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Di Simone M, Corsale AM, Toia F, Shekarkar Azgomi M, Di Stefano AB, Lo Presti E, Cordova A, Montesano L, Dieli F, Meraviglia S. Tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells as targets of immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:760-770. [PMID: 38324004 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most sensitive tumors to immune modulation, and the major challenge for melanoma patients' survival is immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. γδ T lymphocytes play an antitumoral role in a broad variety of tumors including melanoma and they are optimal candidates for cellular immunotherapy. Thus, a comprehensive analysis of the correlation between γδ T cells and immune checkpoint receptors in the context of melanoma was conducted, with the aim of devising an innovative combined immunotherapeutic strategy. In this study, using the GEPIA2.0 database, a significant positive correlation was observed between the expression of γδ T cell-related genes (TRGC1, TRGC2, TCRD) and immune checkpoint genes (PDCD1, HAVCR2, LAG3), highlighting the potential role of γδ T cells in the immune response within melanoma. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis unveiled a significant augmentation in the population of γδ T cells within melanoma lesions, which exhibited the expression of immune checkpoint receptors including LAG3, TIM3, and PD1. Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data revealed a significant enrichment and functional reprogramming of γδ T cell clusters in response to ICIs. Interestingly, the effects of ICI therapy varied between Vδ1 and Vδ2 γδ T cell subsets, with distinct changes in gene expression patterns. Last, a correlation analysis between γδ T cell abundance, immune checkpoint gene expression, and clinical outcomes in melanoma patients showed that low expression of immune checkpoint genes, including LAG3, HAVCR2, and PDCD1, was associated with improved 1-year overall survival, emphasizing the significance of these genes in predicting patient outcomes, potentially outweighing the impact of γδ T cell abundance. This study offers critical insights into the dynamic interaction between γδ T cells, immune checkpoint receptors, and melanoma, providing valuable perspectives for potential therapeutic avenues and predictive markers in this intricate interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Di Simone
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Corsale
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Toia
- Laboratory of Biology and Regenerative Medicine-Plastic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mojtaba Shekarkar Azgomi
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Barbara Di Stefano
- Laboratory of Biology and Regenerative Medicine-Plastic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elena Lo Presti
- National Research Council Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Adriana Cordova
- Laboratory of Biology and Regenerative Medicine-Plastic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Montesano
- Laboratory of Biology and Regenerative Medicine-Plastic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Meraviglia
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
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Edwards JM, Andrews MC, Burridge H, Smith R, Owens C, Edinger M, Pilkington K, Desfrancois J, Shackleton M, Senthi S, van Zelm MC. Design, optimisation and standardisation of a high-dimensional spectral flow cytometry workflow assessing T-cell immunophenotype in patients with melanoma. Clin Transl Immunology 2023; 12:e1466. [PMID: 37692904 PMCID: PMC10484688 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Despite the success of immune checkpoint blockade, most metastatic melanoma patients fail to respond to therapy or experience severe toxicity. Assessment of biomarkers and immunophenotypes before or early into treatment will help to understand favourable responses and improve therapeutic outcomes. Methods We present a high-dimensional approach for blood T-cell profiling using three multi-parameter cytometry panels: (1) a TruCount panel for absolute cell counts, (2) a 27-colour spectral panel assessing T-cell markers and (3) a 20-colour spectral panel evaluating intracellular cytokine expression. Pre-treatment blood mononuclear cells from patients and healthy controls were cryopreserved before staining across 11 batches. Batch effects were tracked using a single-donor control and the suitability of normalisation was assessed. The data were analysed using manual gating and high-dimensional strategies. Results Batch-to-batch variation was minimal, as demonstrated by the dimensionality reduction of batch-control samples, and normalisation did not improve manual or high-dimensional analysis. Application of the workflow demonstrated the capacity of the panels and showed that patients had fewer lymphocytes than controls (P = 0.0027), due to lower naive CD4+ (P = 0.015) and CD8+ (P = 0.011) T cells and follicular helper T cells (P = 0.00076). Patients showed trends for higher proportions of Ki67 and IL-2-expressing cells within CD4+ and CD8+ memory subsets, and increased CD57 and EOMES expression within TCRγδ+ T cells. Conclusion Our optimised high-parameter spectral cytometry approach provided in-depth profiling of blood T cells and found differences in patient immunophenotype at baseline. The robustness of our workflow, as demonstrated by minimal batch effects, makes this approach highly suitable for the longitudinal evaluation of immunotherapy effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack M Edwards
- Alfred Health Radiation OncologyThe Alfred HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash University and Alfred HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Miles C Andrews
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Medical OncologyThe Alfred HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Hayley Burridge
- Department of Medical OncologyThe Alfred HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Robin Smith
- Alfred Health Radiation OncologyThe Alfred HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Carole Owens
- Alfred Health Radiation OncologyThe Alfred HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | | | | | | | - Mark Shackleton
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Medical OncologyThe Alfred HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Sashendra Senthi
- Alfred Health Radiation OncologyThe Alfred HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Menno C van Zelm
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash University and Alfred HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
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Hajdara A, Çakır U, Érsek B, Silló P, Széky B, Barna G, Faqi S, Gyöngy M, Kárpáti S, Németh K, Mayer B. Targeting Melanoma-Associated Fibroblasts (MAFs) with Activated γδ (Vδ2) T Cells: An In Vitro Cytotoxicity Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12893. [PMID: 37629075 PMCID: PMC10454423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has gained considerable scientific attention by playing a role in immunosuppression and tumorigenesis. Besides tumor cells, TME is composed of various other cell types, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs or MAFs when referring to melanoma-derived CAFs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), a subpopulation of which is labeled as γδ T cells. Since the current anti-cancer therapies using γδ T cells in various cancers have exhibited mixed treatment responses, to better understand the γδ T cell biology in melanoma, our research group aimed to investigate whether activated γδ T cells are capable of killing MAFs. To answer this question, we set up an in vitro platform using freshly isolated Vδ2-type γδ T cells and cultured MAFs that were biobanked from our melanoma patients. This study proved that the addition of zoledronic acid (1-2.5 µM) to the γδ T cells was necessary to drive MAFs into apoptosis. The MAF cytotoxicity of γδ T cells was further enhanced by using the stimulatory clone 20.1 of anti-BTN3A1 antibody but was reduced when anti-TCR γδ or anti-BTN2A1 antibodies were used. Since the administration of zoledronic acid is safe and tolerable in humans, our results provide further data for future clinical studies on the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hajdara
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (U.Ç.); (P.S.); (B.S.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (K.N.)
- Roska Tamás Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Uğur Çakır
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (U.Ç.); (P.S.); (B.S.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Barbara Érsek
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Pálma Silló
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (U.Ç.); (P.S.); (B.S.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Balázs Széky
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (U.Ç.); (P.S.); (B.S.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (K.N.)
- Roska Tamás Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Barna
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Shaaban Faqi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (U.Ç.); (P.S.); (B.S.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (K.N.)
- Károly Rácz Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Gyöngy
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Sarolta Kárpáti
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (U.Ç.); (P.S.); (B.S.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Krisztián Németh
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (U.Ç.); (P.S.); (B.S.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Balázs Mayer
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (U.Ç.); (P.S.); (B.S.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (K.N.)
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Liu C, Skorupinska-Tudek K, Eriksson SG, Parmryd I. Potentiating Vγ9Vδ2 T cell proliferation and assessing their cytotoxicity towards adherent cancer cells at the single cell level. Biol Open 2022; 11:274281. [PMID: 34994391 PMCID: PMC8822357 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells is the dominant γδ T cell subset in human blood. They are cytotoxic and activated by phosphoantigens whose concentrations are increased in cancer cells, making the cancer cells targets for Vγ9Vδ2 T cell immunotherapy. For successful immunotherapy, it is important both to characterise Vγ9Vδ2 T cell proliferation and optimise the assessment of their cytotoxic potential, which is the aim of this study. We found that supplementation with freshly-thawed human serum potentiated Vγ9Vδ2 T cell proliferation from peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with (E)-4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl diphosphate (HMBPP) and consistently enabled Vγ9Vδ2 T cell proliferation from cryopreserved PBMCs. In cryopreserved PBMCs the proliferation was higher than in freshly prepared PBMCs. In a panel of short-chain prenyl alcohols, monophosphates and diphosphates, most diphosphates and also dimethylallyl monophosphate stimulated Vγ9Vδ2 T cell proliferation. We developed a method where the cytotoxicity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells towards adherent cells is assessed at the single cell level using flow cytometry, which gives more clear-cut results than the traditional bulk release assays. Moreover, we found that HMBPP enhances the Vγ9Vδ2 T cell cytotoxicity towards colon cancer cells. In summary we have developed an easily interpretable method to assess the cytotoxicity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells towards adherent cells, found that Vγ9Vδ2 T cell proliferation can be potentiated media-supplementation and how misclassification of non-responders may be avoided. Our findings will be useful in the further development of Vγ9Vδ2 T cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Liu
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Sven-Göran Eriksson
- Department of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingela Parmryd
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Mesenchymal-Stromal Cell-like Melanoma-Associated Fibroblasts Increase IL-10 Production by Macrophages in a Cyclooxygenase/Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-Dependent Manner. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246173. [PMID: 34944793 PMCID: PMC8699649 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, and the number of newly diagnosed cases is on the rise. In recent years, it has become evident that melanoma-associated fibroblasts (MAFs), which surround the melanoma cells, play a key role in tumor growth and its ability to evade immune attack. We found that MAFs resemble bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), and on the basis of this, we looked for effects that they might have on macrophages. Like MSCs, MAFs cause macrophages to produce IL-10, an anti-inflammatory agent. IL-10 contributes to cancer growth by suppressing natural anti-cancer immunity and can also interfere with anti-melanoma immunotherapies. Our findings may open new avenues for the development of anti-melanoma treatments based on MAF-macrophage interactions. Abstract Melanoma-associated fibroblasts (MAFs) are integral parts of melanoma, providing a protective network for melanoma cells. The phenotypical and functional similarities between MAFs and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) prompted us to investigate if, similarly to MSCs, MAFs are capable of modulating macrophage functions. Using immunohistochemistry, we showed that MAFs and macrophages are in intimate contact within the tumor stroma. We then demonstrated that MAFs indeed are potent inducers of IL-10 production in various macrophage types in vitro, and this process is greatly augmented by the presence of treatment-naïve and chemotherapy-treated melanoma cells. MAFs derived from thick melanomas appear to be more immunosuppressive than those cultured from thin melanomas. The IL-10 increasing effect is mediated, at least in part, by cyclooxygenase and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Our data indicate that MAF-induced IL-10 production in macrophages may contribute to melanoma aggressiveness, and targeting the cyclooxygenase and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase pathways may abolish MAF–macrophage interactions.
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Girard P, Sosa Cuevas E, Ponsard B, Mouret S, Gil H, Col E, De Fraipont F, Sturm N, Charles J, Manches O, Chaperot L, Aspord C. Dysfunctional BTN3A together with deregulated immune checkpoints and type I/II IFN dictate defective interplay between pDCs and γδ T cells in melanoma patients, which impacts clinical outcomes. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1329. [PMID: 34786191 PMCID: PMC8577077 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives pDCs and γδ T cells emerge as potent immune players participating in the pathophysiology of cancers, yet still remaining enigmatic while harbouring a promising potential for clinical translations. Despite strategic and closed missions, crosstalk between pDCs and γδ T cells has not been deciphered yet in cancers, especially in melanoma where the long‐term control of the tumor still remains a challenge. Methods This prompted us to explore the interplay between pDCs and γδ T cells in the context of melanoma, investigating the reciprocal features of pDCs or γδ T cells, the underlying molecular mechanisms and its impact on clinical outcomes. Results TLRL‐activated pDCs from the blood and tumor infiltrate of melanoma patients displayed an impaired ability to activate, to modulate immune checkpoints and trigger the functionality of γδ T cells. Conversely, γδ T cells from the blood or tumor infiltrate of melanoma patients activated by PAg were defective in triggering pDCs’ activation and modulation of immune checkpoints, and failed to elicit the functionality of pDCs. Reversion of the dysfunctional cross‐talks could be achieved by specific cytokine administration and immune checkpoint targeting. Strikingly, we revealed an increased expression of BTN3A on circulating and tumor‐infiltrating pDCs and γδ T cells from melanoma patients, but stressed out the potential impairment of this molecule. Conclusion Our study uncovered that melanoma hijacked the bidirectional interplay between pDCs and γδ T cells to escape from immune control, and revealed BTN3A dysfunction. Such understanding will help harness and synergise the power of these potent immune cells to design new therapeutic approaches exploiting their antitumor potential while counteracting their skewing by tumors to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Girard
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France.,Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes R&D Laboratory Grenoble France
| | - Eleonora Sosa Cuevas
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France.,Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes R&D Laboratory Grenoble France
| | - Benedicte Ponsard
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France.,Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes R&D Laboratory Grenoble France
| | - Stephane Mouret
- Dermatology Clinic Grenoble University Hospital Grenoble France
| | - Hugo Gil
- Pathology Department Institut de Biologie et Pathologie CHU Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
| | - Edwige Col
- Pathology Department Institut de Biologie et Pathologie CHU Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
| | - Florence De Fraipont
- Medical Unit of Molecular Genetic (Hereditary Diseases and Oncology) Grenoble University Hospital Grenoble France
| | - Nathalie Sturm
- Pathology Department Institut de Biologie et Pathologie CHU Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
| | - Julie Charles
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France.,Dermatology Clinic Grenoble University Hospital Grenoble France
| | - Olivier Manches
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France.,Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes R&D Laboratory Grenoble France
| | - Laurence Chaperot
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France.,Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes R&D Laboratory Grenoble France
| | - Caroline Aspord
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France.,Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes R&D Laboratory Grenoble France
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Fazzi R, Petrini I, Giuliani N, Morganti R, Carulli G, Dalla Palma B, Notarfranchi L, Galimberti S, Buda G. Phase II Trial of Maintenance Treatment With IL2 and Zoledronate in Multiple Myeloma After Bone Marrow Transplantation: Biological and Clinical Results. Front Immunol 2021; 11:573156. [PMID: 33613510 PMCID: PMC7890401 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.573156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maintenance treatment after autologous bone marrow transplantation in multiple myeloma improves the outcome of patients. We designed a phase II clinical trial to evaluate the treatment with IL2 and zoledronate after autologous bone marrow transplantation in myeloma patients. Methods Patients with a histologically proven diagnosis of multiple myeloma become eligible if achieved a very good partial remission in bone marrow samples after 3 months from autologous bone marrow transplantation. IL2 was administered from day 1 to 7. In the first cycle, the daily dose was 2 × 106 IU, whereas, in subsequent ones the IL2 dose was progressively escalated, with +25% increases at each cycle, until evidence of toxicity or up to 8 × 106 IU. Four mg of zoledronic acid were infused on day 2. Flow cytometry analysis of γδ-lymphocytes was performed at days 1 and 8 of treatment cycles. Results Forty-four patients have been enrolled between 2013 and 2016. The median time to progression was 22.5 months (95% CI 9.7–35.2). A complete remission with a negative immunofixation was obtained in 18% of patients and correlated with a significantly longer time to progression (p = 0.015). Treatment was well tolerated without G3 or 4 toxicities. After a week of treatment with IL2 and zoledronate, γδ lymphocytes, Vγ9δ2, CD57+, effector, late effector, and memory γδ increased but in subsequent cycles, there was a progressive reduction of this expansion. Conclusions The maintenance treatment with IL2 and Zoledronate has a modest activity in myeloma patients after autologous bone marrow transplantation. EudraCT Number 2013-001188-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fazzi
- Hematology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Iacopo Petrini
- General Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola Giuliani
- Hematology Unit and CTMO, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Riccardo Morganti
- Statistic analysis Unit, Department of Medicine and Oncology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Carulli
- Hematology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Dalla Palma
- Hematology Unit and CTMO, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Notarfranchi
- Hematology Unit and CTMO, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Sara Galimberti
- Hematology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Buda
- Hematology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Abstract
Innate lymphocyte populations are emerging as key effectors in tissue homeostasis, microbial defense, and inflammatory skin disease. The cells are evolutionarily ancient and carry conserved principles of function, which can be achieved through shared or unique specific mechanisms. Recent technological and treatment advances have provided insight into heterogeneity within and between individuals and species. Similar pathways can extend through to adaptive lymphocytes, which softens the margins with innate lymphocyte populations and allows investigation of nonredundant pathways of immunity and inflammation that might be amenable to therapeutic intervention. Here, we review advances in understanding of innate lymphocyte biology with a focus on skin disease and the roles of commensal and pathogen responses and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Chen
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Clare S Hardman
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Koshika Yadava
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LE, United Kingdom;
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Girard P, Charles J, Cluzel C, Degeorges E, Manches O, Plumas J, De Fraipont F, Leccia MT, Mouret S, Chaperot L, Aspord C. The features of circulating and tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells in melanoma patients display critical perturbations with prognostic impact on clinical outcome. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:1601483. [PMID: 31413911 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1601483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
γδT cells hold a pivotal role in tumor immunosurveillance through their prompt activation and cytokine secretion, their ability to kill tumor cells in an Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-unrestricted manner, and their combination of features of both innate and adaptive immunity. These unique properties and functional plasticity render them very attractive both as targets and vectors for cancer immunotherapy. Yet, these potent and fascinating antitumor effectors have not been extensively explored in melanoma. We provided here a detailed investigation of the phenotypic and functional properties of circulating and tumor-infiltrating γδT cells in melanoma patients, and their impact on clinical evolution. High proportions of circulating- and tumor-infiltrating γδT and δ2+ subset were associated with better clinical outcome. We reported however that circulating and tumor-infiltrating γδT cells from melanoma patients displayed an altered expression of NCR, KIR, and immune checkpoints, and identified NKp44, PD1, 41BB/41BBL, TIM3, and LAG3 as crucial checkpoints allowing immune escape and tumor progression. Notably, melanoma drastically impaired the ability of γδT cells to exhibit activation molecules, secrete cytokines, and display cytotoxicity toward melanoma in response to stimulation with phosphoantigens. It drove them toward regulatory and Th17 profiles associated with poor clinical outcomes. Our study highlights that melanoma hijacked γδT cells to escape from immune control, and revealed that circulating and tumor-infiltrating γδT cell features are promising potential biomarkers of clinical evolution. Such understanding of the physiopathology of γδT cells may help designing new therapeutic approaches exploiting the antitumor potential of γδT cells while counteracting their skewing by tumors to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Girard
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhone-Alpes, R&D-Laboratory, Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble Alpes, EMR EFS-UGA-INSERM U1209- CNRS, Immunobiology & Immunotherapy of Chronic Diseases, Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Charles
- University Grenoble Alpes, EMR EFS-UGA-INSERM U1209- CNRS, Immunobiology & Immunotherapy of Chronic Diseases, Grenoble, France.,Dermatology clinic, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Camille Cluzel
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhone-Alpes, R&D-Laboratory, Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble Alpes, EMR EFS-UGA-INSERM U1209- CNRS, Immunobiology & Immunotherapy of Chronic Diseases, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuelle Degeorges
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhone-Alpes, R&D-Laboratory, Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble Alpes, EMR EFS-UGA-INSERM U1209- CNRS, Immunobiology & Immunotherapy of Chronic Diseases, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Manches
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhone-Alpes, R&D-Laboratory, Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble Alpes, EMR EFS-UGA-INSERM U1209- CNRS, Immunobiology & Immunotherapy of Chronic Diseases, Grenoble, France
| | - Joel Plumas
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhone-Alpes, R&D-Laboratory, Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble Alpes, EMR EFS-UGA-INSERM U1209- CNRS, Immunobiology & Immunotherapy of Chronic Diseases, Grenoble, France.,pDCline Pharma, Grenoble, France
| | - Florence De Fraipont
- University Grenoble Alpes, EMR EFS-UGA-INSERM U1209- CNRS, Immunobiology & Immunotherapy of Chronic Diseases, Grenoble, France.,Department of Biochemistry of Cancers and Biotherapies, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Therese Leccia
- University Grenoble Alpes, EMR EFS-UGA-INSERM U1209- CNRS, Immunobiology & Immunotherapy of Chronic Diseases, Grenoble, France.,Dermatology clinic, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Stephane Mouret
- University Grenoble Alpes, EMR EFS-UGA-INSERM U1209- CNRS, Immunobiology & Immunotherapy of Chronic Diseases, Grenoble, France.,Dermatology clinic, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Chaperot
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhone-Alpes, R&D-Laboratory, Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble Alpes, EMR EFS-UGA-INSERM U1209- CNRS, Immunobiology & Immunotherapy of Chronic Diseases, Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Aspord
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhone-Alpes, R&D-Laboratory, Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble Alpes, EMR EFS-UGA-INSERM U1209- CNRS, Immunobiology & Immunotherapy of Chronic Diseases, Grenoble, France
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10
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Cruz MS, Diamond A, Russell A, Jameson JM. Human αβ and γδ T Cells in Skin Immunity and Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1304. [PMID: 29928283 PMCID: PMC5997830 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T lymphocytes maintain skin homeostasis by balancing keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation with the destruction of infected or malignant cells. An imbalance in skin-resident T cell function can aggravate skin-related autoimmune diseases, impede tumor eradication, or disrupt proper wound healing. Much of the published work on human skin T cells attributes T cell function in the skin to αβ T cells, while γδ T cells are an often overlooked participant. This review details the roles played by both αβ and γδ T cells in healthy human skin and then focuses on their roles in skin diseases, such as psoriasis and alopecia areata. Understanding the contribution of skin-resident and skin-infiltrating T cell populations and cross-talk with other immune cells is leading to the development of novel therapeutics for patients. However, there is still much to be learned in order to effectively modulate T cell function and maintain healthy skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Julie Marie Jameson
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University of San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, United States
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11
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Tan CTY, Wistuba-Hamprecht K, Xu W, Nyunt MSZ, Vasudev A, Lee BTK, Pawelec G, Puan KJ, Rotzschke O, Ng TP, Larbi A. Vδ2+ and α/ß T cells show divergent trajectories during human aging. Oncotarget 2018; 7:44906-44918. [PMID: 27384987 PMCID: PMC5216693 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronological aging and a variety of stressors are driving forces towards immunosenescence. While much attention was paid to the main T cell component, α/β T cells, few studies concentrate on the impact of age on γ/δ T cells' characteristics. The latter are important players of adaptive immunity but also have features associated with innate immunity. Vδ2+ are the main component of γ/δ while Vδ1+ T cells expand upon Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and with age. The Vδ2+ T cells are not influenced by persistent infections but do contribute to immunosurveillance against bacterial pathogens. Here, we focus on Vδ2+ T cells and report that their composition and functionality is not altered in older adults. We have performed a side-by-side comparison of α/β and Vδ2 cells by using two robust markers of T cell replicative history and cell differentiation (CD28 and CD27), and cytokine secretion (IFN-γ and TNF-α). Significant differences in Vδ2 versus α/β homeostasis, as well as phenotypic and functional changes emerged. However, the data strongly suggest a sustained functionality of the Vδ2 population with age, independently of the challenge. This suggests differential trajectories towards immunosenescence in α/β and Vδ2+ T cells, most likely explained by their intrinsic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Tze Ying Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Kilian Wistuba-Hamprecht
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Weili Xu
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Ma Schwe Zin Nyunt
- Gerontology Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anusha Vasudev
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Bernett Teck Kwong Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kia Joo Puan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Olaf Rotzschke
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Tze Pin Ng
- Gerontology Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Wistuba-Hamprecht K, Martens A, Haehnel K, Geukes Foppen M, Yuan J, Postow MA, Wong P, Romano E, Khammari A, Dreno B, Capone M, Ascierto PA, Demuth I, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Larbi A, Schilling B, Schadendorf D, Wolchok JD, Blank CU, Pawelec G, Garbe C, Weide B. Proportions of blood-borne Vδ1+ and Vδ2+ T-cells are associated with overall survival of melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab. Eur J Cancer 2016; 64:116-26. [PMID: 27400322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Human γδ T-cells possess regulatory and cytotoxic capabilities, and could potentially influence the efficacy of immunotherapies. We analysed the frequencies of peripheral γδ T-cells, including their most prominent subsets (Vδ1+ and Vδ2+ cells) and differentiation states in 109 melanoma patients and 109 healthy controls. We additionally analysed the impact of γδ T-cells on overall survival (OS) calculated from the first dose of ipilimumab in melanoma patients. Higher median frequencies of Vδ1+ cells and lower median frequencies of Vδ2+ cells were identified in patients compared to healthy subjects (Vδ1+: 30% versus 15%, Vδ2+: 39% versus 64%, both p < 0.001). Patients with higher frequencies of Vδ1+ cells (≥30%) had poorer OS (p = 0.043) and a Vδ1+ differentiation signature dominated by late-differentiated phenotypes. In contrast, higher frequencies of Vδ2+ cells (≥39%) were associated with longer survival (p = 0.031) independent of the M category or lactate dehydrogenase level. Patients with decreasing frequencies of Vδ2+ cells under ipilimumab treatment had worse OS and a lower rate of clinical benefit than patients without such decreases. Therefore, we suggest frequencies of both Vδ1+ and Vδ2+ cells as candidate biomarkers for outcome in melanoma patients following ipilimumab. Further studies are needed to validate these results and to clarify whether they represent prognostic associations or whether γδ T-cells are specifically and/or functionally linked to the mode of action of ipilimumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Wistuba-Hamprecht
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Alexander Martens
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karin Haehnel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Jianda Yuan
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Postow
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Phillip Wong
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emanuela Romano
- Department of Oncology, Immunotherapy Unit, INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Amir Khammari
- Department of Oncodermatology, INSERM Research Unit 892, University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Brigitte Dreno
- Department of Oncodermatology, INSERM Research Unit 892, University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Ilja Demuth
- Research Group on Geriatrics, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Bastian Schilling
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany; School of Science and Technology, College of Arts and Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK; Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claus Garbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weide
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
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13
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Toia F, Buccheri S, Anfosso A, Moschella F, Dieli F, Meraviglia S, Cordova A. Skewed Differentiation of Circulating Vγ9Vδ2 T Lymphocytes in Melanoma and Impact on Clinical Outcome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149570. [PMID: 26915072 PMCID: PMC4767817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate over time circulating γδ T lymphocytes in melanoma patients in terms of frequency, effector functions, and relationship with clinical stage and evolution, by comparing preoperative values to those obtained at a mean follow-up of 36 months or in the event of recurrence or disease progression, and to those of healthy controls. Also, we correlated the presence of tumor-infiltrating γδ T lymphocytes with clinical evolution of melanoma. Results Mean frequencies of circulating γδ T cells before and after melanoma removal were very similar and comparable to healthy subjects, but patients who progressed to stage III or IV showed a significantly decreased frequency of circulating Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. The distribution of Vγ9Vδ2 memory and effector subsets was similar in healthy subjects and melanoma patients at diagnosis, but circulating γδ T cells of patients after melanoma removal had a skewed terminally-differentiated effector memory phenotype. Highly suggestive of progressive differentiation toward a cytotoxic phenotype, Vγ9Vδ2T cells from patients at follow up had increased cytotoxic potential and limited cytokine production capability, while the opposite pattern was detected in Vγ9Vδ2T cells from patients before melanoma removal. Conclusions Follow-up data also showed that tumor infiltrating γδ T cells were significantly associated with lower mortality and relapse rates, suggesting that they may serve as a prognostic biomarker, for human melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Toia
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Buccheri
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department for the Treatment and Study of Abdominal Diseases and Transplantation, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Ampelio Anfosso
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Moschella
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Serena Meraviglia
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Adriana Cordova
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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14
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Failli A, Legitimo A, Orsini G, Romanini A, Consolini R. The effects of zoledronate on monocyte-derived dendritic cells from melanoma patients differ depending on the clinical stage of the disease. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:3375-82. [PMID: 25483657 PMCID: PMC4514079 DOI: 10.4161/hv.29416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoledronic acid has shown indirect anticancer effects on angiogenesis, the tumor microenvironment and immune responses. Its immunological action is exerted, at least in part, via its modulating properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of zoledronic acid on the dendritic cells of melanoma patients. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 26 patients with melanoma and 11 healthy donors. Dendritic cells were derived from purified monocytes, and zoledronic acid (ZA) was added on the first day of culture. The phenotype and function of the generated cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. The ZA-treated monocytes from patients with early-stage disease generated DCs characterized by reduced endocytic activity and increased allostimulatory capacity compared with the untreated samples, allowing restoration of the DC function observed in normal subjects. In contrast, the ZA-treated monocytes from patients at stage III generated cells with higher CD14 antigen expression and endocytosis than the untreated samples. Therefore, in melanoma patients, the in vitro ZA effects differ according to the progression of the disease. In addition, our preliminary results appear to suggest that ZA effects are also influenced by the expression of CD14 antigen, indicating that the DC phenotype together with clinical characteristics must be considered in the choice of patients to be treated with ZA. Our work focus on the effect of ZA on monocyte-derived DCs from melanoma patients, showing that the effects of therapeutic doses of this drug might be mediated at least in part by modulation of myeloid cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Failli
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine ; University of Pisa ; Pisa , Italy
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15
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Wistuba-Hamprecht K, Di Benedetto S, Schilling B, Sucker A, Schadendorf D, Garbe C, Weide B, Pawelec G. Phenotypic characterization and prognostic impact of circulating γδ and αβ T-cells in metastatic malignant melanoma. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:698-704. [PMID: 26383054 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human T cells carrying γδ T-cell receptors (TCRs) represent a minor population relative to those with αβ TCRs. There has been much interest recently in the possibility of using these γδ T-cells in cancer therapy because they can kill tumor cells in vitro in an MHC-unrestricted manner, and possess potential regulatory capability and antigen-presenting capacity. The presence of γδ T-cells in late-stage melanoma patients and their relationship with survival has not been extensively explored, although relatively lower percentages of total γδ T-cells and Vδ2+ cells have been reported. Here, we present a detailed analysis of associations of γδ T-cell subsets and differentiation stages with survival in Stage IV patients, compared with CD4+ and CD8+ αβ T-cells. We found an increased Vδ1:Vδ2-ratio and a decreased CD4:CD8-ratio in patients compared to healthy controls, on the basis both of relative frequencies and absolute cell counts per μL blood. Nonetheless, Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that a higher than median frequency of Vδ1+ cells was negatively associated with survival, whereas there were no positive or negative associations with frequencies of Vδ2+ cells. Correlations of cell differentiation status with survival revealed a negative association of early-differentiated Vδ1+ T cells with survival, both on the basis of relative frequencies and absolute counts. There was also a positive correlation between the frequencies of early-differentiated CD8+ αβ T-cells and survival. Our findings suggest peripheral blood frequencies of Vδ1+ T-cells as a potential prognostic marker in melanoma. The mechanisms by which higher abundance of Vδ1+ cells are associated with poorer survival require determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Wistuba-Hamprecht
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Bastian Schilling
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany
| | - Antje Sucker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany
| | - Claus Garbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weide
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
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16
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Fowler DW, Bodman-Smith MD. Harnessing the power of Vδ2 cells in cancer immunotherapy. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 180:1-10. [PMID: 25469879 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are a subset of T lymphocytes that have been implicated in immunosurveillance against infections and tumours. In the peripheral blood of humans the γδ T cell pool is made up predominantly of Vδ2 cells, which can detect both foreign and self-metabolites of the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway. This unique axis of antigen recognition enables Vδ2 cells to respond to a range of pathogenic infections as well as perturbations in endogenous isoprenoid biosynthesis that can occur during cell stress and malignant transformation. There has been growing interest in Vδ2 cells as a potential avenue for cancer immunotherapy, and a number of strategies have been utilized in an attempt to boost the anti-tumour response of Vδ2 cells in patients. In this review we discuss critically the evidence that Vδ2 cells contribute to the cytotoxic response against tumours and evaluate current immunotherapeutic approaches that target these cells in cancer patients, with specific focus on their shortcomings and how they may be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Fowler
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, UK
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17
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Fowler DW, Copier J, Dalgleish AG, Bodman-Smith MD. Zoledronic acid causes γδ T cells to target monocytes and down-modulate inflammatory homing. Immunology 2015; 143:539-49. [PMID: 24912747 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoledronic acid (ZA) is a potential immunotherapy for cancer because it can induce potent γδ T-cell-mediated anti-tumour responses. Clinical trials are testing the efficacy of intravenous ZA in cancer patients; however, the effects of systemic ZA on the activation and migration of peripheral γδ T cells remain poorly understood. We found that γδ T cells within ZA-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were degranulating, as shown by up-regulated expression of CD107a/b. Degranulation was monocyte dependent because CD107a/b expression was markedly reduced in the absence of CD14(+) cells. Consistent with monocyte-induced degranulation, we observed γδ T-cell-dependent induction of monocyte apoptosis, as shown by phosphatidylserine expression on monocytes and decreased percentages of monocytes in culture. Despite the prevailing paradigm that ZA promotes tumour homing in γδ T cells, we observed down-modulation of their tumour homing capacity, as shown by decreased expression of the inflammatory chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR3, and reduced migration towards the inflammatory chemokine CCL5. Taken together our data suggest that ZA causes γδ T cells to target monocytes and down-modulate the migratory programme required for inflammatory homing. This study provides novel insight into how γδ T cells interact with monocytes and the possible implications of systemic use of ZA in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Fowler
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St George's University of London, Tooting, London, UK
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18
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Khan MWA, Curbishley SM, Chen HC, Thomas AD, Pircher H, Mavilio D, Steven NM, Eberl M, Moser B. Expanded Human Blood-Derived γδT Cells Display Potent Antigen-Presentation Functions. Front Immunol 2014; 5:344. [PMID: 25101086 PMCID: PMC4107971 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based immunotherapy strategies target tumors directly (via cytolytic effector cells) or aim at mobilizing endogenous anti-tumor immunity. The latter approach includes dendritic cells (DC) most frequently in the form of in vitro cultured peripheral blood monocytes-derived DC. Human blood γδT cells are selective for a single class of non-peptide agonists (“phosphoantigens”) and develop into potent antigen-presenting cells (APC), termed γδT-APC within 1–3 days of in vitro culture. Availability of large numbers of γδT-APC would be advantageous for use as a novel cellular vaccine. We here report optimal γδT cell expansion (>107 cells/ml blood) when peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy individuals and melanoma patients were stimulated with zoledronate and then cultured for 14 days in the presence of IL-2 and IL-15, yielding γδT cell cultures of variable purity (77 ± 21 and 56 ± 26%, respectively). They resembled effector memory αβT (TEM) cells and retained full functionality as assessed by in vitro tumor cell killing as well as secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα) and cell proliferation in response to stimulation with phosphoantigens. Importantly, day 14 γδT cells expressed numerous APC-related cell surface markers and, in agreement, displayed potent in vitro APC functions. Day 14 γδT cells from PBMC of patients with cancer were equally effective as their counterparts derived from blood of healthy individuals and triggered potent CD8+ αβT cell responses following processing and cross-presentation of simple (influenza M1) and complex (tuberculin purified protein derivative) protein antigens. Of note, and in clear contrast to peripheral blood γδT cells, the ability of day 14 γδT cells to trigger antigen-specific αβT cell responses did not depend on re-stimulation. We conclude that day 14 γδT cell cultures provide a convenient source of autologous APC for use in immunotherapy of patients with various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Wajid A Khan
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine , Cardiff , UK
| | - Stuart M Curbishley
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham Medical School , Birmingham , UK
| | - Hung-Chang Chen
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine , Cardiff , UK
| | - Andrew D Thomas
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine , Cardiff , UK
| | - Hanspeter Pircher
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano , Milan , Italy ; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Neil M Steven
- CR-UK Clinical Trials Unit, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham Medical School , Birmingham , UK
| | - Matthias Eberl
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine , Cardiff , UK
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine , Cardiff , UK
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Petrini I, Scatena C, Naccarato AG, Petrini M. CD57 and γδ T-cell receptor expression in nodal metastatic spread of melanoma. Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42:575-6. [PMID: 22050593 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02612.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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