1
|
Abouelezz A, Almeida-Souza L. The mammalian endocytic cytoskeleton. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
|
2
|
AML displays increased CTCF occupancy associated with aberrant gene expression and transcription factor binding. Blood 2021; 136:339-352. [PMID: 32232485 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019002326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is a key regulator of gene expression through organization of the chromatin structure. Still, it is unclear how CTCF binding is perturbed in leukemia or in cancer in general. We studied CTCF binding by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing in cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and in normal bone marrow (NBM) in the context of gene expression, DNA methylation, and azacitidine exposure. CTCF binding was increased in AML compared with NBM. Aberrant CTCF binding was enriched for motifs for key myeloid transcription factors such as CEBPA, PU.1, and RUNX1. AML with TET2 mutations was characterized by a particularly strong gain of CTCF binding, highly enriched for gain in promoter regions, while AML in general was enriched for changes at enhancers. There was a strong anticorrelation between CTCF binding and DNA methylation. Gain of CTCF occupancy was associated with increased gene expression; however, the genomic location (promoter vs distal regions) and enrichment of motifs (for repressing vs activating cofactors) were decisive for the gene expression pattern. Knockdown of CTCF in K562 cells caused loss of CTCF binding and transcriptional repression of genes with changed CTCF binding in AML, as well as loss of RUNX1 binding at RUNX1/CTCF-binding sites. In addition, CTCF knockdown caused increased differentiation. Azacitidine exposure caused major changes in CTCF occupancy in AML patient cells, partly by restoring a CTCF-binding pattern similar to NBM. We conclude that AML displays an aberrant increase in CTCF occupancy that targets key genes for AML development and impacts gene expression.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kotwica-Mojzych K, Jodłowska-Jędrych B, Mojzych M. CD200:CD200R Interactions and Their Importance in Immunoregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041602. [PMID: 33562512 PMCID: PMC7915401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecule CD200, described many years ago as a naturally occurring immunomodulatory agent, capable of regulating inflammation and transplant rejection, has attracted additional interest over the past years with the realization that it may also serve as an important marker for progressive malignancy. A large body of evidence also supports the hypothesis that this molecule can contribute to immunoregulation of, among other diseases, infection, autoimmune disease and allergy. New data have also come to light to characterize the receptors for CD200 (CD200R) and their potential mechanism(s) of action at the biochemical level, as well as the description of a novel natural antagonist of CD200, lacking the NH2-terminal region of the full-length molecule. Significant controversies exist concerning the relative importance of CD200 as a ligand for all reported CD200Rs. Nevertheless, some progress has been made in the identification of the structural constraints determining the interaction between CD200 and CD200R, and this information has in turn proved of use in developing novel small molecule agonists/antagonists of the interaction. The review below highlights many of these newer findings, and attempts to place them in the broad context of our understanding of the role of CD200-CD200R interactions in a variety of human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kotwica-Mojzych
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara Jodłowska-Jędrych
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Mojzych
- Department of Chemistry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 3 Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arons E, Zhou H, Sokolsky M, Gorelik D, Potocka K, Davies S, Fykes E, Still K, Edelman DC, Wang Y, Meltzer PS, Raffeld M, Wiestner A, Xi L, Wang HW, Stetler-Stevenson M, Yuan C, Kreitman RJ. Expression of the muscle-associated gene MYF6 in hairy cell leukemia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227586. [PMID: 32040482 PMCID: PMC7010284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a purine analog-responsive B-cell malignancy containing the BRAF V600E mutation, expressing CD22, CD11c, CD103, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) CD25, CD123, and annexin 1A. BRAF V600E and the latter 4 markers are usually absent in the more aggressive and chemoresistant variant HCLv. To evaluate differences between HCL and HCLv, expression microarrays comparing HCL with HCLv were performed for 24694 genes using 47323 probes. Microarray data from 35 HCL and 27 HCLv purified samples showed the greatest HCL-HCLv difference in the muscle-associated gene MYF6, expressed by its 2 probes 18.5- and 10.8-fold higher in HCL than HCLv (p<0.0001). By real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR), 100% of 152 classic HCL samples were MYF6-positive, vs 5 (6%) of 90 blood donors. MYF6-expression was also detected in 18 (35%) of 51 with HCLv, 11 (92%) of 12 with HCL expressing unmutated IGHV4-34, 35 (73%) of 48 with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and 1 (8%) of 12 with mantle cell lymphoma. Hypomethylation status of MYF6 supported expression in HCL more than HCLv. Posttreatment blood samples becoming negative by flow cytometry remained MYF6+ by RQ-PCR in 42 (48%) of 87 HCL patients, and MYF6 RQ-PCR could detect 1 HCL in 105 normal cells. MYF6, universally expressed in HCL and in most CLL samples, may be a useful biomarker for these leukemias. Further studies are underway to determine the role of MYF6 in HCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Arons
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD , United States of America
| | - Hong Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD , United States of America
| | - Mark Sokolsky
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD , United States of America
| | - Daniel Gorelik
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD , United States of America
| | - Katherine Potocka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD , United States of America
| | - Sarah Davies
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD , United States of America
| | - Erin Fykes
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD , United States of America
| | - Katherine Still
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD , United States of America
| | - Daniel C. Edelman
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Paul S. Meltzer
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Mark Raffeld
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Adrian Wiestner
- Laboratory of Lymphoid Malignancies, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Liqiang Xi
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Hao-Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Constance Yuan
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Kreitman
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD , United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lizák B, Szarka A, Kim Y, Choi KS, Németh CE, Marcolongo P, Benedetti A, Bánhegyi G, Margittai É. Glucose Transport and Transporters in the Endomembranes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235898. [PMID: 31771288 PMCID: PMC6929180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose is a basic nutrient in most of the creatures; its transport through biological membranes is an absolute requirement of life. This role is fulfilled by glucose transporters, mediating the transport of glucose by facilitated diffusion or by secondary active transport. GLUT (glucose transporter) or SLC2A (Solute carrier 2A) families represent the main glucose transporters in mammalian cells, originally described as plasma membrane transporters. Glucose transport through intracellular membranes has not been elucidated yet; however, glucose is formed in the lumen of various organelles. The glucose-6-phosphatase system catalyzing the last common step of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis generates glucose within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Posttranslational processing of the oligosaccharide moiety of glycoproteins also results in intraluminal glucose formation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi. Autophagic degradation of polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids leads to glucose accumulation in lysosomes. Despite the obvious necessity, the mechanism of glucose transport and the molecular nature of mediating proteins in the endomembranes have been hardly elucidated for the last few years. However, recent studies revealed the intracellular localization and functional features of some glucose transporters; the aim of the present paper was to summarize the collected knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Lizák
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (B.L.); (C.E.N.); (G.B.)
| | - András Szarka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Yejin Kim
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Y.K.); (K.-s.C.)
| | - Kyu-sung Choi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Y.K.); (K.-s.C.)
| | - Csilla E. Németh
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (B.L.); (C.E.N.); (G.B.)
| | - Paola Marcolongo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (P.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Angelo Benedetti
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (P.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Gábor Bánhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (B.L.); (C.E.N.); (G.B.)
| | - Éva Margittai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Y.K.); (K.-s.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-459-1500 (ext. 60311); Fax: +36-1-2662615
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Endocytic Adaptor Proteins in Health and Disease: Lessons from Model Organisms and Human Mutations. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111345. [PMID: 31671891 PMCID: PMC6912373 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells need to exchange material and information with their environment. This is largely achieved via cell-surface receptors which mediate processes ranging from nutrient uptake to signaling responses. Consequently, their surface levels have to be dynamically controlled. Endocytosis constitutes a powerful mechanism to regulate the surface proteome and to recycle vesicular transmembrane proteins that strand at the plasma membrane after exocytosis. For efficient internalization, the cargo proteins need to be linked to the endocytic machinery via adaptor proteins such as the heterotetrameric endocytic adaptor complex AP-2 and a variety of mostly monomeric endocytic adaptors. In line with the importance of endocytosis for nutrient uptake, cell signaling and neurotransmission, animal models and human mutations have revealed that defects in these adaptors are associated with several diseases ranging from metabolic disorders to encephalopathies. This review will discuss the physiological functions of the so far known adaptor proteins and will provide a comprehensive overview of their links to human diseases.
Collapse
|
7
|
Genetic analysis of hsCRP in American Indians: The Strong Heart Family Study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223574. [PMID: 31622379 PMCID: PMC6797125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), an important component of the innate immune response, are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have been identified which are associated with CRP levels, and Mendelian randomization studies have shown a positive association between SNPs increasing CRP expression and risk of colon cancer (but thus far not CVD). The effects of individual genetic variants often interact with the genetic background of a population and hence we sought to resolve the genetic determinants of serum CRP in a number of American Indian populations. Methods The Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS) has serum CRP measurements from 2428 tribal members, recruited as large families from three regions of the United States. Microsatellite markers and MetaboChip defined SNP genotypes were incorporated into variance components, decomposition-based linkage and association analyses. Results CRP levels exhibited significant heritability (h2 = 0.33 ± 0.05, p<1.3 X 10−20). A locus on chromosome (chr) 6, near marker D6S281 (approximately at 169.6 Mb, GRCh38/hg38) showed suggestive linkage (LOD = 1.9) to CRP levels. No individual SNPs were found associated with CRP levels after Bonferroni adjustment for multiple testing (threshold <7.77 x 10−7), however, we found nominal associations, many of which replicate previous findings at the CRP, HNF1A and 7 other loci. In addition, we report association of 46 SNPs located at 7 novel loci on chromosomes 2, 5, 6(2 loci), 9, 10 and 17, with an average of 15.3 Kb between SNPs and all with p-values less than 7.2 X 10−4. Conclusion In agreement with evidence from other populations, these data show CRP serum levels are under considerable genetic influence; and include loci, such as near CRP and other genes, that replicate results from other ethnic groups. These findings also suggest possible novel loci on chr 6 and other chromosomes that warrant further investigation.
Collapse
|
8
|
Antony F, Deantonio C, Cotella D, Soluri MF, Tarasiuk O, Raspagliesi F, Adorni F, Piazza S, Ciani Y, Santoro C, Macor P, Mezzanzanica D, Sblattero D. High-throughput assessment of the antibody profile in ovarian cancer ascitic fluids. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1614856. [PMID: 31428516 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1614856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of effective biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatments remains a challenge in ovarian cancer (OC) research. Here, we present an unbiased high-throughput approach to profile ascitic fluid autoantibodies in order to obtain a tumor-specific antigen signature in OC. We first reported the reactivity of immunoglobulins (Igs) purified from OC patient ascites towards two different OC cell lines. Using a discovery set of Igs, we selected tumor-specific antigens from a phage display cDNA library. After biopanning, 700 proteins were expressed as fusion protein and used in protein array to enable large-scale immunoscreening with independent sets of cancer and noncancerous control. Finally, the selected antigens were validated by ELISA. The initial screening identified eight antigenic clones: CREB3, MRPL46, EXOSC10, BCOR, HMGN2, HIP1R, OLFM4, and KIAA1755. These antigens were all validated by ELISA in a study involving ascitic Igs from 153 patients (69 with OC, 34 with other cancers and 50 without cancer), with CREB3 showing the highest sensitivity (86.95%) and specificity (98%). Notably, we were able to identify an association between the tumor-associated (TA) antibody response and the response to a first-line tumor treatment (platinum-based chemotherapy). A stronger association was found by combining three antigens (BCOR, CREB3, and MRLP46) as a single antibody signature. Measurement of an ascitic fluid antibody response to multiple TA antigens may aid in the identification of new prognostic signatures in OC patients and shift attention to new potentially relevant targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Antony
- Department of Health Sciences, and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Cecilia Deantonio
- Department of Health Sciences, and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Diego Cotella
- Department of Health Sciences, and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Soluri
- Department of Health Sciences, and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Olga Tarasiuk
- Department of Health Sciences, and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Fulvio Adorni
- Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvano Piazza
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Unit, Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie (LNCIB), Area Science Park Trieste, Italy
| | - Yari Ciani
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Unit, Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie (LNCIB), Area Science Park Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Santoro
- Department of Health Sciences, and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Paolo Macor
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Delia Mezzanzanica
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abruzzo LV, Herling CD, Calin GA, Oakes C, Barron LL, Banks HE, Katju V, Keating MJ, Coombes KR. Trisomy 12 chronic lymphocytic leukemia expresses a unique set of activated and targetable pathways. Haematologica 2018; 103:2069-2078. [PMID: 29976738 PMCID: PMC6269288 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.190132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although trisomy 12 (+12) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) comprises about 20% of cases, relatively little is known about its pathophysiology. These cases often demonstrate atypical morphological and immunophenotypic features, high proliferative rates, unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region genes, and a high frequency of NOTCH1 mutation. Patients with +12 CLL have an intermediate prognosis, and show higher incidences of thrombocytopenia, Richter transformation, and other secondary cancers. Despite these important differences, relatively few transcriptional profiling studies have focused on identifying dysregulated pathways that characterize +12 CLL, and most have used a hierarchical cytogenetic classification in which cases with more than one recurrent abnormality are categorized according to the abnormality with the poorest prognosis. In this study, we sought to identify protein-coding genes whose expression contributes to the unique pathophysiology of +12 CLL. To exclude the likely confounding effects of multiple cytogenetic abnormalities on gene expression, our +12 patient cohort had +12 as the sole abnormality. We profiled samples obtained from 147 treatment-naïve patients. We compared cases with +12 as the only cytogenetic abnormality to cases with only del(13q), del(11q), or diploid cytogenetics using independent discovery (n=97) and validation (n=50) sets. We demonstrate that CLL cases with +12 as the sole abnormality express a unique set of activated pathways compared to other cytogenetic subtypes. Among these pathways, we identify the NFAT signaling pathway and the immune checkpoint molecule, NT5E (CD73), which may represent new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynne V Abruzzo
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carmen D Herling
- Department I for Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Oakes
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lynn L Barron
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haley E Banks
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vikram Katju
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael J Keating
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin R Coombes
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nakamura K, Akiba J, Ogasawara S, Naito Y, Nakayama M, Abe Y, Kusukawa J, Yano H. SUOX is negatively associated with multistep carcinogenesis and proliferation in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Med Mol Morphol 2017; 51:102-110. [PMID: 29280012 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-017-0177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor in the head and neck region. The aim of this study was to identify the key molecules and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of OSCC carcinogenesis through a microarray analysis of RNA extracted from normal epithelium, dysplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma components. Out of molecules that showed changes in gene expression in the microarray analysis, we focused on Sulfite oxidase (SUOX), which correlated significantly with carcinogenic process and exhibited a stepwise decrease in expression. The expression of SUOX was evaluated in detail at the protein level using samples from 58 patients with cancer of the tongue, and correlating clinicopathological factors were also comprehensively examined. SUOX expression declined significantly from normal epithelium to dysplasia to squamous cell carcinoma components in line with carcinogenic process. With regard to squamous cell carcinoma, SUOX expression was significantly lower when T classification was high. Our findings indicated that SUOX is negatively associated with the progression and proliferation of tongue cancer, and suggest that SUOX may be a key molecule in tongue tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Jun Akiba
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan.
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan.
| | - Sachiko Ogasawara
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Naito
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Masamichi Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yushi Abe
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Jingo Kusukawa
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Yano
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hu G, Zhou Y, Zhu Y, Zhou L, Ling R, Wu D, Mi L, Wang X, Dai D, Mao C, Chen D. Novel transduction of nutrient stress to Notch pathway by RasGRP3 promotes malignant aggressiveness in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2975-2984. [PMID: 29048643 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the process of enlarging of tumors, the dissolving tissue structures and remodeling endothelial cells for restoring gas exchange and nutritional support, further facilitate tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Activation of Ras plays a critical role in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We therefore investigated whether Ras guanyl-releasing protein 3 (RasGRP3), a Ras activator, could promote metastasis by inducing vascular regeneration and further epithelial-mesenchymal transition under nutrient stress (NS). In the present study, we explored that the accumulation of RasGRP3 regulated vascular endothelial growth factor-A production, co-stimulated Notch pathway with high expression of Notch intracellular domain (NICD) and Hes1. Moreover, ESCC cells under NS increased the expression of vimentin, Snail, Slug and MMP9 proteins; while inhibition of Notch activation by DAPT (a γ-secretase inhibitor) or RasGRP3-targeted RNA interference prevented from the effect. In conclusion, these findings provide a new insight into the upregulation of RasGRP3 involved in Notch pathway activation in the development of ESCC, especially under nutrient deprivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Hu
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yuepeng Zhou
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Rui Ling
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Lei Mi
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Dongfang Dai
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Chaoming Mao
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Deyu Chen
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bogusz AM, Bagg A. Genetic aberrations in small B-cell lymphomas and leukemias: molecular pathology, clinical relevance and therapeutic targets. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 57:1991-2013. [PMID: 27121112 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2016.1173212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Small B-cell lymphomas and leukemias (SBCLs) are a clinically, morphologically, immunophenotypically and genetically heterogeneous group of clonal lymphoid neoplasms, including entities such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL), marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and hairy cell leukemia (HCL). The pathogenesis of some of these lymphoid malignancies is characterized by distinct translocations, for example t(11;14) in the majority of cases of MCL and t(14;18) in most cases of FL, whereas other entities are associated with a variety of recurrent but nonspecific numeric chromosomal abnormalities, as exemplified by del(13q14), del(11q22), and +12 in CLL, and yet others such as LPL and HCL that lack recurrent or specific cytogenetic aberrations. The recent surge in next generation sequencing (NGS) technology has shed more light on the genetic landscape of SBCLs through characterization of numerous driver mutations including SF3B1 and NOTCH1 in CLL, ATM and CCND1 in MCL, KMT2D and EPHA7 in FL, MYD88 (L265P) in LPL, KLF2 and NOTCH2 in splenic MZL (SMZL) and BRAF (V600E) in HCL. The identification of distinct genetic lesions not only provides greater insight into the molecular pathogenesis of these disorders but also identifies potential valuable biomarkers for prognostic stratification, as well as specific targets for directed therapy. This review discusses the well-established and recently identified molecular lesions underlying the pathogenesis of SBCLs, highlights their clinical relevance and summarizes novel targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata M Bogusz
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Adam Bagg
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease and has a highly variable clinical course with survival ranging from a couple of months to several decades. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that regulate transcription and translation of genes, have been found to be involved in CLL initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy. In addition, they can be used as prognostic biomarkers and as targets for novel therapies. In this review, we describe the association between miRNAs and the cytogenetic aberrations commonly found in CLL, as well as with other prognostic factors. We describe the presence of miRNAs as extracellular entities in the plasma and serum of CLL patients and discuss their role in resistance to therapy. Finally, we will explore the potential of targeted miRNA therapy for the treatment of CLL, with a special emphasis on MRX34, the first miRNA mimic that is currently being evaluated for clinical use.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- MicroRNAs/blood
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/therapeutic use
- Prognosis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Van Roosbroeck
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Soluble sugars serve five main purposes in multicellular organisms: as sources of carbon skeletons, osmolytes, signals, and transient energy storage and as transport molecules. Most sugars are derived from photosynthetic organisms, particularly plants. In multicellular organisms, some cells specialize in providing sugars to other cells (e.g., intestinal and liver cells in animals, photosynthetic cells in plants), whereas others depend completely on an external supply (e.g., brain cells, roots and seeds). This cellular exchange of sugars requires transport proteins to mediate uptake or release from cells or subcellular compartments. Thus, not surprisingly, sugar transport is critical for plants, animals, and humans. At present, three classes of eukaryotic sugar transporters have been characterized, namely the glucose transporters (GLUTs), sodium-glucose symporters (SGLTs), and SWEETs. This review presents the history and state of the art of sugar transporter research, covering genetics, biochemistry, and physiology-from their identification and characterization to their structure, function, and physiology. In humans, understanding sugar transport has therapeutic importance (e.g., addressing diabetes or limiting access of cancer cells to sugars), and in plants, these transporters are critical for crop yield and pathogen susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qing Chen
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305;
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Genetic abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: where we are and where we go. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:435983. [PMID: 24967369 PMCID: PMC4054680 DOI: 10.1155/2014/435983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are detected in up to 80% of patients. Among them, deletions of 11q, 13q, 17p, and trisomy 12 have a known prognostic value and play an important role in CLL pathogenesis and evolution, determining patients outcome and therapeutic strategies. Standard methods used to identify these genomic aberrations include both conventional G-banding cytogenetics (CGC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Although FISH analyses have been implemented as the gold standard, CGC allows the identification of chromosomal translocations and complex karyotypes, the latest associated with poor outcome. Genomic arrays have a higher resolution that allows the detection of cryptic abnormalities, although these have not been fully implemented in routine laboratories. In the last years, next generation sequencing (NGS) methods have identified a wide range of gene mutations (e.g., TP53, NOTCH1, SF3B1, and BIRC3) which have improved our knowledge about CLL development, allowing us to refine both the prognostic subgroups and better therapeutic strategies. Clonal evolution has also recently arisen as a key point in CLL, integrating cytogenetic alterations and mutations in a dynamic model that improve our understanding about its clinical course and relapse.
Collapse
|
16
|
Hertlein E, Beckwith KA, Lozanski G, Chen TL, Towns WH, Johnson AJ, Lehman A, Ruppert AS, Bolon B, Andritsos L, Lozanski A, Rassenti L, Zhao W, Jarvinen TM, Senter L, Croce CM, Symer DE, de la Chapelle A, Heerema NA, Byrd JC. Characterization of a new chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell line for mechanistic in vitro and in vivo studies relevant to disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76607. [PMID: 24130782 PMCID: PMC3793922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have yielded substantial progress, however a lack of immortalized cell lines representative of the primary disease has hampered a full understanding of disease pathogenesis and development of new treatments. Here we describe a novel CLL cell line (OSU-CLL) generated by EBV transformation, which displays a similar cytogenetic and immunophenotype observed in the patient’s CLL (CD5 positive with trisomy 12 and 19). A companion cell line was also generated from the same patient (OSU-NB). This cell line lacked typical CLL characteristics, and is likely derived from the patient’s normal B cells. In vitro migration assays demonstrated that OSU-CLL exhibits migratory properties similar to primary CLL cells whereas OSU-NB has significantly reduced ability to migrate spontaneously or towards chemokine. Microarray analysis demonstrated distinct gene expression patterns in the two cell lines, including genes on chromosomes 12 and 19, which is consistent with the cytogenetic profile in this cell line. Finally, OSU-CLL was readily transplantable into NOG mice, producing uniform engraftment by three weeks with leukemic cells detectable in the peripheral blood spleen and bone marrow. These studies describe a new CLL cell line that extends currently available models to study gene function in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Hertlein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kyle A. Beckwith
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gerard Lozanski
- Department of Pathology, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Timothy L. Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - William H. Towns
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amy J. Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amy Lehman
- Center for Biostatistics, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amy S. Ruppert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brad Bolon
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and the Comparative Pathology and Mouse Phenotyping Shared Resource, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Leslie Andritsos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Arletta Lozanski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Laura Rassenti
- Moores University of California-San Diego Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Weiqiang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tiina M. Jarvinen
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Division of Human Cancer Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center at the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Leigha Senter
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Division of Human Cancer Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center at the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Carlo M. Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Division of Human Cancer Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center at the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David E. Symer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Division of Human Cancer Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center at the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Albert de la Chapelle
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Division of Human Cancer Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center at the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nyla A. Heerema
- Department of Pathology, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - John C. Byrd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- *
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wong KK, Gascoyne DM, Brown PJ, Soilleux EJ, Snell C, Chen H, Lyne L, Lawrie CH, Gascoyne RD, Pedersen LM, Møller MB, Pulford K, Murphy D, Green TM, Banham AH. Reciprocal expression of the endocytic protein HIP1R and its repressor FOXP1 predicts outcome in R-CHOP-treated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients. Leukemia 2013; 28:362-72. [PMID: 23884370 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously identified autoantibodies to the endocytic-associated protein Huntingtin-interacting protein 1-related (HIP1R) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. HIP1R regulates internalization of cell surface receptors via endocytosis, a process relevant to many therapeutic strategies including CD20 targeting with rituximab. In this study, we characterized HIP1R expression patterns, investigated a mechanism of transcriptional regulation and its clinical relevance in DLBCL patients treated with immunochemotherapy (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone, R-CHOP). HIP1R was preferentially expressed in germinal center B-cell-like DLBCL (P<0.0001) and inversely correlated with the activated B-cell-like DLBCL (ABC-DLBCL) associated transcription factor, Forkhead box P1 (FOXP1). HIP1R was confirmed as a direct FOXP1 target gene in ABC-DLBCL by FOXP1-targeted silencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Lower HIP1R protein expression (≤ 10% tumoral positivity) significantly correlated with inferior overall survival (OS, P=0.0003) and progression-free survival (PFS, P=0.0148) in R-CHOP-treated DLBCL patients (n=157). Reciprocal expression with ≥ 70% FOXP1 positivity defined FOXP1(hi)/HIP1R(lo) patients with particularly poor outcome (OS, P=0.0001; PFS, P=0.0016). In an independent R-CHOP-treated DLBCL (n=233) microarray data set, patients with transcript expression in lower quartile HIP1R and FOXP1(hi)/HIP1R(lo) subgroups exhibited worse OS, P=0.0044 and P=0.0004, respectively. HIP1R repression by FOXP1 is strongly associated with poor outcome, thus further understanding of FOXP1-HIP1R and/or endocytic signaling pathways might give rise to novel therapeutic options for DLBCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K K Wong
- 1] NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK [2] Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - D M Gascoyne
- NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - P J Brown
- NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - E J Soilleux
- NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - C Snell
- NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - H Chen
- Centre for Human Proteomics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - L Lyne
- NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - C H Lawrie
- 1] NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK [2] Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain [3] IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - R D Gascoyne
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency and BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - L M Pedersen
- Department of Haematology, Roskilde Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - M B Møller
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - K Pulford
- NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - D Murphy
- 1] Centre for Human Proteomics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland [2] School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - T M Green
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - A H Banham
- NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Transformed cells exhibit a high rate of glucose consumption beyond that necessary for ATP synthesis. Glucose aids in the generation of biomass and regulates cellular signaling critical for oncogenic progression. A key rate-limiting step in glucose utilization is the transport of glucose across the plasma membrane. This review will highlight key glucose transporters (GLUTs) and current therapies targeting this class of proteins. RECENT FINDINGS GLUTs, enabling the facilitative entry of glucose into a cell, are increasingly found to be deregulated in cancer. Although cancer-specific expression patterns for GLUTs are being identified, comprehensive analyses substantiating a role for individual GLUTs are still required. Studies defining GLUTs as being rate-limiting in specific tumor contexts, the identification of GLUT1 inhibitors via synthetic lethality screens, novel engagement of the insulin-responsive GLUT4 in myeloma and identification of GLUT9 being a urate transporter, are key advances underscoring the need for continued investigation of this large and enigmatic class of proteins. SUMMARY Tumor cells exhibit elevated levels of glucose uptake, a phenomenon that has been capitalized upon for the prognostic and diagnostic imaging of a wide range of cancers using radio-labeled glucose analogs. We have, however, not yet been able to target glucose entry in a tumor cell-specific manner for therapy. GLUTs have been identified as rate-limiting in specific tumor contexts. The identification and targeting of tumor-specific GLUTs provide a promising approach to block glucose-regulated metabolism and signaling more comprehensively.
Collapse
|
19
|
Rodríguez AE, Robledo C, García JL, González M, Gutiérrez NC, Hernández JA, Sandoval V, García de Coca A, Recio I, Risueño A, Martín-Núñez G, García E, Fisac R, Conde J, de Las Rivas J, Hernández JM. Identification of a novel recurrent gain on 20q13 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by array CGH and gene expression profiling. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:2138-2146. [PMID: 22228453 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of genetic changes is a hallmark of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The most common cytogenetic abnormalities with independent prognostic significance in CLL are 13q14, ATM and TP53 deletions and trisomy 12. However, CLL displays a great genetic and biological heterogeneity. The aim of this study was to analyze the genomic imbalances in CLL cytogenetic subsets from both genomic and gene expression perspectives to identify new recurrent alterations. PATIENTS AND METHODS The genomic imbalances and expression levels of 67 patients were analyzed. The novel recurrent abnormalities detected with bacterial artificial chromosome array were confirmed by FISH and oligonucleotide microarrays. In all cases, gene expression profiling was assessed. RESULTS Copy number alterations were identified in 75% of cases. Overall, the results confirmed FISH studies for the regions frequently involved in CLL and also defined a new recurrent gain on chromosome 20q13.12, in 19% (13/67) of the CLL patients. Oligonucleotide expression correlated with the regions of loss or gain of genomic material, suggesting that the changes in gene expression are related to alterations in copy number. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the presence of a recurrent gain in 20q13.12 associated with overexpression of the genes located in this region, in CLL cytogenetic subgroups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A E Rodríguez
- IBMCC, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca
| | - C Robledo
- IBMCC, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca
| | - J L García
- Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL)-HUSAL, Castill y León
| | - M González
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca
| | - N C Gutiérrez
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca
| | - J A Hernández
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Infanta Leonor, Madrid
| | - V Sandoval
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Virgen Blanca, León
| | - A García de Coca
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid
| | - I Recio
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Nuestra Señora de Sonsoles, Ávila
| | - A Risueño
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca
| | - G Martín-Núñez
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Virgen del Puerto, Plasencia
| | - E García
- Genomics and Proteomics Unit, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca
| | - R Fisac
- Department of Hematology, Hospital General de Segovia, Segovia
| | - J Conde
- Department of Hematology, Hospital del Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - J de Las Rivas
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca
| | - J M Hernández
- IBMCC, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca; Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Del Giudice I, Rossi D, Chiaretti S, Marinelli M, Tavolaro S, Gabrielli S, Laurenti L, Marasca R, Rasi S, Fangazio M, Guarini A, Gaidano G, Foà R. NOTCH1 mutations in +12 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) confer an unfavorable prognosis, induce a distinctive transcriptional profiling and refine the intermediate prognosis of +12 CLL. Haematologica 2011; 97:437-41. [PMID: 22207691 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2011.060129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 12, the third most frequent chromosomal aberration in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), confers an intermediate prognosis. In our cohort of 104 untreated patients carrying +12, NOTCH1 mutations occurred in 24% of cases and were associated to unmutated IGHV genes (P=0.003) and +12 as a sole cytogenetic abnormality (P=0.008). NOTCH1 mutations in +12 CLL associated with an approximately 2.4 fold increase in the risk of death, a significant shortening of survival (P<0.01) and proved to be an independent predictor of survival in multivariate analysis. Analogous to +12 CLL with TP53 disruption or del(11q), NOTCH1 mutations in +12 CLL conferred a significantly worse survival compared to that of +12 CLL with del(13q) or +12 only. The overrepresentation of cell cycle/proliferation related genes of +12 CLL with NOTCH1 mutations suggests the biological contribution of NOTCH1 mutations to determine a poor outcome. NOTCH1 mutations refine the intermediate prognosis of +12 CLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Del Giudice
- Division of Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Haematology University, Sapienza Via Benevento 6, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gunnarsson R, Rosenquist R. New insights into the pathobiology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Hematop 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12308-011-0091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
22
|
Gene dosage effects in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 203:149-60. [PMID: 21156227 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To understand the influence of chromosomal alterations on gene expression in a genome-wide view, chromosomal imbalances detected by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips were compared with global gene expression in 16 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). A strong concordance between chromosomal gain or loss and increased or reduced expression of genes in the affected regions was found, respectively. Regions of uniparental disomy (UPD) were rare and had usually no consistent influence on gene expression, but in one instance, a large UPD was associated with a downregulation of most genes in the affected chromosome. The frequently deleted miRNAs, MIRN15A and MIRN16-1, did not show a reduced expression in cases with monoallelic deletions. The BCL2 protein, considered to be downregulated by these miRNAs, was upregulated not only in CLL with biallelic deletion of MIRN15A and MIRN16-1, but also in cases with monoallelic deletion. This suggests a complex regulation of BCL2 levels in CLL cells. Taken together, in CLL, a global gene dosage effect exists for chromosomal gains and deletions and in some instances for UPDs. We did not confirm a consistent correlation between MIRN15A and MIRN16-1 expression levels and BCL2 protein levels, indicating a complex regulation of BCL2 expression.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
An increasing number of neoplasms are associated with variably specific genetic abnormalities. This is best exemplified by hematological malignancies, in which there is a growing list of entities that are defined by their genetic lesion(s); this is not (yet) the case in mature B-cell lymphomas. However, enhanced insights into the pathogenesis of this large and diverse group of lymphomas have emerged with the ongoing unraveling of a plethora of fascinating genetic abnormalities. The purpose of this review is to synthesize well-recognized data and nascent discoveries in our understanding of the genetic basis of a spectrum of mature B-cell lymphomas, and how this may be applied to contemporary clinical practice. Despite the explosion of new and exciting knowledge in this arena, with the potential for enhanced diagnostic and prognostic strategies, it is essential to remain cognizant of the limitations (and complexity) of genetic investigations, so that assays can be developed and used both judiciously and rationally.
Collapse
|
24
|
Augustin R. The protein family of glucose transport facilitators: It's not only about glucose after all. IUBMB Life 2010; 62:315-33. [PMID: 20209635 DOI: 10.1002/iub.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The protein family of facilitative glucose transporters comprises 14 isoforms that share common structural features such as 12 transmembrane domains, N- and C-termini facing the cytoplasm of the cell, and a N-glycosylation side either within the first or fifth extracellular loop. Based on their sequence homology, three classes can be distinguished: class I includes GLUT1-4 and GLUT14, class II the "odd transporters" GLUT5, 7, 9, 11, and class III the "even transporters" GLUT6, 8, 10, 12 and the proton driven myoinositol transporter HMIT (or GLUT13). With the cloning and characterization of the more recent class II and III isoforms, it became apparent that despite their structural similarities, the different isoforms not only show a distinct tissue-specific expression pattern but also show distinct characteristics such as alternative splicing, specific (sub)cellular localization, and affinities for a spectrum of substrates. This review summarizes the current understanding of the physiological role for the various transport facilitators based on human genetically inherited disorders or single-nucleotide polymorphisms and knockout mice models. The emphasis of the review will be on the potential functional role of the more recent isoforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Augustin
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH&Co KG, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|