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Zhu L, Su W, Xu X, Shao S, Qin C, Gao R, Wang X, Ma M, Gao J, Zhang Z. Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction Induces Gallstone by Inhibiting the Expression of ABCB11 via PKC-α. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04818-x. [PMID: 38158489 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The abnormal increase of Oddi sphincter pressure and total bile duct pressure may play an important role in the formation of cholesterol stones, but the specific molecular mechanism is still unclear. This study aims to investigate it through in vitro and in vivo experiments. A mouse model of Oddi sphincter dysfunction was constructed by stone-inducing diet. We compared the two groups with PKC-α inhibitor GÖ6976 and PKC-α agonist thymeleatoxin. Oddi sphincter pressure and total bile duct pressure were measured. Biochemical analysis of total cholesterol, bile acid and bilirubin was then conducted. The histopathologic changes of bile duct were observed by HE staining and the ultrastructure of liver cells and surrounding tissues was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Through the above experiments, we found that the change of PKC-α expression may affect the formation process of gallstones. The relationship between PKC-α and ABCB11 was further verified by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Our results suggest that ABCB11 and PKC-α are co-expressed in the tubule membrane of hepatocytes and interact with each other in hepatocytes. The high cholesterol diet further enhances the activation of PKC-α and thus reduces the expression of ABCB11. The formation of cholesterol stones is associated with the down-regulation of ABCB11 expression in the tubule membrane of hepatocytes due to kinase signaling. This is the first study to demonstrate that sphincter of Oddi dysfunction induces gallstones through PKC-α inhibition of ABCB11 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University , Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Wei Su
- Liver Gall Bladder and Pancreatic Surgery Ward, Qinghai Red Cross Hospital, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Xianwen Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, China
| | - Ruxin Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Xinxing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Mingze Ma
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Junlin Gao
- Liver Gall Bladder and Pancreatic Surgery Ward, Qinghai Red Cross Hospital, Xining, 810001, China.
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, China.
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Ceci L, Han Y, Krutsinger K, Baiocchi L, Wu N, Kundu D, Kyritsi K, Zhou T, Gaudio E, Francis H, Alpini G, Kennedy L. Gallstone and Gallbladder Disease: Biliary Tract and Cholangiopathies. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4909-4943. [PMID: 37358507 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Cholestatic liver diseases are named primarily due to the blockage of bile flow and buildup of bile acids in the liver. Cholestasis can occur in cholangiopathies, fatty liver diseases, and during COVID-19 infection. Most literature evaluates damage occurring to the intrahepatic biliary tree during cholestasis; however, there may be associations between liver damage and gallbladder damage. Gallbladder damage can manifest as acute or chronic inflammation, perforation, polyps, cancer, and most commonly gallstones. Considering the gallbladder is an extension of the intrahepatic biliary network, and both tissues are lined by biliary epithelial cells that share common mechanisms and properties, it is worth further evaluation to understand the association between bile duct and gallbladder damage. In this comprehensive article, we discuss background information of the biliary tree and gallbladder, from function, damage, and therapeutic approaches. We then discuss published findings that identify gallbladder disorders in various liver diseases. Lastly, we provide the clinical aspect of gallbladder disorders in liver diseases and ways to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for congruent diagnosis. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4909-4943, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Ceci
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Yuyan Han
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, USA
| | - Kelsey Krutsinger
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Nan Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Fan N, Meng K, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Li D, Gao Q, Wang J, Li Y, Wu S, Cui Y. The effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on the relative expression of the lipid metabolism genes in mouse cholesterol gallstone models. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:158. [PMID: 32615989 PMCID: PMC7333299 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies indicate that gallstone formation has genetic components. The abnormal expression of lipid-related genes could be the basis for particular forms of cholesterol gallstone disease. The aim of this study was to obtain insight into lipid metabolism disorder during cholesterol gallstone formation and to evaluate the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on the improvement of bile lithogenicity and its potential influence on the transcription of lipid-related genes. METHODS Gallstone-susceptible mouse models were induced by feeding with a lithogenic diet (LD) for 8 weeks. Bile and liver tissues were obtained from these mouse models after 0, 4 and 8 weeks. Bile lipids were measured enzymatically, and the cholesterol saturation index (CSI) was calculated to evaluate the bile lithogenicity by using Carey's critical tables. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), liver X receptor (LXR), adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily G member 5/8 (ABCG5/8), cholesterol 7-α hydroxylase (CYP7A1), oxysterol 7-α hydroxylase (CYP7B1), sterol 27-α hydroxylase (CYP27A1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) and adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily B member 11 (ABCB11). RESULTS The rate of gallstone formation was 100% in the 4-week group but only 30% in the UDCA-treated group. The UDCA-treated group had a significantly lower CSI compared with other groups. Of special note, the data on the effects of UDCA showed higher expression levels of ABCG8, ABCB11 and CYP27A1, as well as lower expression levels of LXR and PPAR-α, compared to the model control group. CONCLUSIONS UDCA exhibits tremendously potent activity in restraining lipid accumulation, thus reversing the lithogenic effect and protecting hepatocytes from serious pathological damage. The abnormal expression of ABCG8, CYP7A1, CYP27A1, LXR and PPAR-α might lead to high lithogenicity of bile. These results are helpful in exploring new lipid metabolism pathways and potential targets for the treatment of cholesterol stones and for providing some basis for the study of the pathogenesis and genetic characteristics of cholelithiasis. Research on the mechanism of UDCA in improving lipid metabolism and bile lithogenicity may be helpful for clinical treatment and for reducing the incidence of gallstones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Fan
- Beichen Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 436 Jingjin Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300400, China
| | - Ke Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 154 AnShan Road, HePing District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, 122 Sanwei Road Nankai District, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Donghua Li
- Institute of Acute Abdomen in Integrative Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, 122 Sanwei Road Nankai District, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Qiaoying Gao
- Institute of Acute Abdomen in Integrative Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, 122 Sanwei Road Nankai District, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Beichen Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 436 Jingjin Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300400, China
| | - Yanning Li
- Beichen Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 436 Jingjin Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300400, China
| | - Shangwei Wu
- Institute of Acute Abdomen in Integrative Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, 122 Sanwei Road Nankai District, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Yunfeng Cui
- Department of Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, 122 Sanwei Road Nankai District, Tianjin, 300100, China.
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Alogaili F, Chinnarasu S, Jaeschke A, Kranias EG, Hui DY. Hepatic HAX-1 inactivation prevents metabolic diseases by enhancing mitochondrial activity and bile salt export. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4631-4646. [PMID: 32079675 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing hepatic mitochondrial activity through pyruvate dehydrogenase and elevating enterohepatic bile acid recirculation are promising new approaches for metabolic disease therapy, but neither approach alone can completely ameliorate disease phenotype in high-fat diet-fed mice. This study showed that diet-induced hepatosteatosis, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance can be completely prevented in mice with liver-specific HCLS1-associated protein X-1 (HAX-1) inactivation. Mechanistically, we showed that HAX-1 interacts with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-1 (InsP3R1) in the liver, and its absence reduces InsP3R1 levels, thereby improving endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria calcium homeostasis to prevent excess calcium overload and mitochondrial dysfunction. As a result, HAX-1 ablation activates pyruvate dehydrogenase and increases mitochondria utilization of glucose and fatty acids to prevent hepatosteatosis, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. In contrast to the reduction of InsP3R1 levels, hepatic HAX-1 deficiency increases bile salt exporter protein levels, thereby promoting enterohepatic bile acid recirculation, leading to activation of bile acid-responsive genes in the intestinal ileum to augment insulin sensitivity and of cholesterol transport genes in the liver to suppress hyperlipidemia. The dual mechanisms of increased mitochondrial respiration and enterohepatic bile acid recirculation due to improvement of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria calcium homeostasis with hepatic HAX-1 inactivation suggest that this may be a potential therapeutic target for metabolic disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzi Alogaili
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237.,Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Sivaprakasam Chinnarasu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237
| | - Anja Jaeschke
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237
| | - Evangelia G Kranias
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - David Y Hui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237
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Wang HH, Liu M, Portincasa P, Wang DQH. Recent Advances in the Critical Role of the Sterol Efflux Transporters ABCG5/G8 in Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1276:105-136. [PMID: 32705597 PMCID: PMC8118135 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6082-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is characterized by lipid accumulation, inflammatory response, cell death, and fibrosis in the arterial wall and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cholesterol gallstone disease is caused by complex genetic and environmental factors and is one of the most prevalent and costly digestive diseases in the USA and Europe. Although sitosterolemia is a rare inherited lipid storage disease, its genetic studies led to identification of the sterol efflux transporters ABCG5/G8 that are located on chromosome 2p21 in humans and chromosome 17 in mice. Human and animal studies have clearly demonstrated that ABCG5/G8 play a critical role in regulating hepatic secretion and intestinal absorption of cholesterol and plant sterols. Sitosterolemia is caused by a mutation in either the ABCG5 or the ABCG8 gene alone, but not in both simultaneously. Polymorphisms in the ABCG5/G8 genes are associated with abnormal plasma cholesterol metabolism and may play a key role in the genetic determination of plasma cholesterol concentrations. Moreover, ABCG5/G8 is a new gallstone gene, LITH9. Gallstone-associated variants in ABCG5/G8 are involved in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones in European, Asian, and South American populations. In this chapter, we summarize the latest advances in the critical role of the sterol efflux transporters ABCG5/G8 in regulating hepatic secretion of biliary cholesterol, intestinal absorption of cholesterol and plant sterols, the classical reverse cholesterol transport, and the newly established transintestinal cholesterol excretion, as well as in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of ABCG5/G8-related metabolic diseases such as sitosterolemia, cardiovascular disease, and cholesterol gallstone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen H Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri", University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - David Q-H Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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6
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Wang HH, Garruti G, Liu M, Portincasa P, Wang DQH. Cholesterol and Lipoprotein Metabolism and Atherosclerosis: Recent Advances In reverse Cholesterol Transport. Ann Hepatol 2017; 16:s27-s42. [PMID: 29080338 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.5495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by lipid accumulation, inflammatory response, cell death and fibrosis in the arterial wall, and is major pathological basis for ischemic coronary heart disease (CHD), which is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the USA and Europe. Intervention studies with statins have shown to reduce LDL cholesterol levels and subsequently the risk of developing CHD. However, not all the aggressive statin therapy could decrease the risk of developing CHD. Many clinical and epidemiological studies have clearly demonstrated that the HDL cholesterol is inversely associated with risk of CHD and is a critical and independent component of predicting its risk. Elucidations of HDL metabolism give rise to therapeutic targets with potential to raising plasma HDL cholesterol levels, thereby reducing the risk of developing CHD. The concept of reverse cholesterol transport is based on the hypothesis that HDL displays an cardioprotective function, which is a process involved in the removal of excess cholesterol that is accumulated in the peripheral tissues (e.g., macrophages in the aortae) by HDL, transporting it to the liver for excretion into the feces via the bile. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in the role of the lymphatic route in reverse cholesterol transport, as well as the biliary and the non-biliary pathways for removal of cholesterol from the body. These studies will greatly increase the likelihood of discovering new lipid-lowering drugs, which are more effective in the prevention and therapeutic intervention of CHD that is the major cause of human death and disability worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen H Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplants, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri", University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - David Q-H Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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8
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Yang B, Liu B, Bi P, Wu T, Wang Q, Zhang J. An integrated analysis of differential miRNA and mRNA expressions in human gallstones. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:1004-11. [PMID: 25639987 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00741g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Gallstone disease, including cholesterol precipitation in bile, increased bile salt hydrophobicity and gallbladder inflammation. Here, we investigated miRNA and mRNA involved in the formation of gallstones, and explored the molecular mechanisms in the development of gallstones. Differentially expressed 17 miRNAs and 525 mRNA were identified based on Illumina sequencing from gallbladder mucosa of patients with or without gallstones, and were validated by randomly selected 6 miRNAs and 8 genes using quantitative RT-PCR. 114 miRNA target genes were identified, whose functions and regulating pathways were related to gallstones. The differentially expressed genes were enriched upon lipoprotein binding and some metabolic pathways, and differentially expressed miRNAs enriched upon ABC transportation and cancer related pathways. A molecular regulatory network consisting of 17 differentially expressed miRNAs, inclusive of their target genes, was constructed. miR-210 and its potential target gene ATP11A were found to be differentially expressed in both miRNA and mRNA profiles. ATP11A was a direct target of miR-210, which was predicted to regulate the ABC-transporters pathway. The expression levels of ATP11A in the gallstone showed inverse correlation with miR-210 expression, and up-regulation of miR-210 could reduce ATP11A expression in HGBEC. This is the first report that indicates the existence of differences in miRNA and mRNA expression in patients with or without gallstones. Our data shed light on further investigating the mechanisms of gallstone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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9
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Demetz E, Schroll A, Auer K, Heim C, Patsch JR, Eller P, Theurl M, Theurl I, Theurl M, Seifert M, Lener D, Stanzl U, Haschka D, Asshoff M, Dichtl S, Nairz M, Huber E, Stadlinger M, Moschen AR, Li X, Pallweber P, Scharnagl H, Stojakovic T, März W, Kleber ME, Garlaschelli K, Uboldi P, Catapano AL, Stellaard F, Rudling M, Kuba K, Imai Y, Arita M, Schuetz JD, Pramstaller PP, Tietge UJF, Trauner M, Norata GD, Claudel T, Hicks AA, Weiss G, Tancevski I. The arachidonic acid metabolome serves as a conserved regulator of cholesterol metabolism. Cell Metab 2014; 20:787-798. [PMID: 25444678 PMCID: PMC4232508 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism is closely interrelated with cardiovascular disease in humans. Dietary supplementation with omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids including arachidonic acid (AA) was shown to favorably affect plasma LDL-C and HDL-C. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. By combining data from a GWAS screening in >100,000 individuals of European ancestry, mediator lipidomics, and functional validation studies in mice, we identify the AA metabolome as an important regulator of cholesterol homeostasis. Pharmacological modulation of AA metabolism by aspirin induced hepatic generation of leukotrienes (LTs) and lipoxins (LXs), thereby increasing hepatic expression of the bile salt export pump Abcb11. Induction of Abcb11 translated in enhanced reverse cholesterol transport, one key function of HDL. Further characterization of the bioactive AA-derivatives identified LX mimetics to lower plasma LDL-C. Our results define the AA metabolomeasconserved regulator of cholesterol metabolism, and identify AA derivatives as promising therapeutics to treat cardiovascular disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Schroll
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kristina Auer
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christiane Heim
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Josef R Patsch
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Eller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milan Theurl
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Lener
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ursula Stanzl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Malte Asshoff
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva Huber
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Stadlinger
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander R Moschen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Number 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Petra Pallweber
- Department of Pediatrics II, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Tatjana Stojakovic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Winfried März
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic V, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Synlab Academy, Harrlachweg 1, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic V, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katia Garlaschelli
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, via Gorki 50, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Uboldi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica, via Milanese 300, 20099 Sesto San Giovanni Milan, Italy
| | - Frans Stellaard
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mats Rudling
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Keiji Kuba
- Department of Biological Informatics and Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, 1-1 Tegata Gakuen-machi, 010-8502 Akita City, Japan
| | - Yumiko Imai
- Department of Biological Informatics and Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, 1-1 Tegata Gakuen-machi, 010-8502 Akita City, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Department of Health Chemistry, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, 113-8654 Tokyo, Japan
| | - John D Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS313, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Drususallee 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy-Affiliated Institute of the University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Uwe J F Tietge
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, via Gorki 50, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; The Blizard Institute, Centre for Diabetes, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University, 4 Newark Street, E1 2AT London, UK
| | - Thierry Claudel
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew A Hicks
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Drususallee 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy-Affiliated Institute of the University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Baghdasaryan A, Chiba P, Trauner M. Clinical application of transcriptional activators of bile salt transporters. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 37:57-76. [PMID: 24333169 PMCID: PMC4045202 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatobiliary bile salt (BS) transporters are critical determinants of BS homeostasis controlling intracellular concentrations of BSs and their enterohepatic circulation. Genetic or acquired dysfunction of specific transport systems causes intrahepatic and systemic retention of potentially cytotoxic BSs, which, in high concentrations, may disturb integrity of cell membranes and subcellular organelles resulting in cell death, inflammation and fibrosis. Transcriptional regulation of canalicular BS efflux through bile salt export pump (BSEP), basolateral elimination through organic solute transporters alpha and beta (OSTα/OSTβ) as well as inhibition of hepatocellular BS uptake through basolateral Na(+)-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) represent critical steps in protection from hepatocellular BS overload and can be targeted therapeutically. In this article, we review the potential clinical implications of the major BS transporters BSEP, OSTα/OSTβ and NTCP in the pathogenesis of hereditary and acquired cholestatic syndromes, provide an overview on transcriptional control of these transporters by the key regulatory nuclear receptors and discuss the potential therapeutic role of novel transcriptional activators of BS transporters in cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Baghdasaryan
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Chiba
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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Kong J, Liu BB, Wu SD, Wang Y, Jiang QQ, Guo EL. Enhancement of interaction of BSEP and HAX-1 on the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes in a mouse model of cholesterol cholelithiasis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:1644-1650. [PMID: 24817961 PMCID: PMC4014245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We induced gallstones in C57L mice fed with a high cholesterol diet and examined the expression of bile salt export pump (BSEP) on the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes and its relation with PKCα and HAX-1.Twenty-four gallstone-prone C57L mice were randomly assigned to receive a high cholesterol diet or a regular diet. Gallstone formation was recorded. BSEP, PKCα and phospho-PKCα expression was examined by immunoblotting assays. Co-expression of BSEP and HAX-1 was studied by immunofluorescent microscopy and immunoprecipitations. Gallstones were formed in all 12 mice fed with the high cholesterol diet. In Gallstone group, BSEP levels on the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes were markedly lower while a significant increase was observed in phosphorylated PKCα. Immunofluorescent microscopy showed that BSEP and HAX-1 were co-localized on the canalicular membrane, which was apparently enhanced by feeding with the high cholesterol diet. The immunoprecipitation assays further demonstrated that BSEP and HAX-1 showed enhanced interaction in the hepatocytes of mice fed with the high cholesterol diet. Cholesterol gallstone formation is associated with downregulation of BSEP expression on the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes with increased phosphorylation of PKCα. BSEP and HAX-1 show enhanced interaction with one another on the canalicular membrane during gallstone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kong
- Department of Biliary and Minimally Invasive Surgery, China Medical University Shengjing Hospital Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin-Bin Liu
- Department of Biliary and Minimally Invasive Surgery, China Medical University Shengjing Hospital Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuo-Dong Wu
- Department of Biliary and Minimally Invasive Surgery, China Medical University Shengjing Hospital Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Biliary and Minimally Invasive Surgery, China Medical University Shengjing Hospital Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qing-Quan Jiang
- Department of Biliary and Minimally Invasive Surgery, China Medical University Shengjing Hospital Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - En-Ling Guo
- Department of Biliary and Minimally Invasive Surgery, China Medical University Shengjing Hospital Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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13
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Puerariae flos alleviates metabolic diseases in Western diet-loaded, spontaneously obese type 2 diabetic model mice. J Nat Med 2012; 66:622-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Stokes CS, Lammert F. Transporters in cholelithiasis. Biol Chem 2012; 393:3-10. [DOI: 10.1515/bc-2011-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Gallstones are a common and costly disease with a projected increase in prevalence due to the increasing ageing population. Numerous endogenous and environmental factors are aetiologically related to this multifactorial disease, and genetic studies continue to unravel the pathobiological mechanisms related to gallstone formation. In particular, variants of genes encoding hepatobiliary transporters have been implicated in gallstone disease and, given their ability to influence biliary lipid composition, have undergone considerable investigation. Here we summarize the role of enterohepatic transporters in cholelithogenesis with a particular focus on pertinent ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCB4, ABCB11, ABCC7, and ABCG5/G8).
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Henkel AS, Kavesh MH, Kriss MS, Dewey AM, Rinella ME, Green RM. Hepatic overexpression of abcb11 promotes hypercholesterolemia and obesity in mice. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:1404-11, 1411.e1-2. [PMID: 21726512 PMCID: PMC3186850 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS ABCB11 is a canalicular transport protein that controls the rate-limiting step in hepatic bile acid secretion. Its expression levels vary in humans, and it is not clear how these variations affect lipid metabolism. We investigated whether overexpression of Abcb11 in mice increases lipid absorption in the intestine and affects the development of obesity or hypercholesterolemia. METHODS Transgenic mice that overexpress Abcb11 in liver (TTR-Abcb11) and FVB/NJ mice (controls) were fed a high-cholesterol or high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Intestinal lipid absorption was measured by the dual fecal isotope method. Energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry. The bile acid pool was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS TTR-Abcb11 mice had a nearly 2-fold increase in intestinal cholesterol absorption compared with controls. TTR-Abcb11 mice fed a high-cholesterol diet had greater increases in plasma and hepatic levels of cholesterol and became more obese than controls; they also had increased intestinal absorption of fatty acids and decreased energy expenditure. In the TTR-Abcb11 mice, the sizes of plasma and total bile acid pools were reduced; the bile acid pool contained more species of hydrophobic bile acids compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic overexpression of Abcb11 in mice promotes diet-induced obesity and hypercholesterolemia; increased intestinal cholesterol absorption by hydrophobic bile acids might cause these features. Increased absorption of fatty acids in the intestine and reduced expenditure of energy could increase weight gain in TTR-Abcb11 mice. In humans, variations in expression of ABCB11 might confer genetic susceptibility to diet-induced hyperlipidemia and obesity.
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Abstract
Biliary cholesterol secretion is a process important for 2 major disease complexes, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and cholesterol gallstone disease. With respect to cardiovascular disease, biliary cholesterol secretion is regarded as the final step for the elimination of cholesterol originating from cholesterol-laden macrophage foam cells in the vessel wall in a pathway named reverse cholesterol transport. On the other hand, cholesterol hypersecretion into the bile is considered the main pathophysiological determinant of cholesterol gallstone formation. This review summarizes current knowledge on the origins of cholesterol secreted into the bile as well as the relevant processes and transporters involved. Next to the established ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters mediating the biliary secretion of bile acids (ABCB11), phospholipids (ABCB4) and cholesterol (ABCG5/G8), special attention is given to emerging proteins that modulate or mediate biliary cholesterol secretion. In this regard, the potential impact of the phosphatidylserine flippase ATPase class I type 8B member 1, the Niemann Pick C1-like protein 1 that mediates cholesterol absorption and the high density lipoprotein cholesterol uptake receptor, scavenger receptor class B type I, is discussed.
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