1
|
Kwon YH, Blass BE, Wang H, Grondin JA, Banskota S, Korzekwa K, Ye M, Gordon JC, Colussi D, Blattner KM, Canney DJ, Khan WI. Novel 5-HT 7 receptor antagonists modulate intestinal immune responses and reduce severity of colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 327:G57-G69. [PMID: 38713616 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00299.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses several debilitating chronic gastrointestinal (GI) inflammatory disorders, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In both conditions, mucosal inflammation is a key clinical presentation associated with altered serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) signaling. This altered 5-HT signaling is also found across various animal models of colitis. Of the 14 known receptor subtypes, 5-HT receptor type 7 (5-HT7) is one of the most recently discovered. We previously reported that blocking 5-HT signaling with either a selective 5-HT7 receptor antagonist (SB-269970) or genetic ablation alleviated intestinal inflammation in murine experimental models of colitis. Here, we developed novel antagonists, namely, MC-170073 and MC-230078, which target 5-HT7 receptors with high selectivity. We also investigated the in vivo efficacy of these antagonists in experimental colitis by using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and the transfer of CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells to induce intestinal inflammation. Inhibition of 5-HT7 receptor signaling with the antagonists, MC-170073 and MC-230078, ameliorated intestinal inflammation in both acute and chronic colitis models, which was accompanied by lower histopathological damage and diminished levels of proinflammatory cytokines compared with vehicle-treated controls. Together, the data reveal that the pharmacological inhibition of 5-HT7 receptors by these selective antagonists ameliorates the severity of colitis across various experimental models and may, in the future, serve as a potential treatment option for patients with IBD. In addition, these findings support that 5-HT7 is a viable therapeutic target for IBD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that the novel highly selective 5-HT7 receptor antagonists, MC-170073 and MC-230078, significantly alleviated the severity of colitis across models of experimental colitis. These findings suggest that inhibition of 5-HT7 receptor signaling by these new antagonists may serve as an alternative mode of treatment to diminish symptomology in those with inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Han Kwon
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin E Blass
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Huaqing Wang
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jensine A Grondin
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suhrid Banskota
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth Korzekwa
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Min Ye
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - John C Gordon
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Dennis Colussi
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kevin M Blattner
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Daniel J Canney
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Waliul I Khan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jaafar FR, Abu-Raghif A. Comparative treatment of Sulfasalazine+Ezetimibe combination and Sulfasalazine in a rat model with induced colitis. J Med Life 2023; 16:1165-1169. [PMID: 38024826 PMCID: PMC10652677 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with high mortality and morbidity worldwide. It causes inflammation in the lining of the colon, resulting in several symptoms that negatively impact the quality of life. Unfortunately, there is currently no known cure for this condition. Therefore, it is crucial to explore alternative treatment approaches. This research aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of a combination therapy involving Sulfasalazine+Ezetimibe compared to Sulfasalazine alone in a rat model of ulcerative colitis. Forty adult rats were divided into four groups for this study. The groups consisted of a control group (negative control), an acetic acid group (positive control), an acetic acid+Sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg per day) group, and an acetic acid+Sulfasalazine (50 mg/kg)+Ezetimibe (5 mg/kg) group. Rats were treated for one week, and colitis was induced by administering 2 ml of 4% (v/v) acetic acid inter-rectally. After sacrifice, the colonic tissue homogenate was analyzed for several markers, including proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB), oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase), and adhesive molecule markers (E-selectin, ICAM-1). Sulfasalazine and the combination of Sulfasalazine+Ezetimibe significantly reduced the colonic levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB, MDA, and E-selectin in the homogenate. However, the combination therapy of Sulfasalazine and Ezetimibe demonstrated a superior effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farrah Rasool Jaafar
- Pharmacology Department, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Abu-Raghif
- Pharmacology Department, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fathima A, Gangachannaiah S, Bose U, Prasada Kabekkodu S, Chakraborty R, Kumar S E P, Udupa P, Sai Prathap Yadav R, Monappa V. Effect of aqueous extract of Trigonellafoenum-graecum L. seeds on Acetic acid- induced Ulcerative colitis in rats. RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND TECHNOLOGY 2023:2161-2168. [DOI: 10.52711/0974-360x.2023.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disorder affecting the colonic mucosa, characterized by intense inflammation and mucosal damage. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of the Trigonellafoenum-graecum L. (TFG) seeds in acetic acid-induced UC in rats. Materials and Methods: Male rats (n=30) were distributed into 5 groups as normal control, UC, standard, and two test groups. Colitis was induced by acetic acid in all the groups except the normal control group. Normal control and UC group received distilled water, the standard group was administered sulfasalazine at 100mg/kg body weight (bw), and test groups, TFG-I, and TFG-II received TFG seed extract at 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw, respectively. The duration of treatment was 7 days, and colitis was induced on day 8. Animals were sacrificed on day 9 and colonic tissue was dissected and collected for biochemical, molecular, and histological analysis. Results: The disease activity index score in standard, TFG-I, and TFG-II (3.33±0.21, 2.66±0.21, and 3.50±0.22) was significantly lesser (P<0.05) than scores in the UC group (4±0.01). The macroscopic score indicating the intensity of mucosal inflammation was significantly decreased (P≤ 0.01) to4.0±0.25, 3.16±0.30, and 3.83±0.40 in standard, TFG-I, and TFG-II groups, respectively compared to the UC group (4.66±0.21). Similarly, there was a significant reduction (P≤0.05) in histological scores of the standard, TFG-I, TFG-II (3.5±0.34, 1.25±0.34, 3.25±0.34) groups compared to the UC group (4.75±0.34). Biochemical assessment in the standard and test groups showed significant increase (P<0.05) in total protein, reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels whereas significant reduction (P<0.01) in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared to UC group. The pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α levels were significantly decreased (P<0.01) in standard, TFG-I, and TFG-II (-1.75±0.007, -0.27±0.17 and -0.51±0.002) when compared to the UC group (0.20±0.02). Conclusion: The study demonstrates the ability of TFG seeds in reducing the inflammatory and oxidative stress induced mucosal damage in acetic acid-induced UC in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Fathima
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India-576104
| | - Shivaprakash Gangachannaiah
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India-576104
| | - Ujjal Bose
- Department of Pharmacology, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, Coolidge, Antigua P.O. Box 1451
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India – 576104
| | - Rituparna Chakraborty
- Department of Microbiology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India – 576104
| | - Praveen Kumar S E
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal-Tata Medical College Jamshedpur, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Jharkhand, India – 831017
| | - Padmanabha Udupa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India – 576104
| | - Rachagolla Sai Prathap Yadav
- Centre for Molecular Neuroscience, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India – 576104
| | - Vidya Monappa
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India – 576104
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdelsameea AA, Alsemeh AE, Alabassery N, Samy W, Fawzy A, Abbas NAT. Icosapent ethyl alleviates acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis via modulation of SIRT1 signaling pathway in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109621. [PMID: 36574744 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a global inflammatory bowel disease. This study aimed to assess the effects of icosapent ethyl on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats as well as the underlying mechanisms involved. 36 male Wister rats were equally divided into six groups: control, UC, mesalamine 100 mg/kg, icosapent 150mg/kg, icosapent 300 mg/kg, and EX527-icosapent 300 mg/kg groups. Except for control group, UC was induced by acetic acid instillation into colon. Drugs were administered once daily for one week then under thiopental anaesthesia, colons were excised. Colitis macroscopic and microscopic scores were assessed. A part of colon was homogenized for detection of malondialdehyde (MDA), inerleukin1 (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), superoxide dismutase (SOD), phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) and caspase 3 levels. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2) mRNA expressions were detected. Mallory-stained colonic sections were examined for collagen fibres detection. Immunohistochemistry of NF-κB and p53 expressionsin colonic sections were assessed. Acetic acid induced colitis with increments in MDA, IL-1β, TNF-α, and caspase 3 levels while decreased SOD, pAkt, SIRT1, HO-1, and Nrf2 with increased collagen fibres as well as NF-κB and p53. Icosapent decreased macro& microscopic colitis scores, MDA, IL-1β, TNF-α, and caspase 3 levels while increased SOD, pAkt, SIRT1, HO-1, and Nrf2 with decreased collagen fibres as well as NF-κB and p53. The effects of icosapent 300 mg/kg were similar to mesalamine. Icosapent effects were antagonized by EX527. Icosapent alleviated acetic acid-induced colitis via its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects mediated in part by SIRT1 pathway activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amira Ebrahim Alsemeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine-Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Nadia Alabassery
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine-Minia University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Walaa Samy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine-Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Amal Fawzy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine-Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Noha A T Abbas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine-Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen W, Zhao Y, Dai Y, Nie K. Gastrointestinal inflammation plays a critical role in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 936:175379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
6
|
Dong Y, Yang Q, Niu R, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Bi Y, Liu G. Modulation of tumor‐associated macrophages in colitis‐associated colorectal cancer. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4443-4459. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Qiuli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Ruiying Niu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Yijin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Yujing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Layunta E, Latorre E, Grasa L, Arruebo MP, Buey B, Alcalde AI, Mesonero JE. Intestinal serotonergic system is modulated by Toll-like receptor 9. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:689-701. [PMID: 35670957 PMCID: PMC9381617 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00897-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal serotonergic system is a key modulator of intestinal homeostasis; however, its regulation is still unclear. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), an innate immune receptor, detects different external agents in the intestine, preserving intestinal integrity. Since little is known about TLR9 role in the intestine, our aim was to address the potential regulation between TLR9 and intestinal serotonergic system. Caco-2/TC7 cell line and intestinal tract of Tlr9−/− mice were used in this study. Serotonin uptake studies were performed, and molecular expression of different serotonergic components was analyzed by western blot and real-time PCR. Our results show that TLR9 activation inhibits serotonin transporter activity and expression, involving p38/MAPK and ERK/MAPK intracellular pathways, and reciprocally, serotonin increases TLR9 expression. Supporting this interaction, serotonin transporter, serotonin receptors and serotonin producer enzymes were found altered in intestinal tract of Tlr9−/− mice. We conclude that TLR9 could contribute to intestinal homeostasis by modulation of intestinal serotonergic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Layunta
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eva Latorre
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain. .,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2- (Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA), Zaragoza, Spain. .,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Laura Grasa
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2- (Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Pilar Arruebo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2- (Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Berta Buey
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana I Alcalde
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José E Mesonero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2- (Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Enteropathogenic infections modulate intestinal serotonin transporter (SERT) function by activating Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) in Crohn's disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22624. [PMID: 34799637 PMCID: PMC8604993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) is an intestinal neuromodulator that regulates several essential enteric physiological functions such as absorption or secretion of fluids, and peristaltic reflexes. Availability of the intestinal 5-HT is dependent on serotonin transporter (SERT), which uptakes 5-HT and facilitates its degradation. Interestingly, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) is co-localized with 5-HT, which suggests a possible impact of neuroendocrine cells in the inflammatory response through TLR-2 activation. Serum 5-HT levels were measured in 80 Crohn's disease (CD) patients and 40 healthy control subjects. Additionally, fully differentiated Caco-2 monolayers were infected with Mycobacteria paratuberculosis (MAP), L. monocytogenes, or M. smegmatis in the presence of exogenous 5-HT at different concentrations. Cells were subsequently harvested and used for measuring SERT activity, RNA isolation followed by RT-PCR, protein quantification, and tissue damage markers (DHE, LDH, GSH and MDA). TLR-2 intracellular signaling pathways were assessed by pre-incubating Caco-2 monolayers with selective blockers of ERK, cAMP/PKA, p38 MAPK, and 5-HT3 receptors. MAP-infected CD patients (N = 40) had higher serum 5-HT levels (462.95 ± 8.55 ng/mL, N = 40) than those without MAP infection (385.33 ± 10.3 ng/mL, N = 40). TLR-2 activation by enteropathogenic bacteria inhibited SERT activity in the presence of exogenous 5-HT by up to 50%. These effects were increasing gradually over 72 h, and MAP infection had the greatest effect on SERT inhibition when cells were exposed to 5-HT in a concentration dependent manner. Additionally, inhibition of SERT activity was accompanied with higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) and oxidative stress markers (DHE, LDH and MDA), whereas SERT expression and protein level were downregulated. Consequently, inhibition of TLR-2 and p38 MAPK signaling or blocking 5-HT3 receptors restored SERT activity and reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as reflected by the downregulation of oxidative stress and tissue damage markers. The involvement of TLR-2 in the intestinal pathology might be concluded not only from its innate immune role, but also from its effect on modulating the intestinal serotonergic response. Ultimately, regulating the intestinal serotonergic system can be therapeutically exploited to mitigate other enteropathogenic infections, which will help in understanding the gut-microbiome-brain connection.
Collapse
|
9
|
Koopman N, Katsavelis D, Hove AST, Brul S, de Jonge WJ, Seppen J. The Multifaceted Role of Serotonin in Intestinal Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9487. [PMID: 34502396 PMCID: PMC8431144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The monoamine serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a remarkable molecule with conserved production in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and a wide range of functions. In the gastrointestinal tract, enterochromaffin cells are the most important source for 5-HT production. Some intestinal bacterial species are also able to produce 5-HT. Besides its role as a neurotransmitter, 5-HT acts on immune cells to regulate their activation. Several lines of evidence indicate that intestinal 5-HT signaling is altered in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the production, secretion, and signaling of 5-HT in the intestine. We present an inventory of intestinal immune and epithelial cells that respond to 5-HT and describe the effects of these signaling processes on intestinal homeostasis. Further, we detail the mechanisms by which 5-HT could affect inflammatory bowel disease course and describe the effects of interventions that target intestinal 5-HT signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nienke Koopman
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (N.K.); (D.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Drosos Katsavelis
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (N.K.); (D.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Anne S. ten Hove
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.S.t.H.); (W.J.d.J.)
| | - Stanley Brul
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (N.K.); (D.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Wouter J. de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.S.t.H.); (W.J.d.J.)
| | - Jurgen Seppen
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.S.t.H.); (W.J.d.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li T, Fu B, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Yang M, Cao M, Chen Y, Tan Y, Hu R. Overproduction of Gastrointestinal 5-HT Promotes Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer Progression via Enhancing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:1008-1023. [PMID: 34285037 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a key driver for colitis-associated colorectal cancer. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), a neurotransmitter, has been reported to promote inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the mechanism behind this remains unclear. In this study, we found that 5-HT levels, as well as the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), the 5-HT biosynthesis rate-limiting enzyme, were significantly upregulated in colorectal tumor tissues from patients with colorectal cancer, colorectal cancer mouse models, and colorectal cancer cell lines when compared with normal colorectal tissues or epithelial cell lines. Colorectal cancer cell-originated 5-HT enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in THP-1 cells and immortalized bone marrow-derived macrophages (iBMDM) via its ion channel receptor, HTR3A. Mechanistically, HTR3A activation led to Ca2+ influx, followed by CaMKIIα phosphorylation (Thr286) and activation, which then induced NLRP3 phosphorylation at Ser198 (mouse: Ser194) and inflammasome assembling. The NLRP3 inflammasome mediated IL1β maturation, and release upregulated 5-HT biosynthesis in colorectal cancer cells by inducing TPH1 transcription, revealing a positive feedback loop between 5-HT and NLRP3 signaling. Silencing TPH1 or HTR3A by short hairpin RNA slowed down tumor growth in an established CT26 and iBMDM coimplanted subcutaneous allograft colorectal cancer mouse model, whereas treatment with TPH1 inhibitor 4-chloro-DL-phenylalanine or HTR3A antagonist tropisetron alleviated tumor progression in an azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-induced colorectal cancer mouse model. Addressing the positive feedback loop between 5-HT and NLRP3 signaling could provide potential therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Bin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yunjiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Mengdi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Mengran Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yaxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Rong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Anti-Ulcerative Effect of Curcumin-Galactomannoside Complex on Acetic Acid-Induced Experimental Model by Inhibiting Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Inflammation 2021; 43:1411-1422. [PMID: 32240451 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the mucosa and submucosa of colon. The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) is related to reduced antioxidant capacity and increased inflammatory processes. Reactive oxygen metabolites are the potent inflammatory mediators that may be involved in tissue injury in inflammatory bowel disease. Conventional drug therapies for UC come with a myriad of side effects which further raise the need for natural bioactive agents. Curcumin has proven to be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of a number of inflammatory diseases, but due its poor bioavailability, the therapeutic applications are limited. Thus, to enhance its bioavailability, a new formulation - curcumin-galactomannoside (CGM)- was made by complexing curcumin with galactomannans derived from fenugreek. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of CGM on experimental UC model. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: normal control rats (NC); ulcerative colitis control rats (UC); UC + sulfasalazine (SS) treated; UC + curcumin (CM) treated; and UC + CGM supplemented for 21 days. The colonic mucosal injury was assessed by macroscopic and histological examination, along with evaluation of antioxidant status, inflammatory mediators, and gene expressions. Administration of CGM significantly enhanced antioxidant activities and decreased the level of inflammatory mediators and also suppressed the expression of inflammatory markers as compared with other groups. In conclusion, findings from these results reveal that CGM exerts marked curative effects on acute experimental colitis, possibly by regulating the antioxidant status and modulating inflammatory cascade.
Collapse
|
12
|
Jastrzębski M, Przybyłkowski A. Biogenic amines in the colon. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.7954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract contains the highest concentration of biogenic amines in the
human body. Neurons located in the GI tract, modulated by biogenic amines and various peptide
and non-peptide transmitters, are called Enteric Nervous System (ENS). That explains why
many medications used in neurology and psychiatry present side effects from the gut. Serotonin
(5-hyroxytrypatamine, 5-HT), 95% of which is synthesized in the gut, is the most important amine
(beside epinephrine and norepinephrine) colon functionality but another substances such as
histamine, dopamine and melatonin are also potent in modulating intestine’s actions. Over 30
receptors for 5-HT were described in the human body, and 5-HT3, 5-HT4 and 5-HT7 are known
to have the highest influence on motility and are a potent target for the drugs for treatment
GI disorders, such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD).
Histamine is a key biogenic amine for pathogenesis of allergy also in the colon. Alteration in
histaminergic system is found in patients with diarrhea and allergic enteropathy. Dopamine
affects functions of the large intestine but its modulating actions are more presented in the
upper part of GI tract. Melatonin is best known for regulating circadian circle, but may also be
a potent anti-inflammatory agent within the gut. Despite many years of research, it seems that
more studies are needed to fully understand human colon neurochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Jastrzębski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Przybyłkowski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lashgari NA, Roudsari NM, Zandi N, Pazoki B, Rezaei A, Hashemi M, Momtaz S, Rahimi R, Shayan M, Dehpour AR, Abdolghaffari AH. Current overview of opioids in progression of inflammatory bowel disease; pharmacological and clinical considerations. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:855-874. [PMID: 33394234 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) belong to a subgroup of persistent, long-term, progressive, and relapsing inflammatory conditions. IBD may spontaneously develop in the colon, resulting in tumor lesions in inflamed regions of the intestine, such as invasive carcinoma. The benefit of opioids for IBD treatment is still questionable, thereby we investigated databases to provide an overview in this context. This review demonstrates the controversial role of opioids in IBD therapy, their physiological and pharmacological functions in attenuating the IBD symptoms, and in improving inflammatory, oxidative stress, and the quality of life factors in IBD subjects. Data were extracted from clinical, in vitro, and in vivo studies in English, between 1995 and 2019, from PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane library. Based on recent reports, there are promising opportunities to target the opioid system and control the IBD symptoms. This study suggests a novel approach for future treatment of functional and inflammatory disorders such as IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naser-Aldin Lashgari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Momeni Roudsari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nadia Zandi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Atiyeh Rezaei
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Hashemi
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shayan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. .,Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran. .,Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Divanbeigi A, Nasehi M, Vaseghi S, Amiri S, Zarrindast MR. Tropisetron But Not Granisetron Ameliorates Spatial Memory Impairment Induced by Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2631-2640. [PMID: 32797381 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tropisetron and Granisetorn are 5-HT3 antagonists with antiemetic effects. Tropisetron also has a partial agonistic effect on alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 nAChRs). On the other hand, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) attenuates cerebral blood flow and impairs cognitive functions. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of Tropisetron and Granisetron on CCH-induced spatial memory impairment in rats. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were used in this study. 2-VO surgery was done to induce CCH and Radial Eight Arm Maz apparatus was used to evaluate spatial memory (working and reference memory). Tropisetron was injected intraperitoneally at the doses of 1 and 5 mg/kg, and Granisetron was injected intraperitoneally at the dose of 3 mg/kg. Dorsal hippocampal (CA1) neurons count, Interleukin 6 (IL-6) serum level, and serotonin-reuptake transporter (SERT) gene expression were also evaluated. The results showed, CCH impaired working and reference memory, increased IL-6 serum level, and decreased CA1 neurons and SERT expression. Tropisetron at the dose of 5 mg/kg restored all the effects of CCH. However, Granisetron did not restore CCH-induced memory impairment. Furthermore, Granisetron had no effect on IL-6. While, it increased SERT expression and CA1 neurons. In conclusion, Tropisetron but not Granisetron, ameliorated spatial memory impairment induced by CCH. We suggested conducting more detailed studies investigating the role of serotonergic system (5-HT3 receptors and serotonin transporters) and also α7 nAChRs in the effects of Tropisetron.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Divanbeigi
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran.,Scientific Research Committee, Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran.,Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Amiri
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran.,Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zirak MR, Karimi G, Rahimian R, Jafarian AH, Hayes AW, Mehri S. Tropisetron ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173310. [PMID: 32619674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic cystitis is one of the most important complications of cyclophosphamide, a drug widely used in cancer chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. 5-HT3 antagonists are anti-emetic agents and have been shown to have notable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study was designed to investigate the possible protective effects of tropisetron against cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats. Hemorrhagic cystitis was induced in female rats by cyclophosphamide (270 mg/kg). Tropisetron (2.5, 5 and 7.5 mg/kg), granisetron (2.5 and 5 mg/kg), and ondansetron (5 mg/kg) were injected 15 min before, 4 and 8 h after cyclophosphamide. To evaluate the role of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), its antagonist, methyllycaconitine (5 mg/kg) was administered 30 min before tropisetron. After 24 h, animals were killed under anesthesia. Macroscopic and histological changes were evaluated. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and Evans blue were measured spectrophotometrically. Furthermore, the protein levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (P38 MAPK), p-P38, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), p-STAT3 and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were determined using Western blot. Cyclophosphamide administration significantly induced histopathological damages and increased MDA, p-p38/p38, p-STAT3/STAT3, and PARP levels compared with the saline group. Tropisetron treatment diminished histopathological injuries as well as MDA level, and STAT3 activity compared to cyclophosphamide treated rats. Co-administration of methyllycaconitine with tropisetron, partially or completely reversed the protective effects of tropisetron. Our results showed that prophylactic administration of tropisetron markedly ameliorated the cyclophosphamide-induced bladder hemorrhage and inflammation in rats. These effects of tropisetron were α7nAChR dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Zirak
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Rahimian
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amir Hossein Jafarian
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, FL, USA; Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mirshafa A, Mohammadi H, Shokrzadeh M, Mohammadi E, Talebpour Amiri F, Shaki F. Tropisetron protects against brain aging via attenuating oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation: The role of SIRT1 signaling. Life Sci 2020; 248:117452. [PMID: 32088214 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to elucidate the signaling pathway involved in the anti-aging effect of tropisetron and to clarify whether it affects mitochondrial oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation in the aging mouse brain by upregulating Sirtuin 1 or silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1). MATERIALS AND METHODS Aging was induced by d-galactose (DG) at the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight/day subcutaneously injected to male mice for six weeks. Tropisetron was simultaneously administered intraperitoneally once a day at three various doses (1, 3 and 5 mg/kg body weight). Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction markers were evaluated. Nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were studied. Besides, the expressions of apoptosis-associated genes (Bax and Bcl-2) and the aging-related gene (SIRT1) were determined by the real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In addition, histopathological alterations were assessed. KEY FINDINGS Tropisetron reversed the induction of oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and overproduction of inflammatory mediators induced by DG in the brain tissue. In addition, tropisetron suppressed DG-induced apoptosis and found to significantly elevate SIRT1 gene expression. Besides, tropisetron could markedly alleviate DG-induced abnormal changes in the brain morphology. SIGNIFICANCE Tropisetron exhibited anti-aging effects in the context of DG-induced senescence in mouse brain through various pathways. Our results suggest that tropisetron may attenuate DG-induced brain aging via SIRT1 signaling activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Mirshafa
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mohammadi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shokrzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mohammadi
- Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Talebpour Amiri
- Department of Anatomy, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shaki
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The Role of Serotonin in Concanavalin A-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020. [PMID: 31998441 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7504521.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin is involved in the pathological processes of several liver diseases via the regulation of inflammatory response and oxidative stress. We aimed to investigate the role of serotonin in Concanavalin A- (Con A-) induced acute liver injury (ALI). ALI was induced in C57B/6 wild-type (WT) mice and tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) knockout mice through tail vein injection of Con A (15 mg/kg body weight). Another group of TPH1 knockout ALI mice was supplied with 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in advance to recover serotonin. The blood and liver tissues of mice were collected in all groups. Markedly increased serum levels of serotonin were identified after the injection of Con A. Increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and stronger hepatic tissue pathology were detected, suggesting that serotonin could mediate Con A-induced liver damage. Serotonin significantly facilitated the release of serum and intrahepatic inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17A (IL-17A), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis-alpha (TNF-α), after the administration of Con A. In addition, serotonin significantly increased the intrahepatic levels of oxidative stress markers malonaldehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and nitric oxide (NO) and decreased antioxidant stress indicator glutathione (GSH) in Con A-treated mice. Additionally, serotonin promoted hepatocyte apoptosis and autophagy based on B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-asociated X protein (Bax), and Beclin-1 levels and TUNEL staining. More importantly, serotonin activated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and upregulated the hepatic expressions of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), and downstream molecules in Con A-mediated liver injury. Serotonin 2A receptor was upregulated in liver tissue after Con A injection, and serotonin 2A receptor antagonist Ketanserin protected against Con A-induced hepatitis. These results indicated that serotonin has the potential to aggravate Con A-induced ALI via the promotion of inflammatory response, oxidative stress injury, and hepatocyte apoptosis and the activation of hepatic HMGB1-TLR signaling pathway and serotonin 2A receptor.
Collapse
|
18
|
The Role of Serotonin in Concanavalin A-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7504521. [PMID: 31998441 PMCID: PMC6969644 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7504521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin is involved in the pathological processes of several liver diseases via the regulation of inflammatory response and oxidative stress. We aimed to investigate the role of serotonin in Concanavalin A- (Con A-) induced acute liver injury (ALI). ALI was induced in C57B/6 wild-type (WT) mice and tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) knockout mice through tail vein injection of Con A (15 mg/kg body weight). Another group of TPH1 knockout ALI mice was supplied with 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in advance to recover serotonin. The blood and liver tissues of mice were collected in all groups. Markedly increased serum levels of serotonin were identified after the injection of Con A. Increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and stronger hepatic tissue pathology were detected, suggesting that serotonin could mediate Con A-induced liver damage. Serotonin significantly facilitated the release of serum and intrahepatic inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17A (IL-17A), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis-alpha (TNF-α), after the administration of Con A. In addition, serotonin significantly increased the intrahepatic levels of oxidative stress markers malonaldehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and nitric oxide (NO) and decreased antioxidant stress indicator glutathione (GSH) in Con A-treated mice. Additionally, serotonin promoted hepatocyte apoptosis and autophagy based on B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-asociated X protein (Bax), and Beclin-1 levels and TUNEL staining. More importantly, serotonin activated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and upregulated the hepatic expressions of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), and downstream molecules in Con A-mediated liver injury. Serotonin 2A receptor was upregulated in liver tissue after Con A injection, and serotonin 2A receptor antagonist Ketanserin protected against Con A-induced hepatitis. These results indicated that serotonin has the potential to aggravate Con A-induced ALI via the promotion of inflammatory response, oxidative stress injury, and hepatocyte apoptosis and the activation of hepatic HMGB1-TLR signaling pathway and serotonin 2A receptor.
Collapse
|
19
|
Dejban P, Rahimi N, Takzare N, Dehpour AR. Biochemical and histopathological evidence for the beneficial effects of modafinil on the rat model of inflammatory bowel disease: involvement of nitric oxide pathway. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:135-146. [PMID: 32016839 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-019-00054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease is an intestinal disorder presented by recurrent inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. It has been reported that modafinil, also known as an awakening drug, has anti-inflammatory characteristics. The objective of this experiment is to investigate the protective effects of modafinil on colitis induced by acetic acid in rat and the involvement of nitric oxide pathway. METHODS Colitis was induced by intra-rectal instillation of 1 ml acetic acid (4%). After one h of colitis induction (first day), intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone (1 mg/kg), modafinil (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg), nitric oxide synthase inhibitors (NOS)-N (G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) 10 mg/kg, 7-nitroindazole 40 mg/kg, and aminoguanidine 50 mg/kg-was performed and continued for 2 consecutive days. Ultimately, macroscopic, microscopic, and biochemical assessments were performed. RESULTS While induction of colitis caused severe macroscopic lesions, administration of dexamethasone and modafinil (100 and 150 mg/kg) significantly improved macroscopic ulcers. Interestingly, the combination of modafinil with NOS inhibitors reversed the beneficial effects of modafinil on macroscopic destructions. In addition, the elevated level of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was decreased by modafinil. However, treatment with NOS inhibitors before modafinil neutralized the anti-inflammatory influence of modafinil. Additionally, histological disorders emerged by acetic acid in colon tissue remarkably were disappeared after treatment with modafinil. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, modafinil has a protective effect on injuries induced by acetic acid in the colon of rat, which is presumably via the inhibition of inflammatory cascade and mediation of NO pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Dejban
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Rahimi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Takzare
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zengin G, Ferrante C, Gnapi DE, Sinan KI, Orlando G, Recinella L, Diuzheva A, Jekő J, Cziáky Z, Chiavaroli A, Leone S, Brunetti L, Picot-Allain C, Mahomoodally MF, Angelini P, Covino S, Venanzoni R, Tirillini B, Menghini L. Comprehensive approaches on the chemical constituents and pharmacological properties of flowers and leaves of American basil (Ocimum americanum L). Food Res Int 2019; 125:108610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
21
|
Rashidi M, Bazi A, Shiran MR, Bagheri A, Mehrabadi AR, Kalantar H, Ghafouri Z, Hosseini SM. Tropisetron attenuates tumor growth and progression in an experimental model of mouse lung cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:1610-1622. [PMID: 31535406 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The antineoplastic effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor antagonists have been shown in previous studies. However, the exact underlying mechanisms mediating these antineoplastic effects are unclear. In the present study, we assessed the antineoplastic effects of tropisetron, a 5-HT receptor antagonist, in an experimental model of lung cancer in BALB/c mouse. Lewis lung carcinoma cell line was used to induce lung cancer. Mice were divided into four groups (n = 6) as follows: tumor-bearing mice + tropisetron (5 mg/kg intraperitoneally [IP]), tumor-bearing mice + tropisetron (10 mg/kg IP), tumor-bearing mice + saline, healthy mice + tropisetron (10 mg/kg). Tumor burden, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4, pathological response, Ki-67, and E-cadherin were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Comet assay was used to assess DNA toxicity. Tropisetrone-treated animals (either 5 or 10 mg/kg) showed significantly lower tumor sizes at the day 24th after tumor induction. Tropisetron received animals also showed significantly higher levels of IFN-γ, E-cadherin, pathologic response, and necrotic cells compared to the saline-treated counterparts. In addition, the levels of IL-4, and Ki-67 were significantly lower in tropisetrone treated mice in comparison with control. Furthermore, tropisteron coadministration signifcantly reduced H2 O2 -induced DNA toxicity while treatment with tropisteron alone showed no adverse effect on DNA. Tropisetrone can be used as a potential antineoplastic drug in lung cancer. This agent can promote its antineoplastic effects in part through modulating inflammatory and proliferating markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Rashidi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Bazi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Shiran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abouzar Bagheri
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry-Biophysics and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abbas R Mehrabadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hadi Kalantar
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghafouri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry-Biophysics and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sayed M Hosseini
- Human Genetic Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Orlando G, Ferrante C, Zengin G, Sinan KI, Bene K, Diuzheva A, Jekő J, Cziáky Z, Simone SD, Recinella L, Chiavaroli A, Leone S, Brunetti L, Picot-Allain CMN, Mahomoodally MF, Menghini L. Qualitative Chemical Characterization and Multidirectional Biological Investigation of Leaves and Bark Extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae). Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090343. [PMID: 31480498 PMCID: PMC6770311 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae) has a long history of use by folk populations for the management of multiple human ailments. Based on the published literature, there has been no attempt to conduct a comparative assessment of the biological activity and the phytochemical profiles of the leaves and stem bark of A. leiocarpus extracted using methanol, ethyl acetate, and water. By high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-ESI-MSn) analysis, quinic, shikimic, gallic, and protocatechuic acids were tentatively identified from all the extracts, while chlorogenic, caffeic, ferulic, and dodecanedioic acids were only characterised from the leaves extracts. Additionally, a pharmacological study was carried out to evaluate potential protective effects that are induced by the extracts in rat colon and colon cancer HCT116 cell line. In general, the methanol and water extracts of A. leiocarpus leaves and stem bark showed potent radical scavenging and reducing properties. It was noted that the stem bark extracts were more potent antioxidants as compared to the leaves extracts. The methanol extract of A. leiocarpus leaves showed the highest acetyl (4.68 mg galantamine equivalent/g) and butyryl (4.0 mg galantamine equivalent/g) cholinesterase inhibition. Among ethyl acetate extracts, the pharmacological investigation suggested stem bark ethyl acetate extracts to be the most promising. This extract revealed ability to protect rat colon from lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress, without exerting promoting effects on HCT116 cell line viability and migration. As a conclusion, A. leiocarpus represents a potential source of bioactive compounds in the development of novel therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey.
| | | | - Kouadio Bene
- Laboratoire de Botanique et Phytothérapie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Ivory Coast
| | - Alina Diuzheva
- Department of Forest Protection and Entomology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague 16500, Czech Republic
| | - József Jekő
- Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, Nyíregyháza 4400, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Cziáky
- Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, Nyíregyháza 4400, Hungary
| | - Simonetta Di Simone
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zengin G, Ferrante C, Orlando G, Zheleva-Dimitrova D, Gevrenova R, Recinella L, Chiavaroli A, Leone S, Brunetti L, Aumeeruddy MZ, Aktumsek A, Mahomoodally MF, Angelini P, Covino S, Venanzoni R, Tirillini B, Menghini L. Chemical profiling and pharmaco-toxicological activity of Origanum sipyleum extracts: Exploring for novel sources for potential therapeutic agents. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e13003. [PMID: 31393014 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemical, antiradical, and enzyme inhibition profile of three solvent extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol, water) of Origanum sipyleum were assessed. We also performed a pharmacological study in order to explore protective effects induced by extracts in inflamed colon. LC-MS analysis revealed that the extracts contained different classes of phenolics. The aqueous extract showed the highest antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory effects. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were highest in aqueous and ethyl acetate extract, respectively. All extracts were effective in reducing colon pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory biomarkers. The extracts revealed also able to inhibit fungal and bacterial species involved in ulcerative colitis, including Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus thyphimurium. Finally, we also showed the antiproliferative effects exerted by the EA extracts on human colon cancer HCT116 cell line. Concluding, our results indicated that O. sipyleum extracts displayed promising therapeutic properties which warrants further validation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The present phytochemical and biological studies, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobic assessments, showed significant protective effects exerted by O. sipyleum extracts in an experimental model of ulcerative colitis. The results are intriguing and suggest potential applications O. sipyleum extracts as sources of natural agents for the management of clinical symptoms related to ulcerative colitis, characterized by increased burden of oxidative stress and microbiome dysbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Reneta Gevrenova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Paola Angelini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Covino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Venanzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Bruno Tirillini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Qualitative Fingerprint Analysis and Multidirectional Assessment of Different Crude Extracts and Essential Oil from Wild Artemisia santonicum L. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7080522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisia species are used as folk medicines in several countries. This work was aimed to shed more light on the effect of methanol, water, ethyl acetate extracts, and essential oil (EO) of A. santonicum on selected enzymes (cholinesterase, tyrosinase α-amylase, and α-glucosidase) as well of their antioxidant and pharmacological effects. The chemical profile of the essential oil was determined using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, while the extracts were chemically characterized by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Forty-nine constituents were identified and camphor (36.6%), 1,8-cineole (10.2%), α-thujone (10.1%), borneol (4.5%), and β-thujone (3.6%) were the major components. Overall, 45, 74, and 67 components were identified from the ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts, respectively. The EO and extracts showed significant antioxidant properties, in a cell-free model; particularly, methanol and water extracts revealed promising sources of antioxidant compounds. Additionally, we evaluated protective effects of EO and extracts in isolated rat colon tissue challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as an ex vivo model of colon inflammation, and human colon cancer HCT116 cell line. Particularly, we observed that, among all tested samples, A. santonicum ethyl acetate displayed the best pharmacological profile, being able to blunt LPS-induced levels of all tested biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, including colon nitrites, lactate dehydrogenase, prostaglandin E2, and serotonin. Additionally, this extract was also able to reduce HCT116 cell viability, thus suggesting potential antiproliferative effects against colon cancer cells. Based on our results, A. santonicum has great potential for developing novel functional agents including pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and nutraceuticals.
Collapse
|
25
|
Shajib MS, Chauhan U, Adeeb S, Chetty Y, Armstrong D, Halder SLS, Marshall JK, Khan WI. Characterization of Serotonin Signaling Components in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2019; 2:132-140. [PMID: 31294376 PMCID: PMC6619411 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH)1 catalyzes the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-hydroxytrptamine; 5-HT) in enterochromaffin (EC) cells, the predominant source of gut 5-HT. Secreted 5-HT regulates various gut functions through diverse 5-HT receptor (5-HTR) families, and 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) sequesters its activity via uptake into surrounding cells. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mucosal 5-HT signaling is altered, including upregulated EC cell numbers and 5-HT levels. We examined key mucosal 5-HT signaling components and blood 5-HT levels and, as part of a pilot study, investigated the association between 5-HTT gene-linked polymorphic region (5HTTLPR) and Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS In the context of inflammation, colonic expressions of TPH1, 5-HTT and 5-HTRs were studied in CD patients (n=15) and healthy controls (HC; n=10) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We also investigated 5HTTLPR in 40 CD patients and HC utilizing PCR and measured platelet-poor plasma (PPP) and plasma 5-HT concentrations. RESULTS Compared with HC, inflammation in CD patients was associated with elevated TPH1, 5-HTR3, 5-HTR4, 5-HTR7 and downregulated 5-HTT expressions. In our second cohort of participants, significantly higher PPP and plasma 5-HT levels and higher S-genotype (L/S+S/S) than L/L genotype were observed in CD patients compared with HC. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that augmented mucosal 5-HT signaling and specific 5-HTTLPR genotype-associated decreased efficiency in 5-HT reuptake, the latter through increased 5-HT availability, may contribute to inflammation in CD patients. These findings revealed important information on various components of 5-HT signaling in intestinal inflammation which may ultimately lead to effective strategies targeting this pathway in IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Sharif Shajib
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Usha Chauhan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Hamiltion Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Salman Adeeb
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yeshale Chetty
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Armstrong
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Smita L S Halder
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John K Marshall
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Waliul I Khan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Correspondence: Dr Waliul I. Khan (nominated for communications with the editorial office), Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, HSC 3N7-1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada, e-mail
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ferrante C, Recinella L, Ronci M, Orlando G, Di Simone S, Brunetti L, Chiavaroli A, Leone S, Politi M, Tirillini B, Angelini P, Covino S, Venanzoni R, Vladimir-Knežević S, Menghini L. Protective effects induced by alcoholic Phlomis fruticosa and Phlomis herba-venti extracts in isolated rat colon: Focus on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities in vitro. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2387-2400. [PMID: 31322313 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phlomis fruticosa L. and P. herba-venti are species belonging to the Lamiaceae family, which have been traditionally used to prepare tonic and digestive drinks. Multiple studies also demonstrated the inhibitory effects of P. fruticosa extracts and essential oil against oxidative/proinflammatory pathways and bacterial strains deeply involved in ulcerative colitis. Considering these findings, the present study evaluated the effects of alcoholic P. fruticosa and P. herba-venti leaf extracts in isolated rat colon challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an ex vivo experimental paradigm of ulcerative colitis. In this context, we assayed colon levels of pro-oxidant and proinflammatory biomarkers, including nitrites, malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and serotonin (5-HT). Additionally, the extracts have been tested in order to evaluate possible inhibitory effects on specific bacterial and fungal strains involved in ulcerative colitis. Alcoholic P. fruticosa and P. herba-venti extracts were able to blunt LPS-induced nitrite, MDA, 5-HT, and LDH levels in isolated rat colon. The same extracts also inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. In conclusion, our findings show a potential role exerted by alcoholic P. fruticosa and P. herba-venti in managing the clinical symptoms related to ulcerative colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Simonetta Di Simone
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Matteo Politi
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Bruno Tirillini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Paola Angelini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Covino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Venanzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sanda Vladimir-Knežević
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20/II, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Novel biodegradable pH-sensitive hydrogels: An efficient controlled release system to manage ulcerative colitis. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:83-96. [PMID: 31195039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and characterize a pH sensitive, biodegradable, interpenetrating polymeric network (IPNs) for colon specific delivery of sulfasalazine in ulcerative colitis. It also entailed in-vitro and in-vivo evaluations to optimize colon targeting efficiency, improve drug accumulation at the target site, and ameliorate the off-target effects of chemotherapy. Pectin was grafted with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and methacrylic acid (MAA) by free radical polymerization. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), energy dispersion X-ray (EDX) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed the development of stable pectin-g-(PEG-co-MAA) hydrogels. The swelling and release studies exhibited that the hydrogels were capable of releasing drug specifically at colonic pH (pH 7.4). The toxicological potential of polymers, monomers and hydrogel was investigated using the Balb/c animal model, that confirmed the safety of the hydrogels. In vitro degradation of the hydrogel was evaluated using pectinase enzyme in various simulated fluids and the results showed that the hydrogels were susceptible to biodegradation by the natural microflora of the colon. In-vivo study was performed using Dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) rat model proved the hydrogels to be effective in the management of UC.
Collapse
|
28
|
Dong J, Liang W, Wang T, Sui J, Wang J, Deng Z, Chen D. Saponins regulate intestinal inflammation in colon cancer and IBD. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:66-72. [PMID: 30959159 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The saponins are natural surface-active glycosides which are the principal components of many popular herbal medicinal plants such as ginseng, astragalus, and bupleurum. Recent studies have suggested that saponins can exert strong anti-inflammatory effects and induce immune homeostasis in many diseases. Intestinal-inflammation-related digestive diseases include inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, necrotizing enterocolitis and radiation proctitis, as well as intestinal inflammation caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The pathogenesis of these diseases is poorly understood, and the patients with these diseases suffer from mental stress and physical pain, while their families (and society) experience heavy economic losses. Results from animal experiments suggest that saponins can suppress intestinal inflammation, promote intestinal barrier repair, maintain the diversity of the intestinal flora, and decrease the incidence rate of colon-inflammation-related colon cancer. In this review, we discuss new findings regarding the effects of saponins on intestinal inflammation and digestive diseases with intestinal inflammation. In addition, we provide a summary of the underlying mechanism for saponins-induced treatment on intestinal-inflammation-related disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Dong
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | | | - Jingru Sui
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, China.
| | - Zhaobin Deng
- Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, China.
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zengin G, Ferrante C, Senkardes I, Gevrenova R, Zheleva-Dimitrova D, Menghini L, Orlando G, Recinella L, Chiavaroli A, Leone S, Brunetti L, Picot-Allain CMN, Rengasamy KR, Mahomoodally MF. Multidirectional biological investigation and phytochemical profile of Rubus sanctus and Rubus ibericus. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 127:237-250. [PMID: 30914354 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the biological properties, including, the enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities, as well as, the phytochemical profile of the ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts of Rubus sanctus Schreb. and Rubus ibericus Juz. leaves were determined using in vitro bioassays. Wide range of phytochemicals, including, hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, acylquinic acids, ellagitannins, flavonoids, and triterpenoid saponins were determined using UHPLC-ESI/HRMS technique. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the studied Rubus species effectively inhibited acetyl and butyryl cholinesterase. On the other hand, R. sanctus water extract showed low inhibition against α-amylase and prominent inhibitory action against α-glucosidase. Data collected from this study reported the radical scavenging and reducing potential of the studied Rubus species. Investigation of the protective effects of the different extracts of R. sanctus and R. ibericus in experimental model of ulcerative colitis was performed. The extracts were also tested on spontaneous migration of human colon cancer cells (HCT116) in wound healing experimental paradigm. Only R. sanctus methanol extract inhibited spontaneous HCT116 migration in the wound healing test. Our results suggested that R. sanctus and R. ibericus may be potential candidates as sources of biologically-active compounds for the development of nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and/or cosmetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Ismail Senkardes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reneta Gevrenova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy.
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | | | - Kannan Rr Rengasamy
- Department of Bio-resources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Stegemann A, Böhm M. Tropisetron via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor suppresses tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated cell responses of human keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:276-282. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agatha Stegemann
- Department of Dermatology; University of Münster; Münster Germany
| | - Markus Böhm
- Department of Dermatology; University of Münster; Münster Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ferrante C, Recinella L, Ronci M, Menghini L, Brunetti L, Chiavaroli A, Leone S, Di Iorio L, Carradori S, Tirillini B, Angelini P, Covino S, Venanzoni R, Orlando G. Multiple pharmacognostic characterization on hemp commercial cultivars: Focus on inflorescence water extract activity. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 125:452-461. [PMID: 30711720 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the most promising economic perspectives of hemp production chain is female inflorescence valorization, despite there being actually no chemical composition or biological data from water fraction. In this context, the focus of this study is the evaluation of protective effects related to hemp water flower extracts from four commercial cultivars (Futura 75, Kc virtus, Carmagnola Cs and Villanova). We evaluated the phytochemical profile through validated spectrophotometric and HPLC methods. Then, we studied the biological activity on C2C12 and HCT116 cell lines, and in an ex vivo experimental model of ulcerative colitis, constituted by isolated LPS-stimulated colon. Particularly, we assayed the blunting effects induced by hemp water extract treatment on LPS-induced levels of nitrites, malondialdehyde (MDA), prostaglandin (PG)E2 and serotonin (5-HT). All tested cultivars displayed similar total phenolic and flavonoid profile. However, Futura 75 water extract displayed a better antioxidant and anti-inflammatory profile. Considering this, Futura 75 extract activity has been subsequently assayed on bacterial and fungal species involved in ulcerative colitis, finding a significant inhibition on C. albicans and selected Gram positive and negative bacterial strains. Concluding, our results support the potential efficacy of hemp inflorescence water extracts in managing the clinical symptoms related to ulcerative colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy.
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Iorio
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Bruno Tirillini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Italy
| | - Paola Angelini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Covino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Venanzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zengin G, Ferrante C, Menghini L, Orlando G, Brunetti L, Recinella L, Chiavaroli A, Leone S, Ronci M, Aumeeruddy MZ, Mahomoodally MF. Protective effects of Cotoneaster integerrimus on in vitro and ex-vivo models of H 2 O 2 -induced lactate dehydrogenase activity in HCT116 cell and on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in rat colon. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12766. [PMID: 31353569 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the biological potential of methanol and aqueous extracts of the twigs and fruits of Cotoneaster integerrimus Medik. Lethality bioassays performed on Artemia salina showed that aqueous and methanol C. integerrimus extracts were non-toxic in the concentration range (0.1-20 mg/ml), with a LC50 ≥ 2.5 mg/ml, for each single extract. The protective effect of the extracts was assessed in vitro against hydrogen peroxide-induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α gene expression in colon cancer HCT116 cell line. All the extracts downregulated (H2 O2 )-induced TNFα gene expression, in HCT116. By contrast, it was observed that the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced increase in colon nitrite, prostaglandin E2 , and 8-iso-PGF2α levels were counteracted mostly by the methanol twig extract. The present study showed protective effects induced by C. integerrimus in vitro and ex vivo, thus supporting potential application in the management of chronic inflammatory diseases. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In the present study, protective effects of C. integerrimus are highlighted using in vitro and ex-vivo models of hydrogen peroxide-induced LDH activity in HCT116 cell and on LPS-induced inflammation in rat colon. Based on our results, this edible and traditionally used species could be considered as a valuable source of natural agents to combat inflammatory diseases, particularly ulcerative colitis. Results amassed herein advocates for further bioprospection of this species that could open new avenues for the development of nutraceuticals and functional foods geared toward the management of chronic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Zengin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fakhraei N, Javadian N, Rahimian R, Nili F, Rahimi N, Hashemizadeh S, Dehpour AR. Involvement of central opioid receptors in protective effects of methadone on experimental colitis in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 26:1399-1413. [PMID: 30318564 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0538-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are several lines of evidence on the protective roles of opioids in gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions. This study aims to distinguish the central and peripheral roles of methadone, a non-selective opioid receptor agonist, in an acute model of ulcerative colitis in male rats. METHODS Ulcerative colitis was induced by intrarectal administration of acetic acid 4%. Methadone was injected subcutaneously (s.c.), 5 and 10 mg/kg, and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.), 50 and 300 ng/rat. Opioid antagonists were employed. Methylnaltrexone (MNTX; 5 mg/kg, i.p.), a peripherally acting opioid receptor antagonist, and naltrexone (NTX; 5 mg/kg, i.p. and 10 ng/rat, i.c.v.), a peripherally and centrally acting opioid receptor antagonist were injected before methadone (10 mg/kg, s.c. and or 300 ng/rat, i.c.v.) administration. NTX (5 mg/kg, i.p. and 10 ng/rat, i.c.v.) were administered 30 min prior to administration of methadone (10 mg/kg, s.c. and 300 ng/rat, i.c.v.), respectively. MNTX (5 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected 30 min prior to methadone (10 mg/kg, s.c.). Seventy-two hours following colitis induction, macroscopic and microscopic mucosal lesions, and the colonic levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were determined. RESULTS Methadone (300 ng/rat, i.c.v.) and Methadone (5 and 10 mg/kg, s.c.) improved the macroscopic and microscopic scores through opioid receptors. Also, a significant reduction in TNF-α and IL-1β was observed. Peripherally and centrally injected NTX significantly reversed methadone 10 mg/kg s.c. anti-inflammatory effects while MNTX could not completely reverse this effect. Moreover, centrally administered methadone (300 ng/rat) showed the anti-inflammatory effect which was reversed by central administration of NTX (10 ng/rat). CONCLUSIONS The opioid receptors mainly the central opioid receptors may mediate the protective actions of methadone on the experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease in rat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Fakhraei
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nina Javadian
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Rahimian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Nili
- Department of Pathology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Rahimi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Hashemizadeh
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mikawa S, Kondo M, Kaji N, Mihara T, Yoshitake R, Nakagawa T, Takamoto M, Nishimura R, Shimada S, Ozaki H, Hori M. Serotonin 3 receptor signaling regulates 5-fluorouracil-mediated apoptosis indirectly via TNF-α production by enhancing serotonin release from enterochromaffin cells. FASEB J 2018; 33:1669-1680. [PMID: 30207796 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701200rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antagonists of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) 3 receptor (5-HT3R) have anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities, but the detailed, underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We focused on anti-apoptotic activities via 5-HT3R signaling to clarify the underlying mechanisms. Mice were administered 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which induced apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells. Coadministration with 5-HT3R antagonists or agonists tended to decrease or increase the number of apoptotic cells, respectively. In serotonin 3A receptor (5-HT3AR) null (HTR3A-/-) mice, the number of apoptotic cells induced by 5-FU was decreased compared with that in wild-type (WT) mice. Bone marrow (BM) transplantation was performed to determine if BM-derived immune cells regulated 5-FU-induced apoptosis, but they were found to be unrelated to this process. Data from 5-HT3AR/enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter mice revealed that 50% of enterochromaffin (EC) cells expressed 5-HT3AR, but the number of apoptotic cells induced by 5-FU in the intestinal crypt organoids of HTR3A-/- mice was not altered compared with WT mice. In contrast, plasma 5-HT concentrations in WT mice but not in HTR3A-/- mice administered 5-FU were increased significantly. In conclusion, 5-HT3R signaling may enhance 5-HT release, possibly from EC cells intravascularly, or paracrine, resulting in increases in plasma 5-HT concentration, which in turn, enhances apoptotic activities induced by 5-FU.-Mikawa, S., Kondo, M., Kaji, N., Mihara, T., Yoshitake, R., Nakagawa, T., Takamoto, M., Nishimura, R., Shimada, S., Ozaki, H., Hori, M. Serotonin 3 receptor signaling regulates 5-fluorouracil-mediated apoptosis indirectly via TNF-α production by enhancing serotonin release from enterochromaffin cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoma Mikawa
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kondo
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kaji
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Mihara
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yoshitake
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Takamoto
- Department of Infection and Host Defense and Pathobiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nishimura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichi Shimada
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ozaki
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hori
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Seyedabadi M, Rahimian R, Ghia JE. The role of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in inflammatory bowel disease: involvement of different cellular pathways. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:161-176. [PMID: 29298542 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1420166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autonomic imbalance plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The central nervous system (CNS) cooperates dynamically with the immune system to regulate inflammation through humoral and neural pathways. In particular, acetylcholine (Ach), the main neurotransmitter in the vagus nerve, decreases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines through a mechanism dependent on the α7 nicotinic Ach receptors (α7nAChRs). Areas covered: Here, we review the evidence for involvement of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) in IBD. We also elaborate the role of α7nAChRs and subsequent cellular pathways in CAP. Finally, we review potential therapeutic implications of modulators of these receptors. Expert opinion: Alpha7nAChR modulators possess both cognitive improving and anti-inflammatory properties. Although, these agents demonstrated therapeutic benefits in experimental models, their efficacy has not always been translated in clinical trials. Thus, development of more specific α7nAChR ligands as well as more experimental studies and better controlled trials, especially in the field of IBD, are encouraged for a progress in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Seyedabadi
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine , Bushehr University of Medical Sciences , Bushehr , Iran.,b The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute , Bushehr University of Medical Sciences , Bushehr , Iran.,c Education Development Center , Bushehr University of Medical Sciences , Bushehr , Iran
| | - Reza Rahimian
- d Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine , CERVO Brain Research Center, Laval University , Quebec , Quebec , Canada
| | - Jean-Eric Ghia
- e Department of Immunology , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada.,f Department of Internal Medicine Section of Gastroenterology, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical & Research Center , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Coates MD, Tekin I, Vrana KE, Mawe GM. Review article: the many potential roles of intestinal serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) signalling in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 46:569-580. [PMID: 28737264 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is an important mediator of every major gut-related function. Recent investigations also suggest that 5-HT can influence the development and severity of inflammation within the gut, particularly in the setting of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). AIM To review the roles that the intestinal serotonin signalling system plays in gut function, with a specific focus on IBD. METHODS We reviewed manuscripts from 1952 to 2017 that investigated and discussed roles for 5-HT signalling in gastrointestinal function and IBD, as well as the influence of inflammation on 5-HT signalling elements within the gut. RESULTS Inflammation appears to affect every major element of intestinal 5-HT signalling, including 5-HT synthesis, release, receptor expression and reuptake capacity. Importantly, many studies (most utilising animal models) also demonstrate that modulation of selective serotonergic receptors (via agonism of 5-HT4 R and antagonism of 5-HT3 R) or 5-HT signal termination (via serotonin reuptake inhibitors) can alter the likelihood and severity of intestinal inflammation and/or its complicating symptoms. However, there are few human studies that have studied these relationships in a targeted manner. CONCLUSIONS Insights discussed in this review have strong potential to lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic tools to improve the management of IBD and other related disorders. Specifically, strategies that focus on modifying the activity of selective serotonin receptors and reuptake transporters in the gut could be effective for controlling disease activity and/or its associated symptoms. Further studies in humans are required, however, to more completely understand the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the roles of 5-HT in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Coates
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - I Tekin
- Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - K E Vrana
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - G M Mawe
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
El-Salhy M, Solomon T, Hausken T, Gilja OH, Hatlebakk JG. Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine peptides/amines in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:5068-5085. [PMID: 28811704 PMCID: PMC5537176 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i28.5068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic recurrent condition whose etiology is unknown, and it includes ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and microscopic colitis. These three diseases differ in clinical manifestations, courses, and prognoses. IBD reduces the patients’ quality of life and is an economic burden to both the patients and society. Interactions between the gastrointestinal (GI) neuroendocrine peptides/amines (NEPA) and the immune system are believed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of IBD. Moreover, the interaction between GI NEPA and intestinal microbiota appears to play also a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of IBD. This review summarizes the available data on GI NEPA in IBD, and speculates on their possible role in the pathophysiology and the potential use of this information when developing treatments. GI NEPA serotonin, the neuropeptide Y family, and substance P are proinflammatory, while the chromogranin/secretogranin family, vasoactive intestinal peptide, somatostatin, and ghrelin are anti-inflammatory. Several innate and adaptive immune cells express these NEPA and/or have receptors to them. The GI NEPA are affected in patients with IBD and in animal models of human IBD. The GI NEPA are potentially useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of the activity of IBD, and are candidate targets for treatments of this disease.
Collapse
|
38
|
Protective effects of tropisetron on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:589-595. [PMID: 28686973 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) causes morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of tropisetron against AP induced by cerulein. Cerulein (50μg/kg, 5 doses) was used to induce AP in mice. Six hours after final cerulein injection, animals were decapitated. Hepatic/pancreatic enzymes in the serum, pancreatic content of malondialdehyde (MDA), pro-inflammatory cytokines and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured. Tropisetron significantly attenuated pancreatic injury markers and decreased the amount of elevated serum amylase, lipase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), MPO activities and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels caused by AP in mice. Tropisetron didn't affect the pancreatic levels of MDA. Our results suggest that tropisetron could attenuate cerulein-induced AP by combating inflammatory signaling. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm its efficacy in patients with AP.
Collapse
|
39
|
Aminzadeh A. Protective effect of tropisetron on high glucose induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in PC12 cells: roles of JNK, P38 MAPKs, and mitochondria pathway. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:819-826. [PMID: 28243846 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-9976-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tropisetron, a selective 5-HT3 receptor (5-HT3R) antagonist, is widely used to counteract chemotherapy-induced emesis. There is growing interest concerning the beneficial effects of tropisetron on the treatment of several diseases. This study was carried out to examine effects of tropisetron on high glucose (HG) induced apoptosis in PC12 cells as a suitable culture model for studying neuronal functions. Apoptosis was induced by HG, and cells were treated with HG in the absence and presence of tropisetron for varying periods of time. The viability of PC12 cells was measured by MTT assay. The ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and total antioxidant power (TAP) were measured. The expressions of proapoptotic Bax, antiapoptotic Bcl-2, caspase-3, total and phosphorylated JNK and P38 MAPKs were also examined by western blotting. The results indicated that pretreatment with tropisetron significantly improved the viability of the cells and protected PC12 cells against HG induced apoptotic cell death. It could increase the concentrations of TAP. HG induced ROS generation, Bax expression and caspase 3 activation, were prevented by tropisetron. HG also induced activation of JNK and P38 MAPKs. The phosphorylation of these kinases was inhibited by tropisetron. It may be concluded that tropisetron treatment protects PC12 cells against HG-induced apoptosis by preventing JNK, P38 activation and mitochondrial pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Aminzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Locatelli M, Ferrante C, Carradori S, Secci D, Leporini L, Chiavaroli A, Leone S, Recinella L, Orlando G, Martinotti S, Brunetti L, Vacca M, Menghini L. Optimization of Aqueous Extraction and Biological Activity of Harpagophytum procumbens Root on Ex Vivo Rat Colon Inflammatory Model. Phytother Res 2017; 31:937-944. [PMID: 28447368 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Harpagophytum procumbens has a long story of use for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Considering both the antiinflammatory effects of H. procumbens in multiple tissues and the stability of harpagoside in artificial intestinal fluid, the aim of the present study was to explore the possible protective role of a microwave-assisted aqueous Harpagophytum extract (1-1000 μg/mL) on mouse myoblast C2C12 and human colorectal adenocarcinoma HCT116 cell lines, and isolated rat colon specimens challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a validated ex vivo model of acute ulcerative colitis. In this context, we evaluated the effects on C2C12 and HCT116 viability, and on LPS-induced production of serotonin (5-HT), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, prostaglandin (PG)E2 and 8-iso-prostaglandin (8-iso-PG)F2α . Harpagophytum extract was well tolerated by C2C12 cells, while reduced HCT116 colon cancer cell viability. On the other hand, Harpagophytum extract reduced H2 O2 -induced (1 mM) reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, in both cell lines, and inhibited LPS-induced colon production of PGE2 , 8-iso-PGF2α , 5-HT and TNFα. Concluding, we demonstrated the efficacy of a microwave-assisted Harpagophytum aqueous extract in modulating the inflammatory, oxidative stress and immune response in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), thus suggesting a rational use of Harpagophytum in the management and prevention of ulcerative colitis in humans. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Daniela Secci
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Lidia Leporini
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Martinotti
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michele Vacca
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tropisetron Protects Against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury via Suppressing Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Modulating the Activation of JNK/ERK MAPK Pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1952947. [PMID: 27891510 PMCID: PMC5116490 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1952947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. To investigate the protective effects of tropisetron on acetaminophen- (APAP-) induced liver injury in a mice model. Methods. C57BL/6 male mice were given tropisetron (0.3 to 10 mg/kg) 30 minutes before a hepatotoxic dose of acetaminophen (300 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Twenty hours after APAP intoxication, sera alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, hepatic myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and liver histopathological changes were examined. The MAP kinases were also detected by western blotting. Results. Our results showed that tropisetron pretreatment significantly attenuated the acute elevations of the liver enzyme ALT level, hepatic MPO activity, and hepatocytes necrosis in a dose-dependent manner (0.3-10 mg/kg) in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity mice. Tropisetron (1 and 3 mg/kg) suppressed APAP-induced hepatic lipid peroxidation expression and alleviated GSH and SOD depletion. Administration of tropisetron also attenuated the phosphorylation of c-Jun-NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) caused by APAP. Conclusion. Our data demonstrated that tropisetron's hepatoprotective effect was in part correlated with the antioxidant, which were mediated via JNK and ERK pathways on acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice.
Collapse
|
42
|
Satish Kumar CSV, Kondal Reddy K, Boobalan G, Gopala Reddy A, Sudha Rani Chowdhary CH, Vinoth A, Jayakanth K, Srinivasa Rao G. Immunomodulatory effects of Bifidobacterium bifidum 231 on trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Res Vet Sci 2016; 110:40-46. [PMID: 28159236 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are two important chronic Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) characterized by prominent intestinal inflammation. Probiotics are the bacteria that promote the host health by its immunomodulatory activity. The present study investigated the correlation between in vitro adhesion and immunomodulatory properties, and to assess the therapeutic potential of Bifidobacterium bifidum 231 (BIF 231), a new strain of probiotic in ulcerative colitis in rats. METHODS In vitro adhesion assays and immunomodulatory effect of BIF 231 on interleukins (IL-1β and IL-10) in IEC-6 cell lines were quantified by gram staining, scanning electron microscopy and q-PCR respectively. Colitis was induced by intra-rectal instillation of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Colitis was evaluated by alterations in colon gross morphology, histologically and biochemically. Colonic interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA and protein expression were assessed by q-PCR, ELISA and western blot. RESULTS BIF 231 showed better adhesion and immunomodulation by up-regulating IL-10 levels in IEC-6 cell lines. In vivo studies with treatment of BIF 231 (1.4×1011 CFU/rat/day) revealed anti-inflammatory effects both macroscopically and histologically. BIF 231 lowered TBARS, nitric oxide and augmented GSH levels. BIF 231 treatment to colitic rats down regulated IL-1β levels with concurrent increase in IL-10 levels. CONCLUSIONS BIF 231 exerted beneficial in vitro adhesion and immunomodulatory properties which facilitated the recovery of the damaged tissue in TNBS-induced colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C S V Satish Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India.
| | - K Kondal Reddy
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India.
| | - G Boobalan
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India.
| | - A Gopala Reddy
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India.
| | - C H Sudha Rani Chowdhary
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram 521102, India.
| | - A Vinoth
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Breeding, Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India.
| | - K Jayakanth
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India.
| | - G Srinivasa Rao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram 521102, India.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The acute phase of IBD with inflamed gut and often ulcerated mucosa is clearly different from the apparently normal mucosa characteristic of IBS. However, more detailed assessment has detected immune activation, increased gut permeability, increased mucosal serotonin availability, abnormalities of enteric nerve structure and function, and dysbiosis in gut microbiota in IBS - all features seen in IBD. Furthermore, as treatments for inflammation in IBD have become more effective it is now apparent that ∼1 in 3 patients with IBD in remission from inflammation still have persistent abnormalities of sensation, motility and gut microbiota, which might cause IBS-like symptoms. This Perspective explores the overlap between IBS and IBD and their treatments, proposing future directions for research in this stimulating area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Spiller
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and The University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, E Floor West Block, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Giles Major
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and The University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, E Floor West Block, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rahimian R, Zirak MR, Keshavarz M, Fakhraei N, Mohammadi-Farani A, Hamdi H, Mousavizadeh K. Involvement of PPARγ in the protective action of tropisetron in an experimental model of ulcerative colitis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2016; 38:432-440. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2016.1231202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rahimian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Mohammad Reza Zirak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Keshavarz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nahid Fakhraei
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mohammadi-Farani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medical Services, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hanan Hamdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Mousavizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Massironi S, Zilli A, Cavalcoli F, Conte D, Peracchi M. Chromogranin A and other enteroendocrine markers in inflammatory bowel disease. Neuropeptides 2016; 58:127-34. [PMID: 26804239 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the distribution and products of enteroendocrine cells may play a role in immune activation and regulation of gut inflammation. This review aims at critically evaluating the main enteroendocrine markers in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). A narrative review was performed by searching inflammatory bowel diseases and enteroendocrine biomarkers in PubMed. Relevant modifications of some enteroendocrine markers, such as Chromogranin A, and their correlation with disease activity have been reported in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Even if data about neuroendocrine markers are sometimes contrasting, they may be potentially useful for the diagnosis and clinical management of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Massironi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Zilli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; Postgraduate School of Gastroenterology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Federica Cavalcoli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; Postgraduate School of Gastroenterology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Dario Conte
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; Postgraduate School of Gastroenterology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Peracchi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; Postgraduate School of Gastroenterology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Fatani AJ, Alrojayee FS, Parmar MY, Abuohashish HM, Ahmed MM, Al-Rejaie SS. Myrrh attenuates oxidative and inflammatory processes in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:730-738. [PMID: 27446268 PMCID: PMC4950638 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) has been associated with a weakened antioxidant capacity and increased inflammatory processes. Myrrh is traditionally used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of myrrh on an experimental rat model of UC. UC was induced in rats using acetic acid (AA) after pre-treatment with myrrh (125, 250 or 500 mg/kg/day) or mesalazine (MES; 300 mg/kg/day) for 7 days. The levels of various inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO) in the rat colon tissues were assessed. In addition, the colonic levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and non-protein sulfhydryl groups (NP-SH), as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were estimated. Furthermore, total protein (TP) contents and the levels of DNA and RNA were measured, and histopathological changes in colonic tissues were analyzed. The results indicated that the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, PGE2, NO and TBARS were markedly increased. By contrast, the levels of interleukin-10, NP-SH, TP and nucleic acids, and the enzymatic activities of SOD and CAT were significantly decreased in the AA model group. In addition, pretreatment with myrrh and MES was able to attenuate the impaired oxidative stress response and upregulation of inflammatory biomarkers. Furthermore, the enzymatic activities of SOD and CAT were near to normal in the myrrh and MES pretreated groups. The ability of myrrh to protect against UC was further confirmed by histopathological analysis, and the high dose of myrrh exerted an effect comparable to MES. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that myrrh has potent therapeutic value in the amelioration of experimental colitis in laboratory animals by downregulating the expression of proinflammatory mediators and improving endogenous antioxidative activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Jamil Fatani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Salih Alrojayee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Al Maareefa Colleges, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mihir Yogeshkumar Parmar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem Mustafa Abuohashish
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Mahboobuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Salih Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Menghini L, Ferrante C, Leporini L, Recinella L, Chiavaroli A, Leone S, Pintore G, Vacca M, Orlando G, Brunetti L. An Hydroalcoholic Chamomile Extract Modulates Inflammatory and Immune Response in HT29 Cells and Isolated Rat Colon. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1513-8. [PMID: 27237110 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic disorders characterized by disruption and ulceration of the colonic mucosa or of any part of the digestive tract (Crohn's disease). Antioxidant/anti-inflammatory herbal extract supplementation could represent an innovative approach to contrast IBDs. Clinical trials demonstrated the efficacy of natural formulas, containing chamomile, in patients with gastrointestinal disorders. This is consistent, albeit in part, with the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of chamomile. The aim of the present study was to explore the possible protective role of a chamomile extract, on human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT29 cell, and rat colon specimens treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce an inflammatory stimulus, a well established model of acute ulcerative colitis. In this context, the activities of different biomarkers of inflammation and lipid peroxidation such as ROS, myeloperoxidase (MPO), serotonin (5-HT), prostaglandin (PG)E2 , 8-iso-prostaglandin (8-iso-PG)F2α , NF-kB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and interleukin (IL)-6 were assessed. We found that chamomile extract was as effective as sulfasalazine (2 mg/ml) in reducing the production of MPO, 5-HT, IL-6, NF-kB, TNFα, PGE2 and 8-iso-PGF2α , after inflammatory stimulus. The observed modulatory effects support a rationale use of chamomile supplementation as a promising pharmacological tool for the prevention and management of ulcerative colitis in humans. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Menghini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università 'G. D'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università 'G. D'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lidia Leporini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università 'G. D'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università 'G. D'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università 'G. D'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università 'G. D'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pintore
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Via Muroni 23, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Michele Vacca
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università 'G. D'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università 'G. D'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università 'G. D'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Utsumi D, Matsumoto K, Amagase K, Horie S, Kato S. 5-HT3 receptors promote colonic inflammation via activation of substance P/neurokinin-1 receptors in dextran sulphate sodium-induced murine colitis. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1835-49. [PMID: 26990520 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 5-HT (serotonin) regulates various physiological functions, both directly and via enteric neurons. The present study investigated the role of endogenous 5-HT and 5-HT3 receptors in the pathogenic mechanisms involved in colonic inflammation, especially in relation to substance P (SP) and the neurokinin-1 (NK1 ) receptor. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of 5-HT3 and NK1 receptor antagonists were examined in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Inflammatory mediator expression and the distribution of 5-HT3 and NK1 receptors were also determined. KEY RESULTS Daily administration of ramosetron and ondansetron (5-HT3 antagonists) dose-dependently attenuated the severity of DSS-induced colitis and up-regulation of inflammatory mediator expression. Immunohistochemical analysis showed 5-HT3 receptors are mainly expressed in vesicular ACh transporter-positive cholinergic nerve fibres in normal colon. DSS increased the number of colonic nerve fibres that were double positive for 5-HT3 receptors and SP but not of those that were double positive for 5-HT3 receptors and vesicular ACh transporter. DSS increased colonic SP levels and SP-positive nerve fibres; these responses were attenuated by ramosetron. DSS-induced colitis and up-regulation of inflammatory mediators were attenuated by aprepitant, an NK1 antagonist. Immunohistochemical studies further revealed that DSS treatment markedly increased NK1 receptor expression in CD11b-positive cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings indicate that the 5-HT/5-HT3 receptor and SP/NK1 receptor pathways play pathogenic roles in colonic inflammation. 5-HT acts via 5-HT3 receptors to up-regulate inflammatory mediators and promote colonic inflammation. These effects may be further mediated by activation of macrophage NK1 receptors via SP released from 5-HT3 receptor-positive nerve fibres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Utsumi
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Matsumoto
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kikuko Amagase
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Syunji Horie
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kato
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tropisetron suppresses colitis-associated cancer in a mouse model in the remission stage. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 36:9-16. [PMID: 27104313 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a high risk for development of colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Serotonin is a neurotransmitter produced by enterochromaffin cells of the intestine. Serotonin and its receptors, mainly 5-HT3 receptor, are overexpressed in IBD and promote development of CAC through production of inflammatory cytokines. In the present study, we demonstrated the in vivo activity of tropisetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, against experimental CAC. CAC was induced by azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DDS) in BALB/c mice. The histopathology of colon tissue was performed. Beta-catenin and Cox-2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry as well as quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). Alterations in the expression of 5-HT3 receptor and inflammatory-associated genes such as Il-1β, Tnf-α, Tlr4 and Myd88 were determined by qRT-PCR. Our results showed that tumor development in tropisetron-treated CAC group was significantly lower than the controls. The qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression of 5-HT3 receptor was significantly increased following CAC induction. In addition, tropisetron reduced expression of β-catenin and Cox-2 in the CAC experimental group. The levels of Il-1β, Tnf-α, Tlr4 and Myd88 were significantly decreased upon tropisetron treatment in the AOM/DSS group. Taken together, our data show that tropisetron inhibits development of CAC probably by attenuation of inflammatory reactions in the colitis.
Collapse
|
50
|
Fatani AJ, Al-Hosaini KA, Ahmed MM, Abuohashish HM, Parmar MY, Al-Rejaie SS. Carvedilol attenuates inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress in a rat model of ulcerative colitis. Drug Dev Res 2016; 76:204-14. [PMID: 26109469 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research This study evaluated the effects of the carvedilol, a nonselective β-adrenoceptor anatgonist with α1-adrenoceptor antagonist activity, in a rat model of experimentally induced ulcerative colitis (UC). UC was produced using acetic acid (AA) in animals previously treated with carvedilol (30 mg/kg po, qd) for seven days. Mucus content, lipid peroxidation (LPO) products, sulfhydryl groups, antioxidant enzyme activities, proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide levels were measured in colonic tissues and histopathological changes were assessed. LPO and proinflammatory biomarkers were markedly increased, while mucus content, sulfhydryl groups and enzymatic activities were inhibited in animals administered AA. Pretreatment with carvedilol attenuated LPO elevation, mucus content and sulfhydryl group inhibitions. Antioxidant enzymatic activity and proinflammatory biomarker levels were also restored in carvedilol-pretreated animals. Colonic protection associated with carvedilol pretreatment was further confirmed by histopathological assessment and found to be similar to the standard therapy of mesalazine (100 mg/kg po qd), suggesting that the effects of carvedilol action may be attributable to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal J Fatani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11544, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled A Al-Hosaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11544, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11544, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem M Abuohashish
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11544, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mihir Y Parmar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11544, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim S Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11544, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|