharmacology
- Arthropod Proteins
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Clone Cells/cytology
- Clone Cells/immunology
- Clone Cells/metabolism
- Coculture Techniques
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-13/metabolism
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Interleukin-5/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Male
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/blood
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/cytology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
- Tuberculin/immunology
- Tuberculin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- S Korematsu
- Department of Brain and Nerve Science, Division of Pediatrics and Child Neurology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2006. [DOI: 10.1097/01.all.0000244802.79475.bd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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