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Gerace E, Resta F, Curti L, Di Domizio A, Ranieri G, Becatti M, Renzi D, Calabrò A, Mannaioni G. Differential pattern of neurotoxicity induced by the gliadin peptides p31-43 and p57-68 in in vitro model of epilepsy. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116409. [PMID: 38969300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a central nervous system (CNS) disorder causing repeated seizures due to a transient excessive or synchronous alteration in the electrical activity of the brain. Several neurological disorders have been associated to gluten-related diseases (GRD), including epilepsy. However, the molecular mechanisms that associate GRD and epileptogenesis are still unknown. Our previous data have shown that the gliadin peptide 31-43 (p31-43) enhanced number and duration of seizures induced by kainate in mice and exacerbated CA3-kainate-induced neurotoxicity in organotypic hippocampal slices. Here, we investigated whether another important gliadin peptide p57-68 may exerts effects similar to p31-43 on kainate-induced neurotoxicity. We find that both peptides exacerbate kainate-induced damage in the CA3 region once simultaneously challenged. However, after pre-incubation, p31-43 additionally exacerbates neurotoxicity in the CA1 region, while p57-68 does not. These data suggested differential intracellular mechanisms activated by the peptides. Indeed, analysing intracellular signalling pathways we discover that p31-43 induces significant intracellular changes, including increased phosphorylation of Akt, Erk1/2, and p65, decreased p38 phosphorylation, and deacetylation of nuclear histone-3. Based on these observations, we demonstrate that p31-43 likely activates specific intracellular signaling pathways involved in neuronal excitability, inflammation, and epigenetic regulation, which may contribute to its exacerbation of kainate-induced neurotoxicity. In contrast, p57-68 appears to exert its effects through different mechanisms. Further research is necessary to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which these peptides influence neurotoxicity and understand their implications for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gerace
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Italy; Department of Health Sciences (DSS), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Francesco Resta
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Curti
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Ranieri
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Becatti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Daniela Renzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Antonino Calabrò
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Guido Mannaioni
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Italy
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Ruera CN, Perez F, Iribarren ML, Guzman L, Menendez L, Garbi L, Chirdo FG. Coexistence of apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis pathways in celiac disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 214:328-340. [PMID: 37455655 PMCID: PMC10719221 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Usually, the massive elimination of cells under steady-state conditions occurs by apoptosis, which is also acknowledged to explain the loss of enterocytes in the small intestine of celiac disease (CD) patients. However, little is known about the role of proinflammatory cell death pathways in CD. Here, we have used confocal microscopy, western blot, and RT-qPCR analysis to assess the presence of regulated cell death pathways in the duodenum of CD patients. We found an increased number of dead (TUNEL+) cells in the lamina propria of small intestine of CD patients, most of them are plasma cells (CD138+). Many dying cells expressed FAS and were in close contact with CD3+ T cells. Caspase-8 and caspase-3 expression was increased in CD, confirming the activation of apoptosis. In parallel, caspase-1, IL-1β, and GSDMD were increased in CD samples indicating the presence of inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis. Necroptosis was also present, as shown by the increase of RIPK3 and phosphorylate MLKL. Analysis of published databases confirmed that CD has an increased expression of regulated cell death -related genes. Together, these results reveal that CD is characterized by cell death of different kinds. In particular, the presence of proinflammatory cell death pathways may contribute to mucosal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina N Ruera
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), (UNLP-CONICET-CIC) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Federico Perez
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), (UNLP-CONICET-CIC) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Luz Iribarren
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), (UNLP-CONICET-CIC) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Luciana Guzman
- Servicio de Gastroenterología Hospital de Niños “Sor María Ludovica”, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Lorena Menendez
- Servicio de Gastroenterología Hospital de Niños “Sor María Ludovica”, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Laura Garbi
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, HospitalSan Martin, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fernando G Chirdo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), (UNLP-CONICET-CIC) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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3
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Arbildi P, Calvo F, Macías V, Rodríguez-Camejo C, Sóñora C, Hernández A. Study of tissue transglutaminase spliced variants expressed in THP-1 derived macrophages exhibiting distinct functional phenotypes. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152752. [PMID: 37813017 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) expressed in monocytes and macrophage is known to participate in processes during either early and resolution stages of inflammation. The alternative splicing of tissue transglutaminase gene is a mechanism that increases its functional diversity. Four spliced variants are known with truncated C-terminal domains (TGM2_v2, TGM2_v3, TGM2_v4a, TGM2_v4b) but scarce information is available about its expression in human monocyte and macrophages. We studied the expression of canonical TG2 (TGM2_v1) and its short spliced variants by RT-PCR during differentiation of TPH-1 derived macrophages (dTHP-1) using two protocols (condition I and II) that differ in Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate dose and time schedule. The production of TNF-α and IL-1β in supernatant of dTHP-1, measured by ELISA in supernatants showed higher proinflammatory milieu in condition I. We found that the expression of all mRNA TG2 spliced variants were up-regulated during macrophage differentiation and after IFN-γ treatment of dTHP-1 cells in both conditions. Nevertheless, the relative fold increase or TGM2_v3 in relation with TGM2_v1 was higher only with the condition I. M1/M2-like THP-1 macrophages obtained with IFN-γ/IL-4 treatments showed that the up-regulation of TGM2_v1 induced by IL-4 was higher in relation with any short spliced variants. The qualitative profile of relative contribution of spliced variants in M1/M2-like THP-1 cells showed a trend to higher expression of TGM2_v3 in the inflammatory functional phenotype. Our results contribute to the knowledge about TG2 spliced variants in the biology of monocyte/macrophage cells and show how the differentiation conditions can alter their expression and cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Arbildi
- Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Area Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene "Prof. Arnoldo Berta", Universidad de la República, Alfredo Navarro 3051, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay.
| | - Federico Calvo
- Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Area Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene "Prof. Arnoldo Berta", Universidad de la República, Alfredo Navarro 3051, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Victoria Macías
- Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Area Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene "Prof. Arnoldo Berta", Universidad de la República, Alfredo Navarro 3051, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Claudio Rodríguez-Camejo
- Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Area Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene "Prof. Arnoldo Berta", Universidad de la República, Alfredo Navarro 3051, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay.
| | - Cecilia Sóñora
- Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Area Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene "Prof. Arnoldo Berta", Universidad de la República, Alfredo Navarro 3051, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; Escuela Universitaria de Tecnología Médica (EUTM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Alfredo Navarro S/N, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay.
| | - Ana Hernández
- Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Area Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene "Prof. Arnoldo Berta", Universidad de la República, Alfredo Navarro 3051, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay.
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Marín Viegas VS, Ocampo CG, Restucci FE, Vignolles F, Mazzini FN, Candreva ÁM, Petruccelli S. Synthesis of single-chain antibody fragment fused to the elastin-like polypeptide in Nicotiana benthamiana and its application in affinity precipitation of difficult to produce proteins. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2505-2517. [PMID: 35689353 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Plants are economical and sustainable factories for the production of recombinant proteins. Currently, numerous proteins produced using different plant-based systems with applications as cosmetic and tissue culture ingredients, research and diagnostic reagents, and industrial enzymes are marketed worldwide. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the usefulness of a plant-based system to synthesize a single-chain antibody (scFv)-elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) fusion to be applied as an affinity precipitation reagent of the difficult to produce recombinant proteins. We used the human tissue transglutaminase (TG2), the main celiac disease autoantigen, as a proof of concept. We cloned a TG2-specific scFv and fused it to a short hydrophobic ELP tag. The anti-TG2-scFv-ELP was produced in Nicotiana benthamiana and was efficiently recovered by an inverse transition cycling procedure improved by coaggregation with bacteria-made free ELP. Finally, the scFv-ELP was used to purify both plant-synthesized human TG2 and also Caco-2-TG2. In conclusion, this study showed for the first time the usefulness of a plant-based expression system to produce an antibody-ELP fusion designed for the purification of low-yield proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa S Marín Viegas
- CIDCA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carolina G Ocampo
- CIDCA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fernando E Restucci
- CIDCA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Florencia Vignolles
- CIDCA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Flavia N Mazzini
- CIDCA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ángela M Candreva
- CIDCA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Silvana Petruccelli
- CIDCA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
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5
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Functional implications of the CpG island methylation in the pathogenesis of celiac disease. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10051-10064. [PMID: 35633417 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07585-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of gene-environment cross talk through epigenetic modifications led to better understanding of the number of complex diseases. Clinical heterogeneity and differential treatment response often contributed by the epigenetic signatures which could be personal. DNA methylation at CpG islands presents a critical nuclear process as a result of gene-environment interactions. These CpG islands are frequently present near the promoter sequence of genes and get differentially methylated under specific environmental conditions. Technical advancements facilitate in high throughput screening of differentially methylated CpG islands. Recent epigenetic studies unraveled several CD susceptibility genes expressed in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), duodenal mucosa, lamina and epithelial cells that are influenced by differentially methylated CpG islands. Here we highlighted these susceptibility genes; classify these genes based on cellular functions and tissue of expression. We further discussed how these genes interacts with each other to influence critical pathways like NF-κB signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling cascade, RIG-I like receptor signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor pathways among several others. This review also shed light on how gut microbiota may lead to the differential methylation of CpG islands of CD susceptibility genes. Large scale epigenetic studies followed by estimation of heritability of these CpG methylation and polygenic risk score estimation of these genes would prioritize potentially druggable targets for better therapeutics. In vivo studies are warranted to unravel further cellular responses to CpG methylation.
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6
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Transglutaminase 2 moderates the expansion of mouse abdominal aortic aneurysms. JVS Vasc Sci 2021; 2:95-109. [PMID: 34617062 PMCID: PMC8489235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Previously published work has indicated that transcripts encoding transglutaminase 2 (TG2) increase markedly in a rat model of abdominal aortic aneurysm. This study determines whether TG2 and the related TG, factor XIII-A (FXIII-A), protect against aortic aneurysm development in mice. Methods C57BL/6J wild-type, Tgm2 -/- knockout, F13a1 -/- knockout, and Tgm2 -/- /F13a1 -/- double knockout mice were subjected to laparotomy and periaortic application of CaCl2. Results Tgm2 -/- mice showed slightly greater aortic dilatation at 6 weeks after treatment when compared with wild type. However, vessels from Tgm2 -/- mice, but not wild-type mice, continued to dilate up to 6 months after injury and by 24 weeks, a greater number of Tgm2 -/- mice had developed aneurysms (16/17 vs 10/19; P = .008). Laparotomy resulted in a high death rate in F13a1 -/- knockout mice, more frequently from cardiac complications than from hemorrhage, but among F13a1 -/- mice that survived for 6 weeks after CaCl2 treatment, abdominal aortic aneurysm diameter was unaltered relative to wild-type mice. Laparotomy resulted in a higher death rate among Tgm2 -/- /F13a1 -/- double knockout mice, owing to an increased frequency of delayed bleeding. Surprisingly, Tgm2 -/- /F13a1 -/- double knockout mice showed a trend toward decreased dilatation of the aorta 6 weeks after injury, and this finding was replicated in Tgm2 -/- /F13a1 -/- mice subjected to carotid artery injury. Levels of transcripts encoding TG2 were not increased in the aortas of injured wild-type or F13a1 -/- knockout mice relative to uninjured mice, although changes in the levels of other transcripts accorded with previous descriptions of the CaCl2 aneurysm model in mice. Conclusions Knockout of Tgm2, but not F13a1 exacerbates aortic dilatation, suggesting that TG2 confers protection. However, levels of TG2 messenger RNA are not acutely elevated after injury. FXIII-A plays a role in preventing postoperative damage after laparotomy, confirming previous reports that it prevents distal organ damage after trauma. TG2 promotes wound healing after surgery and, in its absence, the bleeding diathesis associated with FXIII-A deficiency is further exposed.
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Jean-Marie E, Bereau D, Robinson JC. Benefits of Polyphenols and Methylxanthines from Cocoa Beans on Dietary Metabolic Disorders. Foods 2021; 10:2049. [PMID: 34574159 PMCID: PMC8470844 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Theobroma cacao L. is an ancestral cultivated plant which has been consumed by various populations throughout history. Cocoa beans are the basic material occurring in the most consumed product in the world, namely chocolate. Their composition includes polyphenols, methylxanthines, lipids and other compounds that may vary qualitatively and quantitatively according to criteria such as variety or culture area. Polyphenols and methylxanthines are known as being responsible for many health benefits, particularly by preventing cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies emphasized their positive role in dietary metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and weight gain. After a brief presentation of cocoa bean, this review provides an overview of recent research activities highlighting promising strategies which modulated and prevented gastro-intestinal metabolism dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jean-Charles Robinson
- Laboratoire COVAPAM, UMR Qualisud, Université de Guyane, 97300 Cayenne, France; (E.J.-M.); (D.B.)
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Occhigrossi L, D’Eletto M, Barlev N, Rossin F. The Multifaceted Role of HSF1 in Pathophysiology: Focus on Its Interplay with TG2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126366. [PMID: 34198675 PMCID: PMC8232231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular environment needs to be strongly regulated and the maintenance of protein homeostasis is crucial for cell function and survival. HSF1 is the main regulator of the heat shock response (HSR), the master pathway required to maintain proteostasis, as involved in the expression of the heat shock proteins (HSPs). HSF1 plays numerous physiological functions; however, the main role concerns the modulation of HSPs synthesis in response to stress. Alterations in HSF1 function impact protein homeostasis and are strongly linked to diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic diseases, and different types of cancers. In this context, type 2 Transglutaminase (TG2), a ubiquitous enzyme activated during stress condition has been shown to promote HSF1 activation. HSF1-TG2 axis regulates the HSR and its function is evolutionary conserved and implicated in pathological conditions. In this review, we discuss the role of HSF1 in the maintenance of proteostasis with regard to the HSF1-TG2 axis and we dissect the stress response pathways implicated in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Occhigrossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.O.); (M.D.)
| | - Manuela D’Eletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.O.); (M.D.)
| | - Nickolai Barlev
- Institute of Cytology, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Federica Rossin
- Institute of Cytology, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
- Correspondence:
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Adamo A, Frusteri C, Pallotta MT, Pirali T, Sartoris S, Ugel S. Moonlighting Proteins Are Important Players in Cancer Immunology. Front Immunol 2021; 11:613069. [PMID: 33584695 PMCID: PMC7873856 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.613069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticity and adaptation to environmental stress are the main features that tumor and immune system share. Except for intrinsic and high-defined properties, cancer and immune cells need to overcome the opponent's defenses by activating more effective signaling networks, based on common elements such as transcriptional factors, protein-based complexes and receptors. Interestingly, growing evidence point to an increasing number of proteins capable of performing diverse and unpredictable functions. These multifunctional proteins are defined as moonlighting proteins. During cancer progression, several moonlighting proteins are involved in promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment by reprogramming immune cells to support tumor growth and metastatic spread. Conversely, other moonlighting proteins support tumor antigen presentation and lymphocytes activation, leading to several anti-cancer immunological responses. In this light, moonlighting proteins could be used as promising new potential targets for improving current cancer therapies. In this review, we describe in details 12 unprecedented moonlighting proteins that during cancer progression play a decisive role in guiding cancer-associated immunomodulation by shaping innate or adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Adamo
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Frusteri
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Tracey Pirali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Sartoris
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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10
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Chirdo FG, Auricchio S, Troncone R, Barone MV. The gliadin p31-43 peptide: Inducer of multiple proinflammatory effects. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 358:165-205. [PMID: 33707054 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coeliac disease (CD) is the prototype of an inflammatory chronic disease induced by food. In this context, gliadin p31-43 peptide comes into the spotlight as an important player of the inflammatory/innate immune response to gliadin in CD. The p31-43 peptide is part of the p31-55 peptide from α-gliadins that remains undigested for a long time, and can be present in the small intestine after ingestion of a gluten-containing diet. Different biophysical methods and molecular dynamic simulations have shown that p31-43 spontaneously forms oligomeric nanostructures, whereas experimental approaches using in vitro assays, mouse models, and human duodenal tissues have shown that p31-43 is able to induce different forms of cellular stress by driving multiple inflammatory pathways. Increased proliferative activity of the epithelial cells in the crypts, enterocyte stress, activation of TG2, induction of Ca2+, IL-15, and NFκB signaling, inhibition of CFTR, alteration of vesicular trafficking, and activation of the inflammasome platform are some of the biological effects of p31-43, which, in the presence of appropriate genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, may act together to drive CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gabriel Chirdo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos-IIFP (UNLP-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Salvatore Auricchio
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University Federico II, Naples, Italy; Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Barone
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University Federico II, Naples, Italy; Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Associations between migraine, celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity and activity of diamine oxidase. Med Hypotheses 2020; 142:109738. [PMID: 32416409 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PILOT STUDY Recent reports reveal a close relationship between migraine and gastrointestinal disorders (GI), such as celiac disease (CD) and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). CD is a genetic autoimmune disorder, which affects the mucosa of the small intestine. Gluten, found in various grains, not only plays a major role in the pathophysiology of CD and NCGS, but also aggravates migraine attacks. Another common food component, which can induce migraine headaches, is histamine. Diamine oxidase (DAO) is an enzyme, which degrades histamine. Reduced activity of DAO means reduced histamine degradation, which can cause histamine build-up and lead to various symptoms, including headaches and migraine. In this paper we propose a hypothesis, that in pathogenesis of migraine, low serum DAO activity is related to CD and NCGS. We also conducted our own pilot study of 44 patients with severe migraine in efforts to evaluate the co-presence of decreased serum DAO activity and celiac disease/NCGS in patients. 44 consecutive migraine patients were divided into 2 groups: decreased DAO activity (group 1; n = 26) and normal DAO activity (group 2; n = 18). All patients were screened for celiac disease. The diagnosis of NCGS was made after exclusion of CD, food allergies and other GI disorders in the presence of gluten sensitivity symptoms. Furthermore, dietary recommendations were given to all participants and their effects were assessed 3 months after the initial evaluation via the MIDAS (Migraine Disability Assessment) questionnaire. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Only 1 patient fit the criteria for celiac disease, rendering this result inconclusive. Pathological findings of the remainder of patients were attributed to NCGS (n = 10). 9 of 10 patients with NCGS belonged to the decreased serum DAO activity group (group 1; n = 26), suggesting a strong relationship between reduced serum DAO activity and NCGS. MIDAS questionnaire revealed, that patients with decreased serum DAO activity were more severely impacted by migraine than those with normal DAO activity, and this remained so after our interventions. Dietary adjustments significantly reduced the impact of migraine on patients' daily activities after 3 months in both groups. We argue, that migraine, celiac disease and NCGS may benefit from treatment with a multidisciplinary approach, involving neurologists, gastroenterologists and dietitians.
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Elucidating the mechanism of action of alpha-1-antitrypsin using retinal pigment epithelium cells exposed to high glucose. Potential use in diabetic retinopathy. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228895. [PMID: 32032388 PMCID: PMC7006930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-1-antitrypsin is a protein involved in avoidance of different processes that are seen in diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis. These processes include apoptosis, extracellular matrix remodeling and damage of vessel walls and capillaries. Furthermore, because of its anti-inflammatory effects, alpha-1-antitrypsin has been proposed as a possible therapeutic approach for diabetic retinopathy. Our group tested alpha-1-antitrypsin in a type 1 diabetes mouse model and observed a reduction of inflammation and retinal neurodegeneration. Thus, shedding light on the mechanism of action of alpha-1-antitrypsin at molecular level may explain how it works in the diabetic retinopathy context and show its potential for use in other retinal diseases. METHODS In this work, we evaluated alpha-1-antitrypsin in an ARPE-19 human cell line exposed to high glucose. We explored the expression of different mediators on signaling pathways related to pro-inflammatory cytokines production, glucose metabolism, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and other proteins involved in the normal function of retinal pigment epithelium by RT-qPCR and Western Blot. RESULTS We obtained different expression patterns for evaluated mediators altered with high glucose exposure and corrected with the use of alpha-1-antitrypsin. CONCLUSIONS The expression profile obtained in vitro for the evaluated proteins and mRNA allowed us to explain our previous results obtained on mouse models and to hypothesize how alpha-1-antitrypsin hinder diabetic retinopathy progression on a complex network between different signaling pathways. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This network helps to understand the way alpha-1-antitrypsin works in diabetic retinopathy and its scope of action.
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Maurano F, Ogita T, Luongo D, Rotondi Aufiero V, Bergamo P, Mazzarella G, Tanabe S, Rossi M. Innate immunity is a late event in the onset of gliadin-specific enteropathy in the HLA-DQ8 mice. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151903. [PMID: 31928782 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a food enteropathy that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals following the ingestion of gluten. Both gluten cytotoxicity and immunity activation play a role in CD pathogenesis; however, the chronological assessment of the different pathogenic mechanisms remains elusive. The models developed so far have only partially addressed this issue. Herein, Ab°DQ8 transgenic mice were administered wheat gliadin and indomethacin for 10 days to induce enteropathy. Gliadin-induced alteration of the small intestinal architecture was associated with increased expression of tissue transglutaminase in the lamina propria and a marked hypoxic environment. Enteropathic mice showed activation of innate immunity, featuring an increase of pro-inflammatory IFN-γ and IL-15 mRNAs, as well as CD11c+CD103+, CD11b+CD11c+, and CD11b+CD103+ dendritic cell subsets. However, the temporal assessment of examined parameters indicated that the induction of innate immunity during the generation of the mucosal lesion, occurred belatedly, highlighting a major role of gliadin intrinsic cytotoxicity in the pathogenic mechanism of this model. These results have important implications for the use of this model to test the impact of biotechnological interventions to reduce the cytotoxicity of gliadin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Maurano
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Tasuku Ogita
- Department of Biomolecular Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Diomira Luongo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Bergamo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Soichi Tanabe
- Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mauro Rossi
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy.
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Kramer K, Yeboah-Awudzi M, Magazine N, King JM, Xu Z, Losso JN. Procyanidin B2 rich cocoa extracts inhibit inflammation in Caco-2 cell model of in vitro celiac disease by down-regulating interferon-gamma- or gliadin peptide 31-43-induced transglutaminase-2 and interleukin-15. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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15
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Differential Expression of Tissue Transglutaminase Splice Variants in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:medsci6040108. [PMID: 30486475 PMCID: PMC6313466 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6040108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflammation and immune cell infiltration in the brain parenchyma. Tissue transglutaminase (TG2), a calcium-dependent cross-linking enzyme, has been shown to be present in infiltrating MHC-II positive cells in lesions of patients suffering from MS. Moreover, TG2 mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)-derived from primary progressive (PP)-MS patients correlated with clinical parameters, thus highlighting the importance of TG2 in MS pathology. In the present study, we further characterized TG2 expression by measuring the mRNA levels of full-length TG2 and four TG2 alternative splice variants in PBMCs derived from PP-MS patients and healthy control (HC) subjects. In PP-MS-derived PBMCs, TG2 variant V4b was significantly higher expressed, and both V4a and V4b variants were relatively more expressed in relation to full-length TG2. These observations open new avenues to unravel the importance of TG2 alternative splicing in the pathophysiology of PP-MS.
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16
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Kim E, Kim D, Yoo S, Hong YH, Han SY, Jeong S, Jeong D, Kim JH, Cho JY, Park J. The skin protective effects of compound K, a metabolite of ginsenoside Rb1 from Panax ginseng. J Ginseng Res 2018; 42:218-224. [PMID: 29719469 PMCID: PMC5925615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compound K (CK) is a ginsenoside, a metabolite of Panax ginseng. There is interest both in increasing skin health and antiaging using natural skin care products. In this study, we explored the possibility of using CK as a cosmetic ingredient. METHODS To assess the antiaging effect of CK, RT-PCR was performed, and expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1, cyclooxygenase-2, and type I collagen were measured under UVB irradiation conditions. The skin hydrating effect of CK was tested by RT-PCR, and its regulation was explored through immunoblotting. Melanin content, melanin secretion, and tyrosinase activity assays were performed. RESULTS CK treatment reduced the production of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in UVB irradiated NIH3T3 cells and recovered type I collagen expression level. Expression of skin hydrating factors-filaggrin, transglutaminase, and hyaluronic acid synthases-1 and -2-were augmented by CK and were modulated through the inhibitor of κBα, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, or extracellular signal-regulated kinases pathway. In the melanogenic response, CK did not regulate tyrosinase activity and melanin secretion, but increased melanin content in B16F10 cells was observed. CONCLUSION Our data showed that CK has antiaging and hydrating effects. We suggest that CK could be used in cosmetic products to protect the skin from UVB rays and increase skin moisture level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Material Lab, Basic Research & Innovation Division, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Republic of Korea
| | - Sulgi Yoo
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo Han Hong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Han
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonggu Jeong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Jeong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Park
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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17
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Sestito C, Brevé JJP, van Eggermond MCJA, Killestein J, Teunissen CE, van Rossum J, Wilhelmus MMM, Drukarch B, van den Elsen PJ, van Dam AM. Monocyte-derived tissue transglutaminase in multiple sclerosis patients: reflecting an anti-inflammatory status and function of the cells? J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:257. [PMID: 29268771 PMCID: PMC5740592 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-1035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocyte infiltration into the central nervous system is an important feature of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology. Among the infiltrating cells, monocytes comprise the largest population and are considered to play a dual role in the course of the disease. The enzyme tissue transglutaminase (TG2), produced by monocytes, plays a central role in monocyte adhesion/migration in animal models of MS. In the present study, we questioned whether TG2 expression is altered in monocytes from MS patients compared to healthy control (HC) subjects. Moreover, we determined the inflammatory status of these TG2-expressing monocytes, what inflammatory factor regulates TG2 expression, and whether TG2 can functionally contribute to their adhesion/migration processes. METHODS Primary human monocytes from MS patients and HC subjects were collected, RNA isolated and subjected to qPCR analysis. Human THP-1 monocytes were lentivirally transduced with TG2 siRNA or control and treated with various cytokines. Subsequently, mRNA levels of inflammatory factors, adhesion properties, and activity of RhoA were analyzed in interleukin (IL)-4-treated monocytes. RESULTS TG2 mRNA levels are significantly increased in monocytes derived from MS patients compared to HC subjects. In addition, correlation analyses indicated that TG2-expressing cells display a more anti-inflammatory, migratory profile in MS patients. Using THP-1 monocytes, we observed that IL-4 is a major trigger of TG2 expression in these cells. Furthermore, knockdown of TG2 expression leads to a pro-inflammatory profile and reduced adhesion/migration properties of IL-4-treated monocytes. CONCLUSIONS TG2-expressing monocytes in MS patients have a more anti-inflammatory profile. Furthermore, TG2 mediates IL-4-induced anti-inflammatory status in THP-1 monocytes, adhesion, and cytoskeletal rearrangement in vitro. We thus propose that IL-4 upregulates TG2 expression in monocytes of MS patients, driving them into an anti-inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sestito
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Present Address: Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John J P Brevé
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marja C J A van Eggermond
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joep Killestein
- Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joram van Rossum
- Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Micha M M Wilhelmus
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Drukarch
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J van den Elsen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie van Dam
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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De Re V, Magris R, Cannizzaro R. New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:137. [PMID: 28913337 PMCID: PMC5583152 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune and multisystem gluten-related disorder that causes symptoms involving the gastrointestinal tract and other organs. Pathogenesis of CD is only partially known. It had been established that ingestion of gluten proteins present in wheat and other cereals are necessary for the disease and develops in individuals genetically predisposed carrying the DQ2 or DQ8 human leukocyte antigen haplotypes. In this review, we had pay specific attention on the last discoveries regarding the three cellular components mainly involved in the development and maintenance of CD: T-cells, B-cells, and microbioma. All of them had been showed critical for the interaction between inflammatory immune response and gluten peptides. Although the mechanisms of interaction among overall these components are not yet fully understood, recent proteomics and molecular studies had shed some lights in the pathogenic role of tissue transglutaminase 2 in CD and in the alteration of the intestinal barrier function induced by host microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valli De Re
- Immunopatologia e Biomarcatori Oncologici/Bio-Proteomics Facility, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Magris
- Oncological Gastroenterology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Renato Cannizzaro
- Oncological Gastroenterology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
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19
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Cao Y, Wu BJ, Zheng WP, Yin ML, Liu T, Song HL. Effect of heme oxygenase-1 transduced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on damaged intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:726-738. [PMID: 28206713 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow overexpressing heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) on the damaged human intestinal epithelial barrier in vitro. Rat MSCs were isolated from bone marrow and transduced with rat HO-1 recombinant adenovirus (HO-MSCs) for stable expression of HO-1. Colorectal adenocarinoma 2 (Caco2) cells were treated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to establish a damaged colon epithelial model. Damaged Caco2 were cocultured with MSCs, Ad-MSCs, Ad-HO + MSCs or HO-MSCs. mRNA and protein expression of Zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) and human HO-1 and the release of cytokines were measured. ZO-1 and human HO-1 in Caco2 were significantly decreased after treatment with TNF-α; and this effect was reduced when coculture with MSCs from bone marrow. Expression of ZO-1 was not significantly affected by Caco2 treatment with TNF-α, Ad-HO, and MSCs. In contrast, ZO-1 and human HO-1 increased significantly when the damaged Caco2 was treated with HO-MSCs. HO-MSCs showed the strongest effect on the expression of ZO-1 in colon epithelial cells. Coculture with HO-MSCs showed the most significant effects on reducing the expression of IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ and increasing the expression of IL-10. HO-MSCs protected the intestinal epithelial barrier, in which endogenous HO-1 was involved. HO-MSCs play an important role in the repair process by reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines and increasing the release of anti-inflammatory factors. These results suggested that HO-MSCs from bone marrow were more effective in repairing the damaged intestinal epithelial barrier, and the effectiveness of MSCs was improved by HO-1 gene transduction, which provides favorable support for the application of stem cell therapy in the intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ben-Juan Wu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei-Ping Zheng
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming-Li Yin
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency Care Medicine of Ministry of Health, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Li Song
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
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20
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Luo R, Liu C, Elliott SE, Wang W, Parchim N, Iriyama T, Daugherty PS, Tao L, Eltzschig HK, Blackwell SC, Sibai BM, Kellems RE, Xia Y. Transglutaminase is a Critical Link Between Inflammation and Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.003730. [PMID: 27364991 PMCID: PMC5015405 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of essential hypertension is multifactorial with different underlying mechanisms contributing to disease. We have recently shown that TNF superfamily member 14 LIGHT (an acronym for homologous to lymphotoxins, exhibits inducible expression, and competes with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D for herpes virus entry mediator, a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes, also known as TNFSF14) induces hypertension when injected into mice. Research reported here was undertaken to examine the role of transglutaminase (TGase) in LIGHT‐induced hypertension. Methods and Results Initial experiments showed that plasma and kidney TGase activity was induced by LIGHT infusion (13.91±2.92 versus 6.75±1.92 mU/mL and 19.86±3.55 versus 12.00±0.97 mU/10 μg) and was accompanied with hypertension (169±7.16 versus 117.17±11.57 mm Hg at day 14) and renal impairment (proteinuria, 61.33±23.21 versus 20.38±9.01 μg/mg; osmolality, 879.57±93.02 versus 1407.2±308.04 mmol/kg). The increase in renal TGase activity corresponded to an increase in RNA for the tissue TGase isoform, termed TG2. Pharmacologically, we showed that LIGHT‐induced hypertension and renal impairment did not occur in the presence of cystamine, a well‐known competitive inhibitor of TGase activity. Genetically, we showed that LIGHT‐mediated induction of TGase, along with hypertension and renal impairment, was dependent on interleukin‐6 and endothelial hypoxia inducible factor‐1α. We also demonstrated that interleukin‐6, endothelial hypoxia inducible factor‐1α, and TGase are required for LIGHT‐induced production of angiotensin receptor agonistic autoantibodies. Conclusions Thus, LIGHT‐induced hypertension, renal impairment, and production of angiotensin receptor agonistic autoantibodies require TGase, most likely the TG2 isoform. Our findings establish TGase as a critical link between inflammation, hypertension, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renna Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX Department of Nephrology, The First Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PRC Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX
| | - Serra E Elliott
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX Department of Nephrology, The First Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PRC
| | - Nicholas Parchim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX
| | - Takayuki Iriyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Patrick S Daugherty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA
| | - Lijian Tao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PRC
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado-Medical School, Denver, CO
| | - Sean C Blackwell
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX
| | - Baha M Sibai
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX
| | - Rodney E Kellems
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, TX
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, TX
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Delvecchio M, Faienza MF, Lonero A, Rutigliano V, Francavilla R, Cavallo L. Prolactin may be increased in newly diagnosed celiac children and adolescents and decreases after 6 months of gluten-free diet. Horm Res Paediatr 2015; 81:309-13. [PMID: 24603159 DOI: 10.1159/000357064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Prolactin (PRL) is produced by the anterior pituitary gland. It exerts its role on the breast gland but also plays a modulatory role in autoimmune mechanisms. Celiac disease (CD) is a gluten-sensitive autoimmune enteropathy sometimes associated with autoimmune endocrinopathies. No data on PRL levels in CD patients are available at diagnosis, and no conclusive data are reported. METHODS We aimed to evaluate PRL secretion in newly diagnosed CD pediatric patients and, in the case of hyperprolactinemia, any changes in its levels while the patients were on a gluten-free diet (GFD). We recruited 67 patients and 39 healthy controls. RESULTS PRL was statistically higher in the CD patients (13.5±9.2 ng/ml) than in the controls (8.5±5.0 ng/ml). In the CD group, PRL was inversely correlated with the age at diagnosis (r=-0.326; p=0.007). In patients with hyperprolactinemia at diagnosis, PRL decreased after 6 months of GFD. CONCLUSION This paper confirms that PRL may be increased at diagnosis of CD and shows, for the first time, that it decreases after a short course of GFD. Changes in the levels of inflammatory cytokines in CD may account for changes in PRL levels. Younger patients seem more prone to develop hyperprolactinemia than older ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Delvecchio
- Pediatrics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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22
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Ierardi E, Amoruso A, Giorgio F, Principi M, Losurdo G, Piscitelli D, Buffelli F, Fiore MG, Mongelli A, Castellaneta NM, Giangaspero A, De Francesco V, Montenegro L, Di Leo A. Mucosal molecular pattern of tissue transglutaminase and interferon gamma in suspected seronegative celiac disease at marsh 1 and 0 stages. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:379-85. [PMID: 26655133 PMCID: PMC4707806 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.167189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM In celiac disease (CD), there is increased mRNA coding for tissue transglutaminase (tTG) and interferon gamma (IFNα). In seronegative celiac patients, the mucosal immune complexes anti-tTG IgA/tTG are found. We assayed tTG- and IFNα-mRNA in the mucosa of patients with a clinical suspicion of seronegative CD and correlated the values with intraepithelial CD3 lymphocytes (IELs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Distal duodenum specimens from 67 patients were retrieved and re-evaluated for immunohistochemically proven CD3 IELs. Five 10 μm sections were used for the extraction and assay of tTG and IFNα coding mRNA levels using reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Samples from 15 seropositive CD patients and 15 healthy subjects were used as positive and negative controls. Results were expressed as fold-change. RESULTS Our series was divided into three groups based on IEL count: >25 (14 patients: group A), 15-25 (26 patients: group B), and 0-15 (27 patients: Group C). tTG-mRNA levels were (mean ± SD): CD = 9.8 ± 2.6; group A = 10.04 ± 4.7; group B = 4.99 ± 2.3; group C = 2.26 ± 0.8, controls = 1.04 ± 0.2 (CD = group A > group B > group C = controls). IFNα-mRNA levels were: CD = 13.4 ± 3.6; group A = 7.28 ± 3.6; group B = 4.45 ± 2.9; group C = 2.06 ± 1.21, controls = 1.04 ± 0.4. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that tTG- and IFNγmRNA levels are increased in both seropositive and potential seronegative patients with CD, showing a strong correlation with the CD3 IEL count at stage Marsh 1. An increase in both molecules is found even when IELs are in the range 15-25 (Marsh 0), suggesting the possibility of a "gray zone" inhabited by patients which should be closely followed up in gluten-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Ierardi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Gastroenterology Section, University of Bari, Bari, Italy,Address for correspondence: Prof. Enzo Ierardi, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Gastroenterology Section, University of Bari, Piazza G, Cesare, Bari - 70124, Italy. E-mail:
| | - Annacinzia Amoruso
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Gastroenterology Section, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Floriana Giorgio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Gastroenterology Section, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Mariabeatrice Principi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Gastroenterology Section, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Losurdo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Gastroenterology Section, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria G. Fiore
- Department of Pathology Section, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Mongelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Gastroenterology Section, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola M. Castellaneta
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Gastroenterology Section, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Giangaspero
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Gastroenterology Section, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Francesco
- Department of Gastroenterology Department of Medical Sciences Unit, Ospedali Riuniti, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lucia Montenegro
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Gastroenterology Section, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Alfredo Di Leo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Gastroenterology Section, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Marín Viegas VS, Acevedo GR, Bayardo MP, Chirdo FG, Petruccelli S. Production of the Main Celiac Disease Autoantigen by Transient Expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1067. [PMID: 26648956 PMCID: PMC4664624 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Celiac Disease (CD) is a gluten sensitive enteropathy that remains widely undiagnosed and implementation of massive screening tests is needed to reduce the long term complications associated to untreated CD. The main CD autoantigen, human tissue transglutaminase (TG2), is a challenge for the different expression systems available since its cross-linking activity affects cellular processes. Plant-based transient expression systems can be an alternative for the production of this protein. In this work, a transient expression system for the production of human TG2 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves was optimized and reactivity of plant-produced TG2 in CD screening test was evaluated. First, a subcellular targeting strategy was tested. Cytosolic, secretory, endoplasmic reticulum (C-terminal SEKDEL fusion) and vacuolar (C-terminal KISIA fusion) TG2 versions were transiently expressed in leaves and recombinant protein yields were measured. ER-TG2 and vac-TG2 levels were 9- to 16-fold higher than their cytosolic and secretory counterparts. As second strategy, TG2 variants were co-expressed with a hydrophobic elastin-like polymer (ELP) construct encoding for 36 repeats of the pentapeptide VPGXG in which the guest residue X were V and F in ratio 8:1. Protein bodies (PB) were induced by the ELP, with a consequent two-fold-increase in accumulation of both ER-TG2 and vac-TG2. Subsequently, ER-TG2 and vac-TG2 were produced and purified using immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. Plant purified ER-TG2 and vac-TG2 were recognized by three anti-TG2 monoclonal antibodies that bind different epitopes proving that plant-produced antigen has immunochemical characteristics similar to those of human TG2. Lastly, an ELISA was performed with sera of CD patients and healthy controls. Both vac-TG2 and ER-TG2 were positively recognized by IgA of CD patients while they were not recognized by serum from non-celiac controls. These results confirmed the usefulness of plant-produced TG2 to develop screening assays. In conclusion, the combination of subcellular sorting strategy with co-expression with a PB inducing construct was sufficient to increase TG2 protein yields. This type of approach could be extended to other problematic proteins, highlighting the advantages of plant based production platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa S. Marín Viegas
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo R. Acevedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela P. Bayardo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas – Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La PlataLa Plata, Argentina
| | - Fernando G. Chirdo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas – Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La PlataLa Plata, Argentina
| | - Silvana Petruccelli
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)La Plata, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Silvana Petruccelli,
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Mormile R. Multiple sclerosis and susceptibility to celiac disease: an osteopontin gene haplotypes affair? Immunol Lett 2014; 163:132-3. [PMID: 25476232 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Mormile
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Moscati Hospital, Aversa, Italy.
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25
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Dave KA, Norris EL, Bukreyev AA, Headlam MJ, Buchholz UJ, Singh T, Collins PL, Gorman JJ. A comprehensive proteomic view of responses of A549 type II alveolar epithelial cells to human respiratory syncytial virus infection. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:3250-69. [PMID: 25106423 PMCID: PMC4256481 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.041129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus is a major respiratory pathogen for which there are no suitable antivirals or vaccines. A better understanding of the host cell response to this virus may redress this problem. The present report concerns analysis of multiple independent biological replicates of control and 24 h infected lysates of A549 cells by two different proteomic workflows. One workflow involved fractionation of lysates by in-solution protein IEF and individual fractions were digested using trypsin prior to capillary HPLC-LTQ-OrbitrapXL-MS/MS. A second workflow involved digestion of whole cell lysates and analysis by nanoUltraHPLC-LTQ-OrbitrapElite-MS/MS. Both workflows resulted in the quantification of viral proteins exclusively in lysates of infected cells in the relative abundances anticipated from previous studies. Unprecedented numbers (3247 - 5010) of host cell protein groups were also quantified and the infection-specific regulation of a large number (191) of these protein groups was evident based on a stringent false discovery rate cut-off (<1%). Bioinformatic analyses revealed that most of the regulated proteins were potentially regulated by type I, II, and III interferon, TNF-α and noncanonical NF-κB2 mediated antiviral response pathways. Regulation of specific protein groups by infection was validated by quantitative Western blotting and the cytokine-/key regulator-specific nature of their regulation was confirmed by comparable analyses of cytokine treated A549 cells. Overall, it is evident that the workflows described herein have produced the most comprehensive proteomic characterization of host cell responses to human respiratory syncytial virus published to date. These workflows will form the basis for analysis of the impacts of specific genes of human respiratory syncytial virus responses of A549 and other cell lines using a gene-deleted version of the virus. They should also prove valuable for the analysis of the impact of other infectious agents on host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyur A Dave
- From the ‡Protein Discovery Centre, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, 4029 Australia and
| | - Emma L Norris
- From the ‡Protein Discovery Centre, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, 4029 Australia and
| | - Alexander A Bukreyev
- §Respiratory Virus Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Madeleine J Headlam
- From the ‡Protein Discovery Centre, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, 4029 Australia and
| | - Ursula J Buchholz
- §Respiratory Virus Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Toshna Singh
- From the ‡Protein Discovery Centre, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, 4029 Australia and
| | - Peter L Collins
- §Respiratory Virus Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jeffrey J Gorman
- From the ‡Protein Discovery Centre, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, 4029 Australia and
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Involvement of IL-13 and tissue transglutaminase in liver granuloma and fibrosis after schistosoma japonicum infection. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:753483. [PMID: 25110399 PMCID: PMC4106180 DOI: 10.1155/2014/753483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, one of the most devastating parasitic diseases, is caused by Schistosoma japonicum (Sj) infection resulting in serious liver fibrosis. Interleukin- (IL-) 13, which is produced by TH2 cells, is a critical profibrotic cytokine found in various organs, including the liver. Tissue transglutaminase (tTG), a group of multifunctional enzymes, serves a central function in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases. However, the relationship between IL-13, tTG, and liver fibrosis during Schistosoma infection has not been established. This study investigated the involvement of IL-13 and tTG in liver fibrogenesis during Sj infection in mice. Five weeks after Sj infection, granuloma and fibrosis development in the liver coincided with an increase in IL-13 and tTG in the liver and the upregulation of serum IL-13 in infected mice. Administration of cystamine, an inhibitor of tTG, abrogated the increase in both tTG and IL-13 in infected mice and ameliorated liver fibrogenesis and granuloma development. This result establishes a novel link among IL-13, tTG, and liver granuloma and fibrosis under Sj infection. Based on their important functions in liver fibrosis induced by Sj infection, IL-13 and tTG could be promising potential drug targets against schistosomiasis.
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Araya RE, Jury J, Bondar C, Verdu EF, Chirdo FG. Intraluminal administration of poly I:C causes an enteropathy that is exacerbated by administration of oral dietary antigen. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99236. [PMID: 24915573 PMCID: PMC4051664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic administration of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), mimics virally-induced activation of TLR3 signalling causing acute small intestine damage, but whether and how mucosal administration of poly I:C causes enteropathy is less clear. Our aim was to investigate the inflammatory pathways elicited after intraluminal administration of poly I:C and determine acute and delayed consequences of this locally induced immune activation. Intraluminal poly I:C induced rapid mucosal immune activation in C57BL/6 mice involving IFNβ and the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis, that may drive inflammation towards a Th1 profile. Intraluminal poly I:C also caused enteropathy and gut dysfunction in gliadin-sensitive NOD-DQ8 mice, and this was prolonged by concomitant oral administration of gliadin. Our results indicate that small intestine pathology can be induced in mice by intraluminal administration of poly I:C and that this is exacerbated by subsequent oral delivery of a relevant dietary antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina E Araya
- Laboratorio de Investigación en el Sistema Inmune- LISIN, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jennifer Jury
- Division of Gastroenterology, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Constanza Bondar
- Laboratorio de Investigación en el Sistema Inmune- LISIN, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Elena F Verdu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Fernando G Chirdo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en el Sistema Inmune- LISIN, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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Sarang Z, Joós G, Garabuczi É, Rühl R, Gregory CD, Szondy Z. Macrophages engulfing apoptotic cells produce nonclassical retinoids to enhance their phagocytic capacity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5730-8. [PMID: 24850721 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous work in our laboratory has shown that transglutaminase 2 (TG2) acting as a coreceptor for integrin β3 is required for proper phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. In the absence of TG2, systemic lupus erythematosus-like autoimmunity develops in mice, similarly to other mice characterized by a deficiency in the clearance of apoptotic cells. In this study, we demonstrate that increasing TG2 expression alone in wild-type macrophages is not sufficient to enhance engulfment. However, during engulfment, the lipid content of the apoptotic cells triggers the lipid-sensing receptor liver X receptor (LXR), which in response upregulates the expression of the phagocytic receptor Mer tyrosine kinase and the phagocytosis-related ABCA1, and that of retinaldehyde dehydrogenases leading to the synthesis of a nonclassical retinoid. Based on our retinoid analysis, this compound might be a dihydro-retinoic acid derivative. The novel retinoid then contributes to the upregulation of further phagocytic receptors including TG2 by ligating retinoic acid receptors. Inhibition of retinoid synthesis prevents the enhanced phagocytic uptake induced by LXR ligation. Our data indicate that stimulation of LXR enhances the engulfment of apoptotic cells via regulating directly and indirectly the expression of a range of phagocytosis-related molecules, and its signaling pathway involves the synthesis of a nonclassical retinoid. We propose that retinoids could be used for enhancing the phagocytic capacity of macrophages in diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, where impaired phagocytosis of apoptotic cells plays a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Sarang
- Dental Biochemistry Section, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Gergely Joós
- Dental Biochemistry Section, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Éva Garabuczi
- Dental Biochemistry Section, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4012 Hungary; and
| | - Christopher D Gregory
- Medical Research Council, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Zsuzsa Szondy
- Dental Biochemistry Section, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary;
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Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled intervention trial to evaluate the effects of Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 in children with newly diagnosed coeliac disease. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:30-40. [PMID: 24774670 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the immune system and the intestinal microbiota may play a role in coeliac disease (CD). In the present study, the potential effects of Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 in children with newly diagnosed CD were evaluated. A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in thirty-three children who received a capsule containing either B. longum CECT 7347 (10⁹ colony-forming units) or placebo (excipients) daily for 3 months together with a gluten-free diet (GFD). Outcome measures (baseline and post-intervention) included immune phenotype of peripheral blood cells, serum cytokine concentration, faecal secretory IgA (sIgA) content, anthropometric parameters and intestinal microbiota composition. Comparisons between the groups revealed greater height percentile increases (P= 0·048) in the B. longum CECT 7347 group than in the placebo group, as well as decreased peripheral CD3⁺ T lymphocytes (P= 0·004) and slightly reduced TNF-α concentration (P= 0·067). Within-group comparisons of baseline and final values did not reveal any differences in T lymphocytes and cytokines in the placebo group, while decreased CD3⁺ (P =0·013) and human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR⁺ T lymphocytes (P =0·029) and slightly reduced TNF-α concentration (P= 0·085) were detected in the B. longum CECT 7347 group. Comparison between the groups showed that the administration of B. longum CECT 7347 reduced the numbers of the Bacteroides fragilis group (P= 0·020) and the content of sIgA in stools (P= 0·011) compared with the administration of placebo. Although this is a first exploratory intervention with limitations, the findings suggest that B. longum CECT 7347 could help improve the health status of CD patients who tend to show alterations in gut microbiota composition and a biased immune response even on a GFD.
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Samaşca G, Sur G, Lupan I. Current trends and investigative developments in celiac disease. Immunol Invest 2014; 42:273-84. [PMID: 23883196 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2013.777074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease has become extensively studied. What could be the cause? Increasing the accuracy of diagnostic tests for celiac disease has led to more discovered cases. Serological diagnosis of celiac disease has undergone important changes in recent years. Application of serological tests has reflected the diagnostic performance of tissue transglutaminase antibody and endomysial antibody as screening tests for celiac disease but also the progress of new serological tests as the antibodies against synthetic deamidated gliadin peptides. Serological tests are largely responsible for the recognition that celiac disease is not a rare disease. The Consensus in celiac disease from 2008 conducted under the aegis of the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition jointly with North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition which agreed that "Celiac disease is an immune-mediated enteropathy that can affect any system or organ and that can present itself with a wide range of clinical manifestations of variable severity" was confirmed. But increasing prevalence of this disease has led to the need for new methods of treatment among patients with celiac disease. Studies on quality of life of patients with celiac disease have questioned the gluten-free diet. As such new therapies, like TG2 inhibitors, the copolymer P (HEMA-co-SS) and other new experimental therapies, have emerged in celiac disease. The new therapies in celiac disease are based on new investigations in gluten toxicity screening, like K562(S)-cell agglutination, A1 and G12 monoclonal antibodies and proteomics. In this paper we want to present the investigative developments in celiac disease. We also want to find whether a new treatment in celiac disease is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Samaşca
- Department of Immunology, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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31
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Östensson M, Montén C, Bacelis J, Gudjonsdottir AH, Adamovic S, Ek J, Ascher H, Pollak E, Arnell H, Browaldh L, Agardh D, Wahlström J, Nilsson S, Torinsson-Naluai Å. A possible mechanism behind autoimmune disorders discovered by genome-wide linkage and association analysis in celiac disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70174. [PMID: 23936387 PMCID: PMC3732286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease is a common autoimmune disorder characterized by an intestinal inflammation triggered by gluten, a storage protein found in wheat, rye and barley. Similar to other autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease is the result of an immune response to self-antigens leading to tissue destruction and production of autoantibodies. Common diseases like celiac disease have a complex pattern of inheritance with inputs from both environmental as well as additive and non-additive genetic factors. In the past few years, Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have been successful in finding genetic risk variants behind many common diseases and traits. To complement and add to the previous findings, we performed a GWAS including 206 trios from 97 nuclear Swedish and Norwegian families affected with celiac disease. By stratifying for HLA-DQ, we identified a new genome-wide significant risk locus covering the DUSP10 gene. To further investigate the associations from the GWAS we performed pathway analyses and two-locus interaction analyses. These analyses showed an over-representation of genes involved in type 2 diabetes and identified a set of candidate mechanisms and genes of which some were selected for mRNA expression analysis using small intestinal biopsies from 98 patients. Several genes were expressed differently in the small intestinal mucosa from patients with celiac autoimmunity compared to intestinal mucosa from control patients. From top-scoring regions we identified susceptibility genes in several categories: 1) polarity and epithelial cell functionality; 2) intestinal smooth muscle; 3) growth and energy homeostasis, including proline and glutamine metabolism; and finally 4) innate and adaptive immune system. These genes and pathways, including specific functions of DUSP10, together reveal a new potential biological mechanism that could influence the genesis of celiac disease, and possibly also other chronic disorders with an inflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Östensson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Caroline Montén
- Diabetes and Celiac Disease Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bacelis
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Audur H. Gudjonsdottir
- Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Department of Pediatrics, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Svetlana Adamovic
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Ek
- Buskerud Central Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Drammen, Norway
| | - Henry Ascher
- Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Unit of Social Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Pollak
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Arnell
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Karolinska University Hospital and Division of Pediatrics, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Browaldh
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet Sodersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Agardh
- Diabetes and Celiac Disease Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Wahlström
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Staffan Nilsson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa Torinsson-Naluai
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Systems Biology Research Centre, Tumor Biology, School of Life Sciences University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Differential IL-13 production by small intestinal leukocytes in active coeliac disease versus refractory coeliac disease. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:939047. [PMID: 23690672 PMCID: PMC3649694 DOI: 10.1155/2013/939047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A small fraction of coeliac disease (CD) patients have persistent villous atrophy despite strict adherence to a gluten-free diet. Some of these refractory CD (RCD) patients develop a clonal expansion of lymphocytes with an aberrant phenotype, referred to as RCD type II (RCDII). Pathogenesis of active CD (ACD) has been shown to be related to gluten-specific immunity whereas the disease is no longer gluten driven in RCD. We therefore hypothesized that the immune response is differentially regulated by cytokines in ACD versus RCDII and investigated mucosal cytokine release after polyclonal stimulation of isolated mucosal lymphocytes. Secretion of the TH2 cytokine IL-13 was significantly higher in lamina propria leukocytes (LPLs) isolated from RCDII patients as compared to LPL from ACD patients (P = 0.05). In patients successfully treated with a gluten-free diet LPL-derived IL-13 production was also higher as compared to ACD patients (P = 0.02). IL-13 secretion correlated with other TH2 as well as TH1 cytokines but not with IL-10 secretion. Overall, the cytokine production pattern of LPL in RCDII showed more similarities with LPL isolated from GFD patients than from ACD patients. Our data suggest that different immunological processes are involved in RCDII and ACD with a potential role for IL-13.
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Lee SS, Tsai CH, Kuan YH, Huang FM, Chang YC. The upregulation of transglutaminase-2 by cyclosporin a in human gingival fibroblasts is augmented by oxidative stress. J Periodontol 2012; 84:1469-75. [PMID: 23173828 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.120554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transglutaminase-2 (TGM-2) has been implicated in several fibrotic disorders and can be induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hence, the authors hypothesize that cyclosporin A (CsA) may regulate TGM-2 via ROS, and this regulation may have a role in the pathogenesis of CsA-induced gingival overgrowth. METHODS Cytotoxicity, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay, and Western blot were used to investigate the effects of CsA in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). In addition, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor PD98059, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002, glutathione precursor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), curcumin, epigallocatechin-3 gallate (EGCG), and p38 inhibitor SB203580 were added to find the possible regulatory mechanisms. RESULTS Concentrations of CsA >500 ng/mL demonstrated cytotoxicity to HGFs (P < 0.05). CsA enhanced the generation of intracellular ROS at concentrations >200 ng/mL (P <0.05). TGM-2 protein induced by CsA was found in HGFs in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P <0.05). The addition of PD98059, LY294002, NAC, curcumin, EGCG, and SB203580 markedly inhibited TGM-2 expression induced by CsA (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that CsA significantly upregulates intracellular ROS generation and elevates TGM-2 expression in HGFs. In addition, TGM-2 induced by CsA is downregulated by PD98059, LY294002, NAC, curcumin, EGCG, and SB203580.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiuan-Shinn Lee
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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